In what cases is Pantogam prescribed: instructions for use. Pantogam as a treatment for borderline neuropsychiatric disorders

Pantogam is a popular drug from the group of nootropic drugs. Pantogam is successfully used to treat various neurological and psychiatric diseases in adults and children. The drug has a high degree of safety and a minimum number of side effects.

Description

The human brain is a complex mechanism in which millions of chemical reactions occur every second. It is the transformations and interactions of organic substances that provide both complex intellectual processes, such as thinking, speech, and memorization of information, as well as elementary neurological reflexes. Naturally, the lack of essential neurotransmitters instantly leads to psychiatric or neurological problems. And there can be many reasons for failures in the work of the brain and central nervous system, which has been debugged by generations - these are hereditary diseases, and a lack of supply of nerve cells with oxygen and nutrients, and craniocerebral injuries, and infectious diseases.

The growing children's nervous system is especially sensitive to various external failures. The slightest deviation in the development of the brain in early childhood, metabolic disorders, lack of neurotransmitters or hypoxia of the nervous tissue can lead to irreparable consequences in adulthood, disrupt the formation of higher cognitive and speech functions, and slow down the mental, speech and intellectual development of the individual.

Pantogam is a drug specially designed to eliminate the lack of neurotransmitters in cases where the brain is deficient. The main component of the drug is hopantenic acid. This substance is similar to pantothenic acid and includes part of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) molecule. Hopantenic acid has an effect on the nervous system similar to that of GABA. And, as you know, GABA is one of the main neurotransmitters of the central nervous system. He takes part in the transmission of nerve impulses, the mechanism of central inhibition, the work of nerve cells and metabolic processes in the brain.

In addition to the nootropic effect, which consists in improving the metabolism of nerve cells and increasing their level of protection, hopantenic acid also has a sedative, moderate analgesic and anticonvulsant effect. It increases the resistance of brain tissues to oxygen starvation and poisoning with toxic substances, stimulates anabolic processes in nerve cells, and reduces motor excitability. Increases Pantogam and resistance to mental and physical stress, normalizes the functioning of the muscles of the gallbladder and bladder.

Pantogam is often used for chronic alcoholism. In patients with alcoholism, under the influence of the drug, the negative effect of alcohol on the nervous system is mitigated. Also, with alcoholism, the drug has a calming effect, improves blood circulation to the brain, and normalizes the concentration of GABA in the brain tissue.

The drug can also be useful for neurogenic pathologies of the urinary system. Pantogam helps to inhibit the increased bladder reflex and reduces the tone of the bladder muscle - the detrusor.

Pharmacokinetics

When taken orally, hopantenic acid is easily absorbed from the intestines into the blood, and then penetrates the blood-brain barrier, becoming available to brain tissues. Within an hour, the concentration of the substance in the blood reaches a maximum. The highest concentrations of the drug are observed in the liver, kidneys, stomach wall and skin. It is not metabolized, it is excreted unchanged by the kidneys (about 2/3) and intestines (about 1/3) within 2 days.

Indications for use

The drug is used for various diseases, expressed in violation of the most important functions of the brain - emotions, remembering information, speech, reflexes, intelligence, movements, behavior. The drug is especially effective for disorders of the central nervous system in children:

• delay in general and psychomotor development;
• delay in the formation of speech, speech disorders;
• hyperkinesis (movement disorders due to erroneous brain commands);
• cerebral palsy (a group of diseases accompanied by impaired motor functions and often mental retardation);
• attention deficit hyperactivity disorder;
• neurosis-like states, accompanied by tics, sleep disturbances, stuttering;
• oligophrenia;
• perinatal encephalopathy (brain damage that occurred during fetal development or during childbirth);
• urinary incontinence.

In adults, indications for the use of the drug include organic brain damage, traumatic brain injury, if they caused a decrease in:

• memory,
• intellect,
• mental performance,
• attention.

In such cases, Pantogam is usually used as part of complex therapy, along with other drugs.

Also, the drug can be used in the treatment of:

• epilepsy, accompanied by inhibition of mental processes (in combination with anticonvulsants);
• senile (initial forms);
• extrapyramidal disorders, including neurological diseases of a hereditary nature (Huntington's chorea, hepatocerebral dystrophy);
• akinetic and hyperkinetic extpapyramidal disorders caused by taking antipsychotics (treatment and prevention);
• schizophrenia with lethargy syndrome and organic cerebral insufficiency;
• atherosclerotic pathologies of the brain;
• psycho-emotional overload;
• decrease in intellectual and physical performance;
• urinary disorders of a neurogenic nature (frequent urination, imperative urge to urinate, enuresis);
• neurotic disorders aggravated by cognitive impairment;
• cerebrovascular insufficiency caused by atherosclerotic changes in the vessels;
• tremor;
• trigeminal neuralgia;
• residual effects of neuroinfections;
• post-vaccination encephalitis.

With disorders of cognitive functions of the brain in adults, the drug Pantogam helps to improve memory and concentration, increase mental performance. In school-age children, the drug improves school performance, in preschool children - to quickly master the skills of speech and communication.

Release form

In Pantogam, hopantenic acid is presented in the form of a calcium salt - calcium hopantenate. Externally, calcium hopantenate looks like a white powder. It dissolves well in water.

The drug is available in two main dosage forms. Firstly, it is Pantogam in the form of tablets. In addition, in pharmacies you can find Pantogam syrup for children. Of course, the syrup can also be given to adults, moreover, in some situations, for example, during pregnancy, this is directly recommended.

The shelf life of tablets is 4 years, syrup - 2 years. The drug should be stored in a dry, dark place. The drug is produced by PIK-Pharma LLC. In most pharmacies, the drug is dispensed by prescription, although this issue remains with the owners of pharmacy chains.

In a tablet of the drug, both 250 and 500 mg of calcium hopantenate may be present. In addition to this substance, the tablet contains:

• methylcellulose,
• talc,
• calcium stearate,
• magnesium carbonate.

Pantogam syrup

1 ml of syrup contains 100 mg of calcium hopantenate. It also contains substances (in addition to purified water) such as glycerol, sorbitol, citric acid monohydrate, sodium benzoate, aspartame. Pantogam in the form of syrup is bottled in 100 ml bottles. Also, the package is equipped with a measuring spoon, which allows you to accurately measure the required dose of the drug. Do not store syrup after opening for a long time. It should be used within 1 month. In this case, the opened vial must be placed in the refrigerator.

Reviews

Reviews about the drug are mostly positive. Many of the patients note an improvement in their own condition and a decrease in the severity of negative neurological symptoms while taking the drug. Also, many parents note an improvement in the condition of their children suffering from neurological disorders. Most like the lack of side effects of the drug, its affordable price. Doctors note the high effectiveness of the drug, especially in children's cerebral pathologies, in perinatal encephalopathy. However, there are a lot of those to whom the drug did not help in any way.

Drug analogues

Structural analogues of the drug are Calcium Gopanthenate, Pantocalcin, Gopantam, Cognum. Other nootropics can also be found on sale, but most of them have a different composition and scope, somewhat different from the scope of hopantenic acid.

Contraindications

The drug is distinguished by a high degree of safety and a minimum number of contraindications. You can take Pantogam and children, from a very early age (including the very first days of life), and the elderly. However, taking the drug in the first trimester of pregnancy is not recommended. In the second and third trimesters, the drug can be taken, however, it is recommended to use the drug not in tablets, but in the form of syrup. During lactation, the drug is also prohibited. It is also not recommended to take the drug if the patient has an increased sensitivity to at least one of its components, with severe kidney disease or kidney disease during an exacerbation, with phenylketonuria (the syrup contains aspartame). Children under 3 years old should not be given Pantogam in the form of tablets, syrup is intended for them.

Despite the high degree of safety, it is still recommended to take the drug as directed by a doctor. Only a specialist will be able to correctly prescribe the dose of the drug, based on the type of disease and the patient's condition. And self-treatment in most cases will not bring any benefit.

Side effects

Pantogam, like other nootropics, can cause side effects related to the nervous system. This suggests that the drug should be taken only as directed by a doctor. It is also not recommended to take Pantogam in conjunction with other nootropic and psychostimulant drugs.

The main side effects of the drug include:

• drowsiness,
• lethargy,
• dizziness,
• lethargy,
• excitation,
• headache,
• noise in the head.

Usually, these side effects are transient and can be observed for only a few days, after which they disappear on their own. However, if the disappearance of side effects is not observed, then it is worth interrupting the treatment and consult a doctor. In most cases, lowering the dose helps to get rid of side effects.

Allergic reactions (rhinitis, conjunctivitis, skin reactions) are not excluded. When they appear, treatment with the drug should be interrupted.

A rare side effect that occurs with prolonged use of the drug is a deficiency of pantothenic acid in the liver, which can lead to hepatic encephalopathy, which is fatal. This circumstance suggests that treatment with the drug must be carried out under the supervision of a physician.

With an overdose, an increase in adverse reactions is usually observed. If the drug was taken more than the maximum allowable dose, then it is recommended to wash the stomach and take enterosorbents, if necessary, to carry out symptomatic therapy.

The effect of the drug on the speed of psychomotor reactions

Is it possible to drive vehicles and perform work that requires concentration of attention during the course of treatment with Pantogam? In the first days of the course, this should not be done, since at this time side effects are very likely, expressed in drowsiness and loss of concentration. However, after a while these phenomena should pass.

Drug Interactions

The drug has a minimum number of negative interactions with other medications. It prolongs the action of barbiturates and, at the same time, mitigates their side effects. Also, the drug softens the side effects of neuroleptics, carbamazepine. The drug enhances the action of local anesthetics, for example, novocaine, anticonvulsants. Glycine and Xidiphon (etidronic acid) enhance the nootropic effect of the drug.

Instructions for use

The dosage of Pantogam largely depends on the disease and the age of the patient. The usual single dosage of the drug in the form of tablets for adults is 0.5-1 g. Tablets should be taken three times a day. The maximum daily dosage of the drug in tablets is 3 g.

A single dosage of syrup for adults is 5-10 ml. This amount of syrup contains 500-1000 mg of Pantogam. The number of daily doses, as in the case of tablets, is also 3, and the maximum daily dosage is 30 ml.

The duration of the course of treatment depends on the circumstances. Usually its duration is 1-3 months. Sometimes it can last up to six months. If necessary, a second course can be prescribed after a few months.

For some diseases, a special scheme is used. For example, with epilepsy, it is recommended to take 0.75-1 g (7.5-10 ml of syrup) of the drug per day.

In schizophrenia, the drug is combined with the use of psychotropic drugs. The daily dose is 500-3000 mg, the duration of treatment is 1-3 months.

With craniocerebral injuries and neuroinfections, 250 mg (2.5 ml of syrup) should be taken 3-4 times a day. To normalize working capacity and improve well-being during psychoemotional stress, it is recommended to use the same dosage, however, the drug is taken no more than 3 times a day.

For extrapyramidal disorders caused by taking antipsychotics, a dose of 0.5-1 g (5-10 ml of syrup) 3 times a day is recommended. The course of treatment is 1-3 months.

The same dosage is recommended when using the drug as a treatment for urination disorders (urinary incontinence, imperative urge to urinate). In this case, it is necessary to take the remedy 2-3 times a day. The course of treatment is 2-3 months.

With extrapyramidal hyperkinesis in patients with hereditary pathologies of the central nervous system, 500 mg of hopantenic acid should be taken 3-6 times a day. With these diseases, patients are recommended to take the drug for up to 4 months.

With asthenic syndrome and excessive mental or intellectual stress, it is recommended to take 250 mg three times a day.

With nervous tics in adults, the dose of the drug per day is 1.5-3 g. The duration of treatment is 1-5 months.

Pantogam for children

Instructions for use states that in the treatment of children, a single standard dose is 0.25-0.5 g, the frequency of administration is 3 times a day. The duration of the course can be 1-3 months. If necessary, the course of treatment can be repeated, while the time interval between courses can be 3-6 months.

In the treatment of extrapyramidal disorders in children caused by the use of antipsychotics (neuroleptic syndrome), a standard dose is used. The multiplicity of reception is 3-4 times a day, the duration of treatment is 1-3 months.

With nervous tics, a standard dose is also used, the frequency of admission per day can vary from 3 to 6. The duration of the course is 1-4 months.

With mental insufficiency in children, 0.5 g is prescribed 4-6 times a day. The duration of the course of treatment is 3 months.

In case of urination disorders, 0.25-0.5 g of the drug should be given 2-3 times a day. The duration of the course is 1-3 months.

In hyperactivity syndrome associated with attention deficit, the daily dosage is 30 mg / kg of body weight. Pantogam is taken twice a day, the course of treatment is 4-6 months.

In many cases, with various pathologies of the nervous system in children, the doctor can select the dosage individually. In this case, the following scheme is used - in the first 7-12 days, the dosage gradually increases, then the maximum allowable dosage is used for 15-40 days, and at the end of the course (7-8 days), the dosage is gradually reduced to the minimum. This technique avoids the withdrawal syndrome.

The course of therapy can vary from 1 to 3 months, in rare cases - up to 6 months. The doctor may prescribe several courses of drug therapy, the interval between which can be 1-3 months.

The maximum daily dose for children depends on age.

• 0-12 months - 1000 mg,
• 1-3 years - 1250 mg,
• 3-7 years - 1500 mg,
• older than 7 years - 2000 mg.

It must be remembered that children under 3 years old are recommended to take Pantogam only in the form of syrup.

Special instructions for admission

The drug is best taken after a meal, but not immediately, but after 15-30 minutes. It is also not recommended to take the drug in the evening. It is best to do this before 18 pm, in order to avoid disturbing the night's sleep.

Catad_tema Borderline mental disorders

Pantogam as a treatment for borderline neuropsychiatric disorders

Medline Express, No. 4 (187) 2006, pp. 44-45

N.K. Sukhotina, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Federal State Institution Research Institute of Psychiatry of Roszdrav

Pantogam ® is a domestic nootropic drug with a wide spectrum of action, developed in the 1970s at NPO Vitamins. Since 1980, pantogam has been constantly present on the pharmaceutical market and is widely used in domestic psychoneurology. For the last 10 years, pantogam has been produced by the Russian company PIK-PHARMA.

The most important manifestations of the action of nootropics in child psychiatry are the activation of intellectual and mnestic functions, increasing the ability to learn. A study of the mental development of children with mild mental retardation conducted in the children's clinic of our institute during treatment with Pantogam showed that children showed a clear progress in intellectual development (an increase in the IQ by an average of 10 units) and after a year of treatment they reached a level of low intellectual norm.

The effectiveness of using pantogam has been proven in case of underdevelopment of expressive and impressive speech, writing skills (dysgraphia), reading (dyslexia), counting (dyscalculia), i.e. those disorders that, in accordance with the ICD-10, are classified under the heading "Violation of psychological development."

Stimulation of mental development is most clearly manifested in the incomplete morphofunctional development of the brain, and primarily of the associative zones of the cortex. The territory of the latter increases most intensively at the age of 2–3.5 years, with final maturation by 6–7 and even 12 years.

Thus, the use of pantogam in children of primary preschool age contributes to the acceleration of mental development by not only improving intellectual prerequisites, but also by stimulating the actual analytical-synthetic and psychomotor activity. In older preschool and school age, treatment is aimed primarily at improving the "preconditions" of intelligence (memory, attention, performance).

Another widespread form of mental pathology in children, for the treatment of which pantogam is widely used, are hyperkinetic disorders. In fact, we are talking about a very heterogeneous group of states united according to the phenomenological principle. With a certain degree of conventionality, since we are often talking about mixed disorders, encephalopathic forms of hyperkinetic disorders are distinguished, and predominantly dysontogenetic forms (the age equivalent of developing psychopathy).

The most pronounced effect is observed in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (encephalopathic forms), this effect is achieved with pantogam monotherapy. The reduction of symptoms primarily concerns the actual motor disinhibition and distractibility. Children become more collected, attentive in the classroom, better learn school material.

In hyperkinetic behavioral disorder (dysontogenetic variant), pantogam monotherapy, although it reduces the severity of motor disinhibition, usually does not show a clear reduction in emotional disorders. The complex use of pantogam with mildly acting neuroleptic drugs demonstrates a higher positive effect. The use of other drugs with neurometabolic action is less effective - mainly due to a more frequent hyperstimulating effect with increased affective excitability, impulsivity, aggressiveness.

A wide range of pharmacological activity of pantogam, including anxiolytic, sedative, anticonvulsant and other effects, allows it to be used not only as a means of basic therapy, but also as an additional tool that increases the effectiveness of the treatment of the underlying disease.

Thus, pantogam is highly effective in the complex treatment of patients with epilepsy as a means of potentiating the positive effects of anticonvulsants, having a cerebroprotective effect in case of side effects of anticonvulsant therapy, increasing cognitive productivity and mental activity in bradypsychia, physical inactivity, hypobulia; stimulating mental development of children with secondary mental retardation; increasing their learning ability and socialization in the school environment.

The effectiveness of Pantogam has been proven in relation to residual-organic neurosis-like tics, in the treatment of which it is superior to other nootropics.

Special studies have shown the effectiveness of pantogam in the treatment of inorganic enuresis. Monotherapy in most cases is not effective enough, therefore, as a rule, it is not used. At the same time, against the background of pantogam therapy, there is an increase in the effectiveness of the types of therapy traditionally used to treat enuresis. At the same time, not only the restoration of normal bladder function is noted, but also the reduction of concomitant neuropsychiatric disorders.

The appointment of pantogam as part of complex therapy, including tranquilizers, antidepressants, mild antipsychotics, dehydration drugs, agents that improve cerebral hemodynamics in phobic, anxiety-phobic, anxiety-depressive, astheno-hyperesthetic variants of neurosis-like disorders contributes to a more rapid reduction of neurotic symptoms and the formation of remissions higher quality.

GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF PANTOGAM TREATMENT

1. Pantogam can be used as monotherapy or in combination with drugs from other pharmacological groups. Incompatible combinations with other pharmacological agents have not been established.
2. Pantogam is administered orally 15-30 minutes after meals 3 times a day. In the presence of evening hyperstimulation, a transition was made to morning and lunch receptions. The tactics of treatment involves increasing the dose for 4-7 days, followed by taking a therapeutically active dose until the end of the course.

The duration of the course of treatment is determined by the speed of the onset of the therapeutic effect (on average, after 1.5–2 months of treatment), after which the likelihood of an undesirable hyperstimulating effect increases. Repeated courses of taking the drug are carried out 2-3 times a year, depending on the persistence of the therapeutic effect, as well as the possible influence of additional factors that can decompensate the condition of children.

A comparative study of the therapeutic activity of pantogam tablets and syrup showed that both dosage forms are equally effective in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders that develop against the background of residual states of organic CNS damage. There were no significant differences in the frequency and severity of side effects of therapy.

Thus, Pantogam is a highly effective drug with an original spectrum of therapeutic activity, used as both the main basic drug and a symptomatic agent as part of complex psychopharmacotherapy.

Many of us would not be superfluous to find out why Pantogam is prescribed, how this drug works, and what effects should be expected when it is used for medicinal purposes. Consider the basic information about this medicine: components, scheme of application, indications and contraindications.

Pantogam - composition of the drug

Pantogam belongs to the group of psychostimulating and nootropic drugs widely used in psychoneurology. The drug was developed in the seventies of the last century in one of the Russian research institutes, and since the eighties it has been constantly available on the domestic pharmaceutical market. Pantogam, whose composition is based on one active substance and auxiliary ingredients, is available in three forms: tablets, capsules and syrup.

The active ingredient is calcium hopantenate (calcium salt of hopantenic acid), the chemical structure of which is considered as a modified molecule of pantothenic acid, including the residue of gamma-aminobutyric acid, the most important neurotransmitter of the central nervous system. To understand why Pantogam is prescribed, we list the main therapeutic effects of calcium hopantenate:

• an increase in the resistance of the brain to hypoxia and the influence of toxic substances;
• stimulation of energy metabolic processes in neurons;
• improvement of blood supply to the brain;
• increased protein synthesis;
• acceleration of impulse transmission in the central nervous system;
• improved glucose uptake by nerve cells;
• strengthening of cell membranes;
• decrease in motor excitability;
• anticonvulsant action;
• moderate sedative effect;
• increasing mental and physical performance;
• weakening of the pain syndrome of a neuralgic nature.

The listed actions are characterized by moderation, and the medicine itself still belongs to drugs with unproven effectiveness, like others. This is due to the fact that it has not yet been clarified what is the mechanism of the effect of the drug on the body, and its clinical studies involving patients are in the fourth phase (post-marketing studies). A number of scientists classify Pantogam as a placebo remedy, while others consider it not as a drug, but as a dietary supplement that can improve the quality of life.

Syrup Pantogam

The drug in the form of a syrup is intended for pediatric patients, starting from the neonatal period. It is a slightly viscous, colorless or yellowish liquid with a cherry aroma. Syrup for children Pantogam contains 10 g of calcium hopantenate in 100 ml of solution, as well as the following excipients:

• glycerol;
• sorbitol;
• sodium benzoate;
• citric acid monohydrate;
• aspartame;
• food flavoring;
• purified water.

Pills Pantogam

The tablet medication is prescribed for adults and children over the age of three. These are round tablets of white color with a rice, slightly bitter in taste. The active substance may be contained in an amount of 0.25 g (Pantogam 250) or 0.5 g (Pantogam 500) in each tablet. Other components of the tablet composition:

• methylcellulose;
• calcium stearate;
• magnesium hydroxycarbonate;
• talc.

Capsules Pantogam

A new development of the manufacturer is Pantogam Active in the form of gelatin capsules. The drug has an improved formula, in which the active substance D,L-hopantenic acid is a racemate of hopantenic acid, which has a more pronounced nootropic and anticonvulsant activity and an additional anti-anxiety effect. The capsules are hard, yellow in color, with a white or yellowish powder inside. This form of medication is prescribed for patients who have reached the age of eighteen (due to the lack of studies on use at an earlier age).

The active ingredient may be contained in an amount of 200 or 300 mg in each capsule, and the following are used as excipients:

• titanium dioxide;
• gelatin;
• glycerol;
• sodium lauryl sulfate;
• purified water;
• nipagin;
• nipazole;
• cellulose microcrystalline;
• magnesium stearate.

Pantogam - indications for use

Often, the drug is prescribed as part of complex therapy for the treatment of diseases and disorders associated with the activity of the central nervous system, along with tranquilizers, antidepressants, antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, other nootropic drugs, and so on. In some cases, it is used as monotherapy. Pantogam has numerous indications, being used to treat children and adults, including the elderly.

Pantogam for children

Syrup and tablets for children Pantogam are recommended by pediatricians, pediatric neurologists and psychiatrists after a series of diagnostic studies confirming the presence of a particular health problem. We list why Pantogam is prescribed in childhood, for the treatment of which pathologies:

• cerebral palsy;
• with attention deficit disorder;
• mental retardation of varying severity;
• psychomotor and speech disorders;
• delay in the formation of school skills (reading, counting, writing);
• nervous tic;
• sleep disorders;
• enuresis, encopresis;
• childhood phobias.

Pantogam for adults

Why is Pantogam prescribed for adults, the following list of indications will prompt:

• brain damage and neurotic disorders accompanied by impaired memory, concentration, speech, thinking and other cognitive functions;
• traumatic brain injury;
• neuroinfections;
• cerebrovascular insufficiency associated with atherosclerotic vascular lesions;
• myoclonic epilepsy;
• chorea of ​​Huntington;
• hepatolenticular degeneration;
• extrapyramidal syndrome associated with the use of neuroleptics;
• schizophrenia;
• trigeminal neuralgia;
• urgency urinary incontinence;
• frequent urination of a neurogenic nature;
• consequences of psycho-emotional overload.

Pantogam - contraindications

Many patients are concerned about whether Pantogam can be taken during pregnancy. It is worth knowing that in the first trimester of pregnancy, when the main organs and tissues of the future baby are being laid, this drug cannot be used. For this reason, if Pantogam is being treated, before the end of the therapeutic course, the woman should take care that conception does not occur. The prohibition also applies to the period of breastfeeding, during which the medicine can be harmful. In the second and third periods of pregnancy, the drug is allowed to be taken according to strict indications.

In addition, the list of contraindications to the drug includes the following conditions:

• individual intolerance to the components of the drug;
• severe kidney disease in the acute phase;
• phenylketonuria (for syrup).

How to take Pantogam correctly?

Depending on what Pantogam is prescribed for, what is the age of the patient, how severe the pathology is, the medication regimens are different. It should be borne in mind that Pantogam, the use of which can last from one to four months, and sometimes up to six months, with long-term treatment should not be taken in parallel with other nootropic and stimulant drugs. Due to the specifics of the action of the drug, it is desirable to take it in the morning and daytime, since when used in the evening, you may encounter a violation of the process of falling asleep and sleeping.

Pantogam - dosage for children

Pantogam, the dosage of which is not the same for children of different ages, is often prescribed in such daily amounts:

• children of the first year - 0.5-1 g;
• children under three years old - 0.5-1.25 g;
• children from three to seven years old - 0.75-1.5 g;
• children from seven to twelve years old - 1-2 g;
• children over twelve years old - 1.5-3 g.

According to the standard treatment tactics, during the first week of administration, the dose is increased, the drug is taken at the maximum dose for the next 15-40 or more days, and then the dose is gradually reduced until it is canceled over 7-8 days. A single dose is often 0.25-0.5 g, syrup or tablets are taken 15-30 minutes after a meal.

Consider how to take Pantogam for children with some specific pathologies:

• urination disorders - intake in a daily dose of 25-50 mg per kilogram of weight, the course of treatment is within 1-3 months;
• consequences of craniocerebral injuries and neuroinfections - 0.25 g 3-4 times a day;
• epilepsy - children from three years old - daily 0.25-0.5 g 3-4 times a day, children from 12 years old - 0.5-1 g 3-4 times a day.

Pantogam - dosage for adults

The scheme and recommendations on how to take Pantogam for adults are identical to those for pediatric patients, but the dosages in this case are higher. So, often the drug in the form of tablets is taken at 1.5-3 g per day, divided into several doses of 0.25-1 g. In the form of capsules, the drug is taken in an amount of no more than 2.4 g per day - 0.3- 0.9 g per dose. Be sure to take the medicine a few minutes after eating, which ensures good absorption and maximum therapeutic efficacy.

Depending on what Pantogam is prescribed for adult patients, the established doses are adjusted, for example:

• psycho-emotional overload - 0.25 g three times a day;
• hyperkinesis - 1.5–3 g daily;
• cerebrovascular insufficiency - 0.25 g 3-4 times a day.

How long should I take Pantogam?

How to take Pantogam, with what duration of course treatment, is determined by the speed of achieving a therapeutic effect, after which the likelihood of an undesirable hyperstimulating effect increases. On average, therapy takes 1.5-2 months. In some cases, a second course is required, which is prescribed no earlier than 3 months later.

Pantogam side effects

Pantogam tablets, syrup and capsules can cause the following side effects:

• drowsiness;
• sleep disorders;
• noise in the head;
• allergic manifestations (skin rash, runny nose, conjunctivitis).

Often, the drug is well tolerated due to the low degree of toxicity, and unwanted neurological symptoms can be observed only at the beginning of the course of treatment. Therefore, in the first days of taking the remedy, it is recommended to refuse to drive a car and work related to the control of other mechanisms. Undesirable effects, consisting in an increase in the symptoms of an existing disease, for the treatment of which Pantogam is prescribed, can be observed if the drug is taken incorrectly. If allergic reactions develop, the medication should be discontinued.

This nootropic, which improves brain function by normalizing blood circulation and supplying the body with pantothenic acid, began to be used in Soviet times. For almost fifty years, Pantogam has been helping people improve cognitive abilities, memory, and attention. The drug did not immediately, but rather quickly, also began to be used for the treatment of children and adolescents with mental retardation and mental retardation. The results exceeded all expectations: in some cases, "Pantogam" was a stimulus due to which the child spoke. This article provides information from the instructions and reviews of "Pantogam" for children and adults. Possible side effects, special instructions for taking, drug interactions and the opinion of doctors about the drug - all you need to know before you start taking it.

Composition and form of release

The drug is available in the form:

• tablets of white color without taste and smell;
• sweetened syrup for children;
• capsules for adults "Pantogam Active".

Each form of release contains a different amount of calcium hopantenate. This is the main active ingredient of the drug. For the first time, the nootropic effect of this substance was discovered in the Soviet years. Since then, the drug has undergone many studies and is still actively used in neurological and psychiatric practice for the treatment of children and adults.

Indications for use

Instructions for use "Pantogam" for children (reviews confirm the effectiveness of the drug in the diseases listed below) reports that the drug has the following indications for use:

• impaired mental function;
• delayed speech development;
• mental retardation;
• general underdevelopment of speech;
• early childhood autism;
• hyperactivity disorder and attention deficit disorder.

For babies from two months, you can use the drug in the form of a syrup. From five years and older - in tablet form (it is advisable to use a dosage of 250 mg, since a dose of 500 mg is too high for a child).

Instructions for use "Pantogam" (reviews confirm the effectiveness of the drug in the following diseases) reports that the drug has the following indications for use for adults:

• period of abstinence and hangover syndrome;
• restoration of cognitive functions and memory after a stroke, head and spine injuries;
• violations of memory, speech, attention for unknown reasons;
• prevention of extrapyramidal syndromes that have arisen while taking antipsychotics;
• atherosclerotic changes in the vessels of the brain with subsequent circulatory disorders in it;
• problems with urination and defecation of neurogenic origin.

Side effects

The drug quite often causes side effects in the first week of admission, this is confirmed by numerous reviews. The instruction to "Pantogam" reports that the following negative reactions may occur:

• on the part of the digestive tract: diarrhea, nausea, pain in the epigastric region, mild toxic effect on the liver, rarely - a violation of the outflow of bile, constipation;
• from the endocrine system - weight loss or weight gain due to changes in appetite;
• from the nervous system: increased anxiety, suspiciousness, unreasonable irritability and aggression (especially in the first two weeks of admission), in some patients - drowsiness and excessive manifestation of a sedative effect;
• it is possible to develop allergic reactions in case of individual intolerance to calcium hopantenate (rash, pruritus, urticaria, nausea).

Contraindications for use

In the presence of the following diseases and conditions, taking the drug is prohibited even in small doses:

• chronic renal failure at any stage;
• chronic pyelonephritis and glomerulonephritis during the period of exacerbation;
• psychotic states;
• the state of acute alcoholic delirium;
• pregnancy; children's age up to two years (when taking the tablet form).

Special instructions for admission

Neurologists emphasize that one should not expect miracles from taking Pantogam, a noticeable effect begins only after two to three weeks of therapy. During this time, the body adapts to doses of calcium hopantenate, which often leads to side effects.

Doctors note that "Pantogam" usually goes well with many psychotropic drugs - neuroleptics, tranquilizers, antidepressants. It is strictly forbidden to independently prescribe such a course of treatment for yourself, since some drugs can enhance or completely nullify the effect of Pantogam. Only an experienced psychiatrist or neuropathologist can draw up a dense course based on Pantogam and other psychotropic drugs in such a way that it benefits the patient.

Reviews about the use of "Pantogam" are often negative due to the many side effects and lack of therapeutic effect. Here is a list of simple tips from neurologists and psychiatrists, following which you can get the maximum therapeutic effect from taking the drug:

1. You should never combine the reception of "Pantogam" with alcoholic beverages. Moreover - at the time of treatment it is best to completely abandon the use of alcohol. Ethyl alcohol is the strongest depressant and makes taking Pantogam almost completely useless. This medicine is often prescribed as part of complex therapy for people with alcohol dependence to restore damaged brain cells after drinking binges.
2. Often there is a need to take "Pantogam" in conjunction with tranquilizing drugs, especially in the first weeks. It is impossible to choose medicines on your own, since all tranquilizers and sedatives are very different in terms of the principle of action on the nervous system.
3. Against the background of taking "Pantogam" you can not sit on a strict diet. The brain will starve without enough carbohydrates, and there will be no sense in taking the medicine. It is necessary to provide yourself with a balanced diet, which contains plenty of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. If "Pantogam" is taken by a child, it is necessary to ensure that he is fully fed.

Reviews of neuropathologists about the treatment of children with RRR

Delayed speech development is a common pathology in children from one to five. Sometimes babies outgrow the problem, sometimes they don't. The success of therapy largely depends on the environment and activities with speech therapists.

Reviews of "Pantogam" for children with delayed speech development confirm that the imitation of articulation becomes better for kids, they begin to memorize more actively and enter new phrases into the dictionary. In some cases, the drug helps the child finally speak in sentences. Reviews about "Pantogam" for children with speech problems are mostly positive, but some parents were not satisfied with the effect of the medicine. This is due to a large number of side effects.

Reviews of psychiatrists about the treatment of children with mental retardation

The delay in psycho-speech development in a child is expressed not only in problems with speech, but also in problems with self-service, adequate behavior, learning ability. This is a difficult diagnosis, which over time can result in mental retardation. Reviews of Pantogam syrup for children report that the remedy does not always help with ZPR. In some cases, improvements are noticeable, and sometimes not.

Older children are given Pantogam tablets. Reviews of such therapy are mostly positive: high dosages of the active substance usually make the child more adaptable to life, if side effects do not develop. Alas, sometimes when taking Pantogam, excessive hyperactivity is observed, and in some babies, on the contrary, drowsiness. Therefore, the drug has to be canceled.

"Pantogam" for children with autism: reviews of doctors

Autism is a complex diagnosis, which, alas, is not subject to therapy. Reviews of Pantogam syrup by psychiatrists confirm that in some cases, the drug helps to push the development of speech.

For older children with autism, pills are prescribed. If the child does not experience side effects, the therapy bears fruit: the quality of articulation improves, the baby becomes more adapted to society. In parallel with "Pantogam" for the treatment of small autistic people, "Glycine", "Sonapax", "Pikamilon" are often prescribed.

Increasing the resistance of the brain to oxygen starvation and reducing the impact of toxic substances on it are the main properties of the drug.

Pantogam has an anticonvulsant and mild sedative effect. Along with this, it is able to gently increase performance (both mental and physical). Inhibits pathological tension of the muscles of the gallbladder and bladder.

Adult patients note the beneficial effect of the drug in chronic fatigue syndrome, insomnia, and stressful situations.

The price of the drug

Pantogam in tablets of 250 mg costs from 272 rubles. for packing.
Pantogam in tablets of 500 mg costs from 464 rubles. for packing.
Pantogam, syrup 10% - 100 ml costs from 286 rubles. for a bottle.
Pantogam Active in capsules of 300 mg - costs from 322 rubles. for packing.

Reviews

Due to speech problems, the neurologist prescribed us to drink Pantogam 2 times a day and work with a speech therapist. Such treatment gave a good result, the daughter's vocabulary became larger, she even began to speak in simple sentences. There were no adverse reactions, no allergies.

Last year, the son began to wet the bed, and he is already 5 years old. We tried different methods of treatment, as a result we settled on physiotherapy and taking Pantogam. As a result, in 3 months the problem went away, the child is healthy physically and mentally.

Pantogam was prescribed to us by a doctor after our previous drug caused a severe allergy in a child! This drug was much better tolerated and for 2 courses of administration there were no allergic or other adverse reactions. Yes, and the result of the treatment only pleased.

A real salvation for parents of hyperactive children with attention deficit disorder. This happened at our house, when a child lost his temper, the roof was completely blown away, in the kindergarten there were only complaints about behavior. The neurologist prescribed Pantogam, after a month of admission, the picture changed dramatically. And sleep has improved, and behavior, and attention. My only regret is that I didn't go to a neurologist earlier. But many thanks to pantogam for the current normal state of the child.

Pantogam was prescribed to us for the treatment of stuttering. As the doctor explained to me, this was necessary in order to remove the block in the child's brain that arose due to a strong fright. I think that pantogam helped us. Now my daughter speaks normally.

We were prescribed Pantogam, plus physiotherapy, when the child had enuresis. At the end of the course, a tangible result was noticeable. Now this trouble has long been forgotten. So I am completely satisfied with the treatment, there are no negative consequences.

I have read the reviews. How many people, so many opinions. Personally, pantogam really came up to us and helped. Appointed because of the hyperactivity of the child. Drank several courses. There was no side effect. But the benefits of treatment are clear: the child is now much more calm, obedient, accommodating.

But pantogam didn’t suit us, there was such excitability from him - just utter horror. We switched to pantocalcin, and straight to the earth and sky - no excitability, and most importantly, the buzzwords went.

Pantogam helped us to adapt to lkindergarten. My son is a very impressionable boy, hard to perceive any changes whatsoever. Therefore, it was very difficult to get used to the garden - tantrums, sleep disturbances, tears for any reason. Pantogam helped to cope with the situation. After a two-month course, we go to the garden without any problems.

The son had a tone when they put him on his legs, he tightened his fingers, the neurologist prescribed pantogam. They gave it in the form of syrup, diluting it in juice or compote, the child drank and did not even notice, there were no problems with taking it. They also did a massage. It's all gone in a month. I was satisfied with the action of pantogam.

We were prescribed pantogam by a neurologist with a diagnosis of MMR. My daughter did not walk for a long time, she had severe hypotension, the consequences of hypoxia. Dosage per half tablet 250 mg twice a day. The dose had to be adjusted, because from a whole pill a day the daughter screamed like a cut one. As a result, they took half a tablet a day (a quarter per dose). The shifts are obvious after a month of taking the daughter began to walk by the handles) then there was a break for a month and again the course. At the end of taking the drug, the baby went by herself! I am satisfied with this drug, but when taking it I was very afraid of the consequences and carefully observed the behavior of my daughter. Particularly frightening are convulsions, which are only talked about on forums where parents of children with disabilities communicate. Moreover, many of them admit that it was precisely because of excessive stimulation with nootropics (including Pantogam) that Epilepsy began in children, and now doctors shrug. One bout = a big leap backwards. And the children were initially with developmental delays, which could possibly be compensated without drugs, but our neurologist prescribes nootropics to everyone. In general, it was very scary, but we drank, as the problems were obvious. I thank God that there are no consequences and I hope that I won’t have to take it anymore) Although it’s not a fact, because soon we are 2 years old, and we don’t talk. It is very scary to do harm, but even without them we cannot do anything. I wish health to all parents and their children!

We were prescribed pantogam for delayed speech development. We drank two courses lasting two months each. The leap in the development of the child is obvious - he is actively interested in the world around him, he began to talk much better, became more observant, attentive.

For half a year, our 3-year-old son could not get used to the garden. Every morning began with hysteria, then in the kindergarten the child became obsessed and did not contact anyone, waiting to be picked up. Not as quickly as we would like, but it was after Pantogam that he stopped crying and being naughty, he began to play with the children. In general, we were satisfied with this drug.

A good drug, we took it as prescribed by a neurologist for better adaptation to kindergarten. The teacher in the garden already in the second week of taking Pantogam noted significant changes. At the end of the course, the child became more attentive, focused, daytime and nighttime sleep improved.

Hello! The child is 5 months old. The cyst in the head began to increase. The neurologist prescribed Pantogam in the morning for 2.5 ml. I went to another, proven neurologist, he said that you still have to drink it, you just need to reduce the dose of 1 ml in the morning + elcar. I started giving again. 5 days of torment, the child is crazy. ((And so for 4 days. I stopped giving, but the convulsions and screams only decreased, but did not go away (((I am very worried that this is irreversible. Before taking the medicine, the child was smiling, calm and developed in accordance. I hate myself that I started giving this drug again (((

An allergic reaction is a purely individual matter. What works for one child may not work for another. My son had a rash on encephabolus. Replaced with pantogam. Everything is great. Already took several courses. The child (hyperactivity was diagnosed) became much more manageable.

Hello! My child had a rash all over his body after the drug. Has anyone had such a reaction?

Hello! My son is almost 6 years old. The neurologist prescribed pantogam 250 1 tab. twice a day. Is it possible to take pantogam 500 1/2 tab. twice a day?

Ruslan, good afternoon!
The same story, tell you the diagnosis was made? Did you find the reason? Thank you very much in advance!