Diet for kidney stones: menu and nutritional rules. Features of the diet for urolithiasis in men

Diet for urolithiasis in men is an integral part of therapy. Proper nutrition prevents the formation of new stones, promotes the dissolution of existing ones. Thanks to an integrated approach at home, surgery and drug treatment can be avoided if the disease is at an early stage. The diet is compiled by the attending physician, depending on the severity of the pathology and the type of stones.

Nutrition Basics

With urolithiasis, table No. 14 according to M.I. Pevzner is assigned. Health food helps the body recover. In addition, the diet is a good prevention of exacerbation and further development of the disease.

The essence of the diet is to reduce the influence of factors that contribute to the formation of stones. This applies to changes in the level of acidity of urine, a decrease in its daily amount, an increase in the concentration of oxalates, calcium, phosphates, uric acid in the urine, and a decrease in the amount of citrates.

Basic rules of nutrition for urolithiasis:

1. 1. The use of a large amount of fluid per day. According to studies, if you drink 2.5 liters of water per day, then the likelihood of developing an illness is reduced by 40%. Especially useful juices of citrus fruits. They contain citrates, increase the level of acidity of urine.
2. 2. Reduction in the diet of animal proteins. Because of them, the likelihood of developing the disease increases. This is due to the fact that such a protein increases the concentration of calcium and uric acid in urine, reduces the amount of citrate.
3. 3. Restriction of foods containing high amounts of fructose. In the body, this substance causes insulin dependence, which leads to an increase in the concentration of uric acid and a decrease in the level of urine acidity.
4. 4. Fat reduction. They are not considered factors influencing to a large extent the formation of calculi, but their excessive consumption leads to obesity, which provokes the development of urolithiasis. With excess weight, the amount of oxalates, calcium, sulfates, sodium and uric acid in urine increases.
5. 5. Restriction of salt, foods high in purines and proteins.

It is recommended to choose foods that contain a large amount of amino acids and vitamins. Calorie content should correspond to energy costs per day. Portions are best done small, but eat often. Doctors advise sticking to three main meals, and 2-3 more snacks are also allowed during the day. Overeating is strictly prohibited. Such dietary rules are also useful for children with kidney disease.

Nutrition should be systematic, that is, you need to follow the regimen. Refusal of the diet for urolithiasis will lead to serious complications. This will lead to the development of hydronephrosis, nephrosclerosis, chronic renal failure.

Allowed and prohibited products

In case of urolithiasis, especially its exacerbation, it is required to adhere to a certain diet, including allowed and prohibited foods:

Nutrition rules depending on the type of stones

Magnesium compounds are formed against the background of infectious and inflammatory processes in the gallbladder, kidneys, and urinary tract. In this case, the main task of nutrition is to strengthen the immune system and acidify urine. With phosphates, the following rules must be observed:

1. 1. Eat every day grains, pasta, fruits, vegetables, lean meats. Due to this, sediments accumulating phosphates will not appear in acidic urine.
2. 2. Eat more foods rich in ascorbic acid: cranberries, currants, gooseberries, strawberries, tomatoes, peppers, potatoes, citrus fruits.
3. 3. Regularly drink decoctions of meadowsweet, horsetail, juices from fresh berries and fruits.
4. 4. You can not eat dairy products, legumes, because of them urine is alkalized.

Oxalates are formed against the background of excessive consumption of oxalic acid and vitamin C. Patients should adhere to the following recommendations:

1. 1. Eat more foods that help balance the concentration of calcium and oxalic acid. By reducing the amount of calcium, absorption and absorption of oxalates from the digestive tract is increased. It is better to give preference to citrus fruits, cereals, corn, cucumbers, onions, oil.
2. 2. Drink more water.
3. 3. Limit the use of dairy products, beets, carrots, potatoes, tomatoes, peas, legumes, cabbage, plums, nuts, leafy greens.
4. 4. Completely exclude from the diet: parsley, sorrel, celery, leek, eggplant, zucchini, cocoa, raspberries, currants, blackberries, strawberries, nuts, spices.

Urate stones are formed due to the high content of uric acid in urine. In this case, it is recommended:

1. 1. Eat more vegetables and fruits, steamed or boiled.
2. 2. Eat more dairy products.
3. 3. Exclude pork, lamb, offal, fatty fish, cocoa, beans, mushrooms, nuts.

If the stones are phosphorus-calcium or oxalate, then the diet will prevent the synthesis of new stones, but the old ones will not dissolve. However, proper nutrition is sufficient to dissolve urates.

Menu for the week

With urolithiasis, it is best to draw up an approximate menu for a week in advance. It should be varied and nutritious. Example:

You can drink food with weak green and black tea (it is allowed to add milk), juices, compotes, jelly from fruits and berries. In the morning on an empty stomach, it is recommended to drink warm alkaline mineral water or a rosehip-based decoction - about 100 ml. As a second breakfast and afternoon snack, it is recommended to eat fruits, biscuits, scrambled eggs. Before going to bed, you can drink milk, kefir, homemade yogurt.

A safe and effective treatment for many diseases is diet. Consider the features of the diet in the presence of stones and sand in the body and the recovery menu.

One of the most common urological diseases is urolithiasis. The disease is characterized by painful symptoms, exacerbations and frequent relapses. With this lesion, stones form in the urinary tract and kidneys. They consist of crystals of urinary salts and binding protein compounds. Their presence in the body is a reason to immediately seek medical help and start treatment.

The main types of stones:

• Oxalates
• Phosphates
• Urats

For each type of calculus, a specific diet is selected with contraindications and nutritional recommendations.

Pathology occurs due to an increased concentration of salts in the urine. Gradually, they settle and turn into stones and sand. As a rule, this occurs with metabolic disorders, malformations of the urinary system, inflammatory and infectious diseases, climate and nutrition. Diet plays a big role in the development of the disease. Therefore, when it is detected, the patient is prescribed a special diet. Diet therapy is combined with other methods of treatment for the complex elimination of the disease.

Therapeutic nutrition involves the restriction of nutrients that contribute to the formation of sediment and stones in the urinary tract. The diet is prescribed by the doctor, focusing on the type and chemical composition of the stones, the general condition of the body. Improper nutrition can lead to the formation of new stones, which complicate the course of the disease, and cause a number of complications.

Treatment of urolithiasis with diet

Diet food is based on limiting the consumption of certain foods. The list of restrictions depends on the type of stones in the urinary tract. The cause of the pathology can be a deficiency of vitamin B and fiber, which removes salt from the body. Treatment of urolithiasis with a diet should be compiled by a doctor who focuses on the individual characteristics of the patient's body.

• Sufficient fluid intake (at least 2 liters of water per day)
• Reducing portion sizes
• Reduce salt intake and avoid hot spices
• Restriction of food with stone-forming substances
• Varied Diet

Nutrition should be balanced and have sufficient energy value for the normal functioning of the body. Self-selection of a diet will not give a positive result, but will only aggravate the course of the disease.

Diet for urolithiasis with urates

Urates are detected in patients of all ages (formed due to excess uric acid). They precipitate in a very acidic environment, have a red-orange tint, smooth, rounded shape. If present, nutrition should be such that the urine does not become alkaline. Stones grow quickly, and following a diet leads to their reduction.

The diet for urolithiasis with urates should be based on the following rules:

• Refusal or reduction of the consumption of meat and fish dishes. Fish can only be eaten boiled and not more than twice a week. The ban includes liver, kidneys, meat and fish broths, meat of young animals, as well as canned food, sausages, marinades and animal fats.
• It is forbidden to eat cauliflower, legumes and mushrooms, sorrel, spinach, figs. It is necessary to give up alcoholic beverages, strong tea, coffee, cranberry juice, cocoa and chocolate.
• The diet should include dairy products, mild cheeses, cottage cheese, eggs. Particular attention should be paid to various cereals, vegetable soups and herbs.
• You can eat pasta, bread, various dried fruits, honey, jam, berries and spices in moderation. From vegetables, potatoes, eggplants, cucumbers, sweet peppers, tomatoes, beets, radishes are allowed.

Stones are formed due to the product of purine metabolism. Therapeutic nutrition provides for a decrease in the number of permitted products containing purine bases and causing alkalization of urine. The diet has a milky-vegetarian character.

During treatment, it is categorically contraindicated to starve, as this leads to acidification of the internal environment of the body and increased formation of uric acid, which settles in the kidneys. At the same time, fasting days can be done on vegetables or dairy products, 1-2 times a week with up to two liters of liquid.

Diet for urolithiasis with oxalates

Oxalates are another type of stone that affects the genitourinary system. They are formed due to the action of oxalic acid salts, which are excreted by the kidneys. Penetrate into the body as a result of biochemical reactions that occur with plant foods. Normally, about 20-40 mg of oxalates are excreted in the urine per day. The release of more salts is called oxaluria and is a sign of pathological processes.

The disease occurs due to the consumption of a large amount of plant foods such as: asparagus, tomatoes, sorrel, cocoa, spinach, beets. The disease can be triggered by diabetes mellitus and its improper treatment. Ethylene glycol poisoning, increased intake of vitamin D and ascorbic acid, also cause illness.

The diet for urolithiasis with oxalates is based on limiting the use of oxalic acid. Reducing the concentration of this substance in the urine stops the precipitation of salts. Nutrition recommendations:

• You can not eat spinach, lettuce, sorrel, figs, rhubarb, cocoa, chocolate and products with gelatin. Vitamin C and products containing it fall under the restriction. During the period of exacerbation, it is worth abandoning dairy products and dishes.
• Smoked meats, offal, various broths and spices should be excluded from the diet. Limit the use of tomatoes, herbs, sour fruits and berries, chicken and beef, strong tea and coffee.
• The diet should consist of dairy products, cereals and whole grains. From vegetables, you can eat potatoes, pumpkin, red beans, eggplant, cauliflower, peas. You can eat various dried fruits, pears, apples, grapes, bananas, watermelons, plums and apricots.

If the disease is not severe, then a corrective diet is not used. A long course provokes a secondary inflammation - pyelonephritis, which causes alkalinization of urine and the formation of phosphate stones. In this case, nutrition is based on a combination of two therapeutic diets.

The essence of the diet

Therapeutic nutrition for urolithiasis helps the body recover and acts as an excellent prevention. The essence of the diet is to reduce the risk factors that cause the formation of stones. These factors include: a change in the acidity of urine and a decrease in its daily volume, an increased content of calcium, oxalates, phosphates and uric acid in urine, a reduced concentration of citrate.

Consider the main postulates of nutrition on which the diet for recovery is based:

1. Liquid

In order for the daily diuresis to be normal, it is necessary to drink at least two liters of fluid per day. This is an important factor in the prevention of the disease. The use of large amounts of water reduces the saturation of urine with stone-forming salts. According to studies, 2.5 liters of water per day reduces the risk of developing pathology by 40%. It is recommended to drink citrus juices. The composition of citrus includes citrates, which increase the pH of urine and reduce the risk of developing the disease.

1. Protein

Increased consumption of animal protein provokes the development of the disease. In addition, protein contributes to obesity, which is associated with urolithiasis. Animal protein increases the concentration of calcium and uric acid in the urine, reduces the content of citrates.

1. Carbohydrates

Excess fructose in the body is a risk of obesity, urolithiasis and metabolic syndrome. The substance causes insulin resistance, which provokes an increased level of uric acid, and a decrease in urine pH.

A diet rich in fat is not a factor in the formation of stones. But their excessive use is associated with obesity, which provokes stones. Obese people suffer from increased concentrations of uric acid, calcium, sodium, oxalates and sulfates in the urine.

During treatment, it is necessary to limit sodium intake. Its excess entails changes in the quantitative and qualitative composition of urine. But on the other hand, salt increases the volume and pH of urine.

1. Uric acid

Excess consumption of food with proteins and purines increases the risk of disease.

• High content of purines - from the diet it is necessary to exclude offal, all types of legumes, canned food, meat broths, meat, fish, beer.
• Moderate purine content - it is recommended to limit the consumption of marine and freshwater fish, meat, poultry, grain bread and cereals, eggs, coffee, tea, cauliflower, legumes and spinach.
• Low purine content - it is allowed to eat various cereals, baked goods, nuts, vegetables with a low content of purines, vegetable soups, dairy products, soft drinks.

Diet for urolithiasis in women

Urolithiasis affects patients of all ages and gender. Pathology occurs due to violations of the outflow of urine and changes in its composition. The diet for urolithiasis in women is a conservative method of treatment and prevention, which is used at all stages and in all forms of damage. Very often in women, the disease develops due to the increased density of urine and its stagnation. The main symptoms are severe pain during urination, blood in the urine, and feeling unwell. The signs of the disease depend on where the stones are located, how many of them, what structure and size they have.

Medical nutrition is included in the recovery program. Compliance with the diet prevents further formation of stones and reduces the size of existing ones.

• Products should contain vitamins and amino acids, and their calorie content should correspond to energy costs during the day.
• You need to eat often, but in small portions. Overeating is strictly contraindicated. There should be systematic meals, that is, a regimen.
• During the day, you should maintain water balance. It is recommended to drink at least two liters of water per day. This volume is necessary for normal urine output.

Lack of diet leads to serious complications. Most often it is hydronephrosis, nephrosclerosis, renal failure. Nutrition is prescribed individually for each patient. Since when compiling a diet, the chemical composition of the calculus and the pH of the urine are taken into account.

Diet for urolithiasis in men

Calculi in the urinary tract is one of the most common lesions of the kidneys and genitourinary system. The disease occurs for many reasons, one of which is a metabolic disorder. Therefore, a properly composed diet for urolithiasis in men helps to avoid relapses and speed up the recovery process.

There are a number of predisposing factors for urolithiasis in men. First of all, it is smoking, injuries associated with increased stress, malnutrition, peptic ulcer, gastritis, abuse of spicy and salty foods. The patient complains of pain in the genital area, thigh and bladder. The disease negatively affects the quality of life and intimate relationships.

The basic principles of the diet:

• Refusal of alcohol, strong tea and coffee, salt, fatty foods, sauces and spices. Meals should be fractional to avoid overeating. Since it can cause metabolic disorders and the appearance of stones in the ureters and kidneys.
• It is necessary to observe the drinking regime - up to two liters of drinking water during the day. Exclude meat, fish, offal, legumes, mushrooms and cabbage from the diet.
• Eat more dairy products, berries and vegetables. Porridges, vegetable salads and soups will be useful. The diet should include potato dishes, whole grain bread, nuts.

Timely start of the diet prevents complications and minimizes painful symptoms. Nutrition depends on the origin of the stones. Changes in the diet in male patients are difficult to tolerate, as it is necessary to limit and control oneself.

Diet for kidney stones in children

Urolithiasis in pediatric patients is associated with metabolic disorders. The disease occurs due to the action of external and internal factors. First of all, these are genetic metabolic disorders, hormonal changes, the negative impact of the environment, the abuse of low-quality food, and malformations in the development of the urinary organs.

Nutrition rules for children:

• A varied diet with minimal fat intake. Since this can lead to violations of the acid-base balance in the body, diseases of the intestines and stomach, oversaturation of urine with salts.
• The diet should contain food rich in vitamins A, B, C and D. These vitamins accelerate metabolic processes and normalize the functioning of the body.
• The child must drink enough fluids, as dehydration adversely affects the entire body and can cause urinary retention.

The diet for urolithiasis in children avoids surgical intervention. The main symptoms of the pathology are aching pains in the lower back, frequent urge to urinate, a tense, hard stomach, and difficulty urinating. The above symptoms indicate that the stones are moving through the urethra. If the disease occurs in young children, then the baby suffers from symptoms of intoxication, restless, often crying. In this case, the attachment of a secondary infection is possible.

Diet 6 for urolithiasis

For the treatment of lesions of the genitourinary system, several diets are used, the purpose of which depends on the type of stones, their chemical composition and the individual characteristics of the patient's body. Diet 6 is used for urolithiasis, gout and uric acid diathesis. Nutrition normalizes alkalization of urine and purine metabolism, accelerates the excretion of uric acid salts. Patients need to limit the intake of foods with extractives and purines, increase fluid intake and minimize the amount of salt in the diet.

Diet 6 for urolithiasis is based on an increase in the amount of alkalizing foods (vegetables, fruits, dairy) and fluids in the diet.

• It is necessary to minimize the amount of refractory fats and animal proteins. If the patient is obese, then the amount of carbohydrates decreases. Food is best boiled, baked, stewed or steamed.
• The chemical composition of dietary table No. 6: proteins 70-80 g, carbohydrates 400 g, fats 90 g. Calorie content should not exceed 2700-2800 kcal per day, while drinking 1.5-3 liters of liquid is mandatory
• From the first courses, you can eat vegetable soups and broths, it is better to refuse meat or reduce its amount to a minimum. Various cereals, potatoes, dairy products, rye, wheat bread and bran pastries will be useful.
• Fruits and berries can be eaten both fresh and after heat treatment. It is not recommended to use acidic varieties of berries. Of the sweets, marmalade, jam, fruit creams and jelly are allowed. Chocolate, coffee, cocoa and strong tea are contraindicated.
• Of the seasonings, greens, bay leaf, vanillin, cinnamon, citric acid are allowed. Spicy and salty seasonings, sauces should be discarded. You can not use alcoholic beverages, various smoked meats, canned food, sausages, mushrooms, legumes, spinach, cauliflower, offal, pickled foods and pickles.

Compliance with a therapeutic diet allows you to normalize the metabolism of purines, reduce the formation of uric acid and salts in the kidneys, from which stones are formed that affect the urinary system.

Diet menu for urolithiasis

While dieting, many patients are faced with the problem of compiling a diet. And this is not surprising, since the menu should be varied and nutritious. Consider an exemplary diet menu for urolithiasis, which must be adjusted depending on the type of stones:

Monday

• Breakfast: vegetable salad with dressing of olive or vegetable oil with flax seeds, a cup of green tea.
• Snack: steamed omelette, compote with dried fruits or rosehip broth.
• Lunch: mashed potatoes with boiled fish, tea or compote.
• Snack: a couple of apples or a banana.
• Dinner: cottage cheese with dried fruits, biscuit cookies.
• Second dinner: a glass of kefir or green tea with cereal crackers.

• Breakfast: buckwheat porridge with an apple, green tea or a glass of milk.
• Snack: yogurt and a handful of nuts.
• Lunch: vegetable borscht with potato chops and stewed carrots.
• Snack: millet porridge with an apple.
• Dinner: carrot casserole with prunes, green tea or rosehip broth.
• Second dinner: tea or a glass of yogurt.

• Breakfast: vegetable salad, egg, tea or a glass of milk.
• Snack: oatmeal with dried fruits.
• Lunch: steam dumplings with cottage cheese, a spoonful of sour cream and compote.
• Snack: 1-2 apples.
• Dinner: rice with stewed or baked eggplant and bell peppers.
• Second dinner: tea with crackers or biscuits.

• Breakfast: boiled beet salad with walnuts and prunes, seasoned with olive oil, green tea.
• Snack: vegetable salad, yogurt.
• Lunch: boiled fish with vegetable stew, okroshka.
• Snack: fruit salad, compote.
• Dinner: potato casserole with sour cream, green tea or rosehip broth.
• Second dinner: kefir or green tea with a biscuit.

• Breakfast: boiled egg, oatmeal with dried fruits, green tea.
• Snack: beetroot salad with apple.
• Lunch: vegetable broth soup with potato dumplings, buckwheat porridge with steamed vegetables.
• Snack: 1-2 apples or banana with yogurt.
• Dinner: pasta with hard cheese and stewed tomatoes.
• Second dinner: cottage cheese with prunes, green tea.

Fasting day. During the day, you can drink green tea and eat cottage cheese or allowed fruits.

Sunday

• Breakfast: salad of boiled beets and carrots, rosehip broth.
• Snack: steam omelette, berry juice with biscuit cookies.
• Lunch: pumpkin and carrot cream soup, zucchini pancakes with sour cream.
• Snack: fresh vegetable salad and yogurt.
• Dinner: baked apples with rice and dried fruits, green tea.
• Second dinner: cereal bread, a glass of kefir.

Diet recipes for urolithiasis

For the speedy recovery of the body in diseases of the genitourinary system, therapeutic nutrition is used. Such therapy is not only safe, but also very effective. It can be used as a preventive measure.

Consider delicious diet recipes for urolithiasis:

1. Dietary buckwheat soup

• Potatoes 3-4 pcs.
• Carrot 1 pc.
• Onion ½ pc.
• Buckwheat 1 cup
• Dried herbs or other spices for flavor

Fill a pot with 3 liters of water and bring to a boil. Dip peeled and chopped potatoes, washed buckwheat, grated carrots and finely chopped onions into boiling water. Boil until the potatoes are soft, add spices and boil for another 10-15 minutes. The soup should brew a little. You can eat with garlic croutons or cereal bread.

2. Cream soup with pumpkin and carrots

• Pumpkin 500 g
• Potato 1 pc.
• Carrot 1 pc.
• Onion 1 pc.
• Olive oil 15 g
• Spices to taste

Boil pumpkin and potatoes until tender. Chop onions and carrots and fry until soft in olive oil. Drain the water in which the vegetables were cooked in a separate container. Add fried onions and carrots to chopped pumpkin and potatoes. For grinding, it is better to use a blender, use the remaining vegetable broth to adjust the density of the soup. Add spices and boil for 10 minutes over medium heat.

3. Sweet pilaf with pumpkin and dried fruits

• Rice 300 g
• Pumpkin 100 g
• Olive oil 10-20 g
• Apples
• Dried apricots
• Prunes
• Barberry
• Cumin, saffron, coriander

Peel pumpkin and apples, cut into small slices. Wash and cut dried fruits. Pour a little oil into the bottom of the pan, put pieces of pumpkin and some apples, pour 1/3 of the rice. Put pumpkin slices, apples and dried fruits on rice and make another such layer. Pour rice with boiled water with spices and pour the remaining oil. Cover the pot with a lid and cook over low heat for an hour.

4. Potato salad with sour cream and garlic sauce

• Potatoes 5 pcs.
• Sour cream ½ cup
• Yolk 1 pc.
• Garlic 1-2 cloves
• Lemon juice
• Spices to taste

Boil potatoes in their skins, peel and cut into slices or cubes. For the sauce, chop the garlic, mix with spices, egg yolk and sour cream. Pour sauce over potatoes. Salad can be served both chilled and warm.

5. Energy bars

• Oatmeal 1-2 cups
• Prunes
• Dried apricots
• dried apples
• Fresh banana 1-2 pcs.
• Pumpkin and sunflower seeds
• Flax seeds
• Sesame
• Walnut

Mix all ingredients and grind with a blender. Add honey to the resulting mixture and mix thoroughly, you should get an elastic, thick mixture. Shape into balls and place them on a parchment-lined baking sheet. Put in the oven for 10-15 minutes at a temperature of 150-170 degrees. Once the bars have cooled, wrap each in parchment paper and store in the refrigerator.

If there are concomitant diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, then the diet is adjusted so as not to provoke a relapse of the disease. In the presence of pathologies of the cardiovascular system, you should not use heavy drinking, as this negatively affects the functioning of the body. Particular attention should be paid to your weight, since obesity aggravates the course of the disease and can provoke complications.

What can you eat with urolithiasis:

• urate stones

Most vegetables and fruits: carrots, cabbage, potatoes, cucumbers, beets, herbs, apricots, pears, plums, peaches. Butter, low-fat dairy products, black and white bread, various cereals, nuts, weak green and black tea, mineral water.

• Phosphate stones

Lean poultry meat, bread, dairy products, cereals (cooked with water), mushrooms. From fruits, you can eat cranberries, sour varieties of apples, lingonberries, drink cranberry fruit drinks, rosehip broth and weak tea.

What can not be eaten with urolithiasis?

Many methods are used to treat urinary tract stones, but diet therapy is considered the safest and most affordable. The list of what you can not eat with urolithiasis depends on the type of stones, their chemical composition, size and a number of other features.

• Oxalates

When compiling a diet for this pathology, it is necessary to limit the use of oxalic acid. A decrease in the concentration of this substance will lead to the cessation of salt precipitation. It is forbidden to eat spinach, lettuce, sorrel, chocolate, nuts, products with gelatin, cocoa. Nutritionists recommend minimizing your intake of vitamin C and dairy products.

• Urats

Formed in a highly acidic environment. Nutrition should be built so that the urine does not become alkaline. Such stones grow very quickly, but if the diet is followed, they can decrease. During treatment, it is necessary to reduce or completely abandon the use of fish and meat, offal, meat broths, smoked meats, canned food and sausages. From vegetables it is contraindicated to eat mushrooms, legumes, cauliflower, greens (spinach, sorrel).

• Phosphates

Stones grow in an alkaline environment, so when they appear, you need to limit the use of foods with calcium and phosphate, change the pH of urine to the acid side. Dairy products, most fruits and vegetables are banned. During treatment, it is not recommended to eat red meat, fish, canned food and smoked meats. We'll have to give up sweet pastries, fruit and berry juices.

During urolithiasis, changing eating habits is a priority, since all the breakdown products of food must pass through the kidneys. Diet for urolithiasis is considered a necessary and important component of the complex treatment of the disease. Taking into account the type of disorders that caused the formation of stones, as well as the chemical composition of the stones, a therapeutic diet is developed and prescribed.

First, let me remind you the essence of the disease itself. Urolithiasis is the formation of stones and the deposition of sand in the organs of the urinary system. The disease is quite common, and can occur in people of both sexes and all ages, often occurs in a latent and acute form, often accompanied by serious complications and relapses.

The reason for the formation of stones and sand is an excessive increase in the concentration of salts of various substances that precipitate (are not excreted from the body) due to disturbed metabolic processes and exposure to certain adverse conditions. Among them, dehydration of the body, often occurring diseases of the genitourinary system in acute and chronic form (cystitis, pyelonephritis, etc.), nutritional deficiencies or beriberi, diseases of the musculoskeletal system, digestive organs in a chronic form, a sedentary lifestyle, congenital features or genetic pathology of the structure of the organs of the urinary system, malnutrition, hard water, vascular and metabolic disorders directly in the kidneys, and in the body itself.

With timely diagnosis of the disease, proper drug therapy and, most importantly, diet, treatment is successful, surgery is not required. Careful adherence to a therapeutic diet for urolithiasis prevents the increase in existing stones or the formation of new ones, changes the acidity of urine, which helps dissolve stones. The diet (regardless of the composition of the stone) provides for compliance with the drinking regime, which stimulates the processes of removing stones, sand and other sediment from the kidneys and bladder.

So, the type of stones (chemical composition) affects the choice of diet, which is developed by the doctor together with the nutritionist. Stones are oxalate, urate, phosphate, organic and mixed (a mixture of various salts, occurs in almost half of the cases). Remember, a therapeutic diet for phosphate stones is absolutely not suitable for urate stones, it will stimulate the growth of stones. Therefore, it is very important to trust specialists in matters of nutrition. Because of this, you can not stick to a strict diet for a long time, this will dramatically change the composition of urine and provoke the formation of other types of stones. For example, with a long alkaline diet in the case of gout, patients often find phosphate stones in the kidneys. Medical nutrition is recommended during the period of active treatment, in the future the diet is gradually expanded (again under the supervision of a specialist).

General principles of therapeutic nutrition for kidney stones.
It is very important for urolithiasis to consume from 2 to 2.5 liters of clean drinking water during the day (you can decoction of wild rose). Juices, fruit drinks, compotes, teas and other liquids do not count. In general, stones begin to form against the background of an increase in the concentration of ions in the urine, therefore, the more water is filtered and excreted in the urine, the better, the concentration will decrease.

The diet for urolithiasis of the kidneys should be balanced and have sufficient energy value. Existing diseases of the digestive system must be taken into account, since their exacerbation can disrupt the absorption of vitamins and trace elements, which will lead to stone formation.

Nutrition should be fractional, that is, 5-6 meals a day in small portions.

When does a diet help?
Amino acid (cysteine ​​and xanthine stones) are not subject to adjustment by therapeutic nutrition, since they are formed during genetic pathologies. If certain recommendations are followed, urate stones can be eliminated. Oxalates or phosphorus-calcium stones practically do not dissolve, dietary nutrition will only prevent the formation of new stones.

Diet for the deposition of oxalate stones.
Oxalates are crystals of the calcium salt of oxalic acid, they are formed with an increased intake of oxalic acid or vitamin C from food, as well as an increase in the absorption of oxalic acid against the background of a lack of calcium and vitamin B6.

The therapeutic diet provides for the exclusion from nutrition:

• lettuce, spinach, sorrel, rhubarb, beets, celery, parsley;
• chocolate, cocoa;
• jelly and jelly;
• figs and purslane;
• vitamin C in the form of a food supplement, as well as products where the vitamin is a preservative;
• smoked meats, salinity and marinades;
• broths and spices;
• offal.

• salt (especially for children, since oxalates are most often formed in childhood);
• carrots, tomatoes, green beans;
• chicken and beef meat;
• citrus;
• black and red currants, rose hips, gooseberries, blueberries;
• sour varieties of apples;
• sweets;
• young greens;
• tea, coffee (preferably not strong with milk).

• potatoes, cauliflower, pumpkin, peas, eggplant, prunes, red beans;
• pear, sweet apples, plums, grapes (grape fasting days are recommended), dogwood, apricots, bananas, watermelons;
• all cereals and whole grains (especially buckwheat, wheat bran, oatmeal);
• bran bread;
• nuts;
• dairy products (preferably in the morning);
• infusions of half-pala, madder dye, birch leaves and violet roots;
• lean fish.

Sample menu for one day with oxalate stones.
Breakfast: cottage cheese (100 grams), 200 ml of tea with milk, a slice of bread with butter.
Lunch: oatmeal porridge in milk (150 g), cranberry juice (can be made from jam) (250 ml).
Dinner: vegetarian vegetable soup (250 ml) with sour cream, a slice of bread, berry compote (250 ml).
afternoon tea: pasta and cottage cheese casserole (150 g), fruit jelly (250 ml).
Dinner: 100 g baked beef, boiled potatoes with carrots (150 g), a glass of mineral water.
Second dinner: not a big bun (not a muffin), a glass of cranberry juice.

Diet for the deposition of urate stones.
Their formation occurs against the background of an excess in the urine of the product of purine metabolism - uric acid, as well as with an acidic reaction of urine. Therefore, the diet in this case provides for a decrease in the diet of foods rich in purine bases, as well as alkalinization of urine. The diet is milky-vegetarian in nature.

Prohibited Products:

• canned food, marinades;
• fish and meat of adult animals (you can eat non-fat varieties boiled three times a week), veal and lamb are excluded;
• sausages and various smoked meats;
• offal (brains, liver, lungs);
• salted cheese;
• animal fats (pork, beef or cooking);
• fish;
• jellies;
• sorrel and spinach, cauliflower, rhubarb and figs;
• rich broths, including mushroom;
• mushrooms;
• legumes;
• alcoholic beverages (especially beer and red wine);
• tea and coffee (sometimes not strong), cocoa and chocolate, cranberry juice.

• cereals (buckwheat, millet, barley groats);
• pasta, bread;
• dried fruits, sweets (except chocolate), honey, jam, marmalade;
• potatoes (especially useful baked or “in uniform”), tomatoes, sweet peppers, eggplants, cucumbers, radishes (especially in combination with honey), beets;
• nuts and seeds;
• milk and dairy products, cottage cheese and mild cheeses;
• eggs;
• any berries and fruits (especially pears, apples, watermelons, apricots and peaches);
• mineral water, lemon juice, fruit drinks, juices (especially carrot);
• dairy and vegetarian soups (on vegetable broth with the addition of boiled meat);
• parsley, dill, green onions;
• in a small amount of spice;
• decoctions of cornflower flowers, clover, blackcurrant leaves, dandelion roots and burdock.

Sample menu for one day with urate kidney stones.
First breakfast: pudding from carrots, millet and apples (a piece of 100 g), a glass of tea with milk, 150 g of vegetable salad (dressing - vegetable oil).
Lunch: rosehip broth (250 ml), bun, but not muffin.
Dinner: 250 ml vermicelli soup with milk, a slice of bread, potato cutlets (150 g), berry compote (250 ml).
afternoon tea: two apples.
Dinner: cabbage rolls with boiled rice and vegetables (200 g), a glass of mineral water.
Second dinner: decoction of wheat bran (250 ml).

Diet in the presence of phosphate stones.
Calcium salts of phosphoric acid (apatites) are formed as a result of impaired phosphorus-calcium metabolism, so the therapeutic diet is aimed at acidifying urine.

Prohibited Products:

• vegetables (including potatoes) and canned vegetables, fruits (juices);
• ice cream;
• milk and dairy products (cottage cheese, cheeses) (arrange calcium days periodically);
• alcohol;
• coffee;
• spices and spicy snacks;
• carbonated drinks;
• salt in any form and salty foods;
• smoked products, salinity, marinades;
• animal fats;
• egg yolk.

• meat and fish (including seafood);
• vegetables (pumpkin, beans, peas, lentils, asparagus, Brussels sprouts);
• sour berries (cranberries, currants, lingonberries);
• pasta, bread and bakery products (except for muffins);
• cereals and soups (vegetable);
• butter and vegetable oil;
• egg white (sometimes);
• liver;
• nuts;
• decoctions of wild rose and fruit drinks (especially from cranberries and lingonberries);
• apples and juices from sour varieties of apples and grapes;
• mineral water;
• herbal infusions or teas (burdock root, madder dye, elecampane, bearberry, lovage, centaury);
• weak meat and mushroom broths;
• moderately sweet;
• salt (10-12 g per day).

Sample menu for phosphaturia (phosphate stones) for one day.
First breakfast: 100 g of buckwheat porridge, a glass of tea, egg white.
Lunch: a glass of rosehip broth, not a bun.
Dinner: a serving of 250 ml soup with meatballs, a slice of bread, a glass of berry compote (you can use dried berries).
afternoon tea: meat cutlet (no more than 100 g), a glass of jelly.
Dinner: 100 g of baked chicken meat, 100 g of boiled rice, a glass of mineral water.
Second dinner: a glass of tea and a grain slice of bread.

Dietary nutrition for urolithiasis is aimed at improving the patient's condition during therapy, after surgery and to prevent the recurrence of the disease. The diet, its duration should be prescribed by the attending physician together with a nutritionist based on the data of the medical examination and the tests obtained.

All pathologies of the urinary system pass with certain features that require a special approach to, as well as additional: special nutrition, exercise therapy, physiotherapy. A special diet during the fight against the disease is very important, because the metabolism of absorption of nutrients and their breakdown passes through the renal system. Diet in diseases, such as: in patients, is needed for recovery. Eating according to the rules of permits and prohibitions prevents the formation of new stone formations.

The causes of the pathology are the wrong lifestyle (bad habits, stress, poor daily routine), inflammatory diseases (cystitis, pyelonephritis), impaired metabolism and the individual tendency of the body to form stones.

Urolithiasis (UCD) occurs due to an increase in the salt concentration in the urine, which accumulates and degenerates into stone formations. Such a pathology is common in many people, can exist secretly for a long time, it can be acute, chronic, can lead to complicated reactions and is characterized by a repetition of processes. All patients with KSD have a peculiarity of the body to the formation of various stones.

Diagnostic studies determine which type of stones are present in the patient: phosphate, urate, oxalate, or mixed. In accordance with the type, there is a choice of a dietary diet prescribed by a doctor.

Proper nutrition in urolithiasis is important and significant - the combination of products affects the educational functional ability of the renal organs, due to the composition of trace elements that are the chemical components of food.

The diet for urolithiasis of the kidneys includes a combination of permitted food products and a mandatory drinking regimen. Such measures prevent the occurrence of stone inclusions, change the composition of urine and remove sediment from the kidneys.

The basics of a diet for pathology

The principles on which the patient should rely on diet therapy according to the ICD are as follows:

1. Drinking regime. It is recommended to drink up to 2.5 liters of purified liquid in case of urolithiasis. It is allowed to take mineral water, rosehip drinks. Tea, compote, juice should be drunk as usual. They do not apply to this item. What kind of mineral water to drink, the doctor will tell you.
2. Fractional food intake. It is necessary to divide the time for eating up to 5 times a day. You have to eat in small portions.
3. Balance and energy value of products. The presence of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the diet is necessary. Kilocalories should not exceed 2000 units per day. The table should be varied.
4. Accounting for concomitant diseases (especially the stomach and intestines). If the patient, in addition to urolithiasis, has pathologies of the digestive tract, then the diet should be corrected by a urologist, gastroenterologist and nutritionist.
5. Saturation with vitamins. The required amount of vitamins in the menu for a week must be present in the patient's diet.

IMPORTANT! Special nutrition for nephrolithiasis helps especially well with urates, and helps to eliminate them. Oxalates, phosphorus and calcium formations cannot be dissolved, here diets for urolithiasis can only prevent the occurrence of fresh stones. Changes in nutrition do not have any effect on the amino acid stone, since it belongs to genetic pathologies.

Schematic examples of nutrition in ICD

Nutrition for urates

Such stones are the result of impaired purine metabolism (excess uric acid), which causes high acidity of the urine. The diet for this type of stone should be aimed at alkalizing the urine and reducing the intake of foods that can cause purine disorders. The emphasis is on dairy and vegetable nutrition. In addition, alkaline mineral water is recommended here for urolithiasis, cranberry, carrot juices. Allowed to drink tea, a small amount of coffee. It is strictly forbidden: alcohol for urolithiasis, in the form of red wine and beer.

As can be seen from the table, the table at the ICD is varied, everyone can choose the dishes that he likes. Some women like to fast and unload. Diet for urolithiasis disease in women with urates allows unloading up to 2 times a week: vegetables, kefir, any fruit. Starving is strictly prohibited, as this can lead to an acetone crisis.

The diet for urolithiasis in men is the same as in the opposite sex. Men love beer very much, but they should know that urolithiasis and beer are incompatible things.

IMPORTANT! Is it possible to eat tomatoes with urolithiasis with urate stones? - Yes, tomatoes are not prohibited, but you should limit yourself to taking ketchups and adjika.

Nutrition for oxalate formations

Oxalates are formed due to excessive intake of oxalic acid, ascorbic acid with food; with a lack of calcium and B-group vitamins.

In urolithiasis, nutrition in patients with such stones should also include a certain table that affects renal metabolism.

The table shows that the table in patients with oxolates is diverse and provides a choice according to preferences. Patients are allowed fasting days with grapes. With urolithiasis, mineral water is recommended by taking up to 2 liters. All types of teas and coffee are allowed to drink only with milk.

IMPORTANT! Answering the question: is it possible for a patient with oxalate stones to drink beer with urolithiasis, it is worth noting that beer is not prohibited in a limited amount, but since it is classified as an alcoholic product, you need to think about what is more important - short-term pleasure or a positive result of therapy. Beer and urolithiasis are not quite compatible things. Only non-alcoholic beer is allowed in small volumes, as a source of B vitamins.

With phosphate stones, the same products are allowed and prohibited as with oxolate ones. The table is the same. Prohibitions can be extended to all vegetables and canned food with them, fruits, egg yolk, ice cream, alcohol and coffee. Cowberry and cranberry fruit drinks will be especially useful here.

The dietary course for patients with KSD should be aimed at improving the patient's condition and helping to stop the recurrence of the disease. Especially useful is therapeutic nutrition after operations to remove stones. Patients should adhere to the rules for taking the products indicated in the tables above. This will serve as a preventive measure to prevent the formation of fresh stones.

Kidney stones are formed when metabolic processes are disturbed. Of course, stones can be removed by surgery, but this does not change the metabolism. Therefore, proper nutrition is of particular, preventive importance in urolithiasis: it is possible to prevent the formation of kidney stones with the help of a diet. What are the symptoms and proper nutrition for urolithiasis, we will consider in this material.

Disease symptoms.

Urolithiasis is the formation of stones in the urinary tract and kidneys as a result of a congenital metabolic disorder. Various links of metabolism can be disturbed, therefore, different stones are formed. In violation of the metabolism of oxalic acid, oxalates are formed, calcium and phosphorus - calcium phosphates, uric acid - urates. Sometimes the nature of the stones is mixed (conglomerates of 2-3 different salts).

Factors that can become a prerequisite for stone formation: the composition of water in a certain area (it may contain, for example, a lot of calcium), hot climate or, on the contrary, lack of sunny days a year, diet, lack of minerals and vitamins in food, diseases of the skeletal system, bone fractures, dehydration, diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract.

Stones can form in the bladder and ureters, in the pelvis of the kidneys, and manifest as pain in the thigh, on one side of the lower back, in the abdomen, frequent urination, passing small stones and sand in the urine, blood in the urine. Attacks of renal colic are characteristic - cramping sharp pains where the stone blocked the lumen of the urinary tract. Almost always, urolithiasis is accompanied by an inflammatory process in the urinary tract and kidneys.

Nutrition in illness.

Metabolism is carried out due to the intake and processing of fluids and nutrients that enter the body with food. Therefore, patients with urolithiasis in their diet should take into account the composition of stones, the acidity of urine and the characteristics of metabolism. To do this, you must follow the following rules:

1. Every day you should drink an increased amount of fluid to reduce the concentration of urine and the excretion of salts along with it;

2. if there is a certain family metabolic disorder (for example, gout), then it is worth limiting the intake of substances from food, from which stones are formed in the urinary tract;

3. food should create in the body a predominantly acidic or alkaline reaction of urine (this depends on the nature of the stones: some dissolve better in an acidic environment, others in an alkaline one);

4. Do not overeat, this disrupts metabolic processes.

Any diets are prescribed for a limited period of time, the duration of which is set by the doctor. Prolonged restriction in any products can cause irreversible harm to the body.

5. Diet for patients with urolithiasis with impaired uric acid metabolism.

When uric acid metabolism is disturbed, gout develops, which leads to changes in the joints. In the kidneys, urates are formed - stones from uric acid salts. To prevent stone formation, it is necessary to exclude from the diet of the patient foods rich in purine bases, from which uric acid is formed in the body. These are meat and fish broths, fish, meat of young animals, organ meats, mushrooms, peanuts, legumes, cauliflower.

Urate is formed during the acidic reaction of urine, therefore, its alkalization is required, this happens when eating dairy and vegetable foods, as well as alkaline drinking (slightly alkaline mineral water.

Diet for patients with urolithiasis with metabolic disorders of oxalic acid.

Violation of the metabolism of oxalic acid leads to the formation in the urinary tract of its salts - oxalates. Their formation does not depend on the acidity of urine. With this metabolic disorder, it is necessary to exclude foods containing oxalic acid from the diet (chocolate, cocoa, figs, lettuce, spinach, all dairy products), and limit the use of foods containing a lot of vitamin C (citrus fruits, rose hips, etc.). All dishes based on gelatin (jelly, jelly), smoked, spicy dishes, seasonings, salt are also limited.

In small quantities, the use of tomatoes, onions, potatoes, beets, carrots, blueberries and currants is allowed. Other fruits and vegetables can be eaten without restrictions. Contribute to the cleansing of the body from oxalates dogwood, grapes, apples, pears, plums.

The formation of oxalate stones is quite often combined with a lack of magnesium in the body. Therefore, we can recommend foods enriched with magnesium: shrimp, some varieties of fish (sea bass, carp, flounder), bananas. Foods rich in vitamin A (fish caviar, fish oil) and B6 (shrimp, bananas) have a positive effect. Liquid must be taken in large quantities - juices, compotes, tea, water, etc.

Diet for patients with urolithiasis with impaired metabolism of phosphoric acid.

In violation of phosphorus-calcium metabolism, an increased release of phosphoric acid occurs with the formation of stones in the urinary system. Insoluble salts are precipitated when the urine is alkaline, so food is required to acidify the urine. The diet should contain fats of vegetable and animal origin, fish, meat, eggs, peas, beans, oatmeal and buckwheat cereals, fruits (apples), berries (lingonberries, cranberries) and some vegetables (pumpkin).

All other fruits and vegetables, milk and dairy products are excluded from the diet. With this diet, many restrictions are expected, therefore, in addition to it, the intake of vitamin-mineral complexes that do not contain vitamin D is recommended.