Professional burnout and its prevention. Changes in the field of human behavior. What is burnout

The data obtained as a result of the study clearly show the need for individual and group work of a corrective nature in a team. To do this, it is necessary to practically test specific techniques that help relieve psycho-emotional stress.

To prevent or reduce the signs of professional burnout syndrome, it is important for a social worker to create a harmonious system of relations as a social development situation that is quite adequate to the tasks of each stage of development, thereby ensuring the preservation of the mental health of all participants in the production process.

Also, indicators such as social and professional support, reliable friends and understanding from family members significantly reduce the risk of burnout. In general, reducing the risk of burnout can be achieved through various types of social support.

The development of preventive strategies to help "burnout" employees is a significant and promising area that allows you to save the personnel potential of the organization.

Key personal characteristics that prevent burnout include:

· high activity;

the ability to maintain one's behavior in a manner that reduces the impact of stress, incl. the ability to defend one's interests and, if necessary, ask for help (coping);

Have optimism and a sense of humour;

positive thinking;

awareness (the desire to reflect on the events happening to a person, his own behavior and style of thinking);

flexible thinking and ability to be creative;

self-love and adequately high self-esteem.

Prevention of burnout, which currently exists, consists of three main areas of work, these are:

Organization of activities.

The percentage of “burnout” growth among employees can be significantly reduced if the administration takes measures that provide opportunities for professional growth, establishing a friendly atmosphere in the team, and increasing personal and group motivation of employees. A clear distribution of responsibilities and thoughtful job descriptions also have a positive effect on the organization of work. In this regard, it should be noted that the organization of a healthy climate in the relationship of employees of the organization is not just an important, but a necessary step that must be taken without fail.

Also, basic time management techniques should be introduced into educational programs, employees should be familiarized with techniques that increase personal confidence, and basic information should be conveyed about the methods and techniques of relaxation and stress relief.

In terms of preventing burnout, the organization of the workplace and time is of great importance. In this area, it is necessary to consider the issues of creating favorable conditions during the working day, including such as the level of provision with various reference materials, manuals and periodicals necessary for work, library staffing, and technical equipment. The room in which work activities are carried out must also comply with certain rules that can positively affect labor efficiency. These rules include norms of sanitary and hygienic requirements for room illumination, temperature, room furnishing, etc. Also of great importance is the presence of a comfortable environment necessary for a full break and relaxation.

Improving the psychological climate in the team.

Another direction in the prevention of the "burnout" syndrome is the creation of a psychologically comfortable environment in the professional group. The latter implies the formation of a close-knit team consisting of people who are able to function as a single whole organism and provide each other with the necessary help and support. A significant factor that violates a healthy psychological atmosphere in the team is low material security, in connection with which a person does not have the opportunity to participate in various cultural and entertainment events. Trips to fresh air and nature, visiting the theater and cinema also require time and financial costs, which for most social workers are significantly below the required norm. However, the solution to this issue exists, and it must be sought in the expansion of the spiritual sphere of man (outlook, aesthetic needs), the latter leads to greater tolerance and mutual understanding. In this aspect, the organization of team-building trainings plays a significant role.

In addition, it should be taken into account that the activity of a social worker is largely based on his personal enthusiasm. In this regard, the ability to make decisions independently plays a significant role. That is why the main focus in the system of interpersonal communications must be shifted from external control to the personal conscience of each person.

The well-known St. Petersburg psychotherapist A.V. Gnezdilov, discussing the topic of professional burnout, wrote: “The desire for professional improvement, attention to one’s own aesthetic needs, constant awareness of the need to do good will help create the atmosphere in which it is possible to stop many stressful reactions.” See: Gnezdilov A.V. Psychology and psychotherapy of losses. St. Petersburg: Rech Publishing House. 2004. - 162 p.

Work with individual characteristics.

Psychological work with social workers should include three main areas corresponding to the identified aspects of burnout.

The first direction is to develop creative thinking among social professionals, since one of the symptoms of burnout is the inertia of thinking and the inability to respond flexibly to ongoing changes. Creativity, which includes such qualities as the development of imagination, the presence of a sense of humor, the speed and originality of the way of thinking, is a powerful factor in the development of a person, showing her ability to change and abandon formed stereotypes and beliefs.

The second direction is to level the negative personal and professional factors that contribute to the occurrence of professional burnout. Speaking about this aspect, it should be noted that it is necessary to carry out comprehensive work aimed at developing the ability of employees to diplomatically resolve difficult situations of a conflict nature and come to a compromise and mutually beneficial solution. Also an important role is played by the ability of competent goal-setting and flexibility in the process of achieving the goal. The last quality involves a productive revision of the system of values ​​and personal motives, if they can have a negative impact on professional and personal growth.

To achieve this goal, it is good to use trainings, for example, trainings for increasing personal confidence, revealing personality, developing decision-making skills.

The third direction should be aimed at relieving employees of stressful conditions that arise in employees in connection with intense activities, the formation of self-regulation skills, training in relaxation techniques and control of their own physical and mental state, and increasing stress resistance. See: Zborovskaya I.V. Self-regulation of the teacher's mental stability // Applied Psychology. 2001, No. 6, S.55-65.

The process of self-regulation can occur as arbitrarily, i.e. with the participation of the conscious part of the "I", and involuntarily, when it comes to the functioning of natural natural mechanisms. Arbitrary self-regulation is also called mental, which is achieved through natural or specially designed techniques and methods of self-regulation. Thus, we can talk about a purposeful change, both in individual psychophysiological functions and in the psychoemotional state as a whole.

Most people, when they are tired, resort to such natural ways of self-regulation as long sleep, walks in the fresh air, playing sports, attending recreational activities completely unconsciously. However, these tools are absolutely inapplicable in the working environment, in a situation where fatigue and stress have already accumulated. But, nevertheless, we can say that there are still techniques that can be applied in the process of work. Social workers use some of these techniques, but they usually do it intuitively, unconsciously. In this regard, it is important:

Understand what natural mechanisms for relieving stress, discharging and increasing vitality the employee already owns, but does it haphazardly, from time to time, not realizing that they have a positive effect on his work;

understand them;

move from spontaneous application of natural methods of regulation to conscious use in order to manage one's condition;

To master the techniques of mental self-regulation and self-influence.

Professional burnout is the worst scourge of employees of any position. Taking into account the current market situation, financial instability, ever-increasing competition, more and more emotional stresses and increasing demands are falling on hired personnel every day. At some point, a person may stop coping with this burden. You can leave any boring job, but you won’t be able to get away from yourself.

Consider the features of the syndrome of professional (emotional) burnout (SEB) and its main causes. For some categories of employees, it is especially characteristic. Let us analyze how this unpleasant and psychologically unsafe state can be avoided.

What does "burn out" mean?

Syndrome of emotional, or professional, burnout- This is a psychological problem, which consists in a gradually increasing depletion of a person's energy and indifference to the performance of professional duties. In simple words, a person does not want to work at all, and the usual motivational factors cease to stimulate him.

As a rule, the state of burnout begins with almost imperceptible “bells”, increases gradually, and when it strikes in full force, it is rather difficult to correct, and the damage from a decrease in the efficiency of a particular employee can be expressed in the form of a significant “lost profit”.

REFERENCE! The term "burnout syndrome" ("BS") was introduced in 1974 by the American psychologist Freudenberger. Today, this condition is a recognized medical diagnosis.

Signs of burnout

In any job, an employee faces constant stress. If he responds to them adequately and even learns, increasing efficiency, this is a positive reaction. But if there are too many stresses, they are unbearable for a person or are aggravated by personal factors, a gradual development of an adverse reaction to them is possible. A burnt-out employee is characterized by:

• increased irritability or, conversely, muffled reactions;
• fast fatiguability;
• difficulties at the time of starting work or switching activities;
• the appearance of a negative attitude towards colleagues and / or clients;
• decrease in self-esteem;
• often for no reason a bad mood, pessimism, signs of depression;
• worsening health indicators (migraines, pressure fluctuations, problems with the heart and vessels, neuralgia, poor sleep, etc.).

Stages of burnout syndrome

There are three aggravated stages of emotional burnout.

1. Emotional lift. The sphere of feelings experienced in relation to work undergoes gradual changes:
   • the sharpness of experiences is smoothed out, the feeling of novelty, joy is erased, an inner feeling of emptiness arises and grows with the external “normality” of the situation;
   • less and less positive emotions are experienced, not only at work, but also in the family;
   • internal dissatisfaction grows, I want everyone to be left alone.
2. Loneliness among people. The internal state begins to break into professional activity:
   • an employee may make inexplicable errors in tasks that he previously easily coped with;
   • the employee begins to experience an incomprehensible antipathy to the people with whom he has to communicate at work;
   • when communicating with clients and colleagues, tension slips, sometimes breaking through outbursts of irritability.
3. Disease of the soul and body. When the problem reaches this stage, it manifests itself not only in internal sensations and behavior, but also in somatic health:
   • emotions are dulled, significant things are depreciated, a person becomes indifferent even to the moments of his own life;
   • the absence of a "glitter in the eyes" even with retained external respectability;
   • ailments begin at the physical level (psychosomatic disorders).

Employees most prone to burnout syndrome

Professions are different, the level of stress in different jobs is also different. There are professions where professional burnout, unfortunately, is most often just a matter of time and specific stress resistance of an individual.

Professions that require close interaction with other people fall into the zone of greatest risk, especially when you have to help people in difficult, problematic, emotionally difficult situations:

• doctors;
• teachers;
• psychologists;
• social workers;
• employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, etc.

ATTENTION! In fact, SEB can happen to a person in any position. It all depends on the level of stress that is “on the shoulder” of one or another psychotype. Emotional, dynamic, energetic workers are more prone to burnout than pedantic and thorough ones. And perfectionists take the biggest risk.

Causes of SEV

The root cause, unsustainable levels of stress, can be triggered by a variety of factors. Among them are obvious, lying on the surface, and hidden, but nevertheless active.

Explicit Causes professional burnout:

• monotonous monotonous work;
• permanent deadlines;
• working closely with people;
• permanent increase in mental load;
• suppression of work initiatives;
• lack of prospects for growth and self-expression;
• difficult situation in the work team and interaction with superiors.

Mediated factors emotional burnout:

• lack of time planning and self-organization;
• non-compliance with the regime of work and rest;
• motivational problems (lack of goals);
• “excellent student syndrome” (the desire to do everything perfectly, as a result of overstrain and disappointment);
• work in a psychologically “non-environmentally friendly” mode (fraud, deception of colleagues, clients and relatives, the need to hide something or perform various frauds);
• work contrary to life's calling.

NOTE! All the reasons that cause professional burnout syndrome in an employee in any position can be reduced to one of two factors: emotional exhaustion or professional "ceiling".

10 tips to prevent burnout at work

Like any serious disorder, EBS is much easier to prevent than to correct later. There are no universal methods of prevention, as well as struggle, because the problem is too tied to personal characteristics. A number of effective measures can be proposed, among which it is necessary to choose the most effective:

1. At work, "rent yourself out" - don't live by work, taking everything related to work to heart, leave room for other emotions.
2. Distribute the workload evenly, correctly alternate the time of work and rest.
3. Try to periodically change activities: the best rest is a change of action.
4. Be aware that it is impossible to be the best in the world, leave yourself the right to make mistakes.
5. Review your professional and personal goals, if they are not there, set them.
6. Learn to delegate responsibility, and not take everything on yourself.
7. Take care of a positive self-image.
8. Do not be indifferent to your health: provide a healthy diet, physical activity, adequate sleep.
9. Communicate with pleasant, positive people, with successful colleagues, spend enough time with your family.
10. Take responsibility for your condition and resistance to stress: develop your own methods of relaxation, emotional recharging, psychological protection.

Krasnodar region

Tikhoretsk

______________________________________________

Municipal educational institution

secondary school No. 2

Tikhoretsk municipality

on the prevention of the syndrome of professional burnout of a teacher

D for everyone who loves his job, takes care of himself

and my colleagues and experts...

Socio-psychological

2016

How to Avoid Emotional Burnout

What to do if you notice the first signs of burnout?

Do's and Don'ts of Burnout

Specific self-help techniques

Learn to live with humor

Express tricks to relieve emotional stress

Attachment 1. Diagnosis of emotional burnout of a person (V. V. Boyko).

How to Avoid Emotional Burnout

“The free time of a teacher is the root that feeds the branches of pedagogical creativity,” wrote V.A. Sukhomlinsky. Eternally busy teachers rarely read bestsellers, do not watch sensational films, performances, and ... gradually lose their taste for it. The result can be a loss of respect from students. The students consider such a teacher to be hopelessly behind the times, and then transfer their conclusion to the subject that he teaches.

WHAT TO DO IF YOU SEE THE FIRST SIGNS OF BURNOUT?

First of all, acknowledge that they are.

Those who help other people tend to deny their own psychological predicament. It’s hard to admit to yourself: “I suffer from professional burnout.” Moreover, in difficult life situations, internal unconscious defense mechanisms are activated. Among them are rationalization, repression of traumatic events, "petrification" of feelings and body.

L People often evaluate these manifestations incorrectly - as a sign of their own "strength". Some protect themselves from their own difficult conditions and problems by getting active, they try not to think about them (remember Scarlet with her "I'll think about it tomorrow"?) and give themselves completely to work, helping other people. Helping others can really bring relief for a while. However, only for a while. After all, overactivity is harmful if it diverts attention from the help that you yourself need. Remember: blocking out your feelings and being overactive can slow down your recovery process.

Firstly your condition can be relieved by physical and emotional support from other people. Don't give up on her. Discuss your situation with those who, having had a similar experience, feel good.

For a professional, it is appropriate and useful to work with a professionally more experienced person (in our case, a senior educator, a colleague working with you in the same group), who, if necessary, helps in professional and personal improvement, discussing difficult working moments. In the course of such a discussion, learning and development takes place, which help to get out of burnout.

Secondly , after hours you need privacy. In order to cope with your feelings, you need to find an opportunity to be alone, without family and close friends.

WHAT TO DO AND WHAT NOT TO DO IN THE BURNOUT

NOT hide your feelings. Show your emotions and let your friends discuss them with you.

NOT avoid talking about what happened. Take every opportunity to review your experience alone or with others.

NOT let your feelings of embarrassment stop you when others give you a chance to speak or offer help.

NOT expect the severe burnout symptoms to go away on their own. If you do not take action, they will visit you for a long time.

Set aside enough time for sleep, rest, reflection.

Be direct, clear, and honest about your desires by talking about them with family, friends, and at work.

Try to keep your life as normal as possible.

Dear colleague!

For the future, it is worth observing some safety rules when communicating with people who need your help and sympathy. This will allow you not only to maintain your own health, but to perform your professional duties more efficiently.

1. Half of the attention is on yourself.

Signs you can't ignore.

Increased heart rate

uncontrollable shivering

Unmotivated irritation

Uncontrollable or inappropriate tears, crying

Inability to act, stupor, confusion

Unexpected inner restlessness, increased level of anxiety

Exhaustion, instant loss of interest in what is happening

First aid yourself.

It's time to learn ways to self-regulate. Here is some of them:

Methods related to breath control

Method 1.

Imagine that a fluff is hanging in front of your nose at a distance of 10-15 cm.

Breathe only through your nose and so smoothly that the fluff does not sway.

Method 2.

Since in a situation of irritation, anger, we forget to exhale normally:

exhale deeply;

hold your breath for as long as you can;

take a few deep breaths;

hold your breath again.

Methods associated with the impact of the word.

Method 1. Self-orders

self-order is a short, curt order made to oneself. Use a self-order when you are convinced that you need to behave in a certain way, but are having trouble doing it.

“Talk calmly!”, “Be silent, be silent!”, “Do not succumb to provocation!” - it helps to restrain emotions, behave with dignity, comply with the requirements of ethics and the rules of working with clients.

Formulate a self-order.

Mentally repeat it several times. If possible, repeat it out loud.

Method 2. Self-programming

In many situations, it is advisable to "look back", recall your successes in similar circumstances. Past successes tell a person about his capabilities, about hidden reserves in the spiritual, intellectual, volitional spheres and inspire confidence in his abilities.

Think back to a time when you faced similar challenges.

Formulate the text of the program, to enhance the effect, you can use the words " exactly today »:

« It is today that I will succeed”;

“It is today that I will be the most calm and self-possessed”;

“It is today that I will be resourceful and confident”;

“It gives me pleasure to conduct a conversation in a calm and confident voice, to show an example of endurance and self-control.”

Mentally repeat it several times.

Method 3. Self-approval (self-encouragement)

People often do not receive a positive assessment of their behavior from the outside. Especially in situations of increased neuropsychic stress, this is one of the reasons for the increase in nervousness and irritation. Therefore, it is important to encourage yourself.

In the case of even minor successes, it is advisable to praise yourself, mentally saying: "Well done! Clever!”, “I did great!”

Find an opportunity to praise yourself during the working day at least 3-5 times.

SPECIFIC SELF-SUPPORT TECHNIQUES

1. Reception "Evening review of events" (for those who work with people, the most destructive principle is “I will think about it tomorrow.” Do not work through the experiences of the day, move away from thinking about them, be hyperactive at work (for example, working both during the day, at work, and at night - at home, at the computer) is extremely harmful to us).

2. Visualization: mental representation, playback, vision of oneself in a situation that has not yet occurred - this is a technique that helps to build reality. A person imagines himself doing (or having) what he aspires to, and - gets what he wants. (10 minutes before bed and 10 minutes in the morning. 20 minutes total!)

3. Self-help technique. "Recognition of one's merits"

Helps with excessive self-criticism. One of the antidotes is to realize that you, like other people, cannot and should not be perfect. But you are good enough to live, be happy and, of course, be successful.

And now - a self-sustaining technique (women will take it faster than men!).

Every day when you stand in front of the mirror and get ready for work, look confidently in the mirror, straight into your own eyes, and say at least three times: "I'm certainly not perfect, but good enough (good)!". That being said, it's nice if you smile at yourself!

Another important condition is the existence of a separation between work and home, between professional and private life. Burnout intensifies whenever the boundaries between them begin to blur, and work takes up most of life. It is absolutely essential for the psychological well-being of educators to limit their work to the limits of reason and not allow them to extend it to home life. The family problems that result from burnout can be alleviated by "de-routine" when people purposefully participate in special activities that are completely unrelated to work, which allow them to relax, stop thinking about work before they get home. Sometimes it can be physical exercise or seclusion for a while in the park to reflect, or just a hot bath.

Health to you, mental and physical!

Learn to live with humor

“Humor is the salt of life,” said K. Capek, “who is better salted, lives longer.” A humorous attitude to an event is incompatible with heightened anxiety about its impact on our lives. Therefore, laughter protects us from excessive tension. Humor enables a person to increase the distance in relation to anything, including himself, i.e. facilitates self-detachment.

FROM
fur is an outlet. Having laughed at something, a person feels freer. He is freed from the fear of a problem that begins to look simple and surmountable. The person begins to feel like a master of the situation.

Many try to be in time everywhere, to do more than they can. Slow down your pace! It is wiser to do less, but better than a lot, but bad, and then also worry about this “bad”.

Try to survive failure without harming your health. Problems and difficulties can affect everyone, this is the norm of life. They do not indicate weakness or decline in professionalism - these are features of the activities of specialists in "helping" professions. Remember the psychological rule: life is rhythmic, ups and downs alternate.

The risk of burnout is mitigated by a stable and attractive job that provides opportunities for creativity, professional and personal growth; satisfaction with the quality of life in its various aspects; the presence of diverse interests, promising life plans.

Optimistic and cheerful people who are able to successfully overcome life's hardships and age-related crises “burn out” less often. Those who take an active life position and turn to a creative search for a solution when faced with difficult circumstances, own the means of mental self-regulation, take care of replenishing their psychoenergetic and socio-psychological resources.

Strong social, professional support, a circle of reliable friends and family support reduce the risk of burnout.

In the work on the prevention of emotional burnout, the primary role should be given to the development and strengthening of cheerfulness, faith in people, and constant confidence in the success of the business that you have undertaken.

Success in life doesn't come easy. But the difficulties should not be regarded as irreparable catastrophes. What can be corrected. But no - and there is no trial, as they say among the people. Great wisdom is contained in the sayings:

"Life is 10% what you do in it and 90% how you perceive it"

"If you can't change the situation, change your attitude towards it."

Express tricks to relieve emotional stress

Clasp your hands behind your back. Since negative emotions “live” on the neck below the back of the head and on the shoulders, tighten your arms and back, stretch, relax your shoulders and arms. Release tension from your hands.

Place your hands in a lock in front of you. Stretch, straining your shoulders and arms, relax, shake your hands (during sipping, the "hormone of happiness" is released).

Smile! Fix a smile on your face for 10 - 15 seconds. Smiling relaxes many more muscles than normal. Feel the grace that spreads throughout the body from a smile. Save this state.

An effective means of relieving tension is relaxation against the background of yogic breathing: sit freely on a chair, close your eyes and listen to your breathing: calm, even. Breathe according to the “4 + 4 + 4” pattern: four seconds for inhalation, four for holding the breath, four for exhalation. Do this three times, listening to the breath, feeling how the air fills the lungs, scatters through the body to the fingertips, frees the lungs. There should be no other thoughts.

The most powerful and often overlooked means of getting rid of emotional stress is the human mind. The main thing is a person's attitude to the fact that life is beautiful and amazing, that we have a brain to think, dream, improve ourselves; eyes - to see the beauty around: nature, beautiful faces, man-made masterpieces; hearing - to hear the beautiful: music, birds, the rustle of leaves. We can create, move, love, get a lot of pleasure from what gives life at every step. The only question is whether we are able to notice all this, to feel, whether we are able to rejoice. The main thing is setting for joy.

Wise of the Earth. (Mudra is a special position of the fingers on the background of meditation, which closes and directs the biological energy of a person.) Fold the thumb and ring fingers into a ring, straighten the rest. Close your eyes. Freeze. This mudra improves the psychophysical state of the body, relieves stress, and increases self-esteem.

Mudra "Stairs of the Heavenly Temple". It relieves depression, improves mood, relieves a state of hopelessness and melancholy. Fold your fingers in the form of a ladder: thumb to thumb, index to index, middle to middle, ring to ring, straighten your little fingers and meditate for a few minutes. Tell yourself that you are the most balanced person. Smile!

Muscular discharge of negative emotions (hiking, exercise). For example: for 10 minutes in the morning and evening (to the music, as if dancing), while standing, rhythmically lifting your heels off the floor, turn on your toes 90 degrees to the left, to the right, while twisting at the waist around its axis as much as possible and making swings when turning hands and blinking. This is a remedy for neuropsychic overstrain, to improve mood and performance (from alternative Indian medicine).

Keep in mind that stress is less likely to "stick" to a person who knows how to fool around, or, as they say, "play the fool." For example, box at home with an imaginary opponent, make a face for yourself in front of a mirror, put on something extravagant, play with your child's toy...

One of the biologically active points, pressing on which calms the nervous system, is located in the center of the lower part of the chin, the other is on the back of the right and left hands between the thumb and forefinger, and closer to the index finger. Press both on one and the other point with the tip of the thumb with oscillatory movements, first slightly, then stronger (until mild pain appears) for at least 3 minutes.

Music is one of the components of the correction of psychological and physiological processes.

with overwork and nervous exhaustion - “Morning” by Grieg, “Polonaise” by Oginsky;

with an oppressed melancholic mood - the ode "To Joy" by Beethoven, "Ave Maria" by Schubert,

with pronounced irritability, anger - "Sentimental Waltz" by Tchaikovsky;

with a decrease in concentration - "The Seasons" by Tchaikovsky, "Dreams" by Schumann;

relaxing action - "Swan" by Saint-Saens, "Barcarole" by Tchaikovsky;

tonic effect - Kalman's Chardash, Rodriguez's Kumparsita, Legrand's Cherbourg Umbrellas.

Attachment 1

Determine the level of your emotional state

Diagnostics of emotional burnout of a personality (V.V. Boyko)

Instruction. If you are a professional in any area of ​​interaction with people, you will be interested to see to what extent you have developed psychological protection in the form of emotional "burnout". Read the sentences and answer yes or no. Please note that if the wording of the questionnaire refers to partners, then the subjects of your professional activity are meant - patients, clients, consumers, customers, students and other people with whom you work daily.

Questionnaire

Organizational shortcomings at work constantly make you nervous, worried, tense.

Today I am satisfied with my profession no less than at the beginning of my career.

I made a mistake in choosing a profession or profile of activity (I take the wrong place).

What worries me is that I began to work worse (less productively, qualitatively, more slowly).

The warmth of interaction with partners is very dependent on my mood - good or bad.

The well-being of partners depends little on me as a professional.

When I come home from work, for some time (2-3 hours) I want to be alone so that no one communicates with me.

When I feel tired or tense, I try to quickly solve the partner's problems (curtail the interaction).

It seems to me that emotionally I cannot give my partners what professional duty requires.

My work dulls the emotions.

I'm frankly tired of the human problems you have to deal with at work.

Sometimes I have trouble falling asleep (sleep) because of work-related worries.

Interaction with partners requires a lot of stress from me.

Working with people brings less and less satisfaction.

I would change jobs if given the opportunity.

I am often frustrated that I cannot properly provide professional support, service, help to a partner.

I always manage to prevent the influence of a bad mood on business contacts.

It makes me very sad if something goes wrong in a relationship with a business partner.

I get so tired at work that at home I try to communicate as little as possible.

Due to lack of time, fatigue or stress, I often pay less attention to my partner than I should.

Sometimes the most ordinary situations of communication at work cause irritation.

I calmly accept the justified claims of partners.

Communication with partners prompted me to avoid people.

When I think about some work colleagues or partners, my mood spoils.

Conflicts or disagreements with colleagues take a lot of energy and emotions.

I find it increasingly difficult to establish or maintain contacts with business partners.

The situation at work seems to me very difficult, difficult.

I often have anxious expectations related to work: something must happen, how not to make a mistake, whether I can do everything right, whether they will be laid off, etc.

If a partner is unpleasant to me, I try to limit the time of communication with him or pay less attention to him.

In communication at work, I adhere to the principle: "Do not do good to people, you will not get evil."

I like to tell my family about my work.

There are days when my emotional state has a bad effect on the results of my work (I do less, quality decreases, conflicts happen).

Sometimes I feel that I need to show emotional responsiveness to my partner, but I can’t.

I am very concerned about my work.

You give attention and care to your work partners more than you receive gratitude from them.

When I think about work, I usually feel uneasy: it starts to prick in the heart area, blood pressure rises, and a headache appears.

I have a good (quite satisfactory) relationship with my immediate supervisor.

I often rejoice when I see that my work benefits people.

Lately (or always) I've been plagued by failures at work.

Some aspects (facts) of my work cause deep disappointment, plunge into despondency.

There are days when contacts with partners are worse than usual.

I divide business partners (subjects of activity) into "good" and "bad".

Fatigue from work leads to the fact that I try to reduce communication with friends and acquaintances.

I usually take an interest in the partner's personality outside of the business.

Usually I come to work rested, refreshed, in a good mood.

I sometimes find myself working with partners automatically, without a soul.

At work, you meet such unpleasant people that you involuntarily wish them something bad.

After communicating with unpleasant partners, I sometimes have a deterioration in physical or mental well-being.

At work, I experience constant physical or psychological overload.

Success at work inspires me.

The work situation I find myself in seems hopeless (almost hopeless).

I lost my temper due to work.

During the last year there was a complaint (there were complaints) addressed to me by a partner (s).

I manage to save my nerves due to the fact that I don’t take much of what happens with my partners to heart.

I often bring home negative emotions from work.

I often work by force.

Before, I was more responsive and attentive to partners than now.

In working with people, I am guided by the principle: "Do not waste your nerves, take care of your health."

Sometimes I go to work with a heavy feeling: I’m tired of everything, I wouldn’t see or hear anyone.

After a busy day at work, I feel unwell.

The contingent of partners I work with is very difficult.

Sometimes it seems to me that the results of my work are not worth the effort that I spend.

If I had luck with my job, I would be happier.

I am frustrated because I have serious problems at work.

Sometimes I do things to my partners that I don't want to be treated.

I condemn partners who count on special indulgence, attention.

Most of the time I don't have the energy to do household chores after a day at work.

Usually I hurry time: I wish the working day would end soon.

Conditions, requests, needs of partners usually genuinely concern me.

When working with people, I usually put up a screen that protects from other people's suffering and negative emotions.

Working with people (partners) was very disappointing for me.

To restore my strength, I often take medication.

As a rule, my working day passes calmly and easily.

My requirements for the work performed are higher than what I achieve due to circumstances.

My career has been successful.

I am very nervous about everything related to work.

Some of my regular partners I would not like to see and hear.

I approve of colleagues who devote themselves entirely to people (partners), forgetting about their own interests.

My fatigue at work usually has little (or no) effect on my interactions with family and friends.

If an opportunity is given, I pay less attention to my partner, but in such a way that he does not notice it.

I am often let down by nerves in dealing with people at work.

In everything (almost everything) that happens at work, I have lost interest, a lively feeling.

Working with people had a bad effect on me as a professional - it pissed me off, made me nervous, dulled my emotions.

Working with people is clearly undermining my health.

Processing and interpretation of results

Each answer option is preliminarily assessed by competent judges with one or another number of points (indicated in the key next to the number of the judgment in brackets). This is done because the features included in a symptom have different meanings in determining its severity. The maximum score (10 points) was given by the judges to the sign that is most indicative of the symptom.

In accordance with the key, the following calculations are carried out:

the sum of points is determined separately for each of the 12 symptoms of "burnout",

the sum of symptom scores is calculated for each of the three phases of the formation of "burnout",

the final indicator of the emotional "burnout" syndrome is found - the sum of the indicators of all 12 symptoms.

VOLTAGE

1. Experience of traumatic circumstances:

1(2), +13(3), +25(2), -37(3), +49(10), +61,(5), -73(5)

2. Dissatisfaction with oneself:

2(3), +14(2), +26(2), -38(10), -50(5), +62(5), +74(5),

3. "Caged":

3(10), +15(5), +27(2), +39(2), +51(5), +63(1), -75(5)

4. Anxiety and depression:

4(2), +16(3), +28(5), +40(5), +52(10), +64(2), +76(3)

RESISTANCE

5(5); -17(3), +29(10), +41(2), +53(2), +65(3), +77(5)

2. Emotional and moral disorientation:

6(10), -18(3), +30(3), +42(5), +54(2), +66(2), -78(5)

3. Expanding the scope of saving emotions:

7(2), +19(10), -31(2), +43(5), +55(3), +67(3), -79(5)

4. Reduction of professional duties:

8(5), +20(5), +32(2), -44(2), +56(3), +68(3), +80(10)

EXHAUSTATION

1. Emotional deficit:

9(3), +21(2), +33(5), -45(5), +57(3), -69(10), +81(2)

2. Emotional detachment:

10(2), +22(3), -34(2), +46(3), +58(5),+70(5), +82(10)

3. Personal detachment (depersonalization):

11(5),+23(3),+35(3),+47(5),+59(5),+72(2),+83(10)

4. Psychosomatic and psychovegetative disorders:

12(3), +24(2), +36(5), +48(3), +60(2), +72(10), +84(5)

The proposed method gives a detailed picture of the emotional "burnout" syndrome. First of all, you need to pay attention to the individual symptoms. The severity of each symptom ranges from 0 to 30 points:

9 points or less- an unresolved symptom

10-15 points- developing symptom

16 or more- formed.

Symptoms with indicators 20 or more points refer to the dominant ones in the phase or in the entire syndrome of emotional "burnout".

The technique allows you to see the leading symptoms of "burnout" It is essential to note which phase of stress formation dominating symptoms belong to and in which phase they are the largest number.

The next step in interpreting the results of the survey is understanding the indicators of the phases of stress development - tension, resistance and exhaustion. In each of them, the assessment is possible in the range from 0 to 120 points. However, the comparison of the scores obtained for the phases is invalid, because it does not indicate their relative role or contribution to the syndrome. The fact is that the phenomena measured in them are significantly different - the reaction to external and internal factors, methods of psychological protection, the state of the nervous system. By quantitative indicators, it is legitimate to judge only how much each phase has formed, which phase has formed to a greater or lesser extent:

36 points or less- the phase is not formed;

37-60 points- phase in the formation stage;

61 or more points- formed phase.

Using the semantic content and quantitative indicators calculated for different phases of the formation of the "burnout" syndrome, it is possible to give a fairly voluminous description of the personality and, no less important, outline individual measures for prevention and psychocorrection. The following questions are highlighted:

what symptoms dominate;

what prevailing and dominant symptoms accompany exhaustion;

whether exhaustion (if it is detected) is explained by the factors of professional activity included in the symptoms of "burnout", or by subjective factors;

what symptom (what symptoms) aggravates the emotional state of the person most of all;

in what directions it is necessary to influence the production environment in order to reduce nervous tension;

what signs and aspects of the behavior of the personality itself are subject to correction so that emotional "burnout" does not harm her, her professional activities and partners.

“There is a position, and the money is paid ... And the work is already here!”

Hello,

Recently, we somehow undeservedly forgot about interesting practical psychotechnics. Previously, for example, and , and , and found . But for a long time there was nothing about it. Time to catch up, what do you think?

Why is it important?

Professional burnout is the very catch that you do not expect. But at some point a person is ready to quit his job and run wherever his eyes look. However, the truth is that you can't run away from yourself.

What is professional burnout

Professional burnout- this is the exhaustion of nervous, mental and physical forces, because of which one does not want to work. As they say in encyclopedias: expressed in a depressed state, a feeling of fatigue and emptiness, a lack of energy and enthusiasm, a loss of the ability to see the positive results of one's work, a negative attitude towards work».

Test yourself.

Burnout Test

Consider the following statements for you:

1. I'm reluctant to go to work
2. If I remember to work on the weekend, it's hopelessly messed up.
3. I do not like to communicate with colleagues (clients), they annoy me
4. Lately I tend to overeat (loss of appetite)
5. I feel very tired after a working day
6. I have physiological changes in my body from my work (vision, hearing, smell have become worse, something hurts, etc.)
7. I often drink coffee, tea (or take smoke breaks)
8. I like my job, but I don't enjoy it as much as I used to.

Which professions are at risk

It is believed that there are professions that are more prone to professional burnout. This is a job where there is close interaction with people. The most difficult in this regard is the work of a psychologist who has to listen to the problems of strangers. And if he has a developed sense of empathy (empathy), he can unconsciously "join" a person and live with him a negative experience.

Everything would be fine, but the client has only one experience, and the psychologist accumulates it hundreds of times more. It becomes a living archive of other people's negative stories (oh, what will happen now - many of you will not envy the fate of healers of souls).

The same can be said about teachers and managers.

But in fact, professional burnout can happen in any job. Each person has his own nature, and it is she who accelerates or slows down this phenomenon. People who are very dynamic by nature, love change, are emotional, somewhere uncoordinated, burn out more likely than those who are slow, thorough and do not like dynamics by nature.

Common causes of professional burnout include

• monotony of work
• urgency factor
• close interaction with people
• tension and conflict in the team
• lack of conditions for self-expression
• suppression of initiative
• work without the possibility of further promotion

To the hidden causes of professional burnout -

• poor self-organization (inability to plan time leads to overwork)
• workaholism (little rest)
• lack of motivation (no goals and dreams)
• perfectionism (I want to do everything perfectly, but the progress of work slows down and there is little return, and as a result, rapid exhaustion)
• non-environmental activities (deception of colleagues, clients, relatives about work, oneself)
• failure to fulfill life's calling

The main causes of professional burnout

There are two main causes of burnout in any job:

1. you exhausted yourself
2. You outgrew the position

The very first call to professional burnout can be indifference to everything new that happens in your field of activity. It ceases to amaze you and evoke emotions. You don't want to "grow", stop reading on your topic, listen to lectures and develop.

But if at the same time you are actively interested in something else, this is a sign that you have “outgrown” or burned out, and, therefore, it is time to change your qualifications.

Prevention of professional burnout in the second case should come down to the fact that you are looking for a new place of application of forces. Try to start by studying related professions so as not to lose the experience that you have behind you.

Prevention of professional burnout during exhaustion

• Supervision.“Supervision is the collaboration of two professionals (more experienced and less experienced, or equal in experience), during which the specialist can describe and analyze his work in confidentiality.”

It is widely used among psychologists, but why don't you agree with a colleague and revise your work? His fresh perspective and experience will allow you to look at your work from the outside and bring a new stream of enthusiasm to it.

• Psychocharging

Do it as often as possible. The bottom line is that each time you do an exercise (whatever you like best), you say positive statements like “I like everything” or “I am full of energy.” Alternatively, attend yoga classes: static exercises provide an opportunity to calm the mind, relax and learn to control your mind.

• Keeping a diary

In it, you can, as if in spirit, write all your thoughts about work and life in general, thereby freeing the psyche from overload

• Attending psychological lectures, trainings, webinars,

where you can communicate not only with colleagues, but also with people of other professions

• Morning Meditations

There are no restrictions here. It is ideal if you connect with the Higher beginning of life every morning. From you get energy and inspiration to work. Alternatively, you can use special meditations, one of which you can listen to and conduct right now.

Meditation "Mountain Peak"

And, please, track in yourself how much you are, whether you are motivated enough for your work, whether you are studying something new in order to become more effective in your business, and then you most likely will not need professional burnout prevention.

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PREVENTION OF PROFESSIONAL BURNOUT

BLOCK 1. REPRESENTATION
ABOUT PROFESSIONAL BURNOUT

What is burnout syndrome?

Professional burnout is a syndrome that develops against the background of chronic stress and leads to the depletion of the emotional, energy and personal resources of a working person.

Burnout syndrome is the most dangerous occupational disease of those who work with people: teachers, social workers, psychologists, managers, doctors, journalists, businessmen and politicians - all whose activities are impossible without communication. It is no coincidence that the first researcher of this phenomenon, Christina Maslach, called her book: “Emotional combustion is the price of sympathy.”

Professional burnout occurs as a result of the internal accumulation of negative emotions without a corresponding "discharge" or "liberation" from them. It leads to the depletion of the emotional-energetic and personal resources of a person. From the point of view of the concept of stress (G. Selye), professional burnout is distress or the third stage of the general adaptation syndrome - the stage of exhaustion.

In 1981, A. Morrow proposed a vivid emotional image, reflecting, in his opinion, the internal state of an employee experiencing the distress of professional burnout: "The smell of burning psychological wiring."
^

Stages of professional burnout

^ FIRST STAGE:

It begins with a muting of emotions, smoothing out the sharpness of feelings and the freshness of experiences; the specialist unexpectedly notices: everything seems to be fine so far, but ... boring and empty at heart;

Positive emotions disappear, some detachment appears in relations with family members;

There is a state of anxiety, dissatisfaction; returning home, more and more often I want to say: “Don’t bother me, leave me alone!”

^ SECOND STAGE:

Misunderstandings arise with clients, a professional in the circle of his colleagues begins to speak with disdain about some of them;

Dislike begins to gradually manifest itself in the presence of clients - at first it is hardly contained antipathy, and then outbursts of irritation. Such behavior of a professional is an unconscious manifestation of a sense of self-preservation during communication that exceeds a level that is safe for the body.

^ THIRD STAGE:

Ideas about the values ​​of life are dulled, the emotional attitude to the world is “flattened”, a person becomes dangerously indifferent to everything, even to his own life;

Such a person, out of habit, can still retain outward respectability and some aplomb, but his eyes lose the sparkle of interest in anything, and an almost physically palpable cold of indifference settles in his soul.
^

Three aspects of professional burnout

As a result, such "burnt out" workers feel helpless and apathetic. Over time, this can turn into aggression and despair.

Second - loneliness.

People suffering from emotional burnout are unable to establish normal contact with clients. Object-to-object relations prevail.

Third - emotional exhaustion, somatization.

Fatigue, apathy and depression that accompany emotional burnout lead to serious physical ailments - gastritis, migraines, high blood pressure, chronic fatigue syndrome, etc.
^

Symptoms of professional burnout

psychophysical symptoms

Feeling of constant fatigue not only in the evenings, but also in the mornings, immediately after sleep (a symptom of chronic fatigue);

Feeling emotional and physical exhaustion;

Decreased susceptibility and reactivity due to changes in the external environment (lack of curiosity reaction to the novelty factor or fear reaction to a dangerous situation);

General asthenia (weakness, decreased activity and energy, deterioration of blood biochemistry and hormonal parameters);

Frequent causeless headaches; persistent disorders of the gastrointestinal tract;

Sudden loss or sudden weight gain;

Complete or partial insomnia;

Constant lethargy, drowsiness and desire to sleep throughout the day;

Shortness of breath or shortness of breath during physical or emotional stress;

A marked decrease in external and internal sensory sensitivity: deterioration of vision, hearing, smell and touch, loss of internal, bodily sensations.

^ SECOND GROUP:

socio-psychological symptoms

Indifference, boredom, passivity and depression (low emotional tone, feeling of depression);

Increased irritability to minor, petty events;

Frequent nervous breakdowns (outbursts of unmotivated anger or refusal to communicate, withdrawal into oneself);

Constant experience of negative emotions for which there are no reasons in the external situation (feelings of guilt, resentment, shame, suspicion, constraint);

Feeling of unconscious anxiety and increased anxiety (feeling that "something is not right");

A feeling of hyper-responsibility and a constant feeling of fear that “it won’t work out” or “I won’t be able to”;

A general negative attitude towards life and professional prospects (like “no matter how hard you try, nothing will work out anyway”).

^ THIRD GROUP:

behavioral symptoms

Feeling that the work is getting harder and harder and harder and harder to do;

The employee noticeably changes his working mode (increases or reduces the time of work);

Constantly, unnecessarily, takes work home, but does not do it at home;

The leader finds it difficult to make decisions;

Feeling worthless, disbelief in improvement, decreased enthusiasm for work, indifference to results;

Failure to fulfill important, priority tasks and “getting stuck” on small details, spending most of the working time on a little conscious or unconscious performance of automatic and elementary actions that do not meet official requirements;

Distance from employees and customers, increasing inadequate criticality;

Alcohol abuse, a sharp increase in cigarettes smoked per day, the use of narcotic drugs.
^

BLOCK 2. EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL CONDITIONS
PROFESSIONAL BURNOUT

Three conditions (factors) of professional burnout

This is, first of all, a sense of self-importance in the workplace, the possibility of professional advancement, autonomy and the level of control on the part of management ( A. Pane, 1982). If a specialist feels the significance of his activity, then he becomes quite immune to emotional burnout. If the work looks insignificant in his own eyes, then the syndrome develops faster. Dissatisfaction with one's professional growth, excessive dependence on the opinions of others and a lack of autonomy and independence also contribute to its development.

^ Role factor

Studies have shown that the development of burnout is significantly influenced by role conflict and role uncertainty ( H. Kuynarpuu), as well as professional situations in which the joint actions of employees are largely uncoordinated: there is no integration of efforts, but there is competition ( K. Kondo). But well-coordinated, coordinated collective work in a situation of distributed responsibility, as it were, protects the worker of the socio-psychological service from the development of the emotional burnout syndrome, despite the fact that the workload can be significantly higher.

^ Organizational factor

The development of the syndrome is influenced by many hours of work, but not any, but uncertain (unclear functional responsibilities) or not receiving proper assessment. At the same time, the leadership style, which has been criticized more than once, negatively affects, in which the boss does not allow the employee to show independence (according to the principle “initiative is punishable”) and thereby deprives him of a sense of responsibility for his work and awareness of the significance and importance of the work performed.

^ Qualities that help avoid professional burnout

Firstly:

Good health and conscious, purposeful care of your physical condition (constant exercise, healthy lifestyle).

High self-esteem and confidence in yourself, your abilities and capabilities.

Secondly:

Experience of successfully overcoming professional stress;

Ability to constructively change under stressful conditions;

High mobility;

openness;

Sociability;

Independence;

The desire to rely on their own strength.

REMINDER

First of all, acknowledge that they are.

Those who help other people tend to deny their own psychological predicament. It’s hard to admit to yourself: “I suffer from professional burnout.” Moreover, in difficult life situations, internal unconscious defense mechanisms are activated. Among them are rationalization, repression of traumatic events, "petrification" of feelings and body.

People often evaluate these manifestations incorrectly - as a sign of their own "strength". Some protect themselves from their own difficult conditions and problems by getting active, they try not to think about them (remember Scarlet with her "I'll think about it tomorrow"?) and give themselves completely to work, helping other people. Helping others can really bring relief for a while. However, only for a while. After all, overactivity is harmful if it diverts attention from the help that you yourself need.

Remember: blocking out your feelings and being overactive can slow down your recovery process.

First, your condition can be relieved by physical and emotional support from other people. Don't give up on her. Discuss your situation with those who, having had a similar experience, feel good.

For a professional, it is appropriate and useful to work with a supervisor - a professionally more experienced person who, if necessary, helps a less experienced colleague in professional and personal improvement. During the scheduled period of time, the professional and the supervisor regularly discuss the work done together. In the course of such a discussion, learning and development takes place, which help to get out of burnout.

Secondly, after hours, you need privacy. In order to cope with your feelings, you need to find an opportunity to be alone, without family and close friends.

^ WHAT TO DO AND WHAT NOT TO DO WHEN BURNING OUT

DO NOT hide your feelings. Show your emotions and let your friends discuss them with you.

Do NOT avoid talking about what happened. Take every opportunity to review your experience alone or with others.

Do NOT let your feelings of embarrassment stop you when others give you a chance to speak or offer help.

DO NOT expect severe burnout symptoms to go away on their own.

If you do not take action, they will visit you for a long time.

Set aside enough time for sleep, rest, reflection.

Be direct, clear, and honest about your desires by talking about them with family, friends, and at work.

Try to keep your life as normal as possible.

^ IF YOU UNDERSTAND THAT BURNOUT IS ALREADY HAPPENING
AND REACHED DEEP STAGES

Remember: special work is needed to respond to traumatic experiences and to revive feelings. And do not try to do this work with yourself - such a difficult (and painful) work can only be done together with a professional psychologist-consultant.

Real courage lies in admitting that I need professional help.

Why? Yes, because the basis of "psychological treatment" is to help a person "come to life" and "re-assemble himself."

First comes the hard work, the purpose of which is to “remove the shell of insensibility” and allow your feelings to come out. This does not lead to a loss of self-control, but the suppression of these feelings can lead to neurosis and physical problems. At the same time, special work with destructive “poisonous” feelings (in particular, aggressive ones) is important. The result of this preparatory work is the "clearing" of the internal space, making room for the arrival of a new one, the revival of feelings.

The next stage of professional work is a revision of one's life myths, goals and values, one's ideas and attitudes towards oneself, other people and one's work. Here it is important to accept and strengthen your "I", to realize the value of your life; take responsibility for your life and health and take a professional position in your work.

And only after that, step by step, relationships with other people and ways of interacting with them change. There is a development in a new way of their professional role and their other life roles and behaviors. The person gains self-confidence. So - he got out of the emotional burnout syndrome and is ready to live and work successfully.

Diagnostics of the level of emotional burnout

^ "CHECK YOURSELF!"

The diagnostic technique reveals the degree of professional burnout. It can be used both for self-diagnosis and for professional work with clients.

Instructions for implementation. Read the sentences and answer yes or no. Please note: if the wording of the questionnaire refers to partners, then the subjects of your professional activity are meant - patients, clients, viewers, customers, students and other people with whom you work daily.

KEY

Experience of traumatic circumstances:

1 (2), +13 (3), +25 (2), –37 (3), +49 (10), +61 (5), –73 (5)

^ Self dissatisfaction:

2 (3), +14 (2), +26 (2), –38 (10), –50 (5), +62 (5), +74 (3)

"Caged in a cage":

3 (10), +15 (5), +27 (2), +39 (2), +51 (5), +63 (1), –75 (5)

Anxiety and depression:

4 (2), +16 (3), +28 (5), +40 (5), +52 (10), +64 (2), +76 (3)

"Resistance"

Inappropriate emotional selective response:

5 (5), –17 (3), +29 (10), +41 (2), +53 (2), +65 (3), +77 (5)

^ Emotional-moral disorientation:

6 (10), –18 (3), +30 (3), +42 (5), +54 (2), +66 (2), –78 (5)

Expanding the sphere of saving emotions:

7 (2), +19 (10), –31 (20), +43 (5), +55 (3), +67 (3), – 79(5)

^ Reduction of professional duties:

8 (5), +20 (5), +32 (2), - 44 (2), +56 (3), +68 (3), +80 (10)

"Exhaustion"

Emotional deficit:

9 (3), +21 (2), +33(5), - 45 (5), +57 (3), - 69 (10), +81 (2)

^ Emotional detachment:

10 (2), +22(3), –34(2), +46(3), +58(5), +70(5), +82(10)

Personal detachment (depersonalization):

11(5), +23(3), +35(3), +47(5), +59(5),+72(2), +83(10)

Psychosomatic and psychovegetative disorders:

12(3), +24(2), +36(5), +48(3), +60(2), +72(10), +84(5)

^ DATA PROCESSING

In accordance with the key, the following calculations are carried out:

1. The sum of points is determined separately for each of the 12 symptoms of burnout, taking into account the coefficient indicated in brackets. So, for example, for the first symptom (experiencing psychotraumatic circumstances), a positive answer to question No. 13 is estimated at 3 points, and a negative answer to question No. 73 is estimated at 5 points, etc. The number of points is summed up and a quantitative indicator of the severity of the symptom is determined.

2. The sum of symptom scores for each of the three phases of burnout formation is calculated.

3. The final indicator of the burnout syndrome is found - the sum of the indicators of all 12 symptoms.

^ INTERPRETATION OF THE RESULTS

The technique gives a detailed picture of the professional burnout syndrome. First of all, you need to pay attention to individual symptoms. The severity of each symptom ranges from 0 to 30 points:

^ 9 points or less- uncomplicated symptom;

10–15 points- developing symptom;

16–19 points- an established symptom;

20 or more points- symptoms with such indicators are dominant in the phase or in the entire burnout syndrome.

The next step in interpreting the results of the survey is understanding the indicators of the phases of stress development - "tension", "resistance" or "exhaustion". In each of them, the assessment is possible in the range from 0 to 120 points. However, comparing the points obtained for the phases is unjustified, because the phenomena measured in them are significantly different: this is a reaction to external and internal factors, methods of psychological defense, the state of the nervous system. By quantitative indicators, it is legitimate to judge only how much each phase has formed, which phase has formed to a greater or lesser extent:

^ 36 points or less- the phase is not formed;

37–60 points- phase in the formation stage;

61 or more points- formed phase.

1. What is the essence of workaholism? Is it possible to call a workaholic any person who works hard?
Workaholism is about running away from work. You can only call a workaholic someone who closes himself from problems with work. Those. a workaholic is not one who works hard, but one who runs away from life to work.

2. What is "professional burnout"?
Burnout is a response toprofessional stress. It occurs when a person experiences severe stress and is unable to cope with it. The main cause of burnout syndrome is a mismatch between personality and work. First of all, this is a discrepancy between the requirements for the employee and his real capabilities, when managers place increased demands on the individual. If it is a matter of honor for an employee to follow the orders of the boss, but he is objectively unable to do this, then stress arises, the quality of work deteriorates, and relationships with colleagues may break.

3. How to see signs of burnout?
The most common symptom is exhaustion - both emotional and physical. At the same time, a person feels that he can no longer live the way he used to. For young people who have recently embarked on a professional activity, the loss of idealism is especially characteristic.
There are 12 main features:

• - Exhaustion, fatigue.
• - Psychosomatic complications.
• - Insomnia.
• - Negative attitudes towards customers.
• - Negative attitudes towards their work.
• - Neglect in the performance of their duties.
• - Increasing the volume of psychostimulants (tobacco, coffee, alcohol, drugs).
• - Decreased appetite or overeating.
• - Negative self-esteem.
• - Increased aggressiveness (irritability, anger, tension).
• - Increased passivity (cynicism, pessimism, hopelessness, apathy).
• - Guilt.

5. What specialty is more dangerous for burnout?