How to develop memory and attention in a student. Exercises. How to develop attention in younger students
Check it out buddy
Are you ready to start the lesson?
Everything is in place, everything is in order:
Pencils and notebook?
Have you checked? Sit down!
Work diligently!
II. Warm up.
1. We continue to solve problems for the development of attention. Why does a person need to be mindful?
We are going on a journey through rough waters on a beautiful sailboat. What shall we name our ship? We are the crew of the Druzhba sailing ship. There are many trials ahead of us. I hope you will overcome them with dignity, and our friendship will help. So, go!
4. a/ Planned on the 2nd. These numbers are added up and get 9. What numbers are conceived?
b/ 2 numbers are guessed. Their difference is 3. What are these numbers?
lv. Fizkultminutka. Pier "Play-ka".
Like soldiers on parade
We walk side by side
Left - one, left - one,
Look at us all.
Everyone clapped their hands -
Friendly, have fun!
Our feet pounded
Louder and faster!
Let's hit the knees -
Hush, hush, hush!
Handles, handles raise -
Higher, higher, higher!
Our hands are turned
Were down again.
We circled around
And they stopped.
We kick top - top,
We clap hands - clap!
We eyes a moment - a moment,
We shoulders chik-chik.
One - here, two - there,
Turn around yourself.
1. So, we arrived at the port of destination "Attention". Dictation on the cell field in notebooks on page 30.
Vl. Summary of the lesson.
Our sea voyage has ended. What did you like and remember?
In memory of the exciting swimming you get medals.
Well done guys, you coped with all the trials and did not sink our sailboat.
Exercises to develop the attention of children of primary school age
Exercise "My favorite fruit"
^ 2. Exercise "I won't go astray"
^
^
^
^
Types and properties of attention
Attention is closely related to interest and is therefore subdivided into arbitrary and involuntary. Voluntary attention is subject to conscious goals. Subordinating his attention at first to the verbal instructions of the teacher, the student gradually learns to formulate the tasks facing him and organizes his attention. Arbitrary attention requires a certain experience, the ability to organize their activities. Therefore, involuntary attention appears earlier in children, and only later, in the course of their development, voluntary, intentional attention is formed.
Another property is attention span. This is the number of objects that can simultaneously be in the zone of human attention. For younger students, the amount of attention does not exceed 3-4 objects, and for some children even less. A small amount of attention does not give the child the opportunity to concentrate on several subjects, to keep them in mind. Pedagogical correction of attention span has limited possibilities. Therefore, the teacher rather simply needs to take into account the small amount of attention. It will increase as the child's brain develops. Experienced teachers, knowing this feature, limit the visibility in the lesson to 3-4 manuals, do not give different examples of more than a designated number, even line up their explanations of new material in blocks that do not exceed the amount of children's attention.
^ Sustainability of attention
^ Distribution of attention
^ Concentration of attention
^
^ How to get the attention of children?
a) Sign "Attention!"- the teacher raises a circle with a red exclamation point in the center;
b) "Rainbow of Attention" This is a technique for focusing attention. To carry it out, you will need simple equipment: 7 white album sheets with a colored circle in the center, its diameter is 7 cm. The colors of the circles are: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue, purple. Each color corresponds to a day of the week. The sheet is attached to the board. Pleasant calm music is turned on. Students silently look at the center of the sheet for 30 seconds, then close their eyes and another 30 seconds. hold in front of them the image of a leaf with a circle.
c) "Hunters of the Yumba tribe"- the teacher invites the children to imagine themselves as Yumba Indians. Their main occupation is hunting. Hunters must be very attentive, be able to notice and hear everything that happens around. Approximate words of the teacher: “Imagine that you are on the hunt. Let's be silent for a while, so that the class becomes completely silent. Try to hear all sorts of noises, guess their origin. To make it more interesting, the teacher can specially organize some noises and sounds.
d) "Who can hear me..." If there is a noise in the class and the children do not calm down, the teacher can quietly say the following phrase: "Whoever hears me, raise your right hand." Some students will surely hear and raise their right hand. Then the teacher quietly says: "Whoever hears me, raise both hands." Some children will raise both hands. The teacher quietly pronounces the phrase, drawing out the words: "Whoever hears me, clap your hands 2 times." Here claps will be heard, which alarm even those who have not yet reacted to the words of the teacher. The teacher quietly says: "Whoever hears me, stand up." After that, all the students usually get up, and there is silence in the class. The teacher achieves his goal - the attention of the children is drawn to him. This technique, unfortunately, cannot be used often in the same class: a lot here is built on the effect of surprise.
e) "Forbidden movement"- this attention game can be used as the final moment of a physical education session. The teacher agrees in advance with the children which movement they will show will be “forbidden” (for example, you can’t raise your hands up). The teacher shows the students different movements (including the forbidden one), gradually increasing the pace. The one who repeated the forbidden movement is out of the game.
e) "Please": the teacher shows various movements, if the word “Please” is pronounced, the movements are repeated by the children, if the word is not sounded, the movement cannot be repeated.
^
Exercises to develop concentration and self-control
"Correction test": the essence of the technique is that the child is offered to find and cross out certain letters in the printed text. Newspaper clippings, old unwanted books, etc. can be used as material. Conditions for conducting: daily for 5 minutes. at least 5 times a week for 2-4 months.
^ Conducting rules:
to tro to nt kk jube to uy to ayvya
mitch m R m ohe m t m ychf m c
A golden flower grew
He became round and fluffy. ("Attention!")
Sasha will blow, laugh,
The fluff will blow in the wind.
^
a) copiers :
b) Munsterberg test: words are hidden among the letter row
Options:
B SUN DEC HEAT EYZY FISH JC
SCH RIBINA FHZ DIREVNYA UYE APARTMENT LBO CORTINA
JE DOG AT COW LD BOAR EYTSY HORSE
b) "Encryption"
c) "Coding" words using numbers. Each letter has its own number.
N M E T R A L O S
^
^
^
- Does green suit you?
- Will it be a ball gown?
- Ballroom.
- Yes(!).
For example, these:
^
^
4. Exercise "Hidden word".
^ 5. Game "What has changed?".
^
Tula, Poltava.
^ 7. Where is whose house?
^
^
^
^
12. Exercise "Digital table".
^ 13. A bird is not a bird.
"And the fly - who is this?"
The birds have arrived:
Pigeons, tits,
Flies and swifts...
The birds have arrived:
Pigeons, tits,
storks, crows,
Jackdaws, pasta.,
The birds have arrived:
Pigeons, tits,
swans, martens,
Jackdaws and swifts,
Seagulls and walruses
The birds have arrived:
Pigeons, tits,
Chibis, siskins,
Jays and snakes.
The birds have arrived:
Pigeons, tits,
Seagulls, pelicans,
Mikey and Eagles.
Pigeons, tits,
herons, nightingales,
Perches and sparrows.
The birds have arrived:
Pigeons, tits,
Ducks, geese, owls,
Swallows, cows.
The birds have arrived:
Pigeons, tits,
Sticks and swifts
Butterflies, siskins,
storks, cuckoos,
even owls,
swans and ducks -
and thanks for the joke!
^ 14. A cow flew.
The cow flew, said the word.
What word did the cow say?
15. Top clap.
^ 16. The game "Button".
^ 17. The game "Little bug".
^
^
^
For example, the teacher says:
3rd grade- "Two numbers are given: 54 and 26 ... To the second digit of the first number, add the second digit of the second
^
Students are asked to rewrite the following lines without errors:
a) AMMADAMA REBERGE ASSAMASA
^ GESCLALLA ESSANESSAS DETALLATA
b) ENALSSTADE ENADSLAT
CLATIMORE
c) RETABRERTA NORASOTANN
DEBARUGA CALLIHARRA
FILLITADERRA
d) GRUMMOPD
e) WATERPROOFETTA
SERAFINNETATSTOLE
EMMASEDATONOV
e) GRASEMBLADOVUNT
g) GRODERASTVERATON
CHLOROPHONIMATE
DARRISWATHENORRA
h) LIONOSANDER
j) MASOVRATONILOTOSLAW
m) ADSELANOGRIVANTEBUDAROCHAN
MSTENATUREPVADIOLUZGLNICHEVYAN
o) OSTIMARE
^
^
^
Stage 1- consider the table and find in order all the black numbers from 1 to 12;
Stage 2- look at the table and find all the red numbers in reverse order from 12 to 1;
Stage 3- you need to alternately search for black numbers in direct order from 1 to 12, and red numbers in reverse order from 12 to 1.
3 - A
11 - And
4 - C
6 - G
10 - B
5 - M
8 - E
2 - H
9 - K
4 - F
12 - P
1 - B
8 - H
8 - M
7 - H
7 - F
5 B
11 - L
2 - T
10 - E
9 - A
3 - K
1 - B
6 - X
12 - I
24. Exercises to train the distribution and selectivity of attention.
b sun itranv table ryujimet window ggschshchat car
simple rose flower evncid heat mylrkvt bag ldchev fish th
^
Then the game can be made more difficult.
Attention!
^
For example:
^
food
Full name
Class
Note
Azizova Yana Mustafaevna
2 - B
Abieva Evelina Remzievna
2 - B
Baranova Yulia Vladimirovna
2 - B
Baranovsky Konstantin Alekseevich
2 - B
Vasina Victoria Alexandrovna
2 - B
Grishakin Sergey Anatolievich
2 - B
Gumenyuk Ilya Vladimirovich
2 - B
Doroshenko Alexander Sergeevich
2 - B
Zhdanova Uliana Yurievna
2 - B
Kaspar Artyom Dmitrievich
2 - B
Kravchuk Anastasia Konstantinovna
2 - B
Kushnir Daniil Sergeevich
2 - B
Lysyuk Andrey Yurievich
2 - B
Moroz Eduard Viktorovich
2 - B
Neroev Maxim Alexandrovich
2 - B
Oleinik Vadim Olegovich
2 - B
Oleinik Polina Vitalievna
2 - B
Pak Andrey Dmitrievich
2 - B
Pronenko Vladislav Sergeevich
2 - B
Razbitskaya Anna Andreevna
2 - B
Romanenko Karina Igorevna
2 - B
Funny Mikhail Sergeevich
2 - B
Stepanov Oleg Evgenievich
2 - B
Tikhonova Victoria Nikolaevna
2 - B
Shabanova Darina Ruslanovna
2 - B
Shchirskaya Yana Romanovna
2 - B
Boyko Evgeniy Sergeevich
2 - B
List of students provided with free hot
food
Full name
Class
Note
Aleksandrovich Olga Vladimirovna
2 - B
Akhmedova Guletar Shavkatovna
2 - B
Vlasenko Vitalina Vitalievna
2 - B
Gryaznova Elizaveta Viktorovna
2 - B
Kostyuk Dmitry Viktorovich
2 - B
Krivoshchekov Alexander Andreevich
2 - B
Manyuk Anna Genrikhovna
2 - B
Ostrovsky Artur Olegovich
2 - B
Pismenny Evgenia Romanovna
2 - B
Poronnik Anna Vasilievna
2 - B
Prikhodko Igor Vyacheslavovich
2 - B
Seliverstova Vlada Valerievna
2 - B
Silina Maria Sergeevna
2 - B
Skalygin Egor Andreevich
2 - B
Stepanischev Andrey Nikolaevich
2 - B
Timchuk Daniil Andreevich
2 - B
Tyshchenko Rostislav Dmitrievich
2 - B
Famichev Artem Andreevich
2 - B
Yusifova Leyla Zagidovna
2 - B
Yatsunenko Polina Vladimirovna
2 - B
Arkhipova Karolina Alekseevna
2 - B
‹ ›
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- Primary classes
Description:
Exercises to develop the attention of children of primary school age
Exercise "My favorite fruit"
The exercise allows the facilitator to create a working mood in the group, the development of memory, the development of the ability to long-term concentration of attention also takes place.
The group members introduce themselves in a circle. After calling themselves by name, each participant names their favorite fruit; the second - the name of the previous one and his favorite fruit, his name and his favorite fruit; the third - the names of the previous two and the names of their favorite fruits, and then their name and their favorite fruit, etc. The latter, therefore, must name the names and names of the favorite fruits of all members of the group.
^ 2. Exercise "I won't go astray"
Exercise for the development of concentration, distribution of attention
The psychologist offers the following tasks:
Count aloud from 1 to 31, but the subject must not name numbers that include three or multiples of three. Instead of these numbers, he should say: "I won't go astray." For example: “One, two, I won’t go astray, four, five, I won’t go astray ...”
Sample correct count: 1, 2, -, 4, 5, -, 7, 8, -, 10, 11, -, -, 14, -, 16, 17, -, 19, 20, -, 22, -, -, 25, 26, -, 28, 29, -, - _the line replaces numbers that cannot be pronounced).
^ 3. Exercise "Observation"
Exercise for the development of visual attention. In this game, the connections between attention and visual memory are revealed.
Children are invited to describe in detail the school yard from memory, the way from home to school - something that they have seen hundreds of times. The younger students make such descriptions orally, and their classmates fill in the missing details.
^ 6. Exercise "Flies - does not fly"
Exercise for the development of switching attention, the arbitrariness of performing movements.
Children sit or become a semicircle. The leader names the items. If the object flies, the children raise their hands. If it does not fly, the children's hands are lowered. The leader can deliberately make mistakes, many guys will involuntarily raise their hands, by virtue of imitation. It is necessary to hold back in a timely manner and not raise your hands when a non-flying object is named.
^ 7. Exercise "My birthday"
Exercise to develop memory, the ability to long-term concentration.
The members of the group, as in the previous version, take turns calling their names, but each member adds the date of his birthday to his name. The second - the name of the previous one and the date of his birthday, his name and the date of his birthday, the third - the names and birthdays of the two previous ones and his name and the date of his birthday, etc. The latter, therefore, must give the names and dates of the birthdays of all members of the group.
^ 11. Exercise "The most attentive"
Exercise for the development of visual attention, memory.
Participants must stand in a semicircle and determine the driver. The driver tries to remember the order of the players for several seconds. Then, on command, he turns away and calls the order in which the comrades stand. All players in turn must take the place of the driver. It is worth rewarding those who are not mistaken with applause.
Types and properties of attention
Attention is closely related to interest and is therefore divided into voluntary and involuntary. Voluntary attention is subject to conscious goals. Subordinating his attention at first to the verbal instructions of the teacher, the student gradually learns to formulate the tasks facing him and organizes his attention. Arbitrary attention requires a certain experience, the ability to organize their activities. Therefore, involuntary attention appears earlier in children, and only later, in the course of their development, voluntary, intentional attention is formed.
Another property is attention span. This is the number of objects that can simultaneously be in the zone of human attention. For younger students, the amount of attention does not exceed 3-4 objects, and for some children even less. A small amount of attention does not give the child the opportunity to concentrate on several subjects, to keep them in mind. Pedagogical correction of attention span has limited possibilities. Therefore, the teacher rather simply needs to take into account the small amount of attention. It will increase as the child's brain develops. Experienced teachers, knowing this feature, limit the visibility in the lesson to 3-4 manuals, do not give different examples of more than a designated number, even line up their explanations of new material in blocks that do not exceed the amount of children's attention.
^ Sustainability of attention it is the ability to keep the concentration of consciousness on a particular object. In younger schoolchildren, the stability of attention actively increases by the age of 9-10. At the beginning of the learning process, it is kept in the time range from 7 to 12 minutes. For the teacher, this primarily means that the explanation of new material with all the preparatory work should not last more than 7 minutes. It would be a mistake to think that the more preparatory exercises we select, the better the students will understand the new topic. This can only be true if the time limit is not exceeded. Often, when explaining educational material, we see that the child seems to be listening to us, not being distracted, not talking, but by looking at it, it is clear that the concentration has weakened. Psychologists advise to interrupt the explanation for a few seconds and ask the guys to ask themselves the question “What am I doing now?” After that, attention span returns.
^ Distribution of attention is the concentration of consciousness on two different objects at the same time. This property is necessary for younger students, for example, when performing a commented letter (the child must simultaneously say what exactly he is writing down and carry out the writing process), when checking his own work (you need to read the written text and at the same time look for spelling, check them and compare them with what is written) , when conducting mathematical dictations. As you can see, a very useful and necessary property for learning. However, it must be remembered that it is precisely it that is not formed until the age of 7 with the normal mental development of the child .. Therefore, in the 1st grade, children, answering at the blackboard, are able to first say, and then write a sentence. By the age of 8, the distribution of attention to 2 educational objects becomes the norm if one of the necessary actions is at least to some extent automated. If a student has automated the process of writing (he does not need to remember every graphic symbol), then he can learn to speak at the same time.
^ Concentration of attention- focus on the object of attention, the process of immersion. Sometimes a person is so deep in the performance of this or that business, is carried away by reading a book, watching a movie, that he does not see or hear anything around. Probably, we all dream of students solving problems or writing exercises with such enthusiasm. If the student does not know how to focus his attention, then his consciousness, as it were, glides over objects, without dwelling on any of them for a long time. As a result, the impression of the subject remains vague, fuzzy. There are several reasons for reducing concentration. Surprisingly, one of the reasons is the presence of adenoids in the child. This inflammatory process does not allow the brain to receive enough oxygen and, as a result, forms distracted attention. The biggest problem of today's children is watching TV, and now the computer has also been added. The fact is that flickering shots require a superficial look, a concentrated look with a long look causes a headache. If children watch a lot of TV, they easily develop a superficial view and transfer it to other activities.
^ Features of the attention of younger students
During the child’s education at the initial stage, significant changes occur in the development of the process of attention, there is an intensive development of all its properties: the volume of attention increases especially sharply (2 times), by the age of 9-10 children are able to maintain and carry out an arbitrarily set program of actions for a long time. Research shows that different properties of attention have different “contributions” to learning success. So, when mastering mathematics, the leading role belongs to the volume of attention, and learning to read is associated with the stability of attention. From this we can conclude: by developing various properties of attention, it is possible to improve the performance of schoolchildren in various subjects.
^ How to get the attention of children?
All teachers know how difficult it is sometimes to bring the class back to working condition after a break or a physical education lesson. Overexcited guys are not able to immediately focus on learning tasks. In order to induce a state of so-called pre-attention in children and calm them down a bit, you can use the following techniques:
A) Sign "Attention!" - the teacher raises a circle with a red exclamation point in the center;
B) "Rainbow of attention" - this technique for concentration of attention. To carry it out, you will need simple equipment: 7 white album sheets with a colored circle in the center, its diameter is 7 cm. The colors of the circles are: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue, purple. Each color corresponds to a day of the week. The sheet is attached to the board. Pleasant calm music is turned on. Students silently look at the center of the sheet for 30 seconds, then close their eyes and another 30 seconds. hold in front of them the image of a leaf with a circle.
C) "Hunters of the Yumba tribe" - the teacher invites the children to imagine themselves as Yumba Indians. Their main occupation is hunting. Hunters must be very attentive, be able to notice and hear everything that happens around. Approximate words of the teacher: “Imagine that you are on the hunt. Let's be silent for a while, so that the class becomes completely silent. Try to hear all sorts of noises, guess their origin. To make it more interesting, the teacher can specially organize some noises and sounds.
D) “Who hears me ...” If there is a noise in the class and the children do not calm down, the teacher can quietly say the following phrase: “Whoever hears me, raise your right hand.” Some students will surely hear and raise their right hand. Then the teacher quietly says: "Whoever hears me, raise both hands." Some children will raise both hands. The teacher quietly pronounces the phrase, drawing out the words: "Whoever hears me, clap your hands 2 times." Here claps will be heard, which alarm even those who have not yet reacted to the words of the teacher. The teacher quietly says: "Whoever hears me, stand up." After that, all the students usually get up, and there is silence in the class. The teacher achieves his goal - the attention of the children is drawn to him. This technique, unfortunately, cannot be used often in the same class: a lot here is built on the effect of surprise.
E) "Forbidden movement" - this attention game can be used as the final moment of a physical education session. The teacher agrees in advance with the children which movement they will show will be “forbidden” (for example, you can’t raise your hands up). The teacher shows the students different movements (including the forbidden one), gradually increasing the pace. The one who repeated the forbidden movement is out of the game.
E) “Please”: the teacher shows various movements, if the word “Please” is pronounced, the movements are repeated by the children, if the word is not sounded, the movement cannot be repeated.
^ How to choose the time for verification work?
This information may help teachers to choose the right time for the most important lessons. Psychologists conducted a special study: they studied the characteristics of attention in the same schoolchildren in the process of their education in grades 1, 2 and 3. It turned out that most first-graders are characterized by a single dynamics of attention stability during the day. Starting from an initially high level, they show a tendency to decline in attention after the first lesson. In other words, they only have enough attention span for 35-40 minutes of the 1st lesson. When studying in the 2nd grade, the dynamics of attention in these same children during the day looks different. For most children, the peak of activity falls on 2-3 lessons. Approximately the same picture is observed in grades 3-4.
This can be explained as follows: first-graders, who go to school with great readiness, already tune in to work in advance, anticipate something new, interesting, and unexpected. This mindfulness attitude leads to rapid exhaustion and fatigue. Starting from the 2nd grade, the direct interest in the school cools down somewhat, but some skills of educational work appear, among them the skill of controlling one's attention, synchronizing it with the tasks of educational work.
Exercises to develop concentration and self-control
"Correction test": the essence of the technique is that the child is asked to find and cross out certain letters in the printed text. Newspaper clippings, old unwanted books, etc. can be used as material. Conditions for conducting: daily for 5 minutes. at least 5 times a week for 2-4 months.
^ Conducting rules:
The game is held in a friendly atmosphere, children can be additionally interested, find out in advance who they want to be, say that this training will help them become good drivers, doctors, etc.
Losing shouldn't make you feel bad.
The amount of text viewed does not matter and can be different for different children: from 3-4 sentences to several paragraphs.
As you master the game, the rules become more complicated: the letters being searched for change, they are crossed out in different ways, 2 letters are searched for at the same time, one is crossed out, the other is underlined (syllables, circles, tick marks, etc.)
Option: underline in each line the letter that comes first:
k trok ntkk jyubk uyk ayvya
mitchum rm oham tm ychfm ts
Another option: first we underline one letter (C), and cross out the other (O), then on the command “Attention!” a line is drawn and the second part of the work begins: C - now we cross out, and O - we emphasize:
A golden flower grew
He became round and fluffy. ("Attention!")
Sasha will blow, laugh,
The fluff will blow in the wind.
A similar exercise can be carried out on educational material by offering students a grammatical analysis of several texts. In the text, it is necessary to underline nouns with one line, and adjectives - with two lines. Then, at the command "Attention!" - on the contrary, nouns - two lines, and adjectives - one.
Analysis of the results shows that after some time the use of such exercises, the teacher's call "Be careful!" can induce a state of concentration in children. Simultaneously with the introduction of such game exercises, the child's attitude to reading a Russian language textbook should be changed. Children are taught that the exercises in the Russian language textbook, unlike reading, must be read aloud the way it is written - spelling. Based on the results of the work, the number of gaps and incorrectly crossed out letters is counted. The indicator of normal concentration of attention of younger schoolchildren at first is 4 or fewer gaps, more than 4 - weak concentration. Checking can take place as follows: first, this role is assigned to the teacher, and later to the classmate. Winners can, for example, receive a token, at the end of the week the number of tokens is counted, the best one can be rewarded. If such exercises are carried out regularly for 2-4 months, then the number of errors in the written work of students is reduced by about 2-3 times.
^ Exercises for concentration and stability of attention
A) "Copiers": students are invited to rewrite the following lines without errors:
Ammadda bereure avvamava essanessas detailata;
- etaltarrs usokgata enazhloby klatimori liddozoka;
- minotsaprimapavotil shonerkapridyurakeda kuftiroladzloekunm
B) The Munsterberg test: words are hidden among the letter row
Options:
The words that are hidden are in italics:
SUN DEKZHARA EKZIRYBA YTS
Among the letters, find dictionary words and correct mistakes:
SCHRIBINA FKHZDIREVNYA UYEKVORTIRA BOKORTINA
Among the letters, find and underline the words, find the extra word:
ZHESOBAKA PRIKOROVA LDKABAN ETSYLOSHAD
Separate words from each other in a continuous text and write down a saying (you can add a grammar task related to the topic of the lesson - for example, determine the tense of verbs, declension of nouns, etc.)
THE SUBJECT STONE DOES NOT FLOW / Under the lying stone, water does not flow. /
B) "Encryption"
Decipher the words, find the extra:
IAKBNI / Bianki / KVASLADO / Sladkov / URCHSHINA / Charushin / KOVILR / Krylov /
C) "Coding" words using numbers. Each letter has its own number.
For example: encrypt the words METRO, CAKE.
N M E T R A L O S
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 23458 , 4854
Replace them with the sum of bit terms;
Name the total number of hundreds, tens, etc. ;
Find out how much the first number is greater than the second.
^ Listening exercises
These are arithmetic dictations that are well known to us, but the meaning of the exercise is that each task consists of several actions. The teacher can give such an instruction: “Now I will read arithmetic problems to you. You must solve them in your mind. The numbers you receive also need to be kept in mind. Write down the results of the calculations only when I say: “Write!”. The very content of the tasks depends on the age of the children, their readiness and program material. For example:
Grade 1 - Two numbers are given 6 and 3. Add these numbers, subtract 2 from the resulting number, then another 4. Write. /answer 3/
Grade 2 - Given two numbers 15 and 23. Add the first digit of the second number to the first digit of the first number, subtract 2 from the resulting number, and now add 4. Write. /answer 5/
Grade 3 - Given two numbers 27 and 32. Multiply the 1st digit of the second number by the 1st digit of the first number and subtract the second digit of the number from the resulting product. Write. /answer 4/
Grade 4 - Two numbers are given 54 and 26. Add the second digit of the second number to the second digit of the first number and divide the resulting amount by the first digit of the second number. Write /5/
^ Exercises to increase the level of distribution of attention(ability to perform several actions at the same time)
The sentence is read aloud to the children. Reading is accompanied by a soft tapping of a pencil on the table. Children must memorize the text and count the number of strokes.
The child draws circles in a notebook and at the same time counts the claps with which the teacher accompanies the drawing. The execution time is 1 minute. The number of laps and the counted number of strokes are counted. The more circles are drawn and the claps are counted correctly, the higher the score.
- “Counting with interference”: the child calls numbers from 1 to 20, while writing this sequence on a piece of paper or board, but in reverse order: pronounces 1, writes 20, pronounces 2, writes 19, etc. Then the execution time and the number of errors are counted.
^ Educational games and exercises
1. Exercise "Watch your speech."
In the twenties of the last century, such a game of attention was very popular. The host says: "The lady bought a toilet. There are 100 rubles in the toilet, buy whatever you want," yes "" and "no" do not say, do not buy black and white. And he begins to ask tricky questions, trying to "pull out" forbidden words from the respondent.
Do you want to buy a black dress?
- I want to buy a green dress.
- Does green suit you?
- I just like green velvet.
- Will it be a ball gown?
- Ballroom.
- Does your green dress have to be long?
- Yes(!).
Losing. It was necessary, for example, to say "Of course."
This is a game, on the one hand, to develop the ability to ask psychologically complex, "rainy" questions, thereby diverting the attention of the respondent to thinking about a complex answer from not using forbidden words, and on the other hand, to develop the attention of the answering questions.
You can simply agree on which words or parts of speech cannot be spoken and then ask a variety of questions. There should be many questions. This is a blatant test of attention.
For example, these:
Have you had breakfast today? Do you like your hairstyle?
Are you late for class today? Are you left handed? Do you love cinema?
What flowers do you like and what don't you like? Why?
^ 2. Exercise "Forbidden letter".
In this game, everyone will have to watch themselves, so as not to let it slip.
And it is not surprising to let it slip, as we will see in this now.
One of the participants in the game is appointed as the driver. Turning to the players in turn, the leader asks each one a simple question, demanding an immediate answer to it. For example: "How old are you?", "Who do you sit at your desk with?", "What kind of jam do you like?" etc. The one to whom the question is addressed must immediately give any answer, but without using in his phrase the letter, which, by agreement, is declared forbidden. Suppose that the letter "A" is declared prohibited.
Of course, the driver will try to find tricky questions, answering which it would be difficult to do without the letter "A". "What is your name?" And he will ask, say, a comrade whose name is Vanya. It is clear that he cannot give his name. He'll have to get rid of the joke. "Can't remember!" - he will answer, resourcefully bypassing the trap prepared for him. Then the driver with the same unexpected question will turn to another participant in the game.
The game is played at a fast pace, it is not allowed to think for a long time. Hesitated, did not answer immediately, or, confused, used a forbidden letter in his answer, take the place of the driver and ask questions. We will consider the winners of those who have never fallen into the trap and gave quick, resourceful answers.
As a variant of the game, the condition may be the non-pronunciation of the forbidden letter, i.e. it must be replaced in words with any other.
^ 3. Exercise "Hidden clue".
In this game, it is allowed to prompt, although not in the usual way.
We choose the driver and declare him the guesser. Let's ask the guesser to leave the room for a minute or step aside. In the meantime, let's think of a word. This should be a singular noun, consisting of four or five letters, and all the letters in it should be different, for example, "table", "mosquito", "board", "sail", etc. There are many such words, select they won't take long.
The task of the driver is to guess the word we have conceived. Since this is difficult, you will have to help him, that is, to suggest something, but, of course, not directly, but in some indirect way, relying on his quick wits and attention.
Suppose the hidden word is "mosquito". It is unknown to the guesser.
Please tell me the first letter, - he addresses the players.
It is his right to demand a hint, and any three participants in the game can prompt, each in his own way.
The first letter of the hidden word is "K".
How can you suggest it without directly naming it?
It is done in this way. Three players alternately pronounce one word at a time, one-syllable or two-syllable, which includes the letter "K". Suppose one calls the word "compass", the other - "marmot", the third - "drop".
In all three words, the letter "K" is repeated.
The guesser will highlight this letter and remember it.
Let's get the second letter! he demands.
Three other players will tell him the second letter, say, with these words: "lesson", "elephant", "mole". Having singled out the letter "O" repeated three times in them, the guesser will also try to remember it.
If the guesser is attentive and does not get confused in our tips, then we will give him the right to appoint a new driver himself in order to continue the game. And if he does not guess the word we have conceived, we will again force him to drive: let him still train his attention.
4. Exercise "Hidden word".
In games, they often look for a hidden object.
But you can hide and find not only objects. In the game with which we will now get acquainted, you will have to look for hidden words. And we will hide them among other words.
In such a game, vigilance of the eye and observation will no longer help, other qualities will be needed: concentration, attention and resourcefulness. The game begins, as usual, with the choice of the driver. We will "hide" the words, he will "look for" them.
Let's ask the driver to leave the room for a while and think of some well-known proverb or line from a familiar poem. Let's say we decided to hide the proverb "Language will bring you to Kyiv." Let's break this text into parts: "language", "to Kyiv", "will bring". Why such a breakdown is needed will become clear from the further description of the game.
The driver returns. He is told that the proverb is "hidden" and that, starting to search for it, he can ask any three questions to any three participants in the game. The driver will understand that the text of the hidden proverb is divided into three parts and that the first person to whom he turns with a question must insert the first part of the hidden text into his response phrase, the second - the second part of the text and the third - the last part of the text.
Let's see how it works out.
"What did you see in your dream today?" - suppose the driver asks one of the participants in the game. Tom needs to enter in his answer the first part of the hidden text - the word "language", but in such a way as to better hide it among other words. He can say: "I saw in a dream that I arrived in a foreign city, went into the dining room, and there they served me such a dish that it was impossible to pronounce its name: you would break your tongue." "Where do lemons grow?" - let's say the driver asks another. He can get away with a joke: "In warm countries and in my grandfather's garden: he lives on a collective farm, twenty kilometers before reaching Kyiv."
The phrase seems to be smooth, but the words "to Kyiv" may make the driver alert and take note of them. To the last question, whatever it may be, one can give an evasive answer: "Don't be so curious, it will not lead to good." And now let the driver guess which proverb we have guessed.
^ 5. Game "What has changed?".
The game is played like this. Small items (eraser, pencil, notebook, match, etc. in the amount of 10-15 pieces) are laid out on the table and covered with a newspaper. Whoever wants to test his powers of observation first, please come to the table! He is offered to familiarize himself with the location of objects within 30 seconds (count up to 30); then he should turn his back to the table, and at this time three or four objects are shifted to other places. Again, 30 seconds are given to inspect the items, after which they are again covered with a sheet of newspaper. Now let's ask the player: what has changed in the arrangement of objects, which of them have been moved?
Don't think that answering this question will always be easy! Answers are scored. For each correctly indicated item, the player is credited with winning 1 point, but for each mistake, 1 point is removed from the number won. An error is considered when an object is named that has not been transferred to another place.
Let's mix our "collection", putting the items in a different order, and call another participant in the game to the table. So one by one, all team members will pass the test.
The conditions of the game for everyone should be the same: if four objects were swapped for the first player, then the same number is shifted for the rest.
In this case, the best result is 4 points won. Everyone who passes the test with such a result will be considered the winners in the game.
^ 6. Exercise "I remember everything" (development of attention and memory).
This fun game can be played by two, three or even four, competing in the ability to memorize words in a given order.
Compliance with this condition is monitored by the judge, who, during the game, keeps a control sheet, writing down the words named by the players. Words are selected on a specific topic, such as the names of cities, the names of plants or animals. Let's say that the theme of the game is the names of cities. Of course, it is better to call cities well-known, they are easier to remember.
So let's start the game. The contestants sit in a circle.
Tula, - says one. The judge immediately writes this word on the control sheet.
The second player, repeating the named city, adds the name of another city to it:
Tula, Poltava.
Tula, Poltava, Omsk, - announces the third.
If there are three players, then the turn goes back to the first one. He should fill up the list of cities with one more name. For example.
Tula, Poltava, Omsk, Vladivostok.
So, each time adding one city, the players in their next turn must repeat all the cities named earlier, mentioning them in the same order and not skipping a single one.
At first, this is given relatively easily, but when the list of names steps over a dozen, you involuntarily begin to stumble. And the judge, attributing each newly added word to his control sheet, vigilantly watches if anyone misses at least one of them.
The one who makes a mistake is out of the game.
The rest continue the competition until one of them is the winner.
Divide everyone who wants to take part in this game into threes. In each trio, someone will be the winner. And then arrange the final meeting of the winners for the title of champion in this interesting game.
^ 7. Where is whose house?
Game for development of stability of attention. Offer the child a drawing of seven different little animals, each of which hurries to its own house. Lines connect the animals to their houses. It is necessary to determine where whose house is, without drawing a pencil along the lines. If the task is difficult for the baby, then allow it, but eventually put the pencil aside.
^ 8. Exercises for the development of stability and switching attention.
You can play like that. Give your child different words: table, bed, cup, pencil, bear, fork, etc. The kid listens attentively and claps his hands when he comes across a word denoting, for example, an animal. If the baby is confused, repeat the game from the beginning.
Another time, suggest that the child stand up every time they hear the word for a plant. Then combine the first and second tasks, i.e. the baby claps his hands when he hears words denoting animals, and stands up when pronouncing words denoting a plant. Such and similar exercises develop attentiveness, speed of distribution and switching of attention, and, in addition, expand the horizons and cognitive activity of the child. It is good to play such games with several children, desire, excitement and a prize for the winner will make them even more exciting.
To develop stability of attention, give the child a small text (newspaper, magazine) and offer, looking through each line, to cross out a letter (for example, a). Record the time and number of errors. Record the results on a daily chart and analyze them. Rejoice in success with your child. Then, to train distribution and switch attention, change the task. For example, like this: "In each line, cross out the letter a, and underline the letter p." Or like this: "Cross out the letter a if it is preceded by the letter p, and underline the letter a if it is preceded by the letter n." Record times and errors. Don't forget to praise your baby.
^ 9. Exercise "What has changed?" (development of observation).
Game for training observation. It is best to play with several children. Everyone becomes in one line. The host calls one child and offers to remember the appearance of each participant in the game. This is given 1-2 minutes. After that, the baby turns away or goes into another room. The remaining participants in the game make minor changes to the costume or hairstyle: you can pin a badge or, conversely, remove it, unfasten or fasten a button, change places with each other, change your hairstyle, etc. Then the memorizer should name those changes in the costumes of his comrades that he managed to notice.
If you do not have the opportunity to gather a large company, you can modify this exciting game: lay out 10 objects on the table in front of the child, ask him to turn away and at this moment change the arrangement of the objects. Then offer to answer what has changed.
^ 10. Pictures "Find the difference".
All children enjoy looking at pictures. You can combine the useful with the pleasant. Invite the child to look at the pictures, where, for example, two gnomes (or two kittens, or two fish) are depicted. At first glance, they are exactly the same. But, looking more closely, you can see that this is not the case. Let the child try to spot the differences. You can also pick up a few pictures with ridiculous content and ask the child to find inconsistencies.
^ 11. Exercise "Color your soulmate."
There are also such exercises for the development of concentration. You need to prepare several half-colored pictures. And the kid should color the second half of the picture in the same way as the first half was painted. This task can be complicated by inviting the child to first draw the second half of the picture, and then color it. (It can be a butterfly, a dragonfly, a house, a Christmas tree, etc.).
12. Exercise "Digital table".
Show the child a table with a set of numbers from 1 to 25, which are arranged in random order. But first, make sure the baby knows all these numbers. Tell him: "Try as quickly as possible to find, show and say aloud the numbers from 1 to 25." Most children 5-7 years old complete this task in 1.5-2 minutes and almost without errors.
Another version of this game: prepare a table with 25 cells, on which the numbers from 1 to 35 are randomly written, 10 of which are missing. Ask the child to find and show all the numbers in a row, and write down the missing numbers (if he cannot write down the numbers, then just let him call them to you). Record the time it took the child to complete this task.
If these exercises turned out to be difficult for a son or daughter, make a simpler table, for example, from 9 cells.
^ 13. A bird is not a bird.
A fun game for the attention and knowledge of birds.
An adult reads poetry. The task of the children is to listen carefully and, if a word is heard that means not a bird, give a signal - stomp or clap. Be sure to ask the child what is wrong. Specify:
"And the fly - who is this?"
The birds have arrived:
Pigeons, tits,
Flies and swifts...
The birds have arrived:
Pigeons, tits,
storks, crows,
Jackdaws, pasta.,
The birds have arrived:
Pigeons, tits,
swans, martens,
Jackdaws and swifts,
Seagulls and walruses
The birds have arrived:
Pigeons, tits,
Chibis, siskins,
Jays and snakes.
The birds have arrived:
Pigeons, tits,
Seagulls, pelicans,
Mikey and Eagles.
Pigeons, tits,
herons, nightingales,
Perches and sparrows.
The birds have arrived:
Pigeons, tits,
Ducks, geese, owls,
Swallows, cows.
The birds have arrived:
Pigeons, tits,
Sticks and swifts
Butterflies, siskins,
storks, cuckoos,
even owls,
swans and ducks -
and thanks for the joke!
^ 14. A cow flew.
There must be at least three players. Everyone sits in a circle and, turning their right hand palm down, and the left hand palm up, connect their palms with the palms of their neighbors. In turn, they pronounce the word of the verse, clapping the palm of the right neighbor in time with the word:
The cow flew, said the word.
What word did the cow say?
Whoever gets the turn to answer, calls any word, for example, "grass". His neighbor, along with cotton, says the first letter of this word - "t", the next - the second, and so on until the end of the word, until the last "a". The task of the last player is not to gape and have time to remove his hand from under the final clap.
15. Top clap.
Game for the development of attention, memory.
The leader pronounces phrases-concepts - correct and incorrect.
If the expression is correct, the children clap, if not correct, they stomp.
Examples: "It always snows in summer." "Potatoes are eaten raw." "Crow is a migratory bird." It is clear that the older the children, the more complex the concepts should be.
^ 16. The game "Button".
Two people are playing. In front of them are two identical sets of buttons, in each of which not a single button is repeated. Each player has a playing field - it is a square divided into cells. The starter of the game puts 3 buttons on his field, the second player must look and remember where which button lies. After that, the first player covers his playing field with a piece of paper, and the second must repeat the same arrangement of buttons on his field.
The more cells and buttons are used in the game, the more difficult the game becomes.
The same game can be used to work on the development of memory, spatial perception and thinking.
^ 17. The game "Little bug".
"Now we will play such a game. You see, in front of you is a field drawn into cells. A beetle is crawling on this field. The beetle moves on command. It can move down, up, right, left. I will dictate moves to you, and you will move the beetle in the right direction across the field.Do it mentally.You cannot draw or move your finger across the field!
Attention? We started. One cell up, one cell to the left. One cell down. One cell to the left. One cell down. Show me where the beetle stopped."
(If the child finds it difficult to complete the task mentally, then at first you can let him show with his finger each movement of the beetle, or make a beetle and move it around the field. It is important that as a result the child learns to mentally navigate in the cell field).
Tasks for the beetle can come up with a variety of. When the field of 16 cells is mastered, move on to moving along the field of 25, 36 cells, complicate the tasks with moves: 2 cells obliquely to the right and down, 3 cells to the left, etc.
^
18. An exercise aimed at increasing the level of distribution of attention
(ability to do several things at the same time).
Read a little sentence aloud. Reading is accompanied by a soft tapping of a pencil on the table. Children must memorize the text and count the number of strokes.
You can conduct this exercise as a competition: whoever counted correctly, he won. Winners receive, for example, a red circle. Since it is better to play several times in a lesson, the calculation of winnings is carried out at the end of the lesson, and the winners are somehow encouraged.
In the process of classes, the number of sentences used in the text increases.
^ 19. Exercise for the distribution of attention.
The exercise is aimed at developing the child's ability to perform two different actions at the same time.
A) The child draws circles in a notebook and at the same time counts the claps with which the adult accompanies the drawing. Task execution time - 1 min.
The number of circles and the counted number of strokes are counted. The more circles are drawn and the claps are counted correctly, the higher the score.
b) The task is similar to the previous one. Within 1 minute, you need to simultaneously draw with two hands: left - circles, right - triangles. At the end, the number of drawn triangles and circles is counted.
(Triangles with "rounded" vertices do not count, as do circles with "corners". The child's task is to draw as many triangles and circles as possible.)
Parents can invent tasks of this type themselves. It can be drawing and oral solution of simple examples; writing down words and listening to a piece of a poem, etc. It is important to form such a quality as noise immunity in a child.
^ 20. Exercise to increase the concentration of auditory attention.
For this, it is very convenient to conduct arithmetic dictations, however, the point of the exercise is that each task consists of several actions.
For example, the teacher says:
Grade 3 - "Two numbers are given: 54 and 26 ... Add the second digit of the second to the second digit of the first number
numbers ... and divide the resulting amount by the first digit of the second number ... Write! .. " (answer: 5)
"Two numbers are given: 56 and 92 ... Divide the second digit of the first number by the second digit of the second number ... Multiply the resulting quotient by the first digit of the second number ... Write! .." (answer: 27)
In such exercises, you can introduce a game moment: a magician and a magician who can guess numbers: "Think of a number ... add 5 to it, now subtract 2 ... subtract the number you thought of ... and multiply the resulting difference by 4 ... You did it..."
The above exercises allow you to hold and concentrate attention, and the data obtained may indicate a slow inclusion in the work (with the wrong solution of the first tasks and the correct solution of subsequent ones) or a rapid exhaustion of attention, an inability to maintain its concentration (with the correct solution of the first tasks and the incorrect solution of subsequent ones) which allows the teacher to adjust his work depending on the results obtained.
^ 21. Exercise for concentration and stability of attention.
Students are asked to rewrite the following lines without errors:
A) AMMADAMA REBERGE ASSAMASA
^
GESCLALLA ESANESSAS DETALLATA
B) ENALSSTADE ENADSLAT
ETALTARS USOKGATA LIMMODOR
CLATIMORE
C) RETABRERTA NORASOTANN
DEBARUGA CALLIHARRA
FILLITADERRA
D) GRUMMOPD
D) WATERPROOFETTA
SERAFINNETATSTOLE
EMMASEDATONOV
E) GRASEMBLADOVUNT
G) GRODERASTVERATON
CHLOROPHONIMATE
DARRISWATHENORRA
H) LIONOSANDER
I) MINOSEPRITAMATORENTALI TELIGRANTOLIADZE
K) MASOVRATONILOTOSLAW
K) MUSELONGRINAVUPTIMONATOLIG RAFUNITARE
M) ADSELANOGRIVANTEBUDAROCHAN
H) BERMOTINAVUCHIGTODEBSHOZHANUIY
MSTENATUREPVADIOLUZGLNICHEVYAN
O) OSTIMARE
^ 22. Exercise "Follow the pattern" (training concentration).
The exercise includes the task of drawing quite complex, but repetitive patterns.
Each of the patterns requires increased attention of the child, because. requires him to perform several sequential actions:
A) analysis of each element of the pattern;
b) correct reproduction of each element;
c) maintaining the sequence for a long time.
When performing tasks of this kind, it is important not only how accurately the child reproduces the pattern (concentration of attention), but also how long he can work without errors. Therefore, each time try to gradually increase the execution time of one pattern. 5 minutes is enough to get started.
After the "cell" patterns are mastered, move on to more complex patterns on a clean sheet.
To perform this kind of tasks, it is convenient to make forms in advance with a different number of rows of circles, triangles or squares. Forms can be represented by a mixed set of figures. For example, a series of squares, a series of circles, a series of triangles, etc.
The task can be supplemented by asking the child to check the correctness of the pattern and correct the mistakes.
^ 23. An exercise aimed at training the switching of attention.
To train attention switching, exercises based on the Red-Black Tables test are used.
For the lesson, tables with numbers in black and red are used, the order of which is constantly changing. The order of work remains unchanged:
^1 stage - consider the table and find in order all the black numbers from 1 to 12;
Stage 2 - look at the table and find all the red numbers in reverse order from 12 to 1;
Stage 3 - you need to alternately look for black numbers in direct order from 1 to 12, and red numbers in reverse order from 12 to 1.
After the child has satisfactory results on the number of digits proposed above, their number can be increased first to 16 (both of them), and then to 24 (i.e. black - from 1 to 24, red - from 24 to one).
The same task can be modified by replacing the numbers with letters. For example, black letters should be written in alphabetical order, and red letters - in reverse. Since this task is more difficult than the previous ones, it is advisable to use it after the children learn to cope well with numerical options, while the table itself should consist of no more than 9-16 cells (i.e. the number of black letters does not exceed 8, and the number of red - 7).
When children achieve significant success in working with the tables described above, the task can be complicated.
Children should find red and black numbers alternately on the table offered to them and write down only the letters corresponding to these numbers, and red numbers must be found in descending order, and black numbers in ascending order. The first proposed tables should contain no more than 13 black pairs of numbers - letters and 12 red pairs of numbers - letters. The work goes like this:
Red number 12, write the letter R, then black number 1, write the letter B, then red number 11, write the letter I, black number 2, write the letter H ...
With the successful work of children, the number of pairs can be increased to 24 red pairs of numbers - letters and 24 black pairs of numbers - letters.
24. Exercises to train the distribution and selectivity of attention.
Words are inserted among the alphabetic text. The child must find and underline these words.
Example (words that the child needs to underline are in italics):
Bsun andtranvdeskrud
prstyyurozaevn
^
25. Exercise "Correction test" (development of the ability to analyze written words).
This exercise is aimed at developing the ability to analyze written words, "see" the letters in them, and as a result, form attentiveness. It is a game that basically has a "correction test" test. For her, old books with large print, suitable only for waste paper, are taken. Within 5 minutes (only 5), the children are asked to cross out all the letters "a" they encounter. At the same time, it is agreed that if the guys miss more than four letters, then they lose, four or fewer gaps win. Winners receive, for example, green chips. Since it is better to play every day, it is better to count the winnings once a week, and the winners are rewarded with something...
The tasks are checked by the guys themselves - a neighbor by a neighbor. If they do not notice any gaps, although at this age children are more partial to other people's work than to their own, then it does not matter, the main thing is that for several minutes the child will be in a state of concentration.
Then the game can be made more difficult.
For example, cross out in each line the letter that comes first in it:
The next step is to cross out one letter in the line and underline the other.
For example, "e" is crossed out, and the letter "m" is underlined.
Another option: "First we underline one letter, and cross out the other, then on command:" Attention! "The work goes the other way - we cross out the first one, and underline the second one."
For example, "The 1st part of the work: "C" - underline, "O" - cross out, on command: "Attention!"" A line is drawn and the 2nd part of the work begins: now we cross out the letter "C", and the letter "O "- emphasize".
Attention!
^ 26. Exercise for the formation of mindfulness among students at school.
A similar exercise can be carried out on educational material by offering students a grammatical analysis of several texts. In the text, it is necessary to underline nouns with one line, and adjectives - with two, then at the command "Attention!" - on the contrary: nouns - two, and adjectives - one.
For example:
^ Exercises for the development of self-control.
The human brain is designed in such a way that if we did not have a kind of filter in the form of attention, then the amount of information from the outside world would overload it. For a normal and comfortable life, the attention of each person must have volume, stability, concentration, selectivity, distribution, switchability and arbitrariness. If deviations are noticed in any of these parts during development, then the child will have a developmental lag.
To prevent this from happening, special exercises for the development and concentration of attention have been developed for younger students.
Exists great amount games for younger students, which are used to develop voluntary attention. We will tell you about the most interesting and best of them.
The first game is for the children to try to convey the meaning of the poem. All players must be divided into three teams. There are three leaders in the game and each of them reads a quatrain. But not in order, but on the contrary, first everyone reads the first line of his quatrain, then the second, and so on.
The development of memory and attention. 5 games with children for attention and memory
It may be difficult for children to immediately grasp the meaning of the verse, so the reading can be repeated twice. Each of the teams must understand and convey the meaning of their poem. For this task, it is better to use complex verses, so the training of voluntary attention and memory features will be much better.
The second game is called "Tangled Roll Call" and there will be one host. During the game, the leader must call the names and surnames of the younger students playing. But this exercise is called confusing for that, that the presenter calls the name correctly, but makes a mistake in the surname, then he confuses the surname, and the name speaks correctly. All children should be extremely careful to respond to their first and last name. This game will be very lively and useful for the development of voluntary attention.
Another great game is called "Collect a word from letters." The teacher should offer the children a certain set of vowels and consonants. In five minutes, everyone must collect as many words as possible from this set of letters.
The last game chosen for the development of voluntary attention is the “typewriter”. For the task, you need to specially prepare cards with letters that can be fixed on the child's clothes so that everyone can see. The whole class must play so that all the letters from A to Z are sorted out. The leader must say the word, and the children, like on a typewriter, must clap when their letter appears in the word, according to the principle of a typewriter.
Collect from different letters
Development of concentration
Concentration and its development is extremely important for any child. For children of primary school age, a quick acquisition of concentration skills is possible when playing.
and attention. Practical training with a psychologist
The first game is quite simple, but it makes it easy to promote concentration in a younger student. All children need to be put in a circle and each of them must name their name and favorite fruit. But only if the first player calls only his name and fruit, then the second must repeat the words of the first and name his own. The last player will have to name the names and fruits of all the players. Such games are great for developing memory and individual thinking.
Great for concentration games in which you need to color half of the picture in the same way as the first half was painted. You can complicate this exercise by asking the younger student to first draw and then color the pictures.
For the concentration of younger children, you can use the most common texts in workbooks. You can ask the children to find all the letters A in the text and circle them, and underline the letters T. After completing the task, students can exchange notebooks and check each other's mistakes, this will also be a training in concentration and thinking.
Switching attention
For each elementary school student to be able to switch attention from one subject to another, the following games and exercises can be used to teach this.
The first game will help teach the baby to switch attention, and will develop the individual characteristics of children's thinking. It is called “Counting with interference” and is held for three minutes, the player must name the numbers from 1 to 20, but at the same time write them in reverse order, from 20 to 1. After that, you need to count how many mistakes were made.
Perfectly trains switching and other features of memory and thinking exercise "Guess the word." Children are given examples written on the board that need to be counted. If the account is correct, then it will be possible, based on the numbers received, to find out that such a word was encrypted below, in two lines. In the first, you need to arrange the letters, and sign each letter with a number.
A simple version of the game would be an exercise for younger children, based on the fact that the facilitator says words for different objects. Children should clap when the facilitator names a certain type of object, for example, writing materials. This will be the development of quick thinking in children, as well as voluntary attention.
Development of observation
Exists a large number of different exercises and game options that train the child's observation skills, and at the same time develop his memory and thinking skills. If children have a problem with the above personality parameters, then we can offer the following exercises to correct them.
Perfect for training observation and short-term memory pictures in which you need to find differences. At first glance, these images are exactly the same, but when the baby begins to look closely, he will find differences.
In order to better view the picture and find the differences, click on it and it will enlarge.
There are excellent games for training observation and correcting the individual features of memory, for which no devices are needed. It is necessary to line up the players in one line and ask the children to remember the appearance of each of those who play.
After that, one younger student should be asked to leave the room, and the participants in the game should make minor changes to their appearance - fasten a button, remove a badge, let their hair down. The player returning to the room must restore from memory the features of the appearance of each player and name what exactly has changed.
This exercise has variations when you need to train the observation and individual characteristics of the child’s thinking and memory, as well as help the children develop indirect development of voluntary attention.
You will have to put ten objects in front of the baby and ask him to look at them carefully, and then ask him to turn away. After that, change the arrangement of objects or replace one with another. The turned baby should say what exactly has changed.
Distribution of attention
In order to teach the baby to properly distribute his attention and conduct a small memory training, you need to use the following simple exercises:
- The student draws squares on a piece of paper for one minute and at the same time counts how many times the adult clapped his hands.
- A rather complex exercise is used to distribute such a feature of thinking as attention. The kid should draw circles with one hand and a triangle with the other at the same time. This is not possible for everyone and not immediately.
Parents can practice and invent similar games themselves. You just need to try to make the child do two things at the same time. For example, he wrote down words and listened to poetry at the same time. This will develop noise immunity, as well as solve the problem of poor memory.
Be sure to invent games with your children. This way you can follow the development of your children, and they, in turn, will be able to play independently invented games for the development of voluntary attention.
Shamil Akhmadullin
Psychologist, writer, author of more than 30 books and manuals on effective teaching of children, including “Speed Reading for Children. How to teach a child to read quickly and understand what they read, "Development of memory in children." Founder of the network of centers for speed reading, development of memory and intelligence in children TurboRead.ru.
The main activity of children of primary school age is education. It introduces significant changes in psychological processes, making high demands on the concentration of attention. The ability of children to work effectively in the classroom is the result of the ability to focus on the learning process, the topic and content of the lesson, the words of the teacher and their own actions. That is why it is so important to develop attention, which will help the child to fully learn and successfully cope with the tasks.
What is attention
Attention is a concept in cognitive psychology, meaning the selective focus of perception on certain objects. This is a special state of consciousness in which the subject (child) is able to focus cognitive processes (thinking, perception, imagination,) on specific objects that have personal or situational significance.
Attention is the concentration of a person on objects and phenomena that are most important to him.
How attention is formed in children
For the formation of attention skills in the learning process, it is important to observe several requirements:
- sufficient pace of learning and the absence of long pauses;
- reliance on active mental activity (application of tasks for generalization and comparison, search for examples and formation of conclusions);
- the absence of external stimuli that attract involuntary attention and distract from the cognitive process (loud remarks, comments, sudden movements);
- clarity and brevity of explanations before the child starts any work.
It is strictly forbidden to comment on the actions of the child when he is concentrated: to make comments, suggest. Hand in hand, you distract the child from the task and force him to concentrate on your words and again at work, which causes fatigue and loss of interest in the lesson.
The formation of attention is facilitated by various games and exercises for observation. The search for correspondences, mistakes, changes attracts and maintains the attention of the child, teaches him to concentrate without an additional call for attention.
How to improve the attention of children 7-10 years old
Small volume, insufficient selectivity, underdeveloped switchability and stability of attention are shortcomings that are eliminated due to special exercises included in the educational process. To improve the attention of a child of 7–10 years old, it is necessary to use two types of exercises:
- special exercises for the development of the basic properties of attention (stability, distribution, concentration);
- exercises that form attention as a personal property.
Inattention is the result of children's focus on the general, and not on particulars. grasping common sense story, the essence of the statement or, children do not delve into the details, do not take into account important elements.
The purpose of specialized exercises is to teach the child to perceive details against the general background.
The development of the attention of younger schoolchildren, with the right organization, develops into attentiveness - an integral feature of a successful person. It is important to explain this to children, convincing them of how necessary observation is, the ability to look for shortcomings, compare, and see changes. Tell the children that mindful people always have a goal and achieve it with ease.
By forming a daily routine with your child, you will teach him to pay attention to important events in the complex and separately. By gradually developing an action plan, you will teach the student to concentrate on the details.
No less effective for improving the attention of children are exercises with paired control, when classmates exchange the results of their work and look for each other's mistakes. Seeing the failures and shortcomings of others, children learn from the mistakes of others, being more attentive to their own work and its results.
You can improve the attention of the child by accustoming her to discipline, responsibility and accuracy. Attentive children are collected children who treat things with care, know how to take care of loved ones and themselves. Do you want to make your child responsible and attentive? Start and entrust the student to care for him.
Exercises to train the attention of children 7–10 years old
Constant training of attention and memory is the key to the formation of the skills necessary for effective and successful learning in a younger student. The inclusion of the following games in primary education has a positive effect on children's academic performance and their ability to concentrate.
Game "I remember everything"
The game is perfect for pairs or small groups (3-4 people). The main task of the players is to memorize the words in a strict sequence, and a third party (parent, teacher, student appointed by the judge) monitors compliance with the conditions, writing down a chain of words. So that the game does not tire the children, use words of the same subject: fruits, vegetables, cities, countries.
The process of the game looks like this: “Carrot,” says the first player. “Carrots, radishes,” says another. "Carrot, radish, tomato..."
A child who mixes up the sequence or forgets the word is out of the game. The winner is the player who did not make a single mistake.
The competitive nature of the game motivates children, making them participate with interest and train their memory and attentiveness.
Exercise "Find the words"
The game is appropriate in the classroom and perfectly complements the grammar exercises. Children are invited to find words in the alphabetic row, highlighting the superfluous according to a certain attribute: part of speech, gender, number, case.
For example:
1 RHA CAT NVPRA COW EURA DOGS CRVM
Correct answer: dogs is an extra word, as it is a plural noun.
2 NRALS COAT EEAR ARB YEA SHAMPOO
Correct answer: shampoo is an extra word, as it is a masculine noun.
Exercise "Name the color"
An interesting exercise that can be turned into a competition with the choice of the winner. The essence of the task is to accurately name the colors in which the words are written. The game develops concentration, because the child focuses on the color of the font, and not on the word for the color.
Exercise "Find the Differences"
A classic mindfulness exercise. The task of the child is to find all the differences between two similar images that can be found on the Internet. The exercise is suitable for both first graders and students in grades 2-4.
Smaller children aged 7-8 years are best shown images with a small number of large elements in discreet colors. For older children, bright pictures with an abundance of small details are suitable, the consideration of which trains not only attentiveness, but also improves stability and attention span - the ability to concentrate on several objects at the same time.
The development of concentration.corrective tasks. The child is asked to find and cross out certain letters in printed text. This is the main type of exercise in which the child has the opportunity to feel what it means to "be attentive" and develop a state of inner concentration. The implementation of proofreading tasks contributes to the development of concentration of attention and self-control in the performance of written work by schoolchildren. To conduct them, you will need any printed texts (old unnecessary books, newspapers, etc.), pencils and pens. For children 6-11 years old, it is advisable to use texts in large print. Corrective exercises should be carried out daily for 5 minutes (at least 5 times a week) for 2-4 months. Lessons can be individual or group.
Instruction. Within 5 minutes, you need to find and cross out all the letters “A” encountered (any letter can be indicated): both small and capital, and in the title of the text, and in the author's surname.
As the game is mastered, the rules become more complicated: the letters being searched for change, they are crossed out in different ways, etc .; two letters are simultaneously searched, one is crossed out, the second is underlined; on one line, the letters are circled, on the second they are marked with a tick, etc.
All changes made are reflected in the instructions given at the beginning of the lesson. Based on the results of the work, the number of gaps and incorrectly crossed out letters is counted. An indicator of normal concentration of attention is 4 or fewer gaps. More than 4 passes - weak concentration. This task is recommended to be carried out in the form of a game, adhering to the following rules:
1. The game is played in a friendly atmosphere. Younger children can be additionally interested in these activities by inviting them to train to be attentive also in order to become good drivers, pilots, doctors (after finding out who they want to be).
2. Losing should not cause feelings of displeasure, so you can introduce funny “penalties”: meow as many times as you made mistakes, crow, jump on one leg, etc.
3. For toddlers, the rate of allowed passes at each lesson should change and approximately equal the actual number of passes that the child makes.
4. The time of the lesson should not exceed 5 minutes.
5. The amount of text viewed does not matter and may be different for different children: from 3-4 sentences to several paragraphs or pages.
6. Checking the performance of the task in group classes is carried out by the students themselves from each other, they also come up with “penalties”. The practice of working with this task shows that after the first 3-4 weeks of classes, there is a reduction in errors in written tasks by 2-3 times. To consolidate the skills of self-control, it is necessary to continue classes for 2-4 months. If after 4 months of classes there is no improvement, they should be stopped and seek help from a speech therapist. When working with children 6-8 years old, it is very important to observe one more condition: to start each lesson with a new agreement on the possible number of errors. It is necessary to proceed from the actual number of mistakes made, so that the child does not have a feeling of hopelessness, the inability to achieve the desired result. This is easy to do in private lessons. In group classes, it can be difficult to achieve a general norm, so here you can pay attention to the variety of fines assigned by children to each other, and individual support for the child.
In order for the developmental effect of the game to be more noticeable when the child completes written learning tasks, it is necessary, simultaneously with the introduction of the game, to change the child's attitude to reading a Russian language textbook. This can be achieved by a comparative explanation of how words are read and how they are written. It should be explained to the children that in the Russian language textbook all the words written in the exercise must be read aloud as they are written, naming unpronounceable letters, punctuation marks, etc. When checking the written task completed by the child, the teacher must emphasize that reading is written you need to say it out loud and as if it was written by “another boy or girl, and you don’t know what is written here, so pronounce each letter the way it is written.” It is necessary to pay special attention to the fact that the exercise must be perceived as if it was performed by someone else - “another girl”, “a poorly trained puppy”, since children, checking their text, start from the meaning (and it is already known) , and no calls to read carefully do not improve things: children do not see missing and misspelled letters. Attributing a completed task to another alienates one's own creation and allows one to take it critically. For children who have difficulty concentrating, a more detailed stage of external actions is necessary.
Reading text up to the given expression. Children are invited to: read the text to the expression specified by the teacher in advance. Exercises based on the principle of exact reproduction of any sample. Children are offered some kind of graphic pattern (a sequence of several letters, numbers, a geometric pattern made in cells, etc.) and are given the task of accurately reproducing it (for example, to the end of a notebook line or on several lines).
"Find the words." Words are written on the board, in each of which you need to find another word hidden in it. For example: laughter, wolf, pillar, scythe, regiment, bison, fishing rod, stranded, set, injection, road, deer, pie, tunic.
The distribution of numbers in a certain order. In the left table there are 25 numbers from 1 to 40. You need to rewrite them in ascending order in an empty table on the right, starting from the top left square.
"Twisted Lines". Tracking a line from its beginning to the end, especially when it is intertwined with other lines, contributes to the development of concentration and concentration. To complete this task, you need cards 12x7 cm in size with drawn mixed lines of the same color.
The game is played with children 6-7 years old for 3-5 minutes daily for 3-4 weeks. The lesson can be organized as an individual or as a group. Each child receives a card with the following instruction: “Look at the card. Along the edges of the card there are vertical lines with dashes next to which there are numbers. These numbers are connected by tangled lines (paths). Within a few minutes, you only need to use your eyes without the help of your hands to find a path (“walk along it”) leading from one number to another: from one to one, from two to two, from three to three, etc. Is everything clear? As you master the game, new cards are offered with more intricate lines connecting different numbers: one with three, two with seven, etc. Answers are written on the back of the card: pairs of connecting numbers.
"Find differences". Tasks of this type require the ability to highlight the features of objects and phenomena, their details and master the operation of comparison. Systematic and purposeful teaching of comparison to schoolchildren contributes to the development of the skill of timely activation of attention, its inclusion in the regulation of activity. For comparison, any objects, their images, pictures, differing in a certain number of details, can be offered.
Münsterberg's technique (and its modifications). A) Words are inserted into a meaningless set of letters (more often - nouns, but there may be verbs, adjectives, adverbs). It is required to find them as quickly as possible without errors.
B) The child is given a form with 5 lines of randomly typed letters printed on it, following one after another without spaces. Among these letters, the child must find 10 words (3, 4, 5 complex) and underline them. You have 5 minutes to complete the entire task. The indicator of success can be the number of correctly found words and the speed of the task. Job example:
Fly game. This game is also aimed at developing concentration. To carry it out, you will need sheets of paper with a lined nine-cell playing field 3×3, chips (buttons, coins, pebbles can be chips). The game is played for 5-10 minutes, 2-3 times a week, for 1-2 months. The task is done in pairs. Each pair of players is given a sheet with a lined playing field and one chip. The players are given the following instruction: “Look at a piece of paper with lined cells. This is the playing field. But this chip is a “fly”. "Fly" sat in the middle of the sheet in the middle cell. From here, she can move in any direction. But she can move only when she is given the commands “up”, “down”, “left”, “right”, turning away from the playing field. One of you, the one on the left, will turn away and, without looking at the field, will give commands, the other will move the “fly”. You need to try to keep the “fly” on the field for 5 minutes and not let it “fly away” (leave the playing field). Then the partners switch roles. If the “fly” “flies away” earlier, then the exchange of roles will occur earlier. All clear?" The complication of the game is due to the fact that the players are united in threes. Two take turns giving commands, trying to keep the “fly” on the field. The third controls her "flight". The one whose “fly” “flies away” before the agreed time gives way to the controller. If everyone fits in the allotted time, then they change roles in turn. A game of three takes no more than 10 minutes, that is, 3 minutes for each. The winner is the one who lasts in his role all the allotted time.
A game common among the hunting tribes of the Indians. Children are offered to sit quietly for a short time and try to hear all possible noises, guess what they came from (the teacher can specially “organize” some noises). This game can be played as a competition: who will hear the noises more and guess their origin.
Increased attention span and short-term memory. The exercises are based on memorizing the number and order of a number of objects presented for a few seconds. As you master the exercise, the number of objects gradually increases.
Game "Notice everything". 7-10 items are laid out in a row (you can put pictures with images of items on a typesetting canvas), which are then closed. Having slightly opened the objects for 10 s, close them again and invite the children to list all the objects (or pictures) that they remember.
Opening the same objects again, for 8-10 seconds, ask the children in what order they lay. Having swapped any two objects, show everything again for 10 s. Invite the children to determine which items are transferred. Without looking more at the items, say what color each of them is. You can come up with other options for this game (remove objects and ask children to name the missing person; arrange objects not in a row, but, for example, one on top of the other so that the children list them in order from bottom to top, and then from top to bottom, etc.) .
The game "Search non-stop." Within 10-15 seconds, see as many objects of the same color (or the same size, shape, material, etc.) around you. At the signal of the teacher, one child begins the enumeration, the others complete it.
Attention training. The basic principle of the exercises: the child is offered the simultaneous performance of two multidirectional tasks. At the end of the exercise (after 10-15 minutes), the effectiveness of each task is determined.
"Each hand has its own business." Children are asked to slowly leaf through a book with illustrations for 1 minute with their left hand (memorizing them), and with their right hand to draw geometric shapes or solve simple examples. The game can be offered in a math lesson.
"An account with a hindrance." The child calls the numbers from 1 to 20, while writing them down on a piece of paper or board in reverse order: says 1, writes 20, says 2, writes 19, etc. Calculate the task execution time and the number of errors.
"Reading with Disturbance". Children read the text while tapping a rhythm with a pencil. When reading, children also look for answers to questions.
An exercise to train the distribution of attention. The child is offered the following task - to cross out 1 or 2 letters in the text and at the same time they put on a children's record with a fairy tale. Then they check how many letters the child missed when crossing out and are asked to tell what he heard and understood from the fairy tale. The first failures in the performance of this rather difficult task may cause protest and refusal in the child, but at the same time, the first successes inspire. The advantage of such a task is the possibility of its game and competitive design.
Teaching younger schoolchildren "attentive writing" by the method of gradual formation of mental actions. Classes on the formation of attention are conducted as training in "attentive writing" and are based on the material of texts containing different types of errors "through inattention": substitution or omission of words in a sentence, substitution or omission of letters in a word, continuous spelling of a word with a preposition, etc. As shown research, the presence of a sample text with which it is necessary to compare the erroneous text is not in itself a sufficient condition for the accurate completion of tasks for detecting errors, since inattentive children do not know how to compare text with a sample, they do not know how to check. That is why all the teacher's calls to "check your work" turn out to be ineffective. One of the reasons for this is the orientation of children to the general meaning of the text or word and the neglect of particulars. To overcome global perception and form control over the text, it is necessary to teach children to read taking into account the elements against the background of understanding the meaning of the whole.
An important point in the process of forming attention is working with a special card on which the rules for checking are written out, the order of operations when checking the text. The presence of such a card is a necessary material support for mastering the full-fledged action of control. As the action of control is internalized and curtailed, the obligatory use of such a card disappears. To generalize the formed control action, it is then worked out on a wider material (pictures, patterns, sets of letters and numbers). After that, when special conditions are created, control is transferred from the situation of experimental learning to the actual practice of learning activities. Thus, the method of phased formation allows you to get a full-fledged control action, i.e. formation of attention.
Thus, the conducted research gives grounds to assert that the inclusion of corrective and developmental exercises and tasks in the lesson is an effective means of developing the attention of younger students, and the hypothesis put forward is confirmed.
Analyzing the work done, we came to the conclusion:
In order to successfully conduct training sessions at school, the teacher needs to take into account the individual characteristics of the attention of schoolchildren when preparing for each lesson;
The attention of students depends entirely on the activity of the teacher in the lesson, on the variety of ways to explain the material.
Here are some tips to help keep students engaged:
At the stage of the organizational moment, conduct games and exercises aimed at developing and correcting attention in children;
At each lesson, highlight the most difficult situations in which students need help; without depriving the work of feasible difficulties, try to prevent possible failures in children. At the same time, emphasize the slightest achievements of children, which increases their self-confidence and contributes to increased attention to the subject;
When solving various practical problems, put students in such conditions where they must remember something, draw on their experience, perform various measurements, make the result of their search indifferent to themselves, and discover something new for themselves.
12 years is the age when a child's learning abilities are almost at their highest level. That is why parents should not stop there: your task is to develop the child intellectually and further. How to do it - read on.
How to develop attention in a child
How to develop mindfulness in a child of 12 years? To do this, you can perform special exercises that train this skill. The complex of attentiveness classes for children 12 years old includes the following exercises:
- "Don't get lost." The exercise develops concentration and teaches how to properly distribute it. Let the child count out loud, for example, from 1 to 31, but at the same time do not include the number with the number 3 in the count. Instead, he should say “I won’t go astray.”
- "Observation". This exercise helps develop visual memory. The child needs to describe from memory the details of the way to school, the yard near the house, his room or class. In general, any place in which he has to be. The description is done orally.
- "Fly". This exercise is also aimed at developing concentration. It is carried out in the form of a game.
To complete it, you need to take a board and draw a field with 3x3 cells on it. You will also need a piece of plasticine. He will play the role of a fly. Now put the board upright, and let the child move the fly around the cells in accordance with the commands that you will give him. For example: "right", "left", "up", "down". The starting position of the fly is the cage in the center of the board.
How to develop mindfulness in a schoolchild is written in specialized literature on child development and popular psychology.
How to improve the memory of a child of 12 years
How to develop memory in a child of 12 years? To do this, you need to focus on several aspects.
If a child of 12 years old has a bad memory, he should read a lot. Do not let children sit at the computer for a long time, it is better to get them interested in a good book, show by example that reading should become an integral part of life for a child.
Effectively train memory development of new skills and abilities. If a child learns a new sport or starts playing any musical instruments, this will help him cope with the problem of poor memory. Another option on how to improve the memory and attention of a schoolchild is to give a son or daughter to learn by heart poems and excerpts from prose works. Also be sure to increase your child's vocabulary. This can be done with the help of board games, like Scrabble.
Among other things, remembering numbers is good for the development of memory. Let your child try to remember the dates of birth of all relatives - this will be a great way to train his memory.
How to develop logic in a child of 12 years
In order to develop logic in a child, you need to conduct intellectual disputes with him more often, discuss various books, films. Let the child draw conclusions about the viewed or read story and its characters, this also trains logic.
A good way to train logical thinking and attention is board games. For example, chess and checkers, Monopoly. Also, a child at the age of 12 can already solve Sudoku - this is a great option for training logic.
Communicate with your children on an equal footing, build trusting relationships with them, discuss the problems of society, seek advice. All this will help in the development of the intellectual abilities of your child and give him a good incentive for further growth: so he will feel like an adult and independent.
