What is varicose veins of the stomach. Varicose veins of the stomach: causes, treatment Nerves and varicose veins

Garbuzenko D.V. Therapeutic tactics for bleeding from gastric varicose veins // Annals of Surgical Hepatology - 2007. - V. 12, No. 1. - P. 96-103.
When quoting an article, a reference to the author is required!

CLASSIFICATION OF GASTRIC VARICOSE VEINS

The most widespread classification of varicose veins of the stomach, which is based on their localization and relationship with varicose veins of the esophagus. In addition, varicose veins of the stomach can be primary and secondary. In the latter case, they develop, as a rule, after endoscopic treatment.
Varicose veins that pass from the esophagus to the stomach are defined as gastroesophageal and are of two types:
1) gastroesophageal varicose veins of the first type continue from esophageal varicose veins along the lesser curvature of the stomach 2-5 cm below the cardia;
2) gastroesophageal varices of the second type extend from the esophagus towards the fundus of the stomach.
Isolated varicose veins of the stomach are formed in the absence of varicose veins of the esophagus. Among them are distinguished:
1) isolated varicose veins of the stomach of the first type, which are located in the fundus of the stomach;
2) isolated varicose veins of the stomach of the second type, which are ectopic phlebectasia of the pylorus, antrum and body of the stomach. They are usually secondary.
The Japanese Society for the Study of Portal Hypertension classifies gastric varices by color (white and blue), shape (straight, nodular and tortuous), presence of red color features (RC0-3), localization (cardiac, fundic and varicose occupies both departments) .

FORMATION MECHANISM
GASTRIC VARICOSE VEINS

Gastroesophageal varicose veins, predominantly of the first type, in most cases are observed in patients with extrahepatic portal hypertension caused by impaired patency of the portal vein, less often with cirrhosis of the liver. The cause of isolated varicose veins of the stomach of the first type is often segmental (left-sided) portal hypertension, which develops as a result of thrombosis or narrowing of the splenic vein, as a rule, against the background of pancreatic pathology.
Gastroesophageal varices of the first type, like esophageal varices, drain mainly through the left gastric and coronary veins. The term “coronary vein” refers to the anastomoses between the left and right gastric veins. The left gastric vein ascends along the lesser curvature of the stomach to the left into the lesser omentum to the esophageal opening of the diaphragm, where it communicates with the veins of the esophagus, and then, bending back down and to the right behind the omental sac, flows into the portal vein or, when the blood flow changes its direction, into the unpaired system. veins. Isolated varicose veins of the stomach are formed as a result of reversal of blood flow through the splenic, gastroepiploic and posterior gastric veins. In this case, the term “posterior gastric vein” means anastomoses between the left and short veins of the stomach. Isolated gastric varices of the second type are often combined with the expansion of the branches of the gastroepiploic veins. Gastric varices are usually drained by spontaneous gastrorenal shunts that form between the veins of the gastrosplenic vascular territory and the left renal vein, either through the inferior phrenic or adrenal veins. A case of the formation of a gastropericardial shunt with the participation of the posterior gastric vein is described.
Endoscopic treatment of esophageal varices often contributes to the development of secondary, predominantly isolated gastric varicose veins. On the other hand, sclerotherapy of varicose veins of the esophagus, with the caudal direction of the drug flow, can achieve stable eradication of gastroesophageal varicose veins, especially the first type.

DIAGNOSIS OF GASTRIC VARICOSE VEINS
AND RISK FACTORS FOR BLEEDING FROM THEM

Gastric varices are most commonly diagnosed during screening of patients with portal hypertension who are being examined for varicose veins or in the event of gastric bleeding. At the same time, a standard endoscopic examination does not always allow an accurate assessment of the true prevalence of this pathology due to the deep location of dilated veins in the submucosa of the stomach, and it can be difficult to distinguish them from folds. The quality of diagnostics can be improved by means of computed tomography and endoscopic ultrasonography.
However, information about the size and location of gastric varicose veins, the presence of inflammatory changes in the gastric mucosa, obtained during endoscopic examination, is essential for assessing the risk of hemorrhagic complications. At the same time, risk factors for bleeding are large-nodular blue varicose veins, its fundal localization, red spots on the gastric mucosa in combination with severe liver dysfunction.
It is believed that the leading mechanism contributing to the rupture of varicose veins is a combination of increased pressure within their lumen and weakness of the vessel wall. According to Laplace's law, the vascular wall stress (T) is proportional to the intravascular pressure (P), vessel diameter (D) and inversely proportional to its wall thickness (W):

T=P*D/W

Although fundic varicose veins are located in the submucosa, at large sizes they penetrate the muscular lamina of the gastric mucosa, pass in the lamina propria and protrude into the gastric lumen, becoming vulnerable to damage. In this case, the risk of their rupture increases sharply.
Due to the formation of spontaneous gastrorenal shunts, the indicators of the portohepatic pressure gradient in patients with gastric varices are lower than those with esophageal varices, which is why most bleeding occurs at values ​​less than 12 mm Hg.

THERAPEUTIC AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES
FOR BLEEDING
FROM VARICOSE VEINS OF THE STOMACH

An important role in the complex of conservative measures to stop bleeding from varicose veins of the stomach is played by obturator probes. For rupture of fundic and ectopic varicose veins, a Linton-Nachlas probe is used. In this case, hemostasis is achieved by inflating a single gastric balloon to 600 cm3. The Sengstaken-Blakemore triple lumen probe is used for ruptured esophageal varices or gastroesophageal varices. However, their effect of short-term and permanent hemostasis is observed in less than 50% of cases.

Pharmacotherapy

Unlike esophageal varices, there are few data on the use of vasoactive drugs (analogs of vasopressin, somatostatin, nitroglycerin) in acute bleeding from gastric varices. However, given the similarity of the formation and clinical course, it can be assumed that such treatment can be effective in gastroesophageal varicose veins of the first type. Antibiotic therapy should be carried out as early as possible, because. it has been shown that the addition of a bacterial infection, especially in patients with cirrhosis of the liver, increases the incidence of complications and mortality, and with the use of cephalosporins, the short-term prognosis improves significantly.
The role of non-selective β-blockers and nitrates in the primary prevention of bleeding from gastric varices and their recurrence has not been fully established and requires further evaluation.

Endoscopic treatment

Standard endoscopic sclerotherapy of esophageal varices and gastroesophageal varices of the first type consists in injection of drugs that cause endothelial damage, thrombosis and, subsequently, varicose sclerosis, as directly into the dilated veins (5% solution of ethanolamine oleate, 5% solution of morruate sodium, 1.5-3% solution of tetradecyl sodium sulfate), and paravasally (1% solution of polidocanol (ethoxysclerol)). For the purpose of obliteration of varicose veins of the stomach, as a rule, histoacryl (N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate) is used. The introduction of the drug in small doses through intravaricose injections leads to an instant polymerization reaction. When mixed with blood, it transforms from its natural liquid state into a solid state and blocks the lumen of the vein. This allows in most cases to quickly stop active bleeding from varicose veins of the stomach. Despite the fact that the recurrence rate reaches 40%, this method is more effective than standard endoscopic sclerotherapy and is currently considered not only as a first-line therapy for bleeding from fundic gastric varices, but also as a way to prevent them secondary.
The most common and usually transient side effects of histoacrylic varicose vein obliteration are fever and mild abdominal pain. Severe complications are rare. These include embolism of the pulmonary artery and cerebral vessels, thrombosis of the portal and splenic veins, retroperitoneal abscess, spleen infarction. The likelihood of developing embolism is higher in patients with large gastrorenal shunts and hepatopulmonary syndrome, which is characterized by arterial hypoxemia and intrapulmonary vascular dilatation with the presence of direct arteriovenous anastomoses, which facilitates the entry of the polymerizing substance into the systemic circulation. Therefore, in this category of patients, obliteration of varicose veins with histoacrylic should be refrained from and replaced with sclerotherapy, for example, 5% solution of ethanolamine oleate, combined with vasopressin infusion, or other methods of treatment should be resorted to.
With endoscopic ligation, in contrast to the induction of chemical inflammation and thrombosis caused by the introduction of sclerosing agents, the elastic ring, capturing areas of the mucous and submucosal layers of the stomach in the region of the varicose vein, leads to strangulation and subsequent fibrosis. However, in some cases, deep and extensive ulcers can form in the ligation zone. Considering that the fundic gastric varices are usually large and are directly connected with the significantly dilated left gastric or posterior gastric veins, the volume of blood flow through them is greater than through the esophageal varices. In this regard, in places of the damaged gastric mucosa, bleeding often recurs, reducing the effectiveness of endoscopic ligation, compared with obliteration of varicose veins with histoacrylic, which in this situation is the “gold standard” of treatment.

Methods of interventional radiology

In 1969, J. Rosh et al. put forward the idea of ​​creating an intrahepatic fistula between the branches of the hepatic and portal veins for the treatment of portal hypertension. Currently, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting (TIPS) is widely used clinically. Its main advantage is less invasiveness than with surgical methods of decompression of the portal system.
There are few publications concerning the use of this method in patients with gastric varicose veins. It is indicated that in the absolute majority of them, TIPS is effective both in cases of acute bleeding and when it is used for prophylactic purposes. The frequency of relapses after achieving primary hemostasis is 15-30% within 1 year. The reason for them in the long term, as a rule, is stenosis or occlusion of the shunt as a result of hyperplasia of the intima of the hepatic vein or thrombosis of the endoprosthesis due to low blood flow through it. This complication is observed in at least a third of patients and serves as an indication for re-intervention. A serious problem is post-shunt encephalopathy, which develops in 20-30% of cases and can be difficult to treat.
During the first year after the intervention, mortality varies from 10 to 50%, while the most common cause may be sepsis, multiorgan system dysfunction, and repeated bleeding. The prognosis is worse in patients with cirrhosis of the liver, belonging to the Child-Pugh criteria for class C. However, they are the main candidates for TIPS. Other adverse factors include high levels of serum bilirubin, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, the presence of encephalopathy, and the viral nature of the disease.
The British Society of Gastroenterology has recommended TIPS in patients with cirrhosis of the liver with gastric varices as a second-line treatment for acute bleeding, and for the prevention of their recurrence in case of failure of endoscopic measures. At the same time, further studies of the role of this method are needed, especially when the values ​​of the portohepatic pressure gradient are less than 12 mm Hg. and the presence of large gastrorenal shunts.
The method of balloon-occlusive retrograde transvenous obliteration (BRTO) proposed by H. Kanagawa et al. in 1996 for the treatment of gastric varicose veins, is quite effective and safe and is a good alternative to TIPS. This intervention is technically feasible only in the presence of functioning gastrorenal shunts, which occur in almost 85% of patients with gastric varices. A sclerosant (usually 5% solution of ethanolamine oleate with iopamidol) is injected through an inflatable balloon catheter into the femoral or internal jugular vein, and then into the left adrenal vein through a gastrorenal shunt into the varicose veins of the fundus of the stomach and the veins that feed them . To prevent leakage of the sclerosant into the systemic circulation, small collaterals are embolized with microcoils.
In acute bleeding from varicose veins of the stomach, BRTO is used both independently and in addition to endoscopic methods, increasing their effectiveness. Hemostasis is achieved in almost 100% of patients with no recurrence for three years and a survival rate of up to 70%. BRTO is no less effective in preventing rebleeding from gastric varices.
A potential problem is the development or progression of esophageal varices, which may be associated with an increase in portal pressure after this intervention. Other side effects include hemoglobinuria, abdominal pain, transient fever, pleural effusion, ascites, and transient deterioration of liver biochemistry. Serious complications are rare. These primarily include pulmonary infarction, shock, atrial fibrillation.
Another type of transcatheter embolotherapy is percutaneous endovascular obliteration of gastric varicose veins. It consists in the transport introduction into the left gastric vein of a metal coil or an embolus made of Teflon felt, as a rule, from the transhepatic or transsplenic access, which contributes to the separation of the esophageal-cardiac and portal-splenic vascular territories. The high efficiency of this method in acute bleeding was noted. However, due to the formation of new pathways of collateral blood flow, relapses often occur in the long-term period, which affects the overall mortality. In this regard, it is proposed to combine percutaneous endovascular obliteration of gastric varicose veins with endoscopic sclerotherapy, or with BRTO.
There are separate reports on the achievement of stable hemostasis during bleeding from gastric varices in patients with segmental (left-sided) portal hypertension due to thrombosis of the splenic vein, exclusively by embolization of the splenic artery with the installation of a Gianturco coil, or in combination with laparoscopic splenectomy.
Percutaneous transhepatic portal vein plasty with implantation of a self-expanding metal stent, described in 2001 by K. Yamakado et al., is used in patients with extrahepatic portal hypertension caused by stenosis or occlusion of the portal vein, both benign and malignant. Few publications testify to the effectiveness of this method as a preventive measure for gastric varicose veins.

Surgery

According to Russian authors, in the presence of bleeding from esophageal-gastric varicose veins, the indication for urgent surgical intervention in patients with cirrhosis of the liver, belonging to classes A and B according to the Child-Pugh criteria, as well as with extrahepatic portal hypertension, is the ineffectiveness of conservative and endoscopic methods of hemostasis. In this case, the method of choice is the operation proposed by M. D. Patsiora (1959).
Surgical methods for the prevention of recurrence of variceal bleeding can be conditionally divided into shunting (various types of porto-caval anastomoses) and non-shunting (surgeries that devascularize the esophagus and stomach, as well as other interventions not related to the diversion of portal blood into the system of the inferior vena cava). The latter do not disrupt liver function, however, for the most part, they are accompanied by a high frequency of recurrent bleeding. The most effective of them is the operation described in 1973 by M. Sugiura and S. Futagawa, which is a modification of the method of M. Hassab (1967). It requires both transthoracic and transabdominal access and includes transection and suturing of the esophagus in the lower third, extensive devascularization of the esophagus and stomach from the left inferior pulmonary vein to the upper half of the stomach, splenectomy, selective vagotomy, and pyloroplasty. M. Tomikawa et al. studied the effectiveness of this intervention in 42 patients with gastric varicose veins. In the absence of operational lethality, the five-year survival rate was 76.2%. Persistent eradication of varicose veins was observed in all cases. However, it should be noted that similar unique results were not obtained by other clinics.
Operations associated with decompression of the portal system contribute to reliable prevention of recurrence of variceal bleeding and consist in total, selective or partial shunting of blood from the portal to the inferior vena cava. In the nearly 60 years since A.O. Whipple et al. performed direct porto-caval shunting, questions about its expediency have now been resolved. A significant disadvantage of the intervention is the total diversion of the portal blood flow. Meanwhile, maintaining its constancy, as well as venous hypertension in the intestinal tract, is necessary to maintain normal metabolic processes in the liver. The consequence of this is progressive liver failure, which is accompanied by high postoperative mortality, and the resulting encephalopathy has a more severe course than the initial one. Despite the fact that various original modifications of the operation were proposed, the results of their clinical application in most cases turned out to be unsatisfactory.
W.D. Warren et al. in 1967 described a method that could minimize the complications associated with total shunts. It consists in selective transsplenic decompression of esophageal-gastric varices by creating a distal splenorenal anastomosis. By reducing the pressure in the shunted area of ​​the splenic vein, the operation effectively unloads the gastrosplenal vascular territory. However, more complex hemodynamic changes develop in the hepatoportal zone. Since portal pressure remains elevated, even if its initial values ​​decrease with a decrease in splenic blood flow, it is almost impossible to achieve a long-term separation of the two high and low pressure venous systems by selective shunting. Hypertension in the portomesenteric zone after some time contributes to the formation of a pronounced collateral circulation through the pancreas towards the area of ​​low pressure - the gastrosplenal vascular territory. This leads to a decrease in portal blood flow with a high probability of portal vein thrombosis. The development of the so-called “pancreatic siphon” between the portal and splenic veins worsens the results of the operation, primarily due to the progression of hepatic encephalopathy, the level of which in some cases is similar to total shunting. Scrupulous separation of the collaterals makes it possible to avoid these undesirable consequences.
Partial shunting involves a side-to-side anastomosis through an H-shaped polytetrafluoroethylene prosthesis with a diameter of 8 mm between the portal or superior mesenteric and inferior vena cava. This makes it possible to achieve effective decompression of the portal system while maintaining adequate progradient blood flow. As a result, the risk of developing encephalopathy is significantly reduced, and the number of rebleedings is comparable to total or selective shunting.
At the same time, the role of bypass surgery in patients with gastric varicose veins is currently underestimated, especially in the presence of spontaneous gastrorenal anastomoses. The British Society of Gastroenterology suggests considering them as an alternative to TIPS, i.e. therapeutic measure of the "second line" for the prevention of recurrence of bleeding from varicose veins of the stomach with the ineffectiveness of endoscopic methods of hemostasis.

CONCLUSION

The treatment of patients with bleeding from gastric varicose veins remains an important clinical problem, far from being solved. A number of optimistic techniques have not yet received wide practical application. Thus, most of the methods of interventional radiology described are distributed mainly in Japan. At the world consensus conference in Baveno (Italy, 2005), dedicated to the methodology of diagnosis and therapy of portal hypertension, the following concept was defined on this issue. For the treatment of acute bleeding and prevention of their recurrence, obliteration of gastric varicose veins with histoacrylate (N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate) is recommended. In addition, for the purpose of secondary prevention of bleeding from gastric varicose veins, non-selective β-blockers can be used, in patients with gastroesophageal varicose veins of the second type and isolated gastric varicose veins of the first type, TIPS was performed, and gastroesophageal varicose veins of the first type - endoscopic ligation. It was noted that further randomized controlled trials of each of the proposed methods are required to determine the optimal tactics for managing patients with gastric varices.

Phlebectasia or varicose veins of the stomach is a disease of a dangerous category, which is manifested by an increase in the volume of the gastric veins and the occurrence of blood clots in them. Pathology is insidious due to the asymptomatic course of the initial stage. The disease is quite serious, so it needs urgent treatment.

What is stomach varicose veins?

Dilation of the veins of the mucous tissues of the stomach is not as common as varicose veins in the legs. The difference between pathologies lies in the causes of their occurrence and progression. Often, increased pressure of the portal vein is the result of cirrhosis of the liver, although sometimes it is the result of genetic pathologies or compression of the portal vein by a large tumor.

In the stomach, varicose veins are divided into 4 stages of development:

1. Symptoms do not appear, the expansion of the lumen of the vessels is single, so the patient has no complaints. Only endoscopy can reveal this degree.
2. The structures of the veins acquire a tortuous and uneven shape. In this case, the increase does not exceed 3 mm, and the narrowing of the gaps occurs at small intervals. Bleeding at this stage is rare. An x-ray or endoscopy can detect the pathology.
3. There is a noticeable narrowing of the lumen of the veins, their swelling. The stage is characterized by the presence of nodes, narrowing of the tone of the walls. The main signs are already appearing, only their timely recognition is necessary, since the threat of hemorrhage at this stage increases significantly. Transferring therapy is prohibited.
4. The nodes are noticeably manifested, the gaps narrow, the gastric mucosa is thoroughly depleted. The divergence of a whole thread of damaged vessels from a large node is likely. Vessels are thinned to such an extent that the opening of a hemorrhage is likely at any time. If this happens, the patient is in danger.

It is important to highlight that the development of gastric varicose veins requires a significant period, for this reason, short-term compression of the veins by the neoplasm is not capable of provoking the occurrence of characteristic changes.

The disease is of the following types:

• acquired - appears in the case of an increase in pressure indicators in the portal vein. This vessel carries out the function of delivering blood to the liver. Difficulties are created by a failure in the movement of blood through this organ. Pathology makes the veins soft, brittle, with every chance of bursting at any moment;
• inherited - the disease is determined from birth. As a rule, the complex course of the period of bearing a child can be associated with a genetic predisposition.

Congenital varicose veins of the gastric veins are rare. Most often, doctors diagnose an acquired type of disease. Basically, the pathology affects patients over 50 years of age.

Varicose veins of the stomach causes development

• liver diseases that cause disruptions in the movement of blood;
• thrombus formation;
• compression of the portal vein by neoplasms;
• cardiovascular failure.

With special attention to the diagnosis of varicose veins in the stomach, it is necessary to approach patients affected by cirrhosis of the liver and hepatitis. This is due to the greater vulnerability of the organs and can end badly.

If you want to improve the condition of your hair, you should pay special attention to the shampoos you use.

A frightening figure - in 97% of shampoos of famous brands there are substances that poison our body. The main components, because of which all the troubles on the labels are indicated as sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, coco sulfate. These chemicals destroy the structure of the curls, the hair becomes brittle, loses elasticity and strength, and the color fades. But the worst thing is that this muck gets into the liver, heart, lungs, accumulates in the organs and can cause cancer.

We advise you to refrain from using products containing these substances. Recently, the experts of our editorial staff conducted an analysis of sulfate-free shampoos, where the first place was taken by funds from the company Mulsan Сosmetic. The only manufacturer of completely natural cosmetics. All products are manufactured under strict quality control and certification systems.

Symptoms of the disease and diagnosis

In the early stages, phlebectasia is asymptomatic, which creates difficulties in determining the disease. Over time, the patient has the following signs of manifestation of pathology:

• Heaviness and discomfort in the chest area.
• An increase in the volume of the abdomen caused by the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity.
• In the anterior lobe of the abdominal wall, the outline of the "head of a jellyfish" is likely - a pattern created by dilated veins.
• Difficulty breathing after physical activity.
• Increased heartburn not associated with eating.
• Failure of the swallowing reflex.

It is good when a person pays attention to these symptoms and consults a doctor. Diagnosis of the disease, due to the listed signs, will make it possible to carry out operational measures aimed at treating phlebectasia. However, visits to the doctor at this stage are rare. Usually, varicose veins of the gastric veins appear during rupture of blood vessels. At the beginning of the hemorrhage, the pathology picture acquires the following signs:

• vomiting, accompanied by bloody discharge (indicates the discovery of a hemorrhage in the stomach);
• drop in blood pressure;
• increased heart rate rhythms with failures;
• stomach ache;
• shock state.

Hemorrhage may occur small, although it is often manifested abundantly. It is urgent to start therapy due to the fact that the pathology can worsen or end in the death of the patient.

Diagnosis of phlebectasia is carried out through endoscopy, as well as studies to detect coagulopathy. Varicose veins are detected by x-ray examination of the upper digestive system with the introduction of contrast and angiography.

Preference is given to endoscopy - it provides identification of veins affected by varicose veins, their volume and establish hemorrhage in them. In patients with liver cirrhosis and phlebectasia, in 40% of cases they do not act as a source of hemorrhage. In such situations, bleeding is provoked by erosion and bleeding of the gastric mucosa tissues.

Endoscopy allows you to identify nodes with an increased risk of bleeding, even in the case of the confirmed presence of varicose veins. Due to the fact that the pathology occurs due to cirrhosis of the liver, it is necessary to find out the probable failures in blood clotting. Laboratory tests include blood tests taking into account the number of platelets, a characteristic of the liver.

Treatment of pathology

Since varicose veins of the stomach are not considered to be a spontaneously occurring disease, its therapy is not carried out. The use of certain medications makes it possible to reduce portal hypertension, so they are used in a complex, exclusively as prescribed by the doctor.

If it is possible to eliminate the cause of hypertension, appropriate treatment or surgery is carried out, in the majority of cases the only way to cure is liver transplantation.

Medical treatment is carried out using the following means:

1. Vasopressin - normalizes the state of constricted veins.
2. Nitrates included in Nitroglycerin due to a decrease in pressure in the portal vein.
3. Somatostatin or Okreotide - reduce the blood pressure of the internal organs.

Help is provided at the onset of a hemorrhage, for which a Blackmore probe is inserted into the alimentary tract, whereby vein compression is performed and bleeding stops. At the same time, treatment is performed to increase blood clotting.

Phlebectasia becomes a severe exacerbation of portal hypertension due to the fact that at one stage or another it provokes the formation of gastrointestinal hemorrhage, accompanied by the loss of a large volume of blood and threatening life.

The manifestation of attention to your health consists in observing simple principles. Such recommendations will actually help in maintaining the work of the gastrointestinal tract at the required level and prevent the development of exacerbations.

Causes and treatment of varicose veins in the stomach

Varicose veins of the stomach are less common than similar pathologies in other organs. The disease requires specialized care - in order to prevent the rapid development of complications and save the patient's life.

What is stomach varicose veins

Phlebectasia is characterized by an increase in the volume of the venous vessels of the organ and the formation of blood clots in them. The initial stages of the development of the disease do not have symptomatic manifestations, which increases its danger. There are certain causes of the pathological process - from genetic abnormalities to cirrhosis of the liver.

Features of the disease

Experts divide the disease into four successive stages of progression:

1. The clinical picture does not have pronounced symptomatic manifestations, changes in the lumen of blood vessels are single. Patients do not complain about the deterioration of the condition, the problem is diagnosed with the help of endoscopy.
2. Differs in tortuosity and unevenness of veins. General indicators of increase do not exceed 3 mm, narrowing occurs for short periods of time. In cases of exclusion, spontaneous bleeding may occur.
3. It is characterized by a noticeable decrease in vascular lumens, their swelling. When diagnosing, nodes and a decrease in the tone of the walls are detected. Symptomatic manifestations are present, the likelihood of bleeding increases.
4. It is determined by a significant depletion of the mucous membranes of the stomach, a pronounced narrowing of the lumens and prominent nodes. Damaged small veins diverge from a large node - their condition can provoke bleeding at any time.

The formation of varicose veins takes considerable periods of time - periodic compression gradually leads to the appearance of characteristic changes.

Secondary division reports on the factors of its formation:

• acquired variant - occurs with increased pressure in the portal vessel responsible for the supply of blood to the liver, as the pathology increases, the veins become soft, increased fragility, a violation of their integrity can occur at any second;
• hereditary - a pathological process is detected from the moment of birth, can be formed as a genetic predisposition or aggravated pregnancy;
• congenital - refers to rare formations.

In most cases, the acquired version of varicose lesions of the venous vessels of the stomach is diagnosed.

Causes

The main source of the pathological condition is the portal form of hypertension, which provokes an increase in veins in the digestive organ. Sometimes the problem is formed against the background of cirrhosis of the liver - as a consequence of the multiplicity of scars. Less common causes of the disease include:

• pathologies of the liver, causing disturbances in the circulation of blood flow;
• the formation of blood clots in the venous vessels;
• squeezing of the portal vein by a tumor-like process;
• insufficient performance of the cardiovascular department.

In the case of hepatitis and cirrhosis of the liver in the anamnestic data, it is necessary to visit the gastroenterologist more often for preventive examinations - to capture the disease at the initial stages of occurrence. The stomach under the negative influence of these factors becomes vulnerable and easily exposed to the disease.

Who is at risk

The average data indicate that the majority of cases belong to certain subgroups:

• gender - the male sex is more likely to suffer from varicose veins of the stomach;
• age period - the problem is diagnosed after the 50th anniversary;
• concomitant diseases - in the presence of ailments of the liver, pancreas, heart muscle and liver.

Patients with cirrhosis stand out in particular - according to clinical studies, only one person in ten is not sick.

Clinical picture of gastric varicose veins

The initial stages of phlebectasia do not have obvious symptomatic manifestations, which makes it difficult to correctly determine the diagnosis. The gradual progression of the disease gives rise to clear clinical signs:

• feeling of discomfort and heaviness in the area of ​​the thoracic region;
• an increase in the volume of the abdominal cavity - due to the fluid accumulating in it;
• dilated venous vessels lead to the formation of a jellyfish head - a symptom characterized by the creation of a pattern from enlarged veins;
• problems with free breathing after physical or motor activity;
• spontaneous heartburn, not dependent on food intake;
• swallowing problems.

At this stage of formation, rare patients pay attention to the problem and seek a consultation with a gastroenterologist. Most patients come after a rupture of thinned blood vessels. The reason for the visit is the growing clinical picture:

• vomiting interspersed with blood particles;
• decrease in blood pressure;
• accelerated heartbeat with disturbed rhythm of contractions;
• pain in the epigastric region and other parts of the abdomen;
• state of shock.

Violation of the integrity of the vessels can cause both minor hemorrhage and massive. The patient needs emergency surgical care - in case of inaction, the disease will turn into a fatal outcome.

Diagnostic measures

When contacting the clinic, the patient is referred for a consultation with a gastroenterologist. The doctor collects an anamnesis: the time of occurrence of negative manifestations, the patient's personal feelings, existing diseases. Visual examination with palpation examination allows you to make a preliminary diagnosis.

For confirmation, the patient is sent for separate laboratory and instrumental examinations:

• all options for blood tests - to identify hidden inflammatory processes and other abnormalities;
• study of indicators of blood coagulability;
• Ultrasound - the technique allows you to determine the altered blood vessels;
• fibroesophagoscopy - with the help of the apparatus, the stomach, the condition of the mucous membranes are thoroughly examined, places of violation of the integrity of the vessels are revealed.

If concomitant diseases are detected, the patient is sent for additional diagnostics in order to identify the causes of their formation.

Modern methods of treatment

Varicose lesions of the gastric veins do not belong to independent diseases and do not require specific therapy. Portal hypertension, as one of the causes of the development of the pathological process, is stopped with the help of certain medications that are recommended by the attending physician.

If there are prerequisites for its elimination, conservative therapy or surgical intervention may be prescribed. Most cases of gastric varicose veins require a donor liver transplant.

Medicinal direction - includes the following subgroups of drugs:

• vasodilators - to increase the lumen of blood vessels;
• hypertensive - to stabilize the level of blood pressure;
• nitrates - to improve the functionality of the portal vein, lowering pressure.

In addition to these drugs, colloidal solutions, multivitamin complexes, antacids and astringents are widely used.

Surgical direction - It is carried out using three main methods:

1. Ligation of problematic veins - during the manipulation, a specialized rubber bandage is used. The technique is considered highly effective.
2. Shunting of the intrahepatic departments - is prescribed to reduce blood pressure. The main goal of the technique is to create a connection between the portal and hepatic vessels.
3. Splenorenal shunting - involves the union of the veins of the left kidney and spleen with a shunt. Produced for prophylactic purposes - to prevent spontaneous bleeding.

Dietary - is included in the mandatory comprehensive program for the treatment of varicose lesions of the gastric vessels. The dietary requirements are as follows:

• frequent meals in small volumes - up to 6 times a day;
• last dinner - no less than three hours before a night's rest;
• enrichment of the daily menu with products with a sufficient content of useful elements;
• a sufficient amount of incoming volumes of liquid - up to two and a half liters;
• a ban on alcoholic, low-alcohol products, tea, coffee, sweets, seasonings and spices, pastries.

Dishes are served warm. Allows you to cook by boiling, stewing, baking or steaming.

Folk remedies

Home recipes do not have a pronounced effect on varicose veins - most cases require surgical intervention. The use of folk methods is agreed with the attending physician. Commonly used medicines by traditional healers include:

• a large spoonful of Japanese sophora is brewed in a glass of boiling water, consumed four times a day, the total course of treatment should not exceed two months;
• rose hips and red ashberries are taken in equal volumes - a large spoonful, poured with half a liter of liquid, boiled for five minutes, cooled and consumed in half a glass during the day.

Possible complications of pathology

The problematic complications of varicose veins in the stomach include spontaneous bleeding. They can arise from any reason - a thinned mucosa cannot create a full-fledged barrier.

The level of bleeding, the frequency of occurrence affect the final condition of the patient. In pathology, patients experience constant vomiting and a chronic lack of iron ions.

Prevention measures

To prevent the onset of the disease, it is necessary to follow the recommendations of doctors:

• monitor liver health;
• comply with all instructions of specialists;
• stabilize the level of blood pressure;
• avoid excessive addiction to alcohol, nicotine and drugs;
• switch to a healthy diet;
• carry out vitamin therapy;
• reduce the amount of lifting heavy objects.

To maintain the functionality of the gastrointestinal tract, you must adhere to the above tips.

Prognosis of varicose veins of the stomach and lower esophagus

The pathological process is characterized by a high level of mortality due to complications and concomitant diseases. Progressive cirrhosis can cause complicated bleeding.

The probability of recurrence of the disease varies between 55-75%. The mortality rate in the absence of emergency care is in the range of 50%.

The defeat of the gastric veins is a long process. In the initial phases of the disease, it can be stopped by protecting the body from spontaneous ruptures of blood vessels. The degree of damage to the vein wall is a predetermining factor for making a probable prognosis.

Varicose veins of the stomach - causes and methods of treatment

The venous system is located in all parts of the human body, including the internal organs, where varicose veins can also develop. One of the most dangerous types of pathology is varicose veins of the stomach. Remaining virtually unnoticed until its advanced stages, the disease has internal bleeding as its most common complication, with a high mortality rate of 45%.

Causes

The main reason for the expansion of veins in the tissues of the stomach and lower esophagus is the development of portal hypertension. Due to severe liver pathologies (hepatitis, cirrhosis, vascular anomalies), increased pressure occurs in the portal vein system. As a result, in an effort to lower it, the blood flow is redirected to the vessels of the stomach and esophagus. The veins of these organs are not designed to pump large volumes of blood, so their walls gradually become thinner and lose their elasticity - varicose veins develop.

In addition, the reasons for the development of VRV (varicose veins) of the esophagus and stomach can be:

Among the factors provoking the disease include:

• cardiovascular insufficiency;
• oncological pathologies;
• hereditary predisposition.

Any disturbances in the functioning of the digestive organs can lead to deformation and expansion of the internal veins.

Symptoms and signs of the disease

In the initial stages, the disease may not manifest itself in any way, with the exception of heartburn or belching. Later, in the absence of adequate therapeutic measures, the signs of VRV of the esophagus and stomach will progress. Appear:

• discomfort in the chest area;
• difficulty swallowing;
• deterioration in general health: weakness and chronic fatigue;
• the appearance of blood impurities in the stool.

In the later stages of the pathology, more severe symptoms are observed:

• frequent urge to vomit;
• the presence of blood and mucus in the vomit;
• failures in the work of the heart, accompanied by tachycardia;
• the appearance of pain in the stomach and abdomen.

Varicose veins in the stomach may be accompanied by bloody vomiting - at this moment the patient needs urgent medical care.

How the disease is diagnosed

Depending on the severity of the symptoms, varicose veins of the stomach and esophagus are divided into several stages, the initial degrees of which can only be detected using hardware diagnostics:

• Stage 1 - there are no signs of the disease, and ectasias (expansion) of the veins are observed in separate areas. In this case, the diagnosis is possible only by endoscopic method;
• Stage 2 - characterized by the absence of severe symptoms, however, with the help of endoscopy or x-rays, tortuous and unevenly swollen vessels can be detected. The swelling does not exceed 3-5 mm, and the narrowing is insignificant. At this stage, bleeding is rare;
• Stage 3 - signs of the disease: a strong swelling of the veins (up to 10 mm) is combined with a significant narrowing of their lumen, while knots and weaves are determined. The chance of bleeding is increased;
• Stage 4 - in parallel with the severity of protruding vessels and nodes, the venous walls become thinner, as well as the gastric mucosa. The risk of damage to them with any minimum effort increases many times over.

When diagnosing a disease, the following types of studies are used:

• Ultrasound of the abdominal organs;
• Blood, urine, stool tests;
• Esophagogastroscopy - examination of the esophagus and stomach with an endoscope;
• X-ray examination in combination with contrast (barium sulfate) to assess the conductivity of the alimentary tract.

According to individual indications, the doctor may prescribe functional and hepatic examinations (to determine

Treatment methods

The method of drug therapy or surgical intervention depends entirely on the stage of the disease, the general health of the patient and his individual indicators.

Medicines

Conservative treatment can be effective only in the early stages of pathology or as a supportive technique in the rehabilitation period after surgery. The use of drugs allows you to stabilize the patient's condition, slow down and stop the development of varicose veins, and avoid pathological consequences.

Varicose veins of the stomach are treated with the following medications:

• Vasopressin - causes contraction of the arterioles of the internal organs, which leads to a decrease in portal blood flow and a decrease in pressure in the portal vein. It is administered intravenously. With a fairly high efficiency (up to 55%) of the drug, its use causes a number of serious side effects in 20-30% of cases: ischemia, heart rhythm disturbance, hypertension;
• Nitrates - are used to reduce the side effects of Vasopressin in relation to peripheral vessels. Their action has a dilating effect on the portal-systemic collaterals (connections), resulting in a decrease in pressure in the portal vein. Applied in the form of a patch and reception under the tongue;
• Somatostatin - reduces portal blood flow and portal pressure by increasing resistance in the arteries of the internal organs. In terms of effectiveness, it is not inferior to Vasopressin, but the risk of side effects is reduced by almost half. Its use is possible for a long period, while nausea, abdominal pain, impaired glucose tolerance can be observed.

Astringents, colloidal solutions, vitamins, antacids may be prescribed.

Self-treatment of pathology is unacceptable - only the correct diagnosis and medical recommendations can slow down the progression of the disease.

Surgical intervention

The development of the disease and the increase in symptoms may serve as a basis for surgical intervention - only in this case, the chances of preventing bleeding are greatly increased.

The following types of surgical treatment are used:

1. Sclerotherapy: the introduction of a sclerosant drug into the affected veins, causing them to stick together and redirect venous blood flow in a different direction. The method is used not only to prevent, but also to stop bleeding with a positive result of 90%. The method requires repetition, the multiplicity of which is determined individually;
2. Ligation of dilated veins: performed using a special rubber bandage and is a more effective technique;
3. Shunting in intrahepatic tissues: a stent (a special design for expansion) is inserted into the liver, connecting the portal and hepatic veins;
4. Anastomosis: creating a message between the portal system and the vena cava system;
5. Sheathing of the affected arteries and vessels;
6. Devascularization: complete removal of the affected veins with their replacement with a prosthesis.

Surgical methods are resorted to with the ineffectiveness of conservative treatment and the growing threat of bleeding. The choice of method depends on the severity of the patient's condition.

Folk remedies

Varicose veins of the stomach, like other forms of pathology, cannot be completely cured, however, the use of a complex of drugs can effectively resist the development of the disease. Among such methods, the use of drugs according to folk recipes can alleviate the patient's condition:

• Fruits of mountain ash and wild rose. Take 1 tbsp. l. berries, pour 0.5 liters of water, bring to a boil, insist and drink during the day in portions of 100 ml;
• Leaves of verbena officinalis. 2 tbsp. l. crushed leaves pour 200 ml of water, boil for 10 minutes, insist and take 1 tbsp. l. three times a day;
• Decoction of hazel bark. The crushed raw materials (15 g) are poured into 500 ml of water, boiled for 10 minutes, insisted and taken shortly before meals, 100 ml 4 times a day.

Self-medication in the diagnosis of pathology is unacceptable, the risk of severe complications is too high. Even folk remedies should be taken only under the supervision and with the consent of a doctor.

Prevention

The complex of effective measures for varicose veins also includes preventive measures - after all, the patient must necessarily prevent the progression of the disease. To this end, it is recommended:

Rational nutrition is of great importance for the prevention of any disease. With varicose veins of the stomach, the following principles should be followed:

1. Eat fractionally - 6 times a day in small portions;
2. The last meal - no later than 3 hours before bedtime;
3. Saturate the diet with vegetables and fruits (citrus fruits, currants, sweet peppers, cherries and cherries, potatoes), vegetable oils, nuts, herbs, legumes;
4. Eliminate alcohol, coffee and strong tea, flour products, sweets, hot spices, spices, carcinogens;
5. Prepare foods with gentle processing methods: boiling, baking, stewing.

• Juice fast: drinking juices or fresh fruits (vegetables) for 7-8 days. Preparation and exit from fasting are carried out only on the recommendation of a nutritionist and phlebologist;
• "Colorful" diet: when eating vegetables and fruits of different colors, the body is saturated with various sets of vitamins and minerals. Blue - eggplant; yellow - bananas, apples; red - tomatoes, berries; green - cucumbers, peas; orange - citrus fruits, pumpkin.

Possible complications and consequences

Varicose veins in the stomach do not occur suddenly. Advanced forms of the disease are fraught with serious consequences for the body up to death. Possible complications may include:

• tachycardia;
• ascites (abdominal dropsy);
• increase in pressure.

If there are signs of discomfort in the esophagus and sternum, the frequent presence of heartburn, you should undergo an examination to find out their causes. And in the case of diagnosing varicose veins in the stomach, make every effort to prevent the progression of the disease, while not forgetting about prevention and proper nutrition.

One of the diseases of the stomach and lower esophagus, caused by impaired blood circulation in these organs, is varicose veins of the stomach. It is promoted by the defeat of the collar and superior vena cava, going to the organs of the digestive tract. The reasons for this process are varied, but they all disrupt the blood flow, thereby changing the structure of the vessels. The disease is considered incurable, but with timely medical care, it is possible to avoid a fatal outcome.

Varicose veins of the stomach are dangerous pathologies that entail irreversible processes in the human body. However, diagnosing the disease in the early stages allows you to effectively deal with it.

The development of the pathological process is dangerous because it leads to a structural change in the veins of the stomach and esophagus. As a result of their expansion, elongation or the formation of knotty loops, outgrowths appear - blood clots, partially or completely blocking the lumen of the vessel.

In medical practice, there are several classifications of diseases of the esophagus and stomach, regarding the degree of damage to the veins.

1. Grade 1. The veins are approximately 5 mm in diameter, and the vessels themselves are elongated and have an elongated appearance. Their place of localization is the lower part of the body.
2. Grade 2. The diameter of the veins is 10 mm. The vessels meander, while located in the middle part of the esophagus.
3. Grade 3. The walls of the vessels become thinner, while the veins themselves are tense and located close to each other. Their diameter is more than 11 mm. During instrumental examination, specific red dots can be found on their surface.

When classifying the degrees of damage to the stomach, the basis is the diameter of the affected veins, as well as the nature of their detection against the background of the mucosa. So, with a slight lesion (first degree), the veins are poorly distinguishable, while with a aggravated course of the disease (third degree), the vessels can be mixed into nodes and acquire a polypoid character.

The absence of symptoms at the initial stage complicates the treatment of the disease. Late treatment of the patient for medical help leads to the development of serious damage to internal organs, heavy bleeding, in the worst case, death of the patient.

Pathology can be congenital or acquired. In most cases, it develops under the influence of external and internal adverse factors in men over 45 years of age.

Varicose veins of the stomach and lower esophagus are often caused by the development of a specific pathology in humans - portal hypertension. It is characterized by increased pressure in the region of the collar vein. In turn, the development of this process can be influenced by various factors, both internal and external.

Normal pressure of the collar vein is less than 6 mm Hg. Art. With a sharp increase in this indicator, blood flow is disturbed, and the vessels begin to change: expand, lengthen and intertwine into knots. In this case, there is a high risk of internal bleeding.

It is believed that the causes of gastric varicose veins are often caused by serious liver pathologies, such as cirrhosis. Violation of its blood circulation and damage to the hepatic veins can lead to significant difficulties in the outflow of blood from the organ to the stomach and esophagus.

In addition to cirrhosis, other factors, such as diseases of the internal organs, can affect the development of the disease.

• fibrosis;
• tuberculosis;
• polycystic;
• gastroenteritis;
• malignant tumors;
• hepatitis;
• arterial aneurysms of the liver or spleen, etc.

Violation of blood circulation in the veins of the stomach is also possible for some reason of a different nature.

• heart failure;
• vascular diseases leading to thrombosis;
• high blood pressure;
• long-term use of potent drugs;
• unhealthy lifestyle (abuse of bad habits, malnutrition, stress);
• hereditary predisposition.

Given the asymptomatic nature of the course of the disease in the initial stages, it is important to consult a doctor at the first detection of suspicious symptoms. This is especially true for people who are diagnosed with the above pathologies of internal organs. Treatment of varicose veins of the stomach is aimed at eliminating the root cause of the disease, as well as restoring blood flow in the vessels. For this, complex treatment is used using medical, surgical and other methods.

Due to the development of varicose veins in the stomach, the patient may not experience any discomfort. At the initial stage, heartburn may appear, which many do not pay due attention to. But it is she who often signals the occurrence of varicose veins of the stomach. The patient is in no hurry to see a doctor, which leads to the progression of the disease.

• belching;
• difficulty in swallowing food;
• discomfort in the chest;
• general malaise;
• stools with an admixture of blood.

1. Periodic vomiting characterized by the presence of blood and mucus.
2. Failures in the work of the heart, as a result of which there is a violation of the rhythm (acceleration of the heartbeat).
3. Severe pain in the abdomen and stomach.

The acute form of the pathology provokes the development of internal bleeding and hematemesis. Such symptoms pose a serious danger to human health and life.

1. Ascites.
2. Tachycardia.
3. Severe hypotension.
4. hypovolemic shock.

The last complication is characterized by a sudden reduction in the volume of circulating blood, resulting in death.

Given the serious danger of varicose veins of the stomach, treatment should be prompt and competently carried out. To do this, a person should carefully monitor their health and at the first sign of illness, do not postpone visiting a doctor.

A dangerous and widespread disease, varicose veins affects any part of the circulatory system. Localization in the area of ​​internal organs is one of the variants of manifestation.

If a person has noticed digestive disorders in himself, can varicose veins of the stomach be their cause? Such a possibility exists, unfortunately. The doctor will make the correct diagnosis, but the time for diagnosis will be significantly reduced if the symptoms are clearly described.

Sometimes it’s better to play it safe, check if there are signs of this disease, since you still have to take tests anyway. Many people consider the methods of examination of the gastrointestinal tract unpleasant, they do not seek to undergo them once again. Knowing the main signs, finding them in yourself, you can save time, nerves, money, take an interest, ask a doctor, how be in this situation.

What is varicose veins? This term is familiar to almost everyone today. This disease is associated with severe psychological discomfort. Its manifestations spoil the appearance, change habits, preferences in clothing, style, limit self-expression, cause physical discomfort in the future.

Varicose veins of the stomach are pathological changes in blood vessels, their increase, the appearance of nodes, loops, the formation of blood clots in this internal organ. The blood supply worsens, respectively, the condition of the tissues worsens. The process of digestion is also disturbed at the same time.

In the initial stages, there are practically no symptoms. Therefore, the diagnosis is usually made in the later stages. The first sign is heartburn or belching. But they don't pay attention to her. Then, when heartburn or belching often worries, you should listen to yourself, your state of health.

It might be time to see a doctor. Functional disorders that appeared in connection with the circumstances are situational, characterized by transience, pathological - by stability. With the deformation of blood vessels, doctors do not always associate heartburn, belching, they look for reasons elsewhere. And yet, there is a possibility that this is varicose veins of the stomach.

Later symptoms include bleeding. You can notice it by changes in the color of the feces - it is almost black if it contains blood. The urge to vomit begins to disturb. They cannot be eliminated by changing the nutrition system, eating foods that normalize digestion.

Vomiting becomes a constant need. The vomit contains a large amount of pink mucus. Sometimes it contains blood clots. In the abdominal cavity, pain becomes noticeable. The cardiovascular system begins to work worse. A person notices that something is wrong with his pressure, heart rate.

Who is at risk

This disease, according to statistics, is more common in men. What explains such statistics, scientists do not know exactly. Perhaps the anatomical and physiological characteristics of the sex. A woman must bear a child, and pregnancy due to upright posture can slightly affect the abdominal organs. The woman's body is more resistant to deformations of different tissues in this area. The natural mechanisms of self-regulation also protect the blood vessels of the stomach from stretching. This is probably the reason.

Varicose veins are classified as genetically determined diseases. Among the reasons for the development of pathology are the systematic use of alcohol in large quantities, unbalanced nutrition, frequent consumption of foods high in cholesterol, the use of drugs in large quantities, weight lifting, chronic diseases of the digestive system.

After age 50, the risk of developing pathology increases. There is a relationship between its appearance and general health. In particular, people suffering from chronic diseases of the liver, pancreas, heart or stomach are at risk. There is a high chance that this problem will also occur. Portal hypertension is a critical factor.

Diagnosis of the disease

What tests are needed to make a diagnosis? Suspicions only inspire anxiety, anxiety, become an additional burden on the nervous and cardiovascular systems. Is it possible to get rid of them? Modern equipment will help to obtain comprehensive information.

The following tests are usually given:

• esophagogastroscopy;
• radiography with contrast;
• Ultrasound of the abdominal organs;
• general blood analysis;
• an extended blood test aimed at detecting coagulopathy;
• liver function tests.

Pathological deformation of the veins of the stomach is often combined with changes in the veins of the esophagus. But varicose veins in other organs appear for a reason. If it is found in the stomach of a person, this does not mean that it should be expected to appear in the esophagus. The lesion is a weak point, a gap in the shell of health. Therefore, the spread of deformations throughout the body is extremely rare.

The disease does not pose a threat to life. However, it reduces its duration, affects its quality. Severe bleeding, which is highly likely if the problem is not treated, will stop on its own. Doctors only help to avoid complications and prescribe those drugs that suit the patient as much as possible, taking into account the clinical picture and individual characteristics. Varicose veins of the stomach and the disorders that made its development possible in the later stages cause discomfort and prevent a person from living a full life.

Modern methods of treatment

The effectiveness of modern methods of treatment has been proven, tested, although a lot of work is still ahead. Even if we are talking about a genetic predisposition, conditionality, it is possible to control the state of health. Surgery is a radical method. It is relevant only when classical therapy does not give results.

Endoscopic ligation is a minimally invasive method that gives good results. In some cases, gastric vein bypass surgery is relevant. Sclerotherapy helps eliminate deformities. Stage of development, individual characteristics, clinical picture determines the best treatment option. The risk of relapse always remains. It takes a long time to treat this pathology, you need patience and perseverance, as well as optimism. Only in this case, you can count on recovery.

Diet is part of therapy

The diet is always prescribed. It is necessary to comply with it. The condition of the heart, blood vessels, blood and endocrine glands involved in the process of digestion will improve if the nutrients necessary for their normal functioning come with the products.

Be sure to reduce portions of food consumed - the walls of the stomach should not stretch much. This contributes to the deformation of the veins. It is better to eat more often, but little by little. It is advisable to divide the daily ration into 5-6 receptions and start the meal at the same time. The load in this case will decrease, become predictable, uniform.

Dishes rich in bad cholesterol should be excluded from the diet, steamed, baked, boiled. Fried food is its main source. Its use should be kept to a minimum. It is advisable to abandon it once and for all. Smoked meats, pickled, spicy, sour foods should also be excluded. Hot and cold food, drinks are bad for digestion. The optimum temperature is 37-45 degrees. Dinner is worth 3-4 hours before bedtime.

Alternative Medicine Methods

Treatment with folk remedies is aimed at the gradual harmonization of all functions in the body, strengthening the heart, circulatory and digestive systems. It is necessary to normalize physical activity - walk more, go jogging, swimming. But activity above normal is contraindicated.

What is normal activity? What are the criteria for determining the optimal voltage level? The desire to move less often appears in a person suffering from varicose veins of the stomach. This negative trend should be controlled by willpower, consciously, rationalized, and a bad mood should be distinguished from apathy, despondency, fatigue from the onset of symptoms. Bad health is unacceptable. And yet, after the first, second, third run, for example, you can feel a breakdown, and not a surge of vivacity. It should be taken responsibly to increase muscle tone.

Violations of pressure adversely affect the state of the heart muscle. Blood clots often appear with this disease, which is a sign of a deterioration in the state of the cardiovascular system as a whole. With a minimum of effort, but regularly, systematically, you can get a good result.

The less a person moves, the less useful substances, oxygen enters cells and tissues. Blood circulation, metabolic processes slow down. Toxins also cease to be excreted in the right amount, in a timely manner. A lot of energy the body will spend on fighting these negative tendencies. The goal is to direct energy in a constructive, constructive direction, to strengthen the body, regenerate, recover, and reduce the likelihood of a worsening situation.

It has long been known that cold douches, contrast showers help improve the condition of the circulatory system. Such procedures normalize blood pressure, contribute to the harmonious distribution of blood. This is a positive stress for the autonomic nervous system, which controls the contraction of the walls of blood vessels.

Used for treatment and medicinal plants. You have to drink their decoctions. Chamomile flowers, verbina leaves, hop cones, sage are used. They act delicately, do not contradict traditional therapy.

Some more news:

Causes of esophageal varicose veins

Varicose veins of the esophagus can be acquired or be a congenital pathology. The acquired form appears more often and develops against the background of portal hypertension. The condition is characterized by excess pressure in the portal vein, which is responsible for blood circulation from the organs to the liver. Portal hypertension provokes thinning of the venous walls with an increased risk of opening internal bleeding. The direct cause of the development of the disease is the blockage of the blood supply.

The provoking factors for the appearance of varix are:

Stable hypertension can cause destruction of the vascular structure in the esophagus.

• liver pathology - cirrhosis, hepatitis, tuberculosis, etc.;
• vascular thrombosis;
• consistently high blood pressure;
• thrombophlebitis (Chiari syndrome);
• compression of the portal vein by tumor or cystic formations, enlarged lymph nodes, gallstones.

Upper varicose veins of the esophagus are provoked by such reasons:

• malignant goiter;
• benign tumor (angioma);
• vascular problems in Rendu-Osler syndrome.

Less commonly, esophageal varicose veins develop against a background of chronically impaired blood circulation due to cardiovascular insufficiency. Most often, pathology occurs in men aged 50 years and older.. The causes of the congenital form have not been elucidated.

Symptoms

Pathology in most cases proceeds without visible symptoms. The first clear signs appear when bleeding from the esophagus opens. When the blood flow is obstructed, the veins begin to unbalancedly expand in the form of nodules, lengthen, and become tortuosity. Due to the thinning of the walls, they rupture, which leads to esophageal bleeding.

Sometimes signs of venous expansion of the esophagus develop rapidly, like the pathology itself, but more often the disease proceeds very slowly, not manifesting itself for many years.

Initial symptoms and harbingers of bleeding are:

• indistinct pain and heaviness in the chest;
• severe heartburn with frequent belching;
• difficulty swallowing dry food.

Varicose veins in the esophagus are accompanied by the release of blood to the outside, dizziness, weakness.

Symptoms are associated with dysfunction of the esophagus, slight narrowing of the lumen, acid reflux from the stomach.

The main manifestation of varix is ​​acute bleeding, in which the following symptoms are observed:

• bloody vomiting of dark red color;
• liquefaction of tarry stools;
• increasing pallor of the skin, when the blood flows without stopping;
• dizziness;
• malaise and weakness.

Chronic blood loss develops if the enlarged section of the vein bleeds constantly. The condition is characterized by the following symptoms:

• symptoms of hypochromic anemia;
• general weakness;
• adynamia;
• shortness of breath;
• pallor;
• severe weight loss;
• chalky.

The more abundant the hemorrhage, the brighter and more intense the clinical picture develops and the risk of death increases. According to statistics, if the esophagus constantly bleeds, 4 out of 5 cases end in death. Timely emergency assistance can prevent this. Therefore, early diagnosis and drastic measures are extremely important.

Types and degrees of varicose veins

Varicose veins in the esophagus can be without hemorrhage.

Varieties of VRV of the esophagus differ in the size of the expansion of the veins, their features and visual symptoms, which are determined by esophagoscopy. When classifying, the causes that provoked the pathology are taken into account.

Varicose veins of the esophagus are of 2 varieties:

• without blood loss;
• with bleeding.

According to the form, there is:

• congenital, accompanied by background pathologies and characterized by unclear pathogenesis;
• an acquired disease that has arisen against the background of adverse effects of the external and internal environment.

By degree

• I. - the diameter of the lumen of direct vessels does not exceed 0.5 cm, which do not go into the gastric tissues;
• II. - the diameter reaches 1 cm, tortuosity is acquired, the upper section reaches the middle of the lumen;
• III. - the portal vein expands by more than 1 cm, with strong tension, thinning, tightness, tortuosity of the walls, on which red dots appear.

Varicose veins of the stomach

Varicose veins in the digestive organs can be with extensive damage to the veins, with more than 1 cm, and several mm.

There are such types of pathology with venous expansion in the esophagus and stomach:

• I. - diameter of vessels up to 0.5 cm, which are not visible on the gastric mucosa;
• II. - solitary-polypoid portal vasodilation of 1 cm;
• III. - nodular-polypoid expansion of more than 1 cm.

According to Vitenasom and Tamulevichiute

There are 4 stages:

• I. vessel diameter - 0.2-0.3 cm, which are bluish, but straight;
• II. knotty, uneven, tortuous veins with a diameter of more than 0.3 cm;
  III. distinct nodes, tortuosity, protrusion into the esophageal lumen up to the gastric vault;
• IV. grape-shaped, polypoid vessels that cover or significantly narrow the lumen of the esophagus, while on the mucous membrane enveloping the node, a thin network of small capillaries is formed, which provokes secondary varicose veins.

NCH ​​RAMS

There are three stages of the disease:

• I. vessel with a diameter of 0.2-0.3 cm;
• II. 0.3-0.5 cm;
• III. over 0.5 cm.

Zdenek Marzatka

The division is carried out into 3 degrees:

• I. longitudinal vessels, slightly elevated above the mucosa;
• II. dilated, tortuous veins;
• III. veins of the pseudotumor type.

Diagnostics

Vascular pathologies in the internal organs can only be detected by a hardware study.

It is possible to determine the dilated veins of the esophagus only by hardware, since there are often no visible symptoms. Usually assigned:

• all types of plasma studies - to determine the patient's condition;
• functional and liver tests - for the study of coagulopathy;
• Ultrasound and radiography - to clarify the prediagnosis;
• fibroesophagoscopy - to determine the causes of blood loss.

If there are background pathologies, an additional examination is performed to determine the cause of their development.

Traditional treatment

Regardless of the severity of varicose veins, the disease is considered incurable. But it cannot be ignored, since late diagnosis and identification of causes, untimely emergency care or improper therapy can lead to death.

Treatment of esophageal varicose veins is complex, complex, combining conservative, medical and surgical (with late detection) therapy.

Diet, exclusion of bad habits, exercise control is a prerequisite for restoring the integrity of the veins in the esophagus.

conservative approach

The methodology is based on the following rules:

• adherence to strict diet therapy and diet;
• minimization of physical activity;
• exclusion of bad habits;
• strict adherence to the recommendations of the doctor.

Endoscopy

Today, phlebectasia of the esophagus is treated with a minimally invasive technique, especially if esophageal bleeding is detected. To stop blood loss during the operation, sclerosants with different principles of action are used. Endoscopic treatment is performed using three techniques:

Extensive damage to the vessels in the esophagus and stomach is desirable to eliminate surgery.

1. Intravasal approach, when connective tissue is created in a thrombosed varicose nodule. The disadvantage is a large number of complications, for example, the probe is able to pierce the esophageal wall, which will lead to purulent-necrotic thrombophlebitis.
2. Paravasal approach, when the sclerosant is injected into the submucosal layer with further scarring of the fiber and compression of the wide veins. Advantages - a minimum of complications during an endoscopically sparing procedure.
3. Ligation of the veins of the esophagus, when sources of bleeding are cauterized in order to stop blood loss. Then, when doping, latex rings are put on the problem area. The advantage is that hemostasis is achieved in 90% of patients.

Balloon tamponade

The method involves squeezing the problem area with a special probe equipped with a balloon. Stopping bleeding from varicose veins of the esophagus occurs with an increase in the diameter of the balloon in the stomach with traction of the esophageal device without inflation. Such a stop of blood loss is considered dangerous, is rarely used, and provokes various complications. But the effectiveness of treatment is 90%.

Operation

Varicose veins of the esophagus are often treated with sclerosis. The essence of the method:

Even when operating on damaged vessels in the digestive organs, relapses and repeated surgery are not ruled out.

1. introduction into the affected vein and the lumen of a special solution;
2. repetition of manipulation after 5, 30, 90 days.

A stable effect is achieved when the procedure is performed 4 times a year.

Other methods used:

• shunting, when an intrahepatic stent is inserted connecting the portal and hepatic veins;
• anastomosis, when a connecting bridge is created to bypass the problem area;
• sheathing of veins (alloying with tying vessels with 1-3 elastic rings or nylon loops);
• devascularization, when the affected vessels are excised and replaced with a prosthesis.

Medicines

Drug therapy is aimed at reducing the negative impact on the walls of the veins. For this purpose:

• drugs to reduce the acidity of gastric juice;
• astringent preparations;
• multivitamin complexes.

Folk remedies

You can smooth out varicose veins in the esophagus by taking infusions of medicinal herbs and berries.

Treatment of esophageal varix is ​​possible with folk remedies at home. Popular recipes:

1. 1 st. l. Japanese Sophora insist in 250 ml of boiling water. Drink tea throughout the day for 4 approaches. The course of treatment is up to 3 months.
2. 1 st. l. crushed fruits of mountain ash and rose hips are boiled over a fire in 500 ml of water with a 5-minute boil. Drink all day 100 ml.

The choice of a treatment regimen with folk remedies should be agreed with the doctor.

Diet

Principles of diet therapy for varicose veins of the esophagus:

1. stable nutrition at the same time;
2. fragmentation of meals in small portions - up to 6 rubles / day;
3. last snack - no later than 3 hours before going to bed;
4. use boiling, stewing, baking, steaming as a heat treatment of food;
5. the absorbed food should be at room temperature and a puree or liquid consistency;
6. exclusion of bad habits.

Unauthorized Products

In case of injuries of the veins in the esophagus, it is necessary to exclude hard foods from the diet, as well as fried, spicy, starchy foods, alcoholic drinks and strong hot drinks.

Varicose veins of the esophagus involves the rejection of such food:

• baking, sweets, sugar;
• spicy sauces, seasonings;
• pasta, bread and other pastries;
• spicy, sour, oversalted, nutritious and fried meat dishes.

You can not drink:

• alcoholic drinks;
• strong black tea;
• coffee.

Allowed Products

You need to include in your diet:

• food with vitamin E: greens, lettuce, egg yolk, oil from corn and sunflower;
• foods with vitamin C: citrus fruits, berries, potatoes, peppers;
• with bioflavonoids: cherry, sweet cherry;
• with routine: nuts, grapefruit, green tea, black currant;
• with vegetable fibers: fresh vegetables with fruits, legumes.

It is necessary to increase the amount of low-fat broths and soups consumed, cereals on water with dilution of milk, compotes. At the same time, it is important to ensure an abundant drinking regime with the consumption of 1 liter of water per day, not including other liquids.

Prevention

Take care of the general improvement of the body in order to prevent vascular pathology in the digestive organs.

The purpose of preventive measures is to maintain the normal state of blood vessels. For this:

• it is important to monitor the condition of the liver;
• follow the doctor's recommendations;
• timely treat pathologies;
• regulate high blood pressure;
• lead a healthy lifestyle without bad habits;
• eat right and follow the regime;
• harden, massage and perform light exercises to strengthen the body;
• take multivitamins.

Complications

The most serious consequence of esophageal varix syndrome is hidden or massive hemorrhage. The causes of rupture of the vessels of the esophagus are as follows:

• straining;
• jump in blood pressure;
• sharp lifting of weights;
• prolonged fever;
• peptic ulcers in the esophagus;
• collapsing tumor;
• Mallory-Weiss syndrome with a sharp perforation of the mucosa in the pericardial zone against the background of severe vomiting.

Untreated vessels in the esophagus can lead to death.

Harbingers of blood loss are:

• slight tickling in the throat;
• salty taste on the tongue.

After the onset of these symptoms:

• severe vomiting develops - scarlet or dark;
• the innervation of the esophagus and its blood supply are disturbed.

Forecast

Varicose veins of the esophagus are characterized by high mortality - more than 50%. The outcome of the disease depends on the cause of its cause, mainly on the type and severity of liver pathology. With a normally functioning liver in 80% of patients, blood loss is eliminated on its own. In 75% of survivors after a complication, a relapse occurs within the first 12-24 months. It is possible to reduce the risk with regular treatment of venous syndrome with medications and endoscopically.

More about phlebectasia

The name of the problem speaks for itself - with varicose veins in the stomach or esophagus, their increase is observed, which leads to protrusion of the walls. Something like knots appear on the vessels.

The disease can be of two types:

• Acquired - develops with increased pressure in the portal vein. This vein is responsible for supplying blood to the liver. This problem leads to a violation of blood flow through the liver. In this case, the veins become tender, brittle and can break literally at any moment.
• Congenital - the disease is diagnosed from the moment of birth. Usually associated with a genetic predisposition, it can be triggered by a severe course of pregnancy.

Congenital esophageal varices are rare. In most situations, doctors diagnose an acquired form of the disease. This is mainly a problem for patients over 50 years of age.

Varicose veins of the stomach - the causes of the disease

The main cause of gastric varicose veins is portal hypertension, which causes the veins in the esophagus to swell. Often this condition is observed with cirrhosis of the liver, as many scars appear on it. But this is not the only reason for the manifestation of an unpleasant disease.

There are other reasons that can cause the disease:

• Diseases of the liver that provoke a violation of blood flow.
• The appearance of thrombi.
• Squeezing tumors of the rotary vein.
• Vascular and heart failure.

Particular attention should be paid to diagnosing the likelihood of venous disease in patients suffering from cirrhosis of the liver and hepatitis. Since these organs become even more vulnerable and untimely treatment can lead to negative consequences.

Signs of the disease

At the initial stage of the disease, there are no specific symptoms. Therefore, it is difficult to determine the problem. But as the problem develops, the patient has certain signs of phlebectasia.

• Heaviness and discomfort in the chest.
• Enlargement of the abdomen due to the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity.
• In the front of the abdominal wall, the "head of a jellyfish", as it is called, can be drawn. This is a drawing of veins dilated in the esophagus.
• Shortness of breath due to activity.
• Severe heartburn regardless of food intake.
• Swallowing dysfunction.

It is great if the patient pays attention to the listed signs and consults a doctor. Diagnosis of the disease, based on these symptoms, will allow you to take urgent measures to treat gastric varicose veins. But situations when patients come to the doctor at this stage are rare. Most often, phlebectasia manifests itself already at the time of rupture of the veins. When bleeding starts, the signs of the problem become more pronounced.

• Vomiting with bloody discharge.
• Black color of feces, as well as noticeable impurities of blood in it.
• Lowering blood pressure.
• Cardiopalmus.
• Shock state.

Bleeding with varicose veins can be minor, but most often it is massive. Treatment must be started urgently, as the problem can lead to a serious deterioration in the condition or death.

The degree of varicose veins of the stomach and the diagnosis of the disease

In total, there are four degrees of varicose veins of the stomach or esophagus.

• Degree 1- no symptoms are observed, vein ectasias are single, which does not prevent the patient from feeling great. To determine the first degree of the disease is possible only with the help of endoscopy.
• Degree 2- vascular structures become tortuous and uneven. But at the same time, the swelling does not exceed 3 mm, and the gaps narrow to insignificant distances. In this case, bleeding is rare. It is also possible to establish the problem mainly with the help of x-rays or endoscopy. Symptoms are not expressed.
• Grade 3- the venous lumen noticeably narrows, the veins bulge. At this stage, the nodes are clearly visible, the tone of the walls narrows. The main symptoms are already manifesting, it remains only to notice them in time, since the risk of bleeding at this stage of the disease increases markedly. It is impossible to postpone treatment at the third stage.
• Degree 4- the nodes are clearly visible, the gaps are narrowed, the gastric mucosa is seriously thinned. A whole string of affected vessels can diverge from a large knot. All of them are thinned so that bleeding can open at any moment. If this happens, the patient is in serious danger.

To diagnose venous disease and determine its degree, doctors use different research methods:

• Laboratory studies of blood, urine and feces.
• Ultrasound of the abdominal organs.
• Esophagoscopy.
• X-ray studies.

Treatment methods

With varicose veins of the esophagus or stomach, a competent approach is needed. After determining the degree of the disease, it is important to find the causes of the development of pathology. The doctor prescribes the necessary medications that help strengthen the liver and blood vessels. Also, the patient is advised to adhere to a diet and not give up physical activity.

Medications for varicose veins of the stomach are prescribed mainly as follows:

• Drugs, the action of which is aimed at constricting blood vessels and stopping bleeding.
• colloidal solutions.
• Astringents.
• Antacids.
• Vitamins.

Conservative therapy with the appointment of drugs is a long process. Surgical intervention is considered more effective. It helps to quickly improve the patient's condition by electrocoagulation of damaged vessels and squeezing them during bleeding, which is carried out using a special probe.

Unfortunately, no matter what methods of treatment are undertaken, it is impossible to cure the disease. Therefore, all measures are aimed solely at preventing the further development of pathology. In the first stages, maintaining the condition of the esophagus and stomach is much easier than in the third and fourth stages of the disease. And the appearance of bleeding further worsens the prognosis.

Causes of the expansion of the veins of the esophagus

The main symptom of any vascular disease of the esophagus is almost always a symptom of esophageal bleeding. These bleedings can occur when the esophagus and a nearby large vessel are injured, for example, when a large foreign body with sharp and cutting edges is fixed in the esophagus; when a tumor of the esophagus grows into any large vessel of the mediastinum and breaks through it, for example, into the descending part of the aorta. Most often, bleeding from the vessels of the esophagus itself is observed when its wall is damaged by a hard esophagoscope, a sharp foreign body, vessel erosion by an ulcerative process, or decay

Varicose veins of the stomach develop when the blood supply to the organ is disturbed. The disease provokes a change in the structure of the vascular network, loops or nodes appear, expansion or narrowing occurs. Pathology can appear with liver diseases, mainly with cirrhosis. An invariable symptom is profuse bleeding.

Symptoms of varicose veins

The first stage of the disease does not manifest itself in the body, so it is difficult to determine the ongoing changes. With the development of pathology, the following symptoms may appear:

• heaviness, dull chest pain;
• an increase in the abdomen due to the large volume of accumulated fluid;
• the appearance on the abdominal wall of noticeable dilated veins;
• shortness of breath with minimal physical exertion;
• heartburn, not depending on the products used;
• difficulty swallowing food.

It is important to notice the presence of signs and consult a doctor in time. During treatment, urgent measures are needed in order to have time to eliminate possible damage to the body.

Attention: It is not often possible to determine the presence of varicose veins in time. The disease manifests itself mainly when the veins rupture. Bleeding makes all the signs of the disease more noticeable.

With bleeding, accompanying symptoms are possible:

• vomiting with drops of blood;
• blood in the stool and staining it black;
• lowering blood pressure and increased heart rate;

Bleeding is often profuse, although there are exceptions. Treatment if any of the signs are detected should be started on time. Untimely assistance leads to a strong deterioration in the condition, a fatal outcome is possible.

Causes of varicose veins of the stomach

Home stomach - . The veins dilate due to the increased pressure, the outflow of blood passes with disturbances. The condition may occur due to a blood clot, squeezing a vein. The following diseases of the pancreas or liver can affect:

1. cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis.
2. Sarcoidosis.
3. Malignant or benign tumor.
4. Aneurysms of the arteries of the spleen or liver.
5. Fibrosis.

The disease can be inherited, it can manifest itself at any time. With cirrhosis of the liver, the structure of the organ changes, the tissues grow and contribute to the cessation of its work. Varicose veins occur, being a serious complication of the first disease.

How the disease is diagnosed

Diagnosis of the disease is possible with instrumental examination. The following methods are used:

• a blood test performed to examine the general condition of the body;
• liver tests to detect coagulopathy;
• x-ray with contrast to examine the state of the digestive system;
• Ultrasound of the abdominal organs.

When detected, immediate measures are taken to prevent the development of the problem.

Additional Information: The classification of the disease involves dividing it into 3 stages. The first is a slight expansion of the veins, the last is bleeding in the stomach cavity.

Treatment

Pathology is most often detected at a late stage, which often leads to hypovolemic shock or death. The patient is entitled to immediate hospitalization, resuscitation. The first step is to stop the bleeding, stabilize the state of the body, replenishing the bcc.

Medical treatment

Treatment of varicose veins involves squeezing the problem area. This way you get rid of the bleeding. The effectiveness of treatment is 90%. When operating on damaged vessels of the esophagus, relapses are possible. Often another surgery is performed. To increase the chances of recovery, the following methods are used:

1. Introduction into a vein that has burst, a special solution to reduce the outflow of blood.
2. Monthly repetition of actions aimed at stopping possible internal bleeding.
3. The use of drugs that act on gastric juice to reduce pressure on the walls of blood vessels.
4. Astringents that stop possible bleeding.
5. Multivitamin complexes to increase the elasticity of blood vessels.

Surgical intervention

Activities are carried out in several ways: damaged veins are tied using a rubber bandage, intrahepatic material is bypassed to reduce pressure. A special device is inserted into the liver to avoid the accumulation of blood in the cavities, preventing bleeding from opening. Actions are carried out using an X-ray machine to avoid possible errors.

The third method is splenorenal shunting. Used to prevent fluid accumulation. A shunt connects certain veins, preventing hemorrhage.

Folk remedies

To supplement the treatment with basic means, you can use traditional medicine. Activities improve bowel function, improve the choleretic process. For treatment, the following means are used:

1. Sophora japonica tincture. 1 st. l. drink is diluted in 1 glass of boiled water. Drink the composition 4 times a day before meals.
2. Rose hips or rowan berries: 1 tbsp. l., mixed with 0.5 l. water. The liquid with fruits is kept on fire for 5 minutes, then it cools down and is drunk. Use daily for 0.5 liters. composition, in parts, at regular intervals.
3. Drops from chestnut flowers (sold in a pharmacy). 30 drops of the solution are added to a glass of warm water. Drink a glass a day.
4. Propolis tincture. It is mixed and used similarly to the previous composition.
5. Liquid formulations of calendula, chamomile: mix them by adding 10 drops of each product to a glass of water. Use the solution in a warm form 4 times a day for at least a month.

Do not forget that the folk method of treatment does not help get rid of a dangerous disease, but only serves as an addition to the main treatment.

Diet

With varicose veins, you must follow the basic rules of nutrition. You need to eat at least 4 times a day. The load on the digestive system is significantly reduced, as the amount of food received at a time is reduced. It is forbidden to remain without food for a long time, even to be a little hungry. It is worth eating at the same time so that the gastric mucosa gets used to a constant routine. Skipping meals on a set schedule is not recommended.

Food should be thoroughly chewed - you should not rush when eating it. To develop such a habit, it is worth removing all distractions: TV, book, Internet. Avoid eating before bed. The last time to eat about 2 hours before a meal, no later.

The diet does not imply clear rules, experts usually prescribe general nutritional recommendations. With varicose veins of the stomach, you should not eat the following products:

• fatty foods, fried foods, fast food and the like;
• meat, poultry, fish are not prohibited for consumption, but are not recommended in large quantities;
• smoked foods, pickles that can retain water in the body;
• foods high in fiber;
• fresh vegetables and fruits - they must be subjected to heat treatment;
• alcoholic or carbonated, as well as caffeinated drinks;
• substances that affect the cardiovascular system to any extent.

Important: The disease is dangerous because of the possibility of heavy bleeding into the stomach cavity. It is necessary to exclude any products that can exert a strong burden on the body. Do not use substances that will irritate the digestive system.

Risks and forecasts

Often deaths in varicose veins of the stomach occur due to untimely access to doctors. Complex pathologies that occur during the development of the disease quickly lead to a deterioration in the condition. Vascular problems, complicated by heavy bleeding, liver cirrhosis, are eliminated only at the initial stage of development.

Mortality in the presence of the disease is 50%. In about 79% of cases, internal bleeding can be stopped on time. The return of the disease with successful treatment is possible in 55% of cases. Given the statistics, do not forget about the right diet. The measures taken will delay or prevent the onset of the disease.

Varicose veins of the stomach is considered an extremely dangerous disease that can arise even from simple overeating. Everyone should carefully monitor the diet, the amount of food consumed and the quality of the purchased products so that the consequences of the disease do not turn out to be an unpleasant surprise.