HIV statistics. The AIDS epidemic in Russia and in the world - the scale of the problem and the role of public events in its solution

In Moscow, the number of newly infected with HIV increased by 20% over the year. The disease continues to spread due to insufficient actions of the authorities to prevent it, academician Vadim Pokrovsky believes

Growing regions

In Moscow in 2017, 20.4% more cases of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus were registered than in 2016, follows from the data published in the annual statistical collection of the Ministry of Health.

In 2016, 2.4 thousand cases of the disease were detected (.doc), and in 2017 - 2.9 thousand. The certificate does not contain statistics on the total number of people infected with HIV. RBC sent a request to the Ministry of Health with a request to provide it. The head of the health department, Aleksey Khripun, refused to talk to RBC and referred him to the head of the press service. RBC is awaiting a response from the press service of the Moscow Health Department.

According to the Federal Scientific and Methodological Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS (AIDS Center) of Rospotrebnadzor, the total number of registered Russians with HIV has reached more than 1.22 million people (living and dead). At the end of 2017, more than 944,000 people living with HIV lived in the country.

In two regions, the increase in cases was more than 100%: 151.7 and 133.3% in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and the Republic of Tyva, respectively. In Chukotka, the number of newly infected people has increased from 29 to 73 people (the population of the region is less than 50 thousand people), and in Tuva - from nine to 21 (the population is about 310 thousand people). In the Tambov region, the republics of Mari El, Karelia and the Ivanovo region, the increase was from 50 to 66%. A serious increase in the incidence was recorded by the Ministry of Health in Rostov (from 1.6 thousand to 2.1 thousand people), Irkutsk (from 3.5 thousand to 4.2 thousand) and Novosibirsk regions (from 3.5 thousand to 4 thousand people).

The number of HIV-infected people in the Perm Territory and the Moscow Region also increased by an average of 400 people: from 3.3 thousand to 3.7 thousand and from 2.6 thousand to 3 thousand people, respectively. In another region, the Sverdlovsk region, the number of new infections did not increase: in 2016 there were 6.3 thousand, and in 2017 - 6.2 thousand people.

RBC sent inquiries to the regions where there has been an increase in the number of new cases, asking them to explain how local authorities are fighting the spread of HIV.

Lack of prevention

The increase in the number of infected people can partly be explained by the improvement in the quality of testing of the population, academician Vadim Pokrovsky believes. But the main reason is that the preventive measures taken by the authorities are insufficient. “The government does not pay enough attention to regions where the situation has not yet reached a critical level. All forces are aimed at fighting the epidemic in large cities, which is fundamentally wrong, since it is easier to prevent than to fight another epidemic later,” he said.

To stop the epidemic, Pokrovsky will finance the purchase of anti-HIV drugs (now the state allocates an average of about 20 billion rubles a year for these purposes), improve the availability of condoms and inform the population about ways to protect against HIV.

How HIV is spread

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is transmitted through unprotected sexual contact, when the blood of an HIV-infected person enters the body of a healthy person, including when it is transfused, and when non-sterile medical instruments are used. HIV infection is not transmitted by kissing, shaking hands, etc. There is, which, without completely destroying the virus, stops its development and makes the infected person harmless to others.

The Ministry of Health considers only those infected who turned to medical institutions subordinate to the ministry for help, Academician Pokrovsky explained the difference in the calculations.

According to UNAIDS, the United Nations organization against AIDS, we have prepared a list of countries where you should be especially careful not to catch the "plague of the 20th century".

The topic of the article is not the most pleasant, but “forewarned is forearmed”, the problem exists and just turning a blind eye to it is unforgivable carelessness. Travelers and so often risk their health, fortunately, with lesser consequences, but it’s still not worth putting yourself in danger.

Although the country is the most developed on the African continent, the number of HIV-infected people here is a record - 5.6 million. This is despite the fact that there are 34 million patients in the world, and the population of South Africa is about 53 million, that is, more than 15% live with the virus.

What you need to know: the majority of HIV-infected people are blacks from disadvantaged suburbs. It is this group that is in the worst social conditions with all the ensuing consequences: drug addiction, promiscuous sex, unsanitary conditions. Most of the patients were recorded in the provinces of KwaZulu-Natal (the capital is Durban), Mpumalanga (Nelspraid), Freestate (Blomfontien), North-West (Mafikeng) and Gauteng (Johannesburg).

Nigeria

Here, there are 3.3 million carriers of HIV infection, although this is less than 5% of the population: Nigeria recently displaced Russia, taking 7th place in the world - 173.5 million people. In big cities, the disease spreads due to antisocial behavior, and in rural areas due to constant labor migration and "free" customs and traditions.

What you need to know: Nigeria is not the most hospitable country and the Nigerians themselves are well aware of this. Therefore, the receiving party will certainly take care of safety and warn against dangerous contacts.

Kenya

The country accounts for 1.6 million infected, just over 6% of the population. At the same time, women are more likely to suffer from the disease - about 8% of Kenyan women are infected. As in many African countries, the status of a woman, and hence her level of security and education, is still very low.

What you need to know: a safari in a national park or a beach and hotel vacation in Mombasa are quite safe activities, unless, of course, you specifically look for illegal entertainment.

Tanzania

A country quite friendly for tourists with a bunch of interesting places, it is also dangerous in terms of HIV infection, although not like many other states in Africa. According to recent studies, the HIV/AIDS incidence rate in Tanzania is 5.1%. There are fewer infected men, but the gap is not as large as, for example, in Kenya.

What you need to know: Tanzania, by African standards, is a fairly prosperous country, so if you follow the obvious rules, the threat of infection is minimal. High, more than 10, the percentage of infected people in the Njobe region and the capital Dar es Salaam. Fortunately, both of them are far from the tourist routes, unlike Kilimanjaro or the island of Zanzibar.

Mozambique

The country is deprived not only of sights, but also of elementary infrastructure from hospitals to roads and water supply. In addition, many of the consequences of the civil war are still unresolved. Of course, an African country in this state could not avoid an epidemic: according to various estimates, from 1.6 to 5.7 people are infected - conditions simply do not allow an accurate study. Due to the widespread spread of the immunodeficiency virus, foci of tuberculosis, malaria and cholera often break out.

What you need to know: a dysfunctional country, an outsider even in its own region. The chance of getting infected here is higher than in others, so precautions should be taken especially carefully.

Uganda

A country with good potential for classic safari tourism, which it has been actively developing lately. Plus, Uganda has been and remains one of the most progressive countries in terms of HIV prevention and diagnosis in Africa. The first specialized clinic was opened here, and disease testing centers operate throughout the country.

What you need to know: risk groups are the same as everywhere else: drug addicts, former prisoners - it will not be difficult for a sane tourist not to intersect with them.

Zambia and Zimbabwe

These countries are similar in many ways, even the main attraction, they have one for two: Victoria Falls is located right on the border - tourists can come to it from both sides. In terms of living standards and the incidence of AIDS, the countries are also not far from each other - in Zambia there are almost a million infected, in Zimbabwe - 1.2. This is the average figure for Southern Africa - from 5% to 15% of the population.

What you need to know: there are problems with the provision of medicines, in addition, in rural areas, many self-medicate and practice useless rituals. Therefore, the disease, typical for cities, has also reached remote areas.

India

There are 2.4 million HIV-infected people here, however, against the background of 1.2 billion people, this does not look so frightening - less than 1%. The main risk group is sex workers. 55% of HIV-positive Indians live in the four southern states of Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. In Goa, the incidence rate is far from the highest for India - 0.6% of men and 0.4% of women.

What you need to know: Fortunately, HIV infection, unlike many other tropical diseases, depends indirectly on unsanitary conditions. Outright dirt and crampedness is a normal condition for India. The main thing, as, by the way, in any country, is to try not to appear in public places if there are wounds and cuts on the body, not to wear open shoes in the city, and we are not even talking about dubious entertainment.

Ukraine

Eastern Europe, unfortunately, over the past decades has shown a positive trend in the incidence of HIV / AIDS, and Ukraine consistently tops this sad list. Today, slightly more than 1% of people in the country are HIV-infected.

What you need to know: A few years ago, unprotected sex became the way the disease spread, overtaking injections with dirty syringes. Dnepropetrovsk, Donetsk, Odessa and Nikolaev regions are unfavorable. There are 600-700 infected per 100 thousand inhabitants. Kyiv, where tourists most often come, has an average level, and Transcarpathia has the lowest rate in the country.

America is in 9th place in the world in terms of the number of carriers of HIV infection - 1.2 million people. Such a high rate in one of the most prosperous countries is due to the high level of drug addiction, unresolved social contradictions, and active migration. And the violent, dissolute 60s were not in vain for the health of the nation. Of course, the disease is concentrated on specific groups of people who in the United States most often live not only separately from everyone, but localized, in “bad” areas.

What you need to know: Here are ten cities where the percentage of HIV-positive patients is highest (in descending order): Miami, Baton Rouge, Jacksonville, New York, Washington, Columbia, Memphis, Orlando, New Orleans, Baltimore.

South Africa

What you need to know: Most HIV-infected people are blacks from disadvantaged suburbs. It is this group that is in the worst social conditions with all the ensuing consequences: drug addiction, promiscuous sex, unsanitary conditions. Most of the patients were recorded in the provinces of KwaZulu-Natal (the capital is Durban), Mpumalanga (Nelspraid), Freestate (Blomfontien), North-West (Mafikeng) and Gauteng (Johannesburg).

Nigeria

What you need to know: Nigeria is not the most hospitable country and the Nigerians themselves are well aware of this. Therefore, the receiving party will certainly take care of safety and warn against dangerous contacts.

Kenya

The country accounts for 1.6 million infected, just over 6% of the population. At the same time, women are more likely to suffer from the disease - about 8% of Kenyans are infected. As in many African countries, the status of a woman, and hence her level of security and education, is still very low.

What you need to know: a safari in a national park or a beach and hotel vacation in Mombasa are quite safe activities, unless, of course, you specifically look for illegal entertainment.

Tanzania

A country quite friendly for tourists with a bunch of interesting places is also dangerous in terms of HIV infection, although not like many other states in Africa. According to recent studies, the HIV/AIDS incidence rate in Tanzania is 5.1%. There are fewer infected men, but the gap is not as large as, for example, in Kenya.

What you need to know: Tanzania is a fairly prosperous country by African standards, so if you follow the obvious rules, the threat of infection is minimal. High, more than 10, the percentage of infected people in the Njobe region and the capital Dar es Salaam. Fortunately, both of them are far from the tourist routes, unlike Kilimanjaro or the island of Zanzibar.

Mozambique

Uganda

What you need to know: risk groups are the same as everywhere else: drug addicts, former prisoners - it will not be difficult for a sane tourist not to intersect with them.

Zambia and Zimbabwe

These countries are similar in many ways, even the main attraction, they have one for two: it is located right on the border - tourists can come to it from both sides. In terms of living standards and the incidence of AIDS, the countries are also not far from each other - in Zambia there are almost a million infected, in Zimbabwe - 1.2. This is an average figure for Southern Africa - from 5% to 15% of the population.

What you need to know: there are problems with the provision of medicines, in addition, in rural areas, many self-medicate and practice useless rituals. Therefore, the disease, typical for cities, has also reached remote areas.

India

There are 2.4 million HIV-infected people here, although against the background of 1.2 billion people this does not look so frightening - less than 1%. The main risk group is sex workers. 55% of Indians with HIV-positive status live in four southern states - Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. In Goa, the incidence rate is far from the highest for - 0.6% of men and 0.4% of women.

What you need to know: Fortunately, HIV infection, unlike many other tropical diseases, depends indirectly on unsanitary conditions. Outright filth and tightness is a normal condition for India. The main thing, as, by the way, in any country, is to try not to appear in public places if there are wounds and cuts on the body, not to wear open shoes in the city, and we are not even talking about dubious entertainment.

Ukraine

What you need to know: a few years ago, unprotected sex became a way to spread the disease, overtaking injections with dirty syringes. Dnepropetrovsk, Donetsk, Odessa and Nikolaev regions are unfavorable. There are 600-700 infected per 100 thousand inhabitants. Kyiv, where tourists most often come, has an average level, and Transcarpathia has the lowest rate in the country.

USA

America is in 9th place in the world in terms of the number of carriers of HIV infection - 1.2 million people. Such a high rate in one of the most prosperous countries is due to the high level of drug addiction, unresolved social contradictions, and active migration. And the violent, dissolute 60s were not in vain for the health of the nation. Of course, the disease is concentrated on specific groups of people who most often live not only separately from everyone, but localized, in “bad” areas.

What you need to know: Here are ten cities where the percentage of HIV-positive patients is highest (in descending order): Miami, Baton Rouge, Jacksonville, New York, Washington, Columbia, Memphis, Orlando, New Orleans, Baltimore.

Photo: thinkstockphotos.com, flickr.com

In Russia, 1 million HIV-infected people are officially registered. According to the Federal Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS, 5,000–6,000 Russians could have contracted the infection over the New Year holidays alone.

A laboratory assistant performs a blood test for HIV status (Photo: RIA Novosti)

The number of people infected with HIV in Russia has officially reached 1 million people. Such data was given to Interfax by Vadim Pokrovsky, head of the Federal Scientific and Methodological Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS of the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor.

The millionth case was included in the database of HIV-positive citizens of Russia on Wednesday, January 20, Pokrovsky specified. They became a 26-year-old woman who was examined in the Rostov region. She was suspected of having a sexually transmitted infection. The diagnosis was made on December 25, 2015.

Pokrovsky warned that this was far from the last case discovered in 2015. He noted that messages from the regions will continue to arrive throughout February, and belated ones in March. The doctor predicts that more than 93,000 new cases will be reported in 2015. Pokrovsky called this the highest indicator for all the years of detection of cases.

“It is very likely that another 5-6 thousand Russians became infected with HIV during the fun New Year holidays,” he said.

Commenting on the last registered case of HIV infection, Pokrovsky noted that infection of young women through sexual contact is now typical. He explained that more than 2% of men aged 25-40 are already carriers of HIV. In 2015, approximately 53% of cases were associated with drug use, 43% with sexual contact between men and women, and 1.5% with homosexual contacts. 2.5% of cases relate to children born to HIV-infected mothers. But their diagnosis can be removed after an additional examination.

According to Pokrovsky, since the first case of HIV was registered in Russia in 1987, about 205,000 HIV-infected people have died for various reasons. He noted that not the entire population has been examined, and according to expert data, up to 1.5 million people can already be carriers of HIV in Russia.

At the end of October, the head of the Ministry of Health, Veronika Skvortsova, warned. According to her, by 2020 the number of HIV-infected people in Russia may increase by 250%. This will happen if the financing of treatment by the state remains at the same level.

Speaking about the situation in 2015, she noted that “the current amount of funding” will provide antiretroviral therapy to about 200 thousand HIV-infected people - 23% of their total number. With an additional reduction in drug prices, the maximum coverage will be 25-30%. Skvortsova also drew attention to the WHO recommendation, according to which the coverage of treatment for HIV-infected people should be at least 60-80% and approach total.

At the same time, Skvortsova noted that this year funding for programs to combat HIV infection will be increased by 20 billion rubles. According to her, "this is a very large amount."

Earlier in Rospotrebnadzor the situation with HIV in Russia. This opinion was expressed by the head of the epidemiological surveillance department of the St. Petersburg department of the department, Irina Chkhingeria. She noted that now in Russia about 1% of people live with HIV, and 30% do not know about it.

According to her, the fact that the epidemic has moved out of traditional risk groups into the general population is evidenced by the involvement of women of childbearing age. She cited data according to which 1% of pregnant women in Russia are HIV-infected, about 600 births are delivered to such women every year.

Chkhingeria noted that the level of HIV incidence in Russia is 50.4 cases per 100,000 people, but in some regions this figure is much higher. In particular, such a situation was recorded in the Kemerovo, Sverdlovsk, Tomsk and Novosibirsk regions.

Thanks to HIV statistics, it is possible to track the number of people who suffer from this disease and, on this basis, to prepare preventive and curative measures. The problem of HIV in Russia is very urgent. Recently, there has been a real HIV epidemic in Russia, which requires the correct development of methods for treating pathology.

With untimely treatment of pathology, the rapid development of AIDS in the world is observed. The disease is characterized by gradual progression and spread among the population. Statistics show that HIV is spreading rapidly around the world. The degree of development of HIV in countries directly depends on their economic, moral and social development. In Eastern Europe and Central Asia, the prevalence of the disease is at its highest level. Latin America is in second place. The third adult HIV prevalence by country is found in North America and Western and Central Europe.

The HIV statistics in Russia are deplorable. Officially, this disease is diagnosed in one million 200 thousand people. The number of HIV-infected people is increasing against the background of a variety of addictions - drug addiction, alcoholism. Among the countries of the world, HIV in Russia is diagnosed quite often.

The level of HIV incidence in Russia by city is quite high. People who live in St. Petersburg, Moscow, etc. suffer most often from the virus.

The main thing about the prevention of HIV and AIDS infection

In order to stop AIDS in Russia, it is necessary to carry out its prevention in a timely manner. To reduce the number of people infected with HIV in Russia , several directions are recommended. In order to limit the development of HIV infection in Russia, it is recommended to limit the amount of vertical transmission of pathology.

Vaccines are used to fight and prevent various infectious diseases. In order to reduce the spread of AIDS in Russia, it is also necessary to use vaccination. But, unfortunately, to date, an effective preventive method has not been developed.

In most cases, the pathological process is transmitted sexually. That is why a variety of educational programs are being developed that teach people the correct sexual behavior. They argue that by excluding sexual intercourse without barrier contraception with untested partners, the amount of infection is significantly reduced.

A variety of educational programs are quite effective. They talk about the features of the course of the pathological process, as well as its complications. Programs are built on training and support methods, which make it possible to reduce the individual risk of infection.

The type of contact directly affects the risk of contracting the disease. It can be sexual - vaginal and anal. The infection is also transmitted through injections. That is why it is often diagnosed in people who regularly take drugs. Quite rarely, an accidental infection with an infection that enters through the wounds on the human body is diagnosed.

During the period of prevention of the pathological process, it is recommended to take into account the fact of vulnerability. This group includes people who, under various circumstances, cannot protect themselves from infection. In this case, constant monitoring of events in a person's life is recommended. This greatly increases the possibility of dangerous contacts and human infection.

The occurrence of pathology is diagnosed only upon contact with an infected person. Through contact with animals and insects, HIV infection is impossible. The infection is found in various fluids - vaginal secretions, blood, breast milk, semen. That is why there are three ways of infection:

Through the blood. Transfusion of this fluid, transplantation of tissues and organs are common causes of infection. The disease can be diagnosed when using a non-sterile instrument during medical manipulations and cosmetic procedures. If a person uses non-sterile syringes to inject drugs, then this can cause pathology.
From mother to child. When a child passes through the birth canal of an infected mother during the childbearing process, this can cause illness. One of the ways of transmission of infection is breastfeeding a newborn baby.
Unprotected sexual contact. Transmission of infection is observed not only in heterosexual, but also in homosexuality.

People should remember that HIV is not transmitted by contact, through household items, food and money. With the simultaneous use of common personal belongings and premises, the development of the pathological process is not observed.

HIV infection is a rather severe infectious process, which is quite difficult to treat. The disease can lead to a variety of undesirable effects, one of which is death. That is why the prevention of pathology should be carried out regularly.

Statistics

The HIV statistics are frightening. As of January 1, 2017, the number of HIV-infected people in Russia was 870,952 people. In accordance with HIV statistics in Russia, the disease is most often diagnosed in patients whose age is 30-39 years old - men and 25-29 years old - women. In recent years, there has been a more frequent diagnosis of the pathological process in adolescence and adolescence.

Official HIV and AIDS statistics in Russia show the number of deaths that occur with the disease. In the previous year, 30,550 deaths were registered. In Russia, HIV statistics annually give figures that are dynamically increasing.

If we consider HIV in Russia by region, the disease is most often diagnosed in the Sverdlovsk region. In second place is the Irkutsk region, and in the third place is the Kemerovo region. Further, according to the degree of reduction in the spread of infection, HIV statistics indicate the following areas:

Chelyabinsk;
Novosibirsk;
Ulyanovsk, etc.

The percentage of HIV-infected people in Russia is constantly increasing. HIV statistics in Russian cities provides information that the pathology develops most often in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Sverdlovsk, Kemerovo, Chelyabinsk, Kaliningrad, etc. A sufficient number of HIV patients is in Ulyanovsk and Novosibirsk. The leaders in the spread of HIV infection in Russia are such cities as Orenburg and Tyumen. The incidence is quite intensively increasing in Tyumen and Samara.

With untimely treatment of the pathological process, people often die. This year, 243,863 people died of AIDS. Top Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome rating opens Tyva and Mordovia. Mortality and birth rate of affected children is constantly increasing.

How many people have AIDS in Russia directly depends on the age, region of residence and lifestyle of the person.

conclusions

The number of AIDS patients in Russia is constantly increasing. Among residents of various countries, HIV prevalence is observed in the adult population. The disease is diagnosed most often in people who lead an immoral lifestyle. Country statistics confirm that AIDS is more common in immunocompromised people.

There are 1,114,815 registered cases of the disease in our country. At the same time, a constant registration of new identified cases of HIV infection is carried out. There are 700,000 deaths per million infected. Every fifth person infected with HIV dies. Treatment of patients with HIV should be given due attention.

To reduce the growth of new cases of infection, it is recommended to carry out the prevention of the disease in a timely manner. In this case, it is necessary to limit unverified sexual contacts between men and women. The most disadvantaged are recommended to be trained with the help of special educational programs. This will reduce the total number of carriers of the infection. To fight HIV, the patient must seek help from a doctor who, after an appropriate diagnosis, will prescribe adequate treatment.