Why does a child see close objects far away. Violation, disorders of perception of illusion and hallucinations. neurological symptoms during and after high fever

Brief introduction

This short treatise (No. 35 in the Porphyrian chronology) is the only surviving evidence that Plotinus was interested in optics, as evidenced by Porphyry (see: Life Dam, ch. fourteen). The problem of why distant objects appear smaller has been much discussed in philosophical schools, and Plotinus gives five explanations for this phenomenon. The first of these belongs to the Stoics (light reduced to the size of the pupil); the second seems to refer to vulgar Aristotelianism (we perceive eidos without matter and thus without magnitude; but, Plotinus notes, magnitude itself is eidos); third (the need to consider an object in parts in order to know its magnitude) - the explanation of the Epicureans; the fourth - again belongs to the Peripatetics (we perceive mainly color, the value is accidental for visual perception). Plotinus clearly prefers this explanation and considers it in more detail, making a digression towards the perception of sounds. The fifth explanation - mathematical (through narrowing the angle of view) - Plotinus obviously considers more interesting than the first three, but rejects it as not explaining the phenomenon.

Synopsis

Why do distant objects appear smaller? Four explanations of this phenomenon: three - in a brief summary, the fourth - in a more detailed one, with some digression into the field of acoustics (Chapter 1). The refutation of the fifth explanation is through the narrowing of the angle of view (ch. 2).

1. Does not remoteness make things appear smaller than they are, and the distances between them appear smaller; and do not near things seem the same as they are, and the distances between them are the same? Distant objects appear smaller to the viewer, as light causes the phenomenon to contract, bringing the objects to the size of the pupil. As far as the matter of a visible object is removed, so large eidos comes from it, which is devoid of matter, and since the magnitude, insofar as it is quality, is eidos, then only the logos [of the eidos of magnitude, devoid of any magnitude] comes. Or, in another way, this is because we perceive the magnitude in the process of transition, examining the object part by part, each of which has some extension. In this case, the object itself must be close so that its magnitude can be known. Or, to put it another way, magnitude is something accidental in visual perception, which is primarily intended for the perception of color, so that when an object is near, we know the magnitude of what is colored, when it is distant, we only know that it has color, but the quantified parts do not give exact knowledge of their concrete quantification; so that from a distance even the colors themselves come to us indistinctly. Then what is surprising in the fact that the sizes, like weakening sounds, become smaller as their forms become clouded [in our sensory perception of them]? As in the case with the amount of sound, the size is a kind of random eidos for sensory perception. But that the magnitude of a sound is something accidental is by no means obvious; why, in fact, the magnitude of what is heard is random? Why is the magnitude of the sound primary for the hearer, just as the magnitude of the visible is the first thing that catches the eye? But the magnitude of a sound is perceived by the ear not as a quantity, but as more and less, as a force, and not as something accidental; just as taste sensations perceive the power of sweetness not by chance; but the magnitude of a sound is the magnitude of the distance at which it can be heard - this is, perhaps, a really random value arising from force and not being strictly defined. For, on the one hand, each sound has its own power, which remains identical, on the other hand, it multiplies itself, occupying all the place to which the sound has spread. But the colors do not become smaller, but cloudy; this turbidity is the small quantities. Both have in common "to be less than they are"; as far as color is concerned, "to be less" signifies turbidity, and as far as magnitude is concerned, "to be less" signifies the presence of smallness; therefore, similarly to the color, the size also decreases.

What, then, makes clear those colorful and many-part objects, each of whose parts exists separately, what are the hills with houses located on them, many trees, and many other things? If clarity is achieved simply by seeing, then we measure the whole from the visible parts. But if the eidos of the whole does not allow us to go through all the parts, then the possibility of knowing the magnitude of the whole by measuring the magnitude of the subject according to the eidos of its individual parts is excluded. This also applies to things that are close. If they are many-part, the very first glance at them as a whole, a glance that does not delve into the consideration of all the eidos of the parts, shows them as smaller as how large the parts not seen are; when all the parts are visible, we have the object accurately measured and know what size it is. Those quantities that belong to one form and are like color in everything deceive our vision, because we cannot measure them, passing from part to part, because they elude measurement in parts, since they lack clearly distinguished separate parts. Things distant seem closer, for the distance in between seems shortened for this very reason. Therefore, the magnitudes of things that are close are not hidden, but the gaze cannot penetrate to distant distances [not distorted] and see the eidos located there as they are, so it is impossible to say how big the object really is.

2. It has already been said elsewhere that the angle of view has nothing to do with the reduction of objects, but we are forced to repeat this; for he who said that objects appear smaller because of the narrowing of the angle of vision, left it to some other vision to see things outside or other things, or things outside the angle of vision, such as air. Therefore, he leaves nothing out of sight if there is a large mountain in front of him, for example; but then either the distances in the [observer's] eyes are the same as in the visible object, and he cannot see anything else, despite the fact that the measurements of the field of view are applied immediately to the visible object, or the visible object also exists on the other side of the field view, exists on both sides; what will he say when a distant object, occupying the entire field of view, is smaller than it is? It seems that such a statement would be undeniable if the sky were observed. Although it is impossible for anyone's vision to cover the hemisphere with a single glance and to spread the gaze as it spread, but if he wants - let's assume [that this happened]. So, let all vision contain the entire hemisphere, the size of which is visible as this real sky, however, it is itself larger than it seems to us; how can we now explain the fact that distant objects appear smaller through a decrease in the angle of view?

UFF... Only for you, and very briefly. So, the PET method was originally developed to determine metastases in cancer patients at the level of even one cell. After some time, doctors already realized that this method is also good for determining other brain problems. You see, my friend, an MRI is, roughly speaking, an x-ray. The problems of our children are almost always associated with the fact that certain parts of the brain, for one reason or another (in utero, during childbirth, during hypoxia, at high temperature, and many more because of what ..) are reborn from brain tissue into connective , non-functional for the brain. And the connective tissue is RADIOIMMUNE!!! Therefore, a normal neurologist should burst into laughter with a diagnosis, say, "dysplasia of the corpus callosum of the brain." Uzist after all, like a Nanai boy - what I see - I sing. What can he see on an MRI? Provided that this is an x-ray, and the connective tissue is radioimmune? He can only see "holes" in the places where this rebirth took place. This is where such wild diagnoses as the absence of the corpus callosum arise. A person cannot live without the corpus callosum.
And since MRI is often uninformative, then PET comes to the rescue. This study will show exactly those cells that have degenerated and their places of deployment.
In practice, it was like this for us: PET was scheduled for 11 am. And we were warned not to be late even for a minute. How we achieved this - in order to get from Zelenograd on time - is a separate story, I will not talk about it. Why can't you be late? Because a radioactive element that is administered intravenously to a child is synthesized literally a couple of hours before administration, because it has an extremely short half-life. I didn’t have time - that’s it, the element fell apart, there is no research. This is a plus - that the decay is extremely fast, so the harm is minimal. We were given intravenous liquid with this element, and after 5 minutes they were placed under the PET machine. It is very similar to an MRI. It is also a bed that goes a little inside the capsule. But everything is open, there is no claustrophobia. And the recording begins. The child lay on this bed, twirled, pulled his leg. My husband and I portrayed the theater of two actors. We read a bunch of poems and fairy tales to him by heart, acted out a bunch of children's plays so that Tosha would feel comfortable and not be too fidgety. At some moments, Toshka lay calmly and listened to our jokes. The recording went on for about 40 minutes. Then we all went to rest together, drink coffee, and the doctor came out 15 minutes later and said that there were quite a lot of fragments of the recording where Toshka did not twitch, that the study was successful.
A question of a different kind, that a consultation was then collected on us several times, because the study showed that we have an absolutely unaffected brain, there is only insufficient myelination of the thalamus. And that with such a brain, a child definitely cannot be in the state in which we are. But that's a completely different story..

Learn more about seizures. Suddenly he says: "Mom, everything is getting small, everything is very far away, everything around has become small!" cuddles and starts to get nervous, cry.

sometimes he even asks to be taken to the hospital to have medicine dripped into his eyes. At the moment of the attack, I ask about colors, recognize and see all colors, objects, but only everything becomes very small, as he says. Please tell me what is this and which specialist should we go to?

On Google or Yandex, you can also search for information on the query "Micropsy"

child sees circles

child 7 years old, does not see curbs, pits

A 4-year-old child does not see anything periodically

The child sees with one eye everything in gray circles

The child sees colored circles

The child seems to be getting bigger

My daughter, 6 years old, began to complain that sometimes (once every 3-4 days) she suddenly sees everything as if very far away. "Everything is small", "everything is far away", "you are all far away and tiny" - describes his feelings in approximately these words. At the same time, he sees clearly, that is, apparently there is no blurring of the image. There is no pain, there is no fear, except for me.

My mother (me) has a high degree of myopia - 8. laser correction in 1999. Her sister is 11 years old - myopia minus 3. Dad has perfect vision. My grandmother also has a high degree of myopia. She was born full-term at 39 weeks, weight growth is normal, vaccinations are all on schedule, there are no chronic diseases. There are no infections.

Since we are now far from the city, we are interested in 2 questions:

1. Is this an emergency?

2. Which doctor to contact first upon arrival - an ophthalmologist or a neurologist.

And what could it possibly be?

With myopia, objects are seen simply blurry. Daughter Vash describes the state of micropsia (Alice in Wonderland Syndrome). It can be observed at the beginning of infection with the Epstein-Barr virus, with fever, migraine, epilepsy. Sometimes it occurs as an independent symptom in children aged 5 to 13 years.

In my opinion, this condition requires a fairly urgent face-to-face examination of the child: first, by a neurologist.

Made an appointment with an ophthalmologist on Monday.

It turned out, during my conversation with my daughter, in more detail, that everything around at such moments is more likely not "tiny", but "distant". That is, everything is farther than it actually is and, as a result, it seems small. Although with a 6-year-old child you can’t really understand.

We will go to the neurologist after the ophthalmologist, according to the results, so to speak.

You should have taken the baby to the neurologist by now. A child psychiatrist, an infectious disease specialist, and an ophthalmologist may also be involved.

Please report the results of the surveys to the forum community.

CHILD IMAGINES EVERYTHING BIG AT NIGHT

Individual and group psychotherapy for personal growth -

Trainings for anxiety management and successful communication.

Yes, there is a need to consult a child psychiatrist.

You can contact a private psychiatric clinic or a private psychiatrist-psychotherapist in your city. This will allow you to maintain complete anonymity and social rights with any diagnosis. It is not possible to understand the situation in absentia and even more so to prescribe treatment.

If you have any questions to the consultant, ask him through a personal message or use the \"ask a question\" form on the pages of our website.

You can also contact us by phone:

The child seems to be getting bigger

Mishutka could not sleep yesterday because of his eyes. He says that objects seem either large or small, or far, or close. Cries - does not know what to do. In the evening, the teacher in the kindergarten told me that it was the same at midnight. They took his temperature, everything is normal. Now he began to lie down and again tears and complaints about increasing and decreasing objects. Tomorrow we will go to the optometrist. But during the day he is fine. I'm already thinking about a psychotherapist. Maybe someone faced such a problem? We are very worried.

I don't even know, I've never heard of it.

Matt is no big deal. I noticed this at school in the 1st grade: I was sitting on the penultimate desk and the teacher constantly seemed to me either big or decreased quickly. It was even interesting to me then, but Mishana, probably, was scary. My eyesight is excellent, there are no psychotic disorders, but grade 1 was stressful, and when these visual crap happened, I didn’t even hear that I was called to the board and what she was saying at all, she concentrated on this. Maybe it's the imagination playing with us like that.

Were at the optometrist. Vision is perfect. Visual hallucinations were written on the card and sent to a neurologist.

Very strange - I've never experienced this before. And why can a child have this because of nerves? Although neurology is different, for example, in our country it manifests itself in coughing. We are healing now. good luck with your treatment. Maybe something is happening in the kindergarten that the child does not talk about, but it worries him very much?

Girls, maybe someone will be able to make out the written diagnosis. I just realized metamorphopsia.

some other deficiency

The neuropathologist's diagnosis was Vertebo-basilar insufficiency syndrome.

supermom, I advise you to contact och. a good specialist on this issue, just do not be afraid.

I can say for sure that "SDR" means short for "syndrome". I understand that "Vertebro Basilar Insufficiency Syndrome" - something like that is written. Precisely, the neurologist deals with "syndromes".

This diagnosis was not given to us by a neurologist, but by an ophthalmologist. We're going to the neurologist on Monday.

Mommy can anyone know gymnastics for the eyes.

we were given a thumbnail.

I want to print it out and hang it on the wall.

The child seems to be getting bigger

There he was examined by a resuscitator (he did not find any indications for resuscitation) and an infectious disease doctor (he said to go to bed, to be observed). By this time, the baby began to recover and we retreated. (no temperature, coughing), we treat. What was it?

Delirium in a child

Doesn't threaten anything.

Special events do not require - if possible, bring down the temperature and drink more.

sos - high temperature + anesthesia = hallucinations.

They called an ambulance, she arrived only with analgin.

the next day at a temp. 37:2 he again said that he had goose bumps on his hands, I gave more valerian and in half an hour he calmed down.

Tell me, is this a consequence of anesthesia or high temperature, or did everything overlap?

who will turn to? I am very worried about the mentality of the child.

we are also referred for an MRI, because they do not know the cause of the hematoma (this is the second time in the same place), but our pediatrician says that he may not be able to endure another anesthesia.

It is a pity that you are far away from us. We will look for an open-type device.

Only not at a high temperature, but after she gave paracetamol and an hour and a half or two later (he was sleeping), when the temperature dropped. The child sweated, woke up and started. also something like hallucinations. After 5-7 minutes he calmed down and fell asleep. I am very worried, because this has never happened before, and over the past two months it has already happened three times.

And further. After recovery, for some time, the child complains that everything is moving away (mother becomes very small), shakes his head - it seems to be normal. What could it be? Consequence of infection? medicines? Or neurological issues?

My son was diagnosed with VSD, can it give such a condition or is it a toxic effect of SARS on the nervous system? Please help me, I will be very grateful for the answer! My son asks me for help, but I don’t know how to help him.

neurological symptoms during and after high fever

Doesn't threaten anything.

but we have had a temperature for a long time, and also woke up at night

we went to a neurologist, we were prescribed phenibut and neuromultivit

the night began to calmly pass, but during the day the behavior changed, there were more whims, she would not calmly ask for anything, she immediately moaned, whined.

dry superficial cough

and large pupils

runs more, jumps more than usual, as if he does not know what to do with himself

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It seems to the child that my head is decreasing and increasing.

I thought it was something to do with vision.

So I decided to read it, but it turns out that this is something mental.

Who faced this?

what is it mental, and not his fantasy?

A month ago, they did an EEG and 2 other similar examinations, everything was normal, the neuropathologist said. But we were with her because of hyperactivity.

Googled and found.

I can tell you how far our fears reach.

a friend of mine asked a 3-year-old child herself, 'Son, your head hurts (etc.). ’ The child always agreed with everything. She 'registered' in an infectious disease (she was looking for meningitis), then at the Institute of Nephrology, and then I lost her, I can't stand it ((((

I usually have low blood pressure, I already feel bad (Sometimes there is a sharpness in the eyes, as it were, brought in and out, then objects seem larger / smaller.

I don't know what happens to kids.

When he was 2 years old, he pointed to some uncle at his grandmother's house.

In the summer he woke up at night and pointed towards the window with cries of 'Bes'. I thought I had a dream, in the morning I told everything as I saw it. When I pray for him a lot, then he does not see.

Well, no one canceled the wild fantasy 🙂

don't show my name (anonymous answer)
follow the answers to this question)

signs

Micropsia is an amazing, strange and unusual disease in the world of medicine. Symptoms of micropsia can manifest themselves in the following ways:

objects seem smaller to the child than they really are (for example, a table may seem larger than a spoon lying on it);
vertical surfaces can appear horizontal and vice versa;
stationary objects, such as furniture, may begin to move and circle around the room;
as a result, there is a possibility of disorientation.

The reasons

Micropsia is a disease characteristic of children from three to thirteen years old, as a rule, after the completion of the puberty period, seizures occur less frequently, and by the age of thirty they completely disappear. Therefore, if a child develops symptoms, do not panic. This phenomenon has not been fully studied, therefore it is impossible to clearly and unambiguously determine the cause that prompted the onset of symptoms. However, there are a number of factors that provoke the onset of the disorder:

Epstein-Barr virus infections;
malignant brain tumor;
mononucleosis;
epilepsy;
fever;
schizophrenia;
the use of hallucinogens;
migraine.

It is also common to consider micropsia in the context of a mental disorder, and not as a separate stable disease.

Treatment

Since the disease is poorly understood and the causes of its occurrence are not fully understood, there is no clear method for treating micropsia. However, the consequences of the manifestation of symptoms in the form of disorientation, put the patient's life at serious risk, so this disorder should not be ignored. However, the main treatment should be aimed at eliminating the main factors, and not their consequences, in which drug treatment is prescribed. Medicines, as a rule, are used the same as for migraines - from the group of painkillers.

Preventive measures are:

establishing a regimen of the day: sleep for at least 8 hours, meals 3 times a day, preferably in compliance with the schedule and the exclusion of junk food;
avoidance of stress and conflicts, as well as situations where the manifestation of symptoms can become dangerous (extreme sports, driving vehicles, swimming in open water, etc.).

And it should be remembered that the manifestation of symptoms in children does not frighten them, while adults can panic, negatively affecting the child's perception of the outside world. Therefore, it is important to surround the child with care and understanding for a favorable outcome of the situation.

Candidates of Pedagogical Sciences Marina EGUPOVA and Natalia KARPUSHINA.

We are accustomed to trust our eyes and do not wonder why the same object looks larger near than far away? Or why objects of different sizes sometimes seem to be the same size? The mechanisms of vision are quite complex, but some of its features can be explained on the basis of geometric representations.

The angular size of an object is the angle of view at which the entire object is visible (in this case, the angle ABC).

Measuring the height of the luminary with the help of Jacob's staff.

The hand is a natural goniometer.

The same object can visually have different sizes depending on the distance from the observer's eye.

The image of an object on the retina is turned upside down (reverse) and reduced.

The geometry of a total solar eclipse.

From one angle of view, the visible linear dimensions of objects seem to be the same.

What is the angle of view

Every object has linear dimensions: length, width and height. But as soon as it enters our field of vision, it acquires another dimension - the angular one. Let's see what this means. When we look at an object, a ray can be drawn from the eye through each point of it, called the line of sight. It is clear that there will be an infinite number of them. Any two lines of sight form an angle of view. The angle of view at which the object is seen as a whole is called the angular size of the object. Like any flat angle, it is measured in degrees, minutes, seconds, or radians.

The concept of angular size is used in geometric optics, geodesy, and astronomy. It also occurs in geometry, but here it is customary to talk about the angle of view under which a given segment is “visible” from a specified point - the height of the figure, its diameter, etc.

The angular size depends on the choice of the observation point, which is easy to verify by measuring it from two points located at different distances from the object. Depending on the nature of the object, the angle of view at which it is visible is determined using special instruments, for example, a theodolite is used for measurements on the ground, a sextant is used to determine the height of celestial objects above the horizon, etc.

In ancient times, more primitive tools were used for the same purpose. One of them is Jacob's staff, the forerunner of the modern sextant. It was a rod along which a cross rail slid; divisions corresponding to certain angles were applied to the rod (they were previously measured with a protractor). The observer brought one end of the staff to the eye, directed the other towards the object being measured, and then moved the rail until it “touched” the horizon line with one end, and the celestial object with the other. After that, it only remained to “take readings” - to see which division on the rod corresponds to the rake. This handy and simple tool is easy to make yourself, it is quite suitable for approximate measurement of angles in any plane.

Finally, the angular size of an object can be estimated literally with "bare hands". A hand will serve as a goniometer, unless, of course, you know some angles. For example, we see the nail of the index finger of the hand extended in front of us at an angle approximately equal to 1 o, the fist at an angle of 10 o, and the gap between the ends of the thumb and little finger apart at an angle of 22 o.

Angular size and distance

The angular size of an object is not a constant value and depends on the distance of the object from the eye: the further the object is, the smaller the angle of view under which it is visible.

To understand the reason for this phenomenon, let us recall that the image of an object on the retina is reversed and reduced. When an object is removed, its image on the retina becomes smaller, which is why it seems to us to be decreasing. When the distance is reduced, the image, on the contrary, increases and the object seems to increase. In the language of geometry, this means that the magnitude of the angle of view is inversely proportional to the distance to the object.

This feature of vision helps to understand some of our actions and phenomena around us. Why, for example, in order to see the details of a picture hanging on the wall or the small print on the page of a book, one has to come closer to the canvas or bring the text up to one's eyes. The answer is simple: we need to enlarge the image on the retina, and for this we need to increase the angle of view, which we do by reducing the distance to the object.

Another example. Imagine two parallel lines “running away” into the distance (railroad rails, the edges of a straight highway). They seem to "converge" at one point. The same impression is created by rows of telegraph poles or trees along the road. Vision seems to be trying to convince us that, contrary to the laws of geometry, parallel lines intersect. But this is only an illusion, which arises from the apparent decrease in the distance between the lines as they move away.

From one angle

Often you have to deal with another situation. If we consider objects of the same shape, but different linear sizes from the same angle of view, it seems that their sizes are equal. This is confirmed by a simple experiment. Line up several nesting dolls in height and look at them from the side of the smallest figure, and then slowly step back without changing the direction of your gaze. You will see how the matryoshkas will begin to “merge”, blocking one another. Finally, when you move back a certain distance, only one matryoshka will be visible - the one closest to you. If now we move the figures to the sides so that they are all fully visible, then visually the nesting dolls will appear to be the same size.

A similar phenomenon can be observed in nature. For example, during a total solar eclipse, the lunar disk exactly obscures the sun. At this moment, the observer from the Earth sees both celestial bodies from the same angle of view. It would be impossible to see such a unique phenomenon if the linear dimensions of the Sun and Moon, as well as the distances from them to the Earth, did not consist in a certain mathematical relationship.

From the point of view of geometry, in both cases we are dealing with the similarity of figures, more precisely, with homothety, with a center coinciding with the eye of the observer. Therefore, if two objects similar in shape are seen from the same angle of view, then their linear dimensions differ as much as the distance to the objects differs. Thus, the diameters of the Sun and Moon (D and d) and the distances from these bodies to the Earth (L and l) are related by a simple formula:

We have revealed far from all the secrets of vision. Features of vision, when a person looks with two eyes, an explanation of some visual illusions, the creation of visual effects in architecture and painting - a conversation about this ahead.

Why does a child see close objects far away. Violation, disorders of perception of illusion and hallucinations. neurological symptoms during and after high fever

child sees circles

child 7 years old, does not see curbs, pits

A 4-year-old child does not see anything periodically

The child sees with one eye everything in gray circles

The child sees colored circles

The child seems to be getting bigger

CHILD IMAGINES EVERYTHING BIG AT NIGHT

The child seems to be getting bigger

The child seems to be getting bigger

Delirium in a child

sos - high temperature + anesthesia = hallucinations.

neurological symptoms during and after high fever

Who is at the conference now

It seems to the child that my head is decreasing and increasing.

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