Renal colic: symptoms in women. How to relieve pain in renal colic at home? Signs of renal colic

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Renal colic symptoms in women treatment

Renal colic symptoms in women on the right: treatment, symptoms

When renal colic occurs, the symptoms in women can be varied, depending on the disease they are the result of.

The intensity of renal colic can be quite high, so a woman needs emergency medical care.

The intervention of a doctor should be immediate also for the reason that spasms of the kidneys are often accompanied by a serious violation of urodynamics.

Failure of the urinary process favors the occurrence of dangerous pathologies of the kidneys, among which hydronephrosis, pyelonephritis, and renal failure stand out.

Renal colic is accompanied by pain that occurs in the abdomen, then radiating to the inguinal region.

In most cases, pain occurs due to excessive compression or stretching of the ureter. This happens when a large stone penetrates into it.

In addition to kidney stones, blood clots, pus or mucus can act as an obstacle.

Blood clots occur when the stone that has come into motion has sharp protrusions. Moving along the urinary tract, it damages the mucous membrane of the ureter and kidneys, causing bleeding.

Clots of pus and mucus are the result of inflammatory processes. More often this situation is provoked by the acute stage of pyelonephritis.

The pain symptoms of renal colic in a woman occur against the background of an increase in the pressure of the fluid concentrated in the renal pelvis. Due to the fact that the outflow of urine is seriously impaired, the renal parenchyma swells, and the renal capsule is overstretched.

Such an unusual condition provokes an attack of colic, bringing excessive suffering to the patient.

The outflow of urine, and with it the occurrence of colic, provokes an inflection of the ureter, which is characteristic of the pathological activity of the kidneys against the background of nephroptosis and their abnormal prolapse.

kink of the ureter

Compression of the ureter causes injury to the organ, the occurrence of hematomas, as well as pathologies such as renal vein thrombosis, kidney infarction.

A malignant tumor, accompanied by rapid growth, can narrow the urinary lumens to an extreme minimum.

The frequent occurrence of colic attacks can be influenced by external factors, which include the patient's lifestyle, place of work, genetic predisposition.

In particular, work in hot shops, living in places accompanied by a hot climate, provokes dehydration of the body, an increase in the concentration of salt deposits, and the rapid occurrence of urolithiasis.

The kidney needs a daily supply of sufficient water. If the patient does not comply with the drinking regimen, the risk of KSD increases several times.

The kidneys negatively perceive hypothermia, reacting to it with inflammatory and infectious processes. For this reason, doctors recommend giving preference to clothing that prevents hypothermia of the organs.

Clinical manifestations

Symptoms of renal colic in women are the brightest and most intense among the other symptoms of kidney pathologies. Colic occurs suddenly, the patient cannot predict the moment of their manifestation.

However, some external factors can still affect the appearance of colic, which include trips on a bumpy road, performing heavy work associated with lifting weights, and applying a strong blow to the lumbar region.

Colic zones

Spasms during colic are accompanied by high intensity, but the patient's condition worsens that their duration can be both short-term and reach several hours.

It is not difficult to distinguish colic from other symptoms, since they are of a constant cramping nature. They can irradiate not only to the inguinal region, but also to the perineum, rectum, and thigh.

The general condition of the patient is rapidly deteriorating, along with this, additional symptoms arise that cause serious concern about the state of the woman's health.

Against the background of a general deterioration, women begin to experience attacks of nausea and vomiting. There may be severe bloating.

There are false urges to defecate, urinate. When emptying the bladder, a small amount of urine is excreted.

Women also have a symptom characteristic of many kidney problems in the form of an increase in blood pressure, which is difficult to lower with medication.

Hematuria

If the problem arose due to urolithiasis, symptoms of hematuria (blood in the urine) are observed, indicating that the stone is moving along the urinary tract, damaging their mucous membranes.

When the situation worsens, a symptom appears - a harbinger of a dangerous situation in the form of a short-term loss of consciousness. The patient may not lose consciousness, but at the same time be in a semi-conscious state.

In these cases, there are additional symptoms in the form of blanching of the skin, the appearance of perspiration, followed by a rapid drop in blood pressure.

Quite often, as soon as the symptoms of renal colic disappear, the patient experiences relief, followed by the urge to urinate. The amount of liquid released will be large enough.

The patient may detect a sign of hematuria or a stone exit in the excreted urine.

Due to the fact that the symptoms of renal colic in women may indicate various diseases, doctors immediately refer the patient to differential diagnosis.

Symptoms of renal colic may be similar to those of appendicitis, as well as hepatic colic. Vascular pathologies, intestinal obstruction in women, as well as individual gynecological problems can also mislead.

Analysis of urine

Similar symptoms have sciatica, intervertebral hernia, intercostal neuralgia in women.

At the same time, the doctor clarifies with the woman all the symptoms that she noticed, and certainly listens to complaints.

At this moment, a general urine test is carried out in the laboratory, according to the results of which it is possible to recognize which pathology provoked the failure.

Doctors are not limited only to laboratory studies of urinary fluid, since an incorrect diagnosis creates the basis for prescribing the wrong treatment, which can lead to death.

It depends on the diagnosis what treatment the doctor will carry out. If the diagnosis is wrong, only the outward symptoms will be subdued, but the cause will remain, continuing to get worse.

Based on the patient's condition, doctors refer her to an x-ray of the abdominal cavity. Also, to demonstrate the level of efficiency of the ureter and kidneys, urography with the introduction of a contrast agent will help.

An ultrasound examination is carried out, accompanied by high information content. During the ultrasound, doctors can visually observe the shape of the kidneys, their size, the presence of stones.

This type of endoscopic examination is also shown, such as chromocystoscopy, which makes it possible to determine the nature and speed of the urinary process.

To be able to reliably determine the causes of renal colic, doctors can guide a woman to undergo a CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging.

Treatment

When symptoms of renal colic are detected, doctors should refer the woman for diagnosis, and after receiving the results, develop an effective treatment plan.

Priority measures should be actions aimed at eliminating pain symptoms.

Electropuncture

For this purpose, doctors use antispasmodic drugs, analgesics, herbal medicines, which act as alternative medicines.

To eliminate the symptoms of intense renal colic, a woman is recommended to take a warm bath or apply a warm heating pad to the area of ​​relief of pain symptoms.

If an attack of renal colic continues for a long period, doctors decide to conduct a novocaine blockade.

Acupuncture is also indicated in these cases. High performance is accompanied by such a procedure as electropuncture.

Therapeutic measures are directed not only to the elimination of pain symptoms, but also to the elimination of the identified causes that provoked pathological changes in the body.

In particular, antibiotics and antiseptics can be prescribed for inflammatory processes.

If the culprits of the symptoms of intense pain are calculi, doctors prescribe drugs that resolve such uroliths.

With a large size of stones, or with a significant deterioration in the condition of a woman, doctors resort to surgical intervention, during which the stones are crushed.

Modern medicine has equipment with the help of which gentle methods are used to crush stones with a laser, shock wave, and ultrasound.

Of course, in order for the treatment process to be accompanied by high efficiency, doctors guide a woman to adjust her diet and lifestyle.

It is very important during the treatment process to follow a strict diet, excluding certain foods that the doctor indicates.

Also, doctors necessarily focus on maintaining a drinking regimen. If there are no contraindications regarding pathological swelling, a woman is recommended to take up to three liters of fluid.

Complications and prevention

Renal colic provokes the appearance of the most dangerous pathologies arising from violations of the outflow of urine.

In particular, from the accumulation of a large amount of urine, the kidneys increase in size, along with them the pelvis also increases in size, provoking hydronephrosis.

hydronephrosis

Against the background of renal colic, such pathologies as pyelonephritis, pyonephrosis may also occur.

Unfortunately, inaction, failure to carry out medical measures is fraught with the loss of the functionality of the organ, and subsequently can lead to its complete loss.

In order to never experience symptoms of renal colic during her life, a woman must take care not only of observing the correct drinking regimen, but also of the quality of the water.

The use of tap water is not allowed, since it may contain a large amount of salts and minerals, which are the main provocateurs of urolithiasis.

It is useful to fortify the body, saturating it with vitamins in strictly defined dosages. In particular, an excess of vitamin C can, on the contrary, adversely affect a woman's health, contributing to the formation of stones.

vitamins

Vitamin A deficiency favors the death of the epithelium, which precipitates and provokes the formation of stones.

It is also useful to take vitamin D within the normal range, which neutralizes oxalic acid, thereby preventing KSD.

Unfortunately, its excess favors an increase in the concentration of urine, respectively, the formation of stones.

Due to the fact that the kidneys are afraid of hypothermia, urologists orient women to maintain the correct temperature regime.

So, renal colic entails serious consequences, so it must be prevented than subsequently carried out therapeutic measures. Of course, preventive measures are not always accompanied by effectiveness, but nevertheless, their implementation significantly reduces the risk of dangerous complications.

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Renal colic in women: causes, symptoms and treatment

Renal colic in a woman occurs in the form of an acute pain attack, which occurs suddenly when the urinary passage is disturbed, as well as with an increase in intrapelvic pressure. With renal colic, a woman experiences cramping pain in the lumbar region, which radiates down. In addition, urination becomes more frequent, the woman feels sick, and maybe vomiting. What to do with colic in the kidneys? How dangerous is the disease? Is it possible to heal him?

Causes of female renal colic

Pathology develops with violations of the urinary system. Renal colic is caused by internal blockage, compression of the urinary tract. First, the muscles of the ureter reflexively contract, then hydrostatic pressure increases inside the pelvis, renal ischemia is observed, the parenchyma swells, and the fibrous renal capsule is overstretched. When a woman's sensitive receptors are irritated, pain begins to develop, which is characteristic of renal colic.

As medical practice shows, about 60% of cases in which renal colic is provoked by urolithiasis. In some situations, pain occurs as a result of pyelonephritis, in which pus and mucus accumulate.

Sometimes renal colic is provoked by:

• Torsion or kink of the ureter.
• Renal dystopia.
• Ureteral stricture.

Outwardly, the urinary tract can be compressed by a tumor of the ureter, kidneys, prostate, and retroperitoneal hematoma. Colic in the kidneys occurs with vascular diseases in the urinary tract, less often with embolism, with renal infarction.

With congenital pathology - dyskinesia, achalasia, megacalicosis, urodynamics in the upper urinary tract is disturbed, and later renal colic develops in women.

Symptoms of colic in the kidneys in women

With the disease, intense, cramping pain in the lumbar region can suddenly occur. Most often, she worries at night in a dream. Sometimes renal colic appears after physical exertion, shaking in transport, long walking, or after taking diuretics.

In women, pain can radiate to the thigh, labia and perineum. An attack of pain can last for several hours or a whole day. The patient is restless, begins to rush about, cannot find a position in which it will be easier for him.

Renal colic is accompanied by frequent urination, anuria and oliguria. Some women complain about:

• Increased dryness in the mouth.
• Cutting in the urethra.
• Vomit.
• Flatulence.

Sometimes pressure may increase, a woman is worried about chills, tachycardia. Severe pain can result in a woman's state of shock, which is accompanied by hypotension, pale skin, cold sweat, and bradycardia.

It is important to timely distinguish renal colic from diseases such as:

• Acute appendicitis.
• Cholecystitis.
• Acute pancreatitis.
• vascular thrombosis.
• Aortic aneurysm.
• Ectopic pregnancy.
• Torsion of the peduncle of an ovarian cyst.
• Gastric ulcer.
• Herniated disc.
• Intercostal neuralgia.

Diagnosis of female renal colic

During the disease it is impossible to touch the diseased kidney. After an attack, a urine test is given. As a rule, blood clots, erythrocytes, salts, protein, epithelium, leukocytes are found in it.

To exclude abdominal pathology, a survey x-ray of the abdominal cavity is performed. An x-ray, urogram is also additionally performed. With the help of intravenous urography, you can find out about the change in the pelvis, renal displacement, the nature of the bend of the ureter.

During renal colic, it is necessary to undergo chromocystoscopy. With its help, timely learn about hemorrhage and edema. In order to study in detail the state of the urinary tract, it is necessary to conduct an ultrasound of the kidneys, the bladder to exclude an acute abdomen.

The cause of renal colic in a woman can be established after a tomographic examination - MRI or CT.

Treatment methods for renal colic

Thermal procedures will help to stop the attack - applying a heating pad to the lumbar region, stomach. Sitz baths are also very helpful. Keep in mind that the water temperature should be no more than 39 degrees.

You can relieve pain, spasm from the urinary tract and restore urinary excretion with the help of antispasmodics and painkillers. Baralgin, Promedol, Atropine, No-shpa are administered intravenously. Intramuscularly, an injection of Platifillin is given.

If an attack of renal colic is delayed, novocaine blockade is prescribed. In an acute attack, acupuncture and electropuncture are additionally used. When small calculi are diagnosed in a woman's ureter, physiotherapeutic procedures can be prescribed - ultrasound therapy, diadynamic therapy, and vibration therapy.

If renal colic is accompanied by acute pyelonephritis, a high temperature rises with it, in this case all thermal procedures are prohibited. In this situation, it is best to call an ambulance to prevent a serious complication.

Prevention of renal colic in women

So that renal colic does not recur in you, it is necessary to stop and eliminate the cause of its development in a timely manner. In the case of prolonged obstruction of the urinary tract, everything can end in renal failure. It is dangerous when an infection joins renal colic, then everything ends with secondary pyelonephritis, bacteremic shock, urosepsis.

To prevent renal colic, it is necessary to exclude all risks, especially urolithiasis. For preventive purposes, do not forget to visit a urologist at least once a year, undergo an ultrasound, take a urine and blood test. The sooner the pathology is detected, the better.

Thus, renal colic brings a woman a lot of trouble. It is especially dangerous during pregnancy, therefore, during the planning of the baby, it is necessary to undergo a preliminary examination of the kidneys and identify all diseases in a timely manner.

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Renal colic - causes, symptoms in men and women, diagnosis, treatment and prevention

How can a person be helped if he has an attack of renal colic, and he does not find a place for himself from pain tearing him to pieces? Renal colic is not treated at home, but you need to know what to do in order to significantly alleviate the patient's condition and try to relieve the acute spasms of pain that torments him. Colic in the kidneys can be caused by a variety of reasons, and first aid measures should be known to relatives and friends of a person suffering from pathological diseases of the genitourinary system so that he does not suffer from pain shock in the acute stage of colic.

What is renal colic

The resulting sharp pain in the lumbar region, an acute violation of renal functionality, is called colic. The attack begins suddenly, at any time of the day or night. Colic develops when the calyx cavity of the kidney overflows as a result of a delay in the outflow of urine. Stretching of the kidney and an increase in pressure in it contribute to the occurrence of a strong pain syndrome, which is a consequence of the pathology that has arisen. Such an attack can last from several minutes to a week, turning a person's life into torment in the absence of therapeutic measures.

Kidney dysfunction syndrome may be accompanied by the following symptoms:

• acute pain attack in the lumbar region on one or both sides;
• the presence of blood, sand suspension in the urine;
• frequent urination, pain when emptying the bladder;
• the spread of pain foci to the lower parts of the body - the inguinal zones, the inner surface of the thighs;
• deficiency of urination;
• swelling of the lower abdomen;
• nausea, vomiting, weakness;
• diarrhea, or vice versa, constipation;
• restless behavior.

Violation of the blood supply to the kidney, the loss of its functions leads to acute and sharp attacks of pain, the localization of which can manifest itself in different places - in the lower back on the right or left side. Pain radiates (spreads) to the groin area, lower abdomen, external genitalia, inner thighs. There are left-sided and right-sided renal pain syndrome. If it is possible to remove the attack, then the intensity of the pain subsides, but weak painful sensations remain.

Renal colic in children

In babies who themselves cannot yet speak, colic can be recognized by increased anxiety, hysterical crying, and a swollen tummy. The attack can last 5-15 minutes, some children vomit. If the child can speak, then, when asked about the location of the pain, the umbilical, lumbar regions, and inguinal zones are indicated. Since cramping pain may indicate serious pathologies that are fraught with serious complications, the child should be immediately shown to the doctor.

The reasons

Colic can occur with the following pathologies:

• accumulation of kidney stones and blockage of the urinary tract by them;
• with bends and narrowing of the urethra, ureter (observed in men);
• in pregnant women, the fetus can provoke kidney clamping;
• prolapse of the kidney (nephroptosis);
• acute pyelonephritis and other kidney diseases;
• tumors of internal organs;
• colitis;
• abnormal structure of the urinary system;
• allergies while taking various drugs;
• tuberculous kidney disease.

Diagnostics

To identify the pathology that caused the acute pain syndrome, the doctor must take an anamnesis of the disease, conduct a differential diagnosis, ask the patient about the nature of the pain, the time of its occurrence, localization, accompanying symptoms (whether there was blood in the urine, problems with urination). Also, the nephrologist can ask about diseases suffered during life, which were accompanied by disruption of the genitourinary system, the presence of pyelonephritis, how much fluid the patient drinks, whether he has an addiction to salty foods.

After compiling a medical history, the doctor proceeds to practical diagnostic methods:

• An initial visual examination of the patient is carried out, careful palpation of the painful zone is done.
• Blood and urine are taken for analysis. An increase in the number of leukocytes in the blood and urine, the presence of creatinine and erythrocytes in the urine may indicate an acute inflammatory process.
• An echographic examination of the kidneys is done in order to identify the location, structure, localization of the calculus in these organs.
• The study is carried out by the method of excretory urography.
• Sometimes computed tomography of the urinary organs is done to identify the cause of colic.

Treatment

To stop an attack of colic in renal dysfunction, you need to know what pathology caused this syndrome and eliminate it. The semiconscious state of the patient, nausea, vomiting require immediate hospitalization and restoration of renal capacity in a hospital. If the presence of appendicitis, hepatic colic is not detected, then doctors simultaneously take measures to relieve pain and eliminate the cause of the disease.

The patient may be prescribed drugs that alkalize urine and dissolve stones, a special diet. In this case, you will have to drink multivitamin complexes, diuretics, which eliminate the likelihood of kidney stones. If the cause of colic was kidney tuberculosis, then special medications are prescribed to get rid of the pathology. Surgical invasive intervention is indicated in the absence of the effect of drug treatment.

First aid for renal colic

It is important to correctly diagnose the disease, since other, no less serious, formidable diseases, such as acute appendicitis, pancreatitis, and intestinal obstruction, can be mistaken for colic in renal dysfunction. If it is established for sure that the patient is suffering from colic, then at home the treatment of renal colic and first aid to eliminate the symptoms of the disease may consist of the following methods:

• Heating the affected area with a heating pad or taking a warm bath. Heat causes dilation of the ureter and urethra, which reduces pain at home.
• Taking antispasmodic, NSAIDs that have a relaxing effect on smooth muscles and eliminate colic.
• Plentiful warm drink.

Medications for renal colic

To stop an acute attack, doctors prescribe the following groups of drugs:

• antispasmodics;
• painkillers;
• antiemetic drugs;
• medicines to reduce urine output (to reduce pressure in the renal pelvis);
• agents that help dissolve stones and calculi.

Of the drugs that help get rid of stones in the urethra and ureter, the following can be distinguished:

• potassium citrate. Helps to maintain the correct salt balance of urine for effective dissolution of stones. The dosage is prescribed individually, with constant monitoring of urinalysis. No more than 50 mEq of medication can be taken per day.
• Bicarbonate of soda. The solution will help dissolve the urates. The doctor prescribes the required concentration of the drug, you need to take a teaspoon three times a day for 2-3 months with constant monitoring of urine analysis.

Painkiller

To stop acute unbearable pain, doctors use the following drugs:

• Baralgin. Effectively helps to eliminate pain by relaxing muscle spasm. With colic of renal origin, it is prescribed 5 ml intramuscularly or intravenously every 4-6 hours.
• Ketorolac. An excellent pain reliever that reduces inflammation and relieves fever. With colic, intramuscular injections of 60 mg are made every 3-5 hours until the attack disappears completely.

Antispasmodics

Together with painkillers, doctors use antispasmodics for renal colic, which effectively eliminate pain. This group of drugs includes the following drugs:

• Atropine. The use of the drug helps to relax the smooth muscles of the kidney, while the pain subsides, the patient feels better. Shown in / m injections with a concentration of up to 1 mg of atropine daily.
• Hyoscine butylbromide. Reduces the tone of smooth muscles, relieves spasm of the urinary canals. In acute pain syndrome, a dropper is made with 20-40 mg of the active substance for adults, 5-10 mg for children, three times a day before colic disappears.

No-shpa

Drotaverine has a hypotensive, antispasmodic effect, relaxes the smooth muscles of the kidneys. In an acute attack of colic, 3-4 tablets are taken at a time to relieve painful spasms. However, one should not count on the complete elimination of renal failure with a single dose of No-shpa at home. If colic is accompanied by vomiting, fever, then you should immediately call an ambulance to hospitalize the patient.

Surgery

Surgery is indicated in the following situations:

• with complications of urolithiasis;
• dropsy of the kidney (hydronephrosis);
• stones and calculi of large diameter;
• lack of effect from previous therapy.

There are several methods of surgical treatment of colic:

• Contact and remote lithotripsy. The operation is carried out on an outpatient basis, the stone is crushed by directed ultrasound remotely or by contact, with the introduction of a thin tube to the place of stone dislocation.
• Percutaneous nephrolithotomy. A puncture is made on the skin, into which a special tool is inserted, with which the stone is removed.
• open operation. It is used only when the overflow of the renal pelvis has caused purulent lesions of the kidney parenchyma and tissue necrosis.

Treatment with folk remedies

To stop colic, you can use the following folk recipes:

• Mix in a ratio of 1: 1 dry birch leaves, mint, juniper berries. Take 6 tbsp. l. mixture, pour a liter of boiling water, insist in the dark for 30 minutes. Drink the solution within 1 hour.
• 8 art. l. fresh leaves and birch buds pour a liter of water and cook in a water bath for 20 minutes. Infusion to drink in 1-2 hours.

Prevention

You can try to avoid acute attacks of pain in renal dysfunction by observing the following rules:

• timely treat diseases of the genitourinary system;
• regularly undergo examinations by a nephrologist;
• avoid hypothermia and drafts;
• alternate sedentary and active lifestyle;
• drink at least 2 liters of pure water per day;
• take complexes containing calcium, vitamins A, C, E, D.

This condition occurs with urolithiasis (blockage of the ureter by a stone), prolapse of the kidney (kink of the ureter) and other pathological conditions (with injuries, tumors, tuberculosis).

Renal colic is characterized by a sudden, cramping increase in pain in the lumbar region with frequent irradiation to the groin, genitals, leg. Often, renal colic is accompanied by nausea and vomiting.

Diagnostics

Urgent hospitalization and a mandatory examination by a urologist are indicated to determine the causes of renal colic, differential diagnosis with acute surgical diseases.

The most valuable method for diagnosing renal colic is intravenous urography (X-ray examination of the kidneys after intravenous administration of a contrast agent). It allows you to detect stone and changes in the urinary tract, expansion of the pelvis and calyces, displacement of the kidney and bending of the ureter. Intravenous urography also reveals other, rarer causes of renal colic.

Treatment

In the event that renal colic is caused by urolithiasis, along with relief of the attack, remote lithotripsy (crushing the stone with ultrasound) is successfully used.

An attack of renal colic can be alleviated by the use of heat - a heating pad, a bath at a temperature of 37-39 C. Be sure to use antispasmodics and painkillers in injectable form (up to narcotic analgesics).

With a prolonged attack, the doctor can perform a novocaine blockade of the spermatic cord (in men) or the round ligament of the uterus (in women) from colic. Renal colic, accompanied by fever, is a direct indication for hospitalization in the urological department, where ureteral catheterization can be performed for therapeutic purposes.

Forecast

In the event that the fragment of the stone that caused the violation of the outflow of urine is small, then often renal colic ends with its discharge with urine.

Otherwise, with untimely medical care, acute obstructive pyelonephritis develops, which can cause death in a short time.

Renal colic is a painful attack that is characterized by sudden disturbances in the flow of urine through the urethra. At the same time, intrapelvic pressure suddenly increases and renal ischemia develops.

According to ICD-10, renal colic is considered unspecified and has a code - N23.

Renal colic as an individual disease is not considered, it is rather a consequence that develops as a result of urolithiasis (ICD code - N20-N23) or hemodynamic disorders in the ureter.

The patient feels cramping pain, weakness, urination becomes painful. In the field of urology, this phenomenon is considered an urgent condition that requires urgent neutralization of the pain syndrome and restoration of kidney function.

About what renal colic is, how this pathology manifests itself, and how to deal with it, will be discussed in more depth later in the article.

Causes of renal colic

One of the reasons is a violation of the outflow of urine, resulting in internal obstruction or external squeezing of the urinary tract.

This condition is characterized by involuntary spasmodic muscular oscillations of the ureter, venous stasis, increased pressure of the water column inside the pelvis, renal ischemia, swelling of the parenchyma, and excessive expansion of the fibrous renal capsule.

Receptor irritation provokes the appearance of a sharp pain attack - colic in the kidneys. Also, the reasons include mechanical barriers that disrupt the passage of urine. According to statistics, 58% of colic is considered one of the symptoms due to a pinched stone in the ureter.

Blockage (obturation) can be caused by purulent or blood calculi with pyelonephritis (inflammation that affects the tubular system of the kidneys), caseous plugs or dead papillae with papillary necrosis.

Causes include rotation of the ureter when the kidney descends, renal dystopia, and stricture. Benign or malignant neoplasms of the kidneys, prostate (prostate), ureter, subcapsular hematomas lead to external infringement of the urinary tract.

The appearance of renal colic can provoke protracted inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system:

• hydronephrotic transformation of the kidney - an acquired or congenital pathology of the kidneys, which is characterized by the expansion of the pelvis. It develops due to a disorder in the passage of urine, resulting in progressive atrophy of the kidneys;
• acute - acute bacterial disease. The parenchyma and pelvis of the kidney become inflamed. Infections are caused by bacteria in the colon;
• periurethritis - inflammation of the loose connective tissue that surrounds the urethra;
• urethritis - inflammation of the urethra. The main reason is the damage to the canal wall by various viruses and bacteria. Symptoms in women manifest as cystitis or narrowing of the urethra;
• - inflammation of the prostate gland. Symptoms in men can be very pronounced in the form of cutting pains in the groin, aggravated by urination, fever, etc.;
• phlebostasis in the venous system of the small pelvis is a chronic disease of the pelvic organs. It develops as a result of obstruction of the venous trunks, after which a plexus of collateral tracts appears with a subsequent increase.

Some congenital anomalies that can disrupt urodynamics in the upper urinary tract lead to the appearance of renal colic:

• Achalasia of the ureter is a type of hydroureter (dilation of the ureter). Occurs with neurogenic dysfunction of the terminal part of the ureter. The result is a sharp backflow of urine up the ureter and only a small amount enters the bladder. At the same time, the lower part of the ureter expands annularly;
• - a disease that disrupts oscillations, its channels and the functions of the sphincter of Oddi. As a result, there are difficulties with the excretion of bile. Women are more susceptible to dyskinesia;
• megacalicosis is an anomaly of the kidneys, which is characterized by an increase in small renal calyces due to cystic medullary dysplasia. With megakaliosis, the renal pelvis may have a standard size, and the enlarged calyces gradually pass into the pelvis itself. In the case of an increase in all groups of cups, a generalized form of megapolykalosis develops;
• spongy kidney - multicystic deformation of the renal tubules and collecting ducts of the Malpighian pyramids, due to which the appearance of the renal tissue changes (finely porous sponge). As complications appear: hematuria (blood in the urine), pyuria (purulent masses in the urine), etc.

Causing factors for renal colic

In addition to the causes, there are some factors that provoke the appearance of renal colic. The factors are:

• improper drinking regimen (lack or excess of fluid in the body);
• taking medicines intended for the treatment of kidney stones;
• trauma;
• long driving on rough roads;
• heavy physical activity;
• long walks.

Such factors lead to a change in the localization of small microliths (stones) and their subsequent removal through the ureter.

Symptoms

The main symptom of renal colic is considered to be sharp pain in the upper lumbar region or on the left side in the Mayo-Robson zone (costovertebral angle).

Most cases showed that pain attacks begin at night.

Pain can change location and move to the mesogastric region or to the final part of the digestive tract.

Symptoms in men are manifested by painful sensations in the penis and scrotum. Women feel pain all over the perineum. There may also be white or bloody discharge.

Attacks of pain last from 4 to 17 hours, the severity and location change. Patients become nervous and unable to take a position that would help reduce pain.

You can provide yourself with first aid for symptoms of renal colic on your own, but it is best to call a doctor in time.

In addition to a painful attack, it can develop:

• oliguria (slow formation of urine);
• anuria (urine does not enter the bladder);
• frequent and ineffectual urge to the toilet, accompanied by pain (tenesmus);
• strong cutting sensations in the urethra;
• dryness in the mouth;
• nausea;
• (high blood pressure);
• (violations of the heart rhythm and heart contractions);
• subfebrile condition (persistent temperature within 37.9 ° C);
• chills;
• hypotension (low blood pressure);
• pale skin;
• bradycardia (violation of the sinus rhythm of the heart).

After the attack ends, the release of an excessive volume of urine begins, in which red blood cells are present (macro- or microhematuria).

Signs of renal colic can be erroneously compared with conditions that are characterized by the same back pain and abdominal syndrome - aortic aneurysm, pathological pregnancy, perforated, torsion of the cystic pedicle of the ovary, testicular torsion in men, acute blockage of the mesenteric vessels, embolism, intervertebral hernia, etc. .

Symptoms in men suddenly appear due to excessive fluid intake or after strenuous physical activity. Symptoms of renal colic in women are manifested by nausea, general malaise, spasmodic pain in the upper lumbar region, which can spread to the abdominal cavity.

Classification of renal colic

Experts in the field of nephrology and urology divide kidney pain into two forms:

• One-sided. In this case, sharply arising pain attacks appear only on one side, that is, where pathology is present. Renal colic is right-sided and left-sided and appears from a certain side:
  • Right-sided. Pain on the right, causing pain, is associated with inflammation of the appendix, the presence of education, kidney abscess, rupture, etc .;
  • Left-sided. Some chronic inflammatory conditions contribute to the appearance of pain on the left: tumors of the left kidney (fibroma , adenoma), hydronephrosis, etc.;
• bilateral. The pain is piercing in nature and is felt throughout the lower back.

In addition to forms of pain, there are phases of development of pain attacks in renal colic:

• acute phase. Colic is sudden and often occurs at night when a person is sleeping. The reason may be a large amount of fluid drunk the day before, heavy physical exertion, stress, or the use of diuretic medications. The pain does not subside for a long time and can gradually increase. The intensity manifests itself as the rate of increase in fluid pressure in the ureter, and also depends on the person's susceptibility to pain. Strengthening or resumption of an attack can provoke a high level of ureteral oscillation frequency;
• constant phase. The pain that has reached the limit acquires a long course, that is, it may not go away for a long time. Often this phase is the most painful and lasts from 1 to 5 hours. Much less often, the duration of the attack is more than 12 hours. It is during the ongoing phase that patients seek medical attention;
• decay phase. In this phase, pain decreases until it disappears altogether. The cessation of pain can occur at any time after the onset of an attack of colic.

Diagnostics

To recognize and distinguish renal colic from similar symptoms, a set of diagnostic measures is carried out. Initially, the doctor examines the entire history and general clinical picture.

When feeling the lumbar region and lightly tapping on the costal arch, the patient feels pain. These signs indicate the presence of renal colic.

Urine for analysis is also prescribed, but only at the end of the pain attack. The study helps to identify the presence of fresh blood and purulent particles, leukocytes, epithelial cells, salts and protein.

The method of examination of the abdominal cavity using synoptic radiography will eliminate acute abdominal syndrome.

Thanks to X-ray and urogram too dense renal shadow in the perirenal fatty tissues is detected, intestinal pneumatosis is a pathology in which cysts filled with air form in the thickness of the walls of the intestine and stomach

Intravenous urography, aimed at clarifying the shift of the kidney, the transformation of the outlines of the pelvis and calyces, the nature of the rotation of the ureter, makes it possible to establish the main cause of the appearance of renal colic.

If a patient has an attack of kidney pain only at the initial stage, then it is possible chromocystoscopy (indigo carmine test). Thanks to this research method, a complete absence or temporary delay in the production of indigo carmine from a blocked ureter is detected, less often there is swelling, bleeding, or a stone trapped in the mouth.

To study the general condition of the urinary system is used ultrasound procedure the entire urinary system. To exclude the symptom complex of an acute abdomen (a pathology in which the peritoneum is irritated and the abdominal organs are severely damaged), a study of the pelvic organs and the entire space located in the body below the diaphragm is carried out.

Also, tomographic studies are considered effective diagnostic methods - computed and magnetic resonance imaging of the kidneys.

Differentiation of renal colic is necessary when:

• appendicitis, volvulus, pathological pregnancy, abdominal cavity and duodenitis (inflammation of the mucous membrane). With these pathologies, not only an ultrasound examination of the entire abdominal cavity is required, but also a transrectal and transvaginal examination;
• lumbar osteochondrosis. In this case, due to osteochondrosis, with any movement, a person feels severe pain, and in a static position, the pain subsides;
• . Pain is disturbing in the region of the lower costal edge, where the nerve is located;
• . Gradually, abundant itchy rashes appear on the skin in the form of small bubbles with a clear liquid inside.

Treatment of renal colic

Most often, patients experiencing renal colic require urgent emergency care. Hospitalization in the urological department and the presence there on a stationary basis are also mandatory.

Outpatient treatment is acceptable in case of moderate pain. Hospitalization is unconditionally subject to children and the elderly. With the initial symptoms of renal colic, you must go to the hospital.

Symptoms and treatment of consequences cause a lot of problems for the patient. Standard measures to eliminate and reduce pain include pain relief. For this, special injectable preparations are used.

In the hospital, anesthesia is done with the help of spinal anesthesia, peripheral blocking of nerve endings, novocaine blocking in men of the spermatic cord, and in women of the round ligament of the uterus.

If the patient has renal colic in the acute phase, then electropuncture is applied(exposure to electric current on bioactive points) and acupuncture(impact on the human body using special needles through certain points on the body).

If small stones are found in the ureter, it is recommended diadynamic therapy, ultrasound therapy and vibration therapy. Spa treatment is an important way in the fight against urolithiasis and its consequences.

Medical treatment

Also, the treatment of renal colic is carried out using certain groups of medicines.

The duration of drug treatment depends entirely on the underlying cause that led to the appearance of renal colic. The drugs include:

• antispasmodics: Bendazol, Driptan, Enablex, Dicetel, Librax, Altalex, Droverin, etc. These drugs are prescribed in case of passage of stones. The course of admission is 3-4 days;
• antibacterial drugs: Cefaclor, Aksetin, Abaktal, Nitroxoline, Vancomycin, Gentamicin, etc. The course of admission is from 10 to 20 days;
• painkillers: Analgin, Spazmalgon, Baralgetas, Tempalgin, Brustan, Dolospa, Trigan, etc. Painkillers should be prescribed by the attending physician and only after a clearly established diagnosis;
• drugs that improve the activity of the heart: Nitroglycerin, Verapamil, Anaprilin, Nerobol, Persantin, Riboxin, etc .;
• drugs to accelerate the dissolution of stones and reduce their crystallization: vitamin B6, Magnerot, Complivit Magnesium, Solgar Calcium-Magnesium-Zinc, etc.

Surgery

Surgical intervention is indicated only in case of failure of conservative treatment or the development of any complications.

Thanks to the operation, it is possible to completely neutralize the obstruction that caused the obstruction of the urinary tract. Indications for surgical treatment of renal colic are as follows:

• complications of urolithiasis - chronic pyelonephritis, acute obstructive pyelonephritis, pyonephrosis, purulent paranephritis, nephrosclerosis, chronic, etc.;
• hydronephrotic transformation of the kidney;
• spongy kidney;
• ineffectiveness of drug therapy;
• stones larger than 1 cm.

Usually, renal colic develops against the background of urolithiasis, so surgery involves the removal of stones.

In modern medicine, there are several effective ways to destroy and remove accumulated stones. The methods include:

• abdominal (open) surgery on the affected kidney;
• remote shock wave lithotripsy - crushing stones using special ultrasonic waves of directional action;
• stenting of the ureter. It is carried out retrograde through the bladder, using the introduction of a special endoscopic instrument - a cystourethroscope. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia and X-ray control;
• contact lithotripsy - crushing stones with the help of laser exposure;
• percutaneous nephrolithotomy - removal of stones with the least trauma. An incision is made on the skin in the area of ​​​​the projection of the collecting system of the kidneys, after which stones and all coral stones are removed.

The operation involves preliminary preparation. Preliminary delivery of urine and blood for analysis, the passage of ultrasound and radiographic examination of the kidneys is necessary. It is also necessary to consult with a therapist.

Additional methods of treating renal colic at home

Treatment of renal colic at home is not prohibited, but before starting it is still worth consulting with your doctor.

It is necessary to start treatment only after a clear and correct diagnosis. Alternative treatments include:

• compliance with the correct diet and diet;
• treatment of renal colic at home with folk remedies;
• physical exercises.

To improve the supply of the kidney capsule with blood, dilate the vessels, relieve spasms of the ureter and promote the movement of the stone, it is not necessary to take special preparations, this can be done using thermal procedures.

Using thermal procedures on the lumbar region, you can independently provide yourself with emergency care and quickly get rid of the pain syndrome, while improving the outflow of urine.

How to provide first aid for renal colic at home

To provide first aid for renal colic, you need to be warm, a hot bath is suitable, but the position should be sitting. However, you need to be sure that a person does not have cardiovascular diseases. Also, this method is contraindicated in pregnant women. A hot bath can be replaced with a warm heating pad, applying it to a sore spot.

To provide first aid for renal colic, the patient can be given antispasmodics. The drugs will help relax the walls of the ureter.

Food

One of the main factors that significantly affect the treatment of renal colic is proper nutrition. The diet should be aimed at reducing the likelihood of the formation of stones and sand in the kidneys. From the diet it is necessary to exclude:

• all fatty and fried foods;
• canned foods (tomatoes, cucumbers, etc.);
• salted fish (salmon, salmon, pink salmon, herring, sardines);
• alcoholic drinks;
• strong drinks (tea, coffee);
• broths cooked on meat;
• smoked meats (sausages, fish, ham, cheese, etc.).

Portions should be small. With renal colic, it is necessary to eat well-mashed vegetable soups, cereals and fresh fruits that do not contain irritating acids (bananas, pears, melons, sweet apples). But it is better to refuse lemons, oranges, grapefruits and other citrus fruits.

The fruit acid contained in citrus fruits irritates the receptors and can cause discomfort.

Folk remedies

Treatment of renal colic at home with folk remedies can be carried out.

More often, recipes based on medicinal herbs are used, which are also part of some medicines aimed at combating pain in renal colic.

Some herbs, like pharmaceutical preparations, have certain properties. These include:

• diuretic property - lingonberry fruits, wild strawberry leaves, calendula, rose hips, cudweed;
• bactericidal property - plantain, burnet, sweet clover, celandine, chicory, chamomile;
• antispasmodic action - parsley, birch buds, blue cornflower, valerian, sage, peppermint, viburnum;
• kidney cleansing from stones - sage, St. John's wort, knotweed, oregano, lemon balm.

How to relieve pain?

Recipes for neutralizing a pain attack in renal colic are as follows:

• Infusion. Prepare a herbal collection of birch leaves, mint, sage, harrow and rowan fruits. You should have 6 tablespoons in total. Pour the resulting collection with a liter of hot water and leave to infuse for 45 minutes. The broth must be drunk warm a maximum of 3 times a day for half a glass;
• Decoction of birch leaves. Pour 8 tablespoons of crushed birch leaves or buds with a liter of water and put in a water bath for 30 minutes. Drink warm 3 glasses a day;
• A decoction of lingonberry root. Pour the root itself with five liters and cook over medium heat until the water boils away exactly by half. The resulting broth to drink 150 grams three times a day;
• A decoction of celandine leaves. Pour 2 tablespoons of dried leaves into a glass of hot water. Infuse, strain, cool and drink half a glass twice a day before meals in the morning and evening;
• A decoction of rosehip root. 3 tablespoons of ground root pour 500 ml of water, cook for 25 minutes. Leave to infuse and cool. After drinking a glass 4 times a day. This decoction is able to dissolve stones in the urinary and gallbladder.

Physical exercises

Any heavy physical exercise during attacks of renal colic is of course prohibited. However, special physical therapy exercises as a preventive measure for urolithiasis are necessary. The main tasks of LFC include:

• improvement and normalization of metabolism;
• increasing the protective functions of the immune system;
• creation of conditions for the release of stones;
• normalization of the functioning of the kidneys and the process of urination.

Useful exercises aimed at a slight movement of the abdominal organs, stimulating the peristalsis of the ureter and contributing to their expansion.

Prevention

After the neutralization of the painful attack of renal colic and the treatment of the underlying disease, a period of rehabilitation begins. Her method is selected by the attending physician, taking into account the nature of the disease, the presence of complications, the age and general condition of the patient.

Patients must strictly follow the diet prescribed by the dietician. Failure to comply with proper nutrition can lead to relapses of diseases that cause renal colic. Engage in physical therapy and follow all the recommendations of the doctor.

As a preventive measure, sunbathing is not prohibited, since with this method the body is able to independently produce. Every day you should drink at least 2 liters of liquid, do not overcool and avoid injuries to the lower back, abdomen, genitals, etc.

Prognosis for patients

• stagnant urine infection. Against the background of this complication, the patient's temperature rises, it can reach 40 ° C, chills, dry mouth, pallor of the skin, severe headache and general malaise appear. In this case, with the wrong method of treatment, sepsis can develop - blood poisoning, leading to death;
• kidney failure. A continuous increase in pressure in the kidney contributes to a disturbed process of urine outflow. The kidney can permanently lose its main functions within a couple of days after a complete stop of the outflow of urine. This condition is considered the most dangerous and common among the causes of death of patients.

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Interesting

Many people assume that acute renal colic is an independent disease, but this is not entirely true. Most often, an attack is a consequence of the presence of another, usually urolithiasis. And it is necessary to begin treatment with the diagnosis and treatment of the underlying disease.

Causes of acute attacks

One of the most common causes of renal colic are stones in the ureter. It is they who become an obstacle to the normal outflow of urine into the bladder from the kidney, as a result of which a severe pain attack occurs.

In women, an attack may indicate the presence of some surgical pathologies associated with sexual function. In this case, the symptoms of the disease are not necessarily caused by a problem associated with the kidneys, but they can also be:

• ectopic pregnancy;
• damage to an ovarian cyst;
• rupture of the fallopian tube;
• ovarian apoplexy.

The pain syndrome, as a rule, is accompanied by a sharp increase in pressure in the kidney area and acute occlusion or blockage of the urinary tract with a stone. This disrupts the free passage of urine through the ureter, in the functional part of which edema appears, exerting strong pressure on the inner region of the kidney and the vessels in it. The result is severe pain.

Factors provoking the development of an attack

Symptoms of the disease, as a rule, come on quite unexpectedly. But there are a number of reasons that can affect the manifestation of the disease. These include:

• drinking large amounts of fluids or a number of diuretic foods, such as watermelon;
• prolonged shaking, such as when riding a horse or car on a rough road;
• long walk;
• excessive physical activity;
• falling on the back and hitting the kidneys;
• taking diuretics and herbs intended for use in urolithiasis;
• hormonal changes in women and the period of pregnancy;
• often renal colic occurs during complete relaxation, sleep and rest.

Symptoms

The main sign indicating the presence of kidney stones is severe, almost unbearable pain. An attack can also have the following symptoms:

• cramps in the urethra;
• flatulence;
• slight hypertension;
• tachycardia;
• dry mouth;
• frequent urination;
• chills;
• anuria;
• subfebrile condition;
• tenesmus;
• a significant decrease in the amount of urine, characteristic in the case of a complete blockage of one of the parts of the urinary tract.

If the presence of the disease is expressed by gynecological problems in women, then the following symptoms will prevail:

• pallor of the skin;
• increased pulsation;
• the presence of cold sweat;
• reduced BP.

By itself, the pain attack manifests itself as cramping, constant and bursting. The pain appears suddenly, quickly reaching its peak. The duration of the pain attack is from 3 to 18 hours in a row. The localization of pain depends on the specific location of the stones in the ureter. It can be:

• lumbar region - with stones in the upper part of the urinary tract;
• umbilical region and lower abdomen - when located in the middle or upper part of the ureter;
• suprapubic region and anterior thigh - with stones in the lower part of the urinary tract;
• in the area of ​​the labia in women - when the calculus is located in the juxtavesical section of the ureter.

Diagnostics

Diagnosing renal colic usually requires only a general collection of tests and an examination of the genitourinary tract on ultrasound. However, in some cases, ultrasound can not display the full picture of the disease. This is due to some anatomical features of the patient, for example, gas contamination of the intestinal tract, the presence of a large amount of excess weight, the chronic stage of the disease. In such complex cases, for more accurate diagnosis, the following can additionally be used:

• radioisotope scintigraphy;
• multislice tomography;
• radiographic excretory and survey urography.

Renal colic during pregnancy

The time of bearing a child does not at all imply the appearance and development of urolithiasis, but during this period of time, many women experience an exacerbation of existing ailments associated with the kidneys. Therefore, the likelihood that renal colic will make itself felt right now increases significantly.

Features of the disease

The main reason for the appearance of symptoms in pregnant women, as a rule, is the presence of pyelonephritis or urolithiasis. Localization of pain is most often manifested in the right side of the abdomen and extends to the entire inguinal region. Severe pain symptoms during pregnancy are often accompanied by: vomiting, nausea, chills and fever. There is an increased urge to urinate. In this case, blood inclusions can be observed in the urine.

Particularly severe seizures in women during pregnancy can lead to premature birth. Therefore, having discovered even minor symptoms of renal colic, it is recommended to immediately consult a specialist.

The urologist will remove the spasm and reduce the pain attack, which will help reduce tension on the walls of the ureter, improve urinary outflow and alleviate the general condition of the patient.

Before the arrival of professionals, you should try to relax and take the most comfortable position of the body. This often helps to move the formation that overlaps the ureter and reduce pain.

Contraindications for renal colic in pregnant women

You should not carry out any treatment on your own, as well as take any medications, including painkillers, without consulting a doctor. Also contraindicated:

• the use of a heating pad and other warming procedures;
• taking hot baths;
• the use of herbal tinctures.

Therapy

Basically, treatment for renal colic is based on the overall clinical picture and the size of the calculus itself. If the diameter of the formation does not exceed 6 mm, then its withdrawal can occur on its own. If the stone is much larger, and also if for some reason the urinary tract has narrowed, measures are required to eliminate it as soon as possible.

For this purpose, drugs that help dissolve formations, as well as antispasmodics, analgesics, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs, can be used. If the procedures do not bring the desired result, the treatment is supplemented by ureteral catheterization.

The decision to surgically remove the stone is taken as a last resort, when conservative treatment is completely ineffective. Also, the appointment of surgical intervention is necessary if serious complications have appeared as a result of the disease, there is a threat of bacteremic shock or acute purulent pyelonephritis.

Modern technologies make it possible to avoid standard open surgical intervention and perform surgical treatment with minimal damage, with virtually no pain.

You may also be interested

Renal colic is a medical term that refers to sharp cramping pains in the lumbar region and lower abdomen. More often it is a symptom of the disease and occurs under the influence of many factors. The appearance of colic does not depend on the position of the body or the time of day.

We previously wrote about, but let's take a closer look at its causes and the disease itself as a whole.

Renal colic is characterized by a violation of the outflow of urine when squeezed or obstructed in the urinary tract. At the same time, there is a sharp spasmolytic contraction of the smooth muscles of the urinary canals, which contributes to an increase in intrarenal pressure. As a result of such violations, a feeling of sharp and sudden pain occurs.

Contributing factors to development can be a genetic predisposition, mild urolithiasis, infectious, bacteriological, fungal diseases, elevated body temperature for a long period, lack of fluid in the body, dehydration, intense or excessive exercise.

Renal colic and their causes:

• the release of stones in urolithiasis;
• accumulation of pus, mucus, blood in the ureters;
• tumor neoplasms;
• inflammatory pathologies: pyelonephritis, nephritis, hydronephrosis;
• tuberculosis in the kidneys;
• inflammatory diseases: urethritis, periureteritis;
• blockage or other vascular pathologies of the kidneys (thrombosis, heart attack)
• nephroptosis, etc.

In men, inflammatory diseases of the prostate, prostate cancer, etc. can also cause spasm in the kidney. In women, an attack of renal colic can be caused by inflammatory processes in the uterus, appendages, fallopian tubes, cysts or ovarian rupture, pregnancy pathologies, spontaneous abortions, miscarriages. Let's take a closer look at the main reasons.

Urolithiasis disease

In almost 85% of cases of pain caused by a spasm in the kidneys, it occurs. The formation and accumulation of stones in the urinary system is caused by a violation of metabolic processes in the body: salt, water, electrolyte balance. This leads to an increase in the density of urine and the formation of stones.

The state of urine is affected by urea, creatinine, sodium, magnesium and citric acid. At the same time, calcium, oxalates, uric acid contribute to the formation of stones in urine, an increased amount of which leads to the formation of stones.

Other causes of kidney stones are:

• Hot climatic conditions.
• High hardness of water, which is subject to daily use and its composition.
• A proper diet is the foundation of a normal metabolism. With a lack or excess of any vitamins or minerals, the risk of calculus formation increases.
• Insufficient fluid intake leads to dehydration, disruption of metabolic processes in the body and an increase in the density of urine.
• Anomalies in the structure and location of the organs of the urinary system.
• The reflux of urine into the kidney contributes to the stagnation of urine.
• Infectious, bacteriological or fungal agents that interfere with nutrient absorption. As well as water-salt and electrolyte balance.
• Gout leads to metabolic disorders and the accumulation of uric acid in the body.

Renal colic accompanies urolithiasis only at the stage of blockage of the ureters or urinary canals, in the process of the release of the calculus, which is accompanied by pain, uremia and stagnation of urine. At the initial stages, urolithic pathology proceeds with the absence of a clinical picture.

Pinching or narrowing of the ureter is accompanied by an increase in pressure in the pelvicalyceal system in the kidneys. Renal colic in children often occurs for this reason.

Pathological mobility of the kidney leads to pinching or stretching of the renal vessels and ureter. occurs when the apparatus supporting the kidney fails. Often diagnosed in women during pregnancy.

Neoplasms of a malignant (oncology) or benign (hemangioma) character. Such obstacles can lead to a change in the direction and nature of the outflow of urine, as well as a narrowing of the lumen of the urinary tract.

Injuries in the peritoneum, lower back can seriously harm the internal organs. With a strong blow or mechanical impact, superficial tissues get under the blow, on which scars form, causing a narrowing of the ureter.

With a hereditary predisposition to diseases of the urinary system, as well as genetic anomalies in the structure and location of the organ, the likelihood of colic in the kidneys increases.

Uremia

The formation of blood and blockage of the lumen of the ureters and urethra, possibly after trauma, unsuccessful operations, tumors. Injury to the lower back and peritoneum can lead to rupture of blood vessels and the opening of internal bleeding. If blood enters the urine, there is a high probability of its coagulation.

The cause of uremia are stones, which, while moving through the organs of the urinary system, injure them with the release of blood. Tumors, benign and malignant, reaching large sizes, put pressure on the vessels, which gradually burst and let blood into the urine.

accumulation of pus

The formation of pus occurs when the kidneys are damaged by inflammatory diseases. The most common is pyelonephritis. Large volumes of pus in the urine form clots and, moving along the course of urine, narrow the lumen of the ureters. The main causes of purulent discharge in pyelonephritis are staphylococcus viruses, Escherichia coli, Proteus and others. These infections come across the urinary organs with blood, lymph or other affected urinary organs. Also, the likelihood of kidney infection increases with non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene, hypothermia, a decrease in the body's immune forces or diseases of the endocrine system.

Allergy

The clinic of renal colic can also manifest itself during swelling of the mucous membranes of the kidney, urethra and ureters. When the allergen enters the urinary organs, the vessels and lymph nodes expand, which put pressure on the ureters, preventing the normal outflow of urine.

Symptoms of the disease

The clinical picture depends on the disease of the underlying cause: the main symptoms of renal colic in men and women are the same - the first feeling is a sharp, piercing pain.

Bilateral renal colic is accompanied by pain on both sides of the lumbar, groin and abdominal region. Left-sided renal colic is manifested by pain from the location of the left organ. Right-sided renal colic is manifested by pain on the right, which is often confused with inflammation of the appendix or liver pathologies.

Acute renal colic and its signs of renal colic in men leads to the appearance of a sharp cutting pain in the navel and radiating to the side of the diseased organ when the place where the ureter flows into the pelvis is blocked. If the pain that appears in the navel radiates to the femoral region, then the problem may be in the ureter. Renal colic in men, accompanied by pain in the penis, and in women in the clitoris, indicates problems in the area where the ureter enters the bladder.

The next sign is an upset digestive system. These disorders are accompanied by nausea, flatulence, a feeling of not emptying the intestines. Also, one-time vomiting with renal colic often occurs.

Diuretic disorders are manifested as a strong cutting pain during urination, which is accompanied by pain in the inguinal, lumbar and pelvic regions. With renal colic, blood, blood clots, streaks, or purulent and mucous discharges are observed in the urine.

Renal colic symptoms in men and women of general intoxication: fever, fever and chills. An increase in blood pressure may occur, which is affected by increased intra-renal pressure or as a result of severe pain, which affects the functioning of the nervous system, causing malfunctions of the heart.

Diagnostics

Renal colic diagnosis is carried out by questioning and examining the patient, conducting laboratory and instrumental research methods.

Interrogation and inspection

Questioning the patient helps to determine the nature and duration of the pain syndrome, concomitant symptoms and disorders of the digestive system, cardiovascular system, as well as diuretic dysfunction. Special attention is paid to the issue of hereditary predisposition to any pathology and abnormal structure of the organs of the urinary system. During the survey, it is determined whether the patient had inflammatory diseases, urolithiasis, tumors or nephroptosis in the past.

Also an important point in the process of collecting anamnesis is data on the way of nutrition, the amount of fluid consumed, the region of residence, and the place of work. The urologist also takes into account the pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, the musculoskeletal system.

Inspection consists in palpation of the area where the pain syndrome appears.

Laboratory diagnostics

Laboratory diagnostic methods involve the study of general indicators of urine, the bacteriological environment and its resistance to antibacterial drugs. For research, it is necessary to pass the morning and daily portions of urine. In the course of laboratory diagnostics, the volume and density of urine, the presence of mucus, blood, salts, minerals, the concentration of urea and creatinine in it are determined. The data obtained help to determine the condition of the kidneys and other urinary organs. With colic against the background of other diseases, there is an increase in calcium, oxalates, uremia, and pus.

Instrumental Research

The main research methods are ultrasound and X-ray diagnostics. These methods allow you to determine the state of the urinary system, their structure. In the course of instrumental diagnostics, it is necessary to examine the intestines, the accumulation of gases in which can cause intestinal colic, which is often confused with renal.

The pathology of the kidneys will be indicated by the increased size of the CHLS, the growth of the boundaries of the organ, the formation and accumulation of sand, salts and stones, edema, pus.

X-ray diagnostics has more clear data in comparison with ultrasound. To make a correct diagnosis, an x-ray examination of the abdomen is performed, which helps to visualize the internal organs. If necessary, a contrast method of research can be used - it involves the introduction of an intravenous dye, which is absorbed by the organs of the urinary system and excreted in the urine.

Distinctive diagnosis

Differential diagnosis of renal colic is necessary for acute abdominal pathologies, gynecological diseases, genitourinary pathologies in men and neurological disorders.

Renal colic and differential diagnosis is carried out by excluding a disease that is not accompanied by signs that are present in the patient.

Renal colic on the right can be an attack of appendicitis, as they have a similar symptomatic picture. Differences of pathologies:

• with colic, the pain is mobile and can radiate to the femoral and inguinal regions; with appendicitis, the pain is localized only in the right side;
• in the supine position, the feeling of pain with appendicitis subsides, with colic there is no improvement.

It is necessary to distinguish between renal and hepatic colic, which are accompanied by the same clinical picture. However, with a spasm in the kidney, there is a connection with the diet (when eating fried, fatty foods, the likelihood of spasm and pain increases three hours after eating), which is not observed with the liver. Also, the pain in the pathology is directed upwards, in the hepatic - downwards.

It is also necessary to distinguish intestinal disorders, including obstruction or colic from spasm in the kidney. During the exclusion study, attention is drawn to the nature of the vomiting. The first is accompanied by repeated vomiting, which does not bring relief. In the second pathology, vomiting occurs only once.

Pain associated with problems of the musculoskeletal system can be differentiated using the behavioral reactions of the patient regarding pain attacks: with problems of the musculoskeletal system, the patient freezes with spasm. The pain spreads all over the back and buttocks.

First aid

First aid for renal colic involves the use of elementary techniques to reduce pain. First aid for renal colic includes:

• taking a hot bath - helps relieve spasm and eliminate pain;
• the bath can be replaced with local heat by applying a heating pad or a bottle of warm water to the sore spot;
• taking antispasmodics, the most suitable drug for reducing spasm and pain is No-shpa;
• painkillers (Ketones, Ibuprofen) should be taken with extreme caution: let's take it for left-sided pain, since pain on the right side can be a sign of most other diseases.

Prevention

If urolithiasis has become the cause of muscle spasm, the main preventive measure is diet, with the exclusion of certain foods, depending on the type of stones.

Prevention of renal colic: reduce the negative impact of stress, avoid hypothermia, dehydration, injury and an inactive lifestyle.

Treatment

Emergency care for renal colic is carried out after the diagnosis is made. To this end, renal colic assistance involves intramuscular administration of antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory drugs (Metamizol, Ketorolac, Drotaverine).

Further, medical staff, referring to how renal colic manifests itself, decide on hospitalization, which is necessary if the pain syndrome affects both organs or one in the absence of the second. Also, observation in the hospital is necessary for the elderly and patients whose pain has not disappeared after taking antispasmodics. Of particular danger is spasm, accompanied by signs of intoxication, disruption of other systems.

Operation

Surgical emergency care is carried out for urolithiasis and other serious complications (hydronephrosis, wrinkling, lack of effect from drug treatment).

With renal colic, first aid is promptly carried out with large sizes of calculi by remote wave crushing of stones, endoscopic and open surgery on the kidney.

Also, surgery is necessary when there are complications of renal colic:

• pyelonephritis and hydronephrosis against the background of urinary retention, which leads to the development of infection;
• uremic intoxication;
• intoxication of the body with harmful compounds that have been accumulated during urolithiasis.

A spasm in the kidney is accompanied by a feeling of pain, which can migrate to the navel, lower back, groin. As a rule, this is one of the symptoms of kidney pathologies, therefore it does not develop on its own and is accompanied by other symptoms of the underlying disease. If pain occurs, it is necessary to take a hot bath or apply a warm compress, take No-shpa before the ambulance arrives. In a hospital setting, pathology is treated using conservative therapy or surgically.