What causes vomiting in children. Vomiting in a baby - the main causes and what to do about it. What to do in case of a health threatening condition

Nausea and vomiting are unpleasant phenomena for a patient of any age. They are not considered independent diseases, but only indicate the course of the pathological process inside the body. Nausea in a child can occur due to various reasons, which depend on his age, conditions of stay, systemic diseases and other circumstances.

Nausea is a sensation that precedes the reflex ejection of the contents of the stomach (less often, the duodenum) through the mouth and nasal passages (vomiting).

Regular nausea and vomiting in the morning in a child is an indication for hospitalization and a thorough examination.

Discomfort can be observed constantly (for some time), before or after meals, in the morning and under other circumstances. The doctor identifies the cause of the pathological condition depending on the regularity of manifestation, history data and the presence of other symptoms: for example, frequent morning sickness in a child is considered a clear sign of many pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract and central nervous system, as well as infections. In addition to decreased appetite and weakness, the symptom may be accompanied by other unpleasant signs.

Symptoms

Nausea in children is not necessarily accompanied by vomiting. For a long time, the child may feel only an unpleasant feeling of emptiness or fullness in the stomach and the periodic approach of gastric contents to the throat. Outward signs that parents may note include:

increased salivation;
cold palms and feet;
pallor of the face;
sweating (with severe attacks, cold sweat may appear on the skin);
weakness;
refusal of physical activity, sleep disturbances;
loss of appetite or, conversely, a constant feeling of hunger and thirst.

Over time, the condition may worsen to. Often, nausea is accompanied by diarrhea, fever (temperature 38 ° C and above), headache, dizziness, acute abdomen syndrome, chest pain, neck muscle stiffness, etc.

Causes

The most common causes of nausea in children are the following pathological conditions:

Indigestion or overeating. It is accompanied by a single vomiting and is the least dangerous for the health of the child.
. Characteristic signs of the condition are weakness, diarrhea, severe nausea and vomit until the stomach is completely empty. The first symptoms appear 2-5 hours after eating the food that caused the intoxication of the body.
Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In diseases of the stomach and pancreas (less often - the intestines), the occurrence of nausea is associated with the schedule of meals. Vomiting in a child in the morning is associated with severe hunger and increased acidity in the stomach, after eating - with enzyme deficiency.
Intestinal infections. The most common pathogens - rotaviruses, salmonella, adenoviruses, E. coli, staphylococci - enter the body through food, water, unwashed hands, when bathing, in contact with infected people and through shared toys. Infections are manifested by severe nausea, abdominal pain, profuse vomiting, diarrhea, and fever. Remains of food are found in the vomit.
Pathologies of the nervous system, increased intracranial pressure. Brain diseases (tumors, cysts, inflammation of the meninges, vascular disorders, etc.) are often manifested by nausea in the morning on an empty stomach, vomiting and headache. Nausea in the morning can be the first symptom of epilepsy, so it requires careful diagnosis.
Trauma and concussion. Mechanical damage to the meninges is manifested by weakness, drowsiness, loss of appetite, morning vomiting and nausea.
Weak vestibular apparatus. In this case, the child may become ill during trips, rides on carousels and other similar activities. Nausea is accompanied by blanching or redness of the face, impaired coordination and heart rate, dizziness, increased sensitivity to odors.
The presence of a foreign body in the esophagus and other parts of the gastrointestinal tract. The condition when a baby vomits without vomiting, that is, with a small amount of discharge, can be caused not only by constant irritation of a specific center in the central nervous system, but also by the presence of a foreign body inside the stomach, esophagus or intestines, which irritates the walls of the organ. With a large size of the object, the child complains of pain in the abdomen. Most often, the ingress of a foreign body is fixed in children 2-3 years old.
Surgical pathologies. Nausea and vomiting occur with inflammation of the appendix, peritonitis and intestinal obstruction. With appendicitis, these symptoms are the first signs of pathology, later pain appears in the side or near the navel, hyperthermia (fever) and problems with the stool.
Severe acute respiratory viral infections, influenza, childhood infections, inflammatory processes. Nausea in this case is an indirect symptom that indicates a general intoxication of the body.
Toxic effects of drugs. The ejection of stomach contents back into the mouth is a common side effect of many powerful medications, including antibiotics, antiretrovirals, and cytotoxic therapies.
. Roundworms, pinworms and other worms poison the patient's body with toxins, causing nausea. The symptom is accompanied by stool disorders, bloating and rumbling of the abdomen, abdominal pain, hyperthermia, and weakness. Less commonly, there are reactions of the central nervous system - dizziness, headache, nervous tic.
Stress, neurosis, mental illness. In response to crying or stress, a small child often reacts by rejecting food in the stomach. This is due to the tendency of the children's central nervous system to quickly overexcite. Older children may feel sick on the background of excitement in preparation for a responsible event, as well as mental disorders (bulimia).
Reaction to food. In young children, the rush of food back through the esophagus may be a response to a large amount of unfamiliar food.
Metabolic pathologies and food intolerance. The cause of childhood nausea is often some kind of metabolic disorder, such as diabetes. In infants, vomiting and frequent regurgitation can be associated with an allergy to formula milk or even breast milk. Older children often react with vomiting to the use of an allergen (milk, cereals, etc.).
Metabolic disorders, excess or lack of trace elements. Pathologies of calcium, sodium and potassium metabolism lead to the occurrence of a symptom, up to vomiting.
Motor activity after eating. Outdoor games immediately after eating often lead to nausea.
Dehydration. Fluid deficiency complicates sweating and cooling of the child's body, disturbs the balance of electrolytes and the release of toxins. All of these factors increase the risk of vomiting.
Hypoxia, overheating (sun or heat stroke). Lack of oxygen and high ambient temperature can cause discomfort in children. This happens especially often with children under 3-4 years old.
Chronic inflammation of the middle ear. Can lead to a reaction similar to motion sickness in transport. Vomiting is provoked by irritation of the ear receptors, which transmit an impulse to the brain.
A sharp drop in blood pressure. It is observed with vegetovascular dystonia and can cause nausea. Most often recorded in prepubertal children and adolescents.

Only a doctor can identify the cause. To do this, he needs accurate information about the time of eating before the onset of the symptom, the frequency of its manifestation, the presence of other pathological signs (pain, stool disorders, rashes, etc.), the names and regimens of medications that the child drinks. To clarify the diagnosis, a comprehensive diagnosis is carried out, including:

general clinical, hormonal and biochemical analyzes of urine and blood;
instrumental diagnostics (X-ray, ultrasound, MRI, endoscopy of organs, encephalography);
consultation with narrow specialists (neurologist, gastroenterologist, endocrinologist, allergist, infectious disease specialist, surgeon, etc.).

What to do

The treatment regimen for nausea and vomiting depends on the cause of their occurrence. The removal of these symptoms most often does not affect the main pathology. If nausea is accompanied by vomiting, then parents need to take the following measures:

Lay the child on its side so that the food masses do not enter the respiratory tract.
Assess the danger of the situation and decide on the need to call a doctor at home. If vomiting was 1 time, and the general condition of the child remains satisfactory (there are no disturbances in appetite and stool, lethargy, pallor, crying or complaints of pain), then the consultation with the pediatrician can be rescheduled for the next day. If pathological symptoms are observed or vomiting has been repeated, a doctor should be called immediately. The pediatrician will assess the patient's condition, determine the need for inpatient treatment or prescribe therapy and the necessary studies.
Before the arrival of the doctor, drink the child with water to prevent massive loss of fluid and intoxication. Water needs to be given little and often. Infants (up to a year) should be given no more than 2 tsp. liquid every 3-5 minutes, children 1-3 years old - up to 1 tbsp. l. water with the same frequency, older than 3 years - up to 2 tbsp. l. every 5 minutes. The amount of liquid that a child should drink per day is 100-150 ml per 1 kg of its own weight. With sharp pains in the abdomen or poisoning with a foaming liquid, it is impossible to drink the patient.
Replenish the loss of mineral salts and glucose. With severe vomiting, not only the liquid is lost, but also the chemical compounds necessary for the body. To compensate for these losses, you can use special solutions (Rehydron, glucose) or their own prepared replacement (2 tbsp sugar, 1 tsp salt and 0.5 tsp soda per 1 liter of warm water).
If the child is poisoned by bad food, then it is necessary to pour up to 300 ml of water into the stomach and induce vomiting by pressing on the root of the tongue. Then put a bottle of cold water on your stomach. In case of food poisoning, it is allowed to give the patient activated charcoal (1 tablet per 10 kg of body weight) or other sorbents, but this is not recommended for chemical poisoning.

In what cases it is necessary to call an ambulance immediately:

with a rapid deterioration in the condition of the child;
in the presence of indomitable repeated vomiting, high fever, diarrhea, convulsions, blood impurities in the stool, rare urination, severe abdominal pain, fainting;
with suspicion of swallowing a foreign body;
in case of poisoning with household chemicals (masses going in the opposite direction with self-induced vomiting aggravate the burn of the mucous membrane);
when vomiting with blood impurities (pink, scarlet, brown or coffee color of the masses indicates bleeding in the stomach or esophagus).

When calling an ambulance, you need to clearly describe the problem to the dispatcher, clarify the drug that poisoned the child, or a list of pathological symptoms, and then listen to the recommendations that must be followed before the brigade arrives. In case of poisoning, the label of the household product or medication is handed over to the doctor.

First aid for vomiting, which parents can provide to a child, does not include self-correction of nutrition and taking medication to relieve the symptom.

Antiemetic drugs are prescribed according to indications and only after consultation with a doctor. Each clinical case requires clarification of the circumstances and adequate therapeutic measures. You should not refuse to hospitalize the child if the pediatrician recommends diagnosis or treatment in a hospital setting.

Prevention

To prevent nausea, you must:

do not overfeed the child, especially in a state of stress or when introducing food unfamiliar to him;
monitor the composition, expiration date and condition (presence of signs of improper storage) of products in the children's diet;
thoroughly wash vegetables and fruits before eating, teach the child to do this;
subject fish, meat and poultry to heat treatment until fully cooked;
monitor the child's hygiene and teach older children to wash their hands and take care of themselves;
treat children's dishes and things with boiling water;
timely treat pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, nervous and endocrine systems, infectious diseases;
avoid contact of the child with family members infected with infectious diseases;
do preventive vaccinations (in case of illness at the time of vaccination, skip the vaccination and do it through the allowed period after recovery);
strengthen the immunity of the younger family member, monitor the amount of vitamins and minerals in his diet;
to form a diet, stimulating the production of enzymes and gastric juice by the time of eating;
prevent starvation of the child;
train the vestibular apparatus (roll on a swing, trampoline, etc.), after consulting with a doctor;
1-2 hours before a trip or flight, use special means to relieve nausea, with a mild degree of motion sickness, take refreshing sweets or sour apples with you;
pay attention to the psychological state of the younger family member, avoid screaming in the presence of and in relation to the child, if necessary, use soothing herbal infusions.

Healthy children must undergo preventive medical examinations according to the schedule indicated by the doctor. When you are registered with a narrow specialist, you must visit him once in the appointed period (1-6 months).

When vomiting occurs in a baby after feeding, inexperienced parents begin to panic and immediately call a doctor. Is such a precaution necessary or was it just regurgitation, how to tell? Today on the agenda - what are the causes of pathological vomiting in newborns and what should be the first emergency care for vomiting in a baby?

Feeding a newborn is a real happiness, but it is fraught with many difficulties.

Why does vomiting occur in newborns?

The first month of a baby's life is an amazing and difficult period for him, when he gets used to a new environment for him, when his internal organs undergo final adjustment. This period is even more difficult for his parents, who perceive any minor troubles as serious problems. If the baby vomits, the parents believe that he is seriously ill.

Vomiting in itself is not an independent disease, but it is a symptom (and often the most important) in various diseases. It is possible to identify its cause only after a detailed study.

Attention! Pediatricians consider single vomiting without other symptoms to be the norm for all newborns. It is taken as the reaction of the child's body to new food or other external stimuli, and often it is unpredictable.

Causes of vomiting in infants

If vomiting in a newborn after feeding or at other times occurs frequently, in combination with other alarming symptoms, his health worsens, then this condition can no longer be considered harmless. Especially dangerous are repeated vomiting dehydration.

Important! There are a lot of diseases that cause frequent vomiting in babies, they are all very dangerous. At the first suspicion that something is wrong, you need to contact a medical institution for help in order to start treatment as soon as possible.

The most common reasons:

lactose deficiency;
SARS, influenza;
pneumonia;
otitis media;
various injuries;
metabolic disease;
food poisoning;
intestinal obstruction;
intracranial pressure;
neoplasms;
diabetic ketoacidosis;
hydrocephalus;
encephalitis;
uremia;
SDS (Shaken Baby Syndrome);
severe gastroenteritis;
strangulated hernia;
meningitis;
sepsis;
respiratory infections;
urinary tract infections;
concussion;
appendicitis;
necric enterocolitis;
intussusception;
pyloric stenosis.

Vomiting or regurgitation - how to distinguish?

Problems, as you can see, are different, but according to statistics, all these diseases in the first months of life are not so common. Much more often there is a slight vomiting in the crumbs after feeding due to the fact that he has not yet fully formed the peristalsis of the stomach. This condition is called regurgitation and occurs in almost all newborns.

Spitting up in all newborns is normal.

How to distinguish vomiting from regurgitation in infants? The physiological process differs from the pathological one in the following ways:

when spitting up, there is no gagging;
the amount of rejected food is very small;
regurgitation happens no more than 3 times a day;
the baby normally increases in weight;
regurgitation disappears gradually without any treatment.

Attention! It is not difficult even for parents with minimal experience to determine vomiting or regurgitation. Spitting up occurs immediately after eating or within an hour. It is a single dose, with it milk or water is released. Vomiting is repeated, in the vomit, yellowish discharge due to bile.

Regurgitation is a natural process: air comes out of the stomach, the body says that the digestive system is working normally. Nothing bothers the baby, he is developing, cheerful, sociable - there is no reason for concern. With vomiting, everything is different: the child is whiny, restless, it is noticeable that he is ill.

Pathological vomiting in infants

Mothers should be careful to detect in time that something is wrong with their babies. Due to the fact that vomiting in infants after feeding is a fairly common occurrence, sometimes parents do not attach importance to many other disturbing facts, namely:

the baby is not gaining weight well or the weight has stopped altogether;
vomiting continues for too long, sometimes up to three hours;
nausea in a child is constant, for no apparent reason;
when vomiting, the newborn begins to choke, cough.

Attention! If vomiting goes away with blanching of the skin and the temperature rises, the child is lethargic, refuses to eat - these are very dangerous symptoms. An ambulance should be called immediately!

Consider the main types of pathological vomiting in infants:

Nausea is accompanied by extremely high fever. Existing symptoms indicate the development of a viral infection, colds, poisoning. The baby is covered with sudden vomiting, he loses his appetite, weakness occurs. After assessing the condition of the crumbs, the doctor directs therapy to treat the underlying disease, bring down the temperature, replenish fluid in a small body and light nutrition.
Sometimes vomiting and fever can have a different origin. If before that the baby was, for example, prescribed an antibiotic, then vomiting is an allergic reaction to this drug. The attending physician should be notified of this in order to prescribe another remedy, and the medication should be stopped before a visit to the doctor.
Vomiting may be associated with diarrhea. The occurrence of these symptoms indicates poisoning, intestinal or viral infection, early introduction of complementary foods. If they are intense, you need to call an ambulance. A baby loses fluid much faster than an adult, so you should protect him from developing dehydration. Treatment focuses on rehydration. Antibiotics are prescribed in serious cases, with a less severe course of the disease - antimicrobials.
The baby may vomit in a fountain. The reason for this is aerophagia. This is the phenomenon of swallowing air and it refers to neuroses. Regurgitation is considered a normal process, but sometimes it is a sign of some ailments associated with anomalies in the structure of the digestive system. Parents should be alerted to vomiting with a fountain with a much larger amount of vomit than the child ate. If the baby is naughty at the same time, this should serve as a signal to call the doctor.

What to do if the baby vomits?

Let the physiological regurgitation and the normal state, but can it be prevented? Experienced mothers recommend:

Make sure that before feeding the crumb was in a calm state. Mom also should not be nervous, as the child feels everything. It is good to put the baby on the tummy or stroke him on the stomach. You can massage the navel area.
It is necessary to ensure that when feeding the baby's head is not thrown back, so that his nose is clean and breathes freely.
We make sure that the baby takes the mother's breast correctly. He must grab it along with the areola, so that his lower lip is slightly everted.
With artificial feeding, it is advisable to use special bottles that have the function of preventing the swallowing of excess air.
After feeding, you do not need to carry out any active actions with the baby. It is important to attach it at this time vertically to the heart and gently pat on the back.
Make sure that the baby does not overeat, because regurgitation also happens from elementary overfeeding.

When vomiting, it is important to calm the baby so that he does not scream

Regurgitation is easily corrected, but pathological vomiting is different. Vomiting can last up to 1-2 days. At this time, the baby is threatened with dehydration, so it is important to ensure that he receives enough fluids.

Attention! If the baby in a painful condition does not refuse the breast, then you need to continue to feed him as usual. Water should be given in very small portions (one spoon each) so that the attacks do not repeat again.

All home treatments for vomiting are only suitable for those cases when it occurs once, is not systemic. If the poor condition of the crumbs persists for a long time, there is no improvement, then you need to seek medical help.

All existing medical remedies for the treatment of vomiting are not suitable for the smallest citizens, so they cannot be used on their own. Only a pediatrician should assess the condition of the baby and prescribe certain drugs. Parents, on the other hand, can surround their child with attention and love, and this is the best way to cope in difficult situations. Don't worry, everything will be fine! Be healthy!

Nausea and vomiting are unpleasant symptoms for a person at any age, but especially for a child. Such manifestations do not belong to independent diseases, they are signs of disorders and pathological processes in the body. In children, they arise under the influence of completely different reasons, which correlate with living conditions, systemic diseases and other circumstances.

Causes of nausea with vomiting in infants

Newborns and infants often spit up, do not confuse physiological processes with real vomiting, which requires specialist advice and treatment.

Reasons for very young children:

This is an exit defect in the stomach, that is, a too small narrow opening between the small intestine and the stomach, which prevents food from entering the intestine normally. At the same time, the child vomits with a fountain, its volume may exceed the amount of food eaten in the first 2-4 weeks of life.

The attack occurs immediately after eating, vomiting is copious with bile impurities. In addition, the baby does not gain weight, he is constantly naughty, goes to the toilet a little.

Only plastic surgery will help.

Spasm of the pylorus - pylorospasm

This pathology develops due to inadequate maturation of neuromuscular connections, when there is an untimely relaxation of the muscle after feeding. Usually this disorder is diagnosed in girls.

Vomiting is periodic, from the first days of life, but the volume is small. The mass consists of what is eaten with an admixture of bile. The baby does not lose weight from this, but the set slows down.

The main help is frequent feeding in small volumes, observation of a pediatrician and a neurologist.

Intussusception - bowel obstruction

With such a pathology, it is impossible to listen to intestinal motility, the child turns pale, screams, does not allow touching the tummy. Requires emergency care and surgery.

It should be understood that persistent vomiting in newborns is a dangerous condition that requires professional medical attention.

Causes in children from one year and older

Older children already react more vividly to the deterioration of their health, show concern, anxiety. Main reasons:

Food or chemical poisoning

There is weakness, diarrhea, nausea with vomiting until the stomach is completely empty. The first signs of poisoning develop 2-5 hours after eating, which provoked a similar condition.

Concussion, head injury

Mechanical damage to the brain is often characterized by weakness, severe drowsiness, lack of appetite, vomiting, and nausea.

Psychoneurotic disorders, high intracranial pressure

Diseases of the brain, such as cysts, inflammation of the membranes, vascular disorders, are often characterized by nausea of varying intensity, especially in the morning, vomiting and headaches. Constant nausea in the morning may be the first sign of developing epilepsy, be sure to show the child to a specialist.

Overeating, food intolerance

Metabolic disorders often cause nausea, vomiting from the allergen.

Intestinal infection

The most common microbes that provoke intestinal infections are rotaviruses, adenoviruses, salmonella, E. coli, staphylococci. They enter the body with water, food, through unwashed hands, while swimming in the river, in contact with infected people or their things. The disease is manifested by nausea, severe frequent vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and high fever. In the mass you can see the remnants of food.

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

In diseases of the stomach and intestines, nausea is associated with meals. In the morning, vomiting develops in case of severe hunger and acidity in the stomach, and after eating - with enzyme deficiency.

Weakened vestibular apparatus

With such a violation, the child may become ill in transport, on carousels. Nausea is always accompanied by pale skin, problems with coordination, palpitations, dizziness, increased perception of smells.

Foreign body in the esophagus

If vomiting is without abundant release of a mass with a small amount of mucus, then the condition may be triggered by the presence of a foreign body in the stomach, intestines or esophagus, which irritates the mucous membranes. In the case of a large object, the stomach hurts.

Surgical pathologies

Similar symptoms occur in the case of an inflammatory process in the appendix, with peritonitis or intestinal obstruction. In such situations, surgery is required.

Severe SARS

Nausea is an indirect sign of the disease, it indicates a general intoxication in the child's body.

Toxic effects of drugs

Vomiting is a common side effect of many powerful medications. These are antibiotics, cytotoxic therapy drugs, antiretroviral drugs.

Worm infestation

Worms poison the body with toxins, causing nausea and severe vomiting. Symptoms are accompanied by problems with stools, rumbling and bloating, pain and general weakness.

Overheating, hypoxia

A lack of oxygen in the body or a high temperature outside in a child can provoke discomfort, especially under the age of 4 years.

Chronic inflammatory process in the middle ear

This disorder often provokes malaise and vomiting under the influence of irritation of the ear receptors, which deliver an impulse to the brain.

A sharp jump in pressure

For a child's body, a sharp drop in blood pressure is an uncharacteristic condition, this happens with vegetative-vascular dystonia, which provokes nausea, is more often observed among children over 12 years old.

Varieties of vomiting

The allocated mass is classified by type. This allows you to determine the severity of the pathology and diagnose a specific disease, choose a treatment.

When vomiting is not accompanied by a high temperature, it may be a sign of damage to the gastrointestinal tract, indicate a violation of metabolic processes, intoxication or poisoning, and problems of the nervous system.

The character and shade differs depending on the condition.

Mucus admixture

Vomiting with mucus is more likely to occur due to:

rotavirus, influenza;
pathologies of the central nervous system;
exacerbation of chronic forms of gastritis;
malnutrition;
food poisoning;
acute inflammatory process in the stomach - for example, after taking drugs that irritate the mucous membrane.

For infants, the admixture of mucus is considered the norm. Vomiting worries children due to malnutrition, as a result of overeating, and mucus enters from the nasopharynx and bronchi.

With blood

Blood appears under the following conditions:

bleeding in the pharynx, esophagus, mouth or upper stomach, then the vomit becomes scarlet;
disease or erosion in the stomach, duodenum - the blood becomes dark in color due to exposure to hydrochloric acid;
poisoning with cauterizing poisons, poisonous mushrooms;
the entry of a foreign body into the body, which damages the mucous membranes of the digestive tract, causing bleeding.

In any case described, emergency care, hospitalization is required.

Babies also vomit with blood. The cause may be blood that enters the milk from cracks in the mother's nipples.

With bile

It is this variety that occurs most often in children. In this case, the vomit acquires a yellow-green tint. This condition occurs in the following situations:

binge eating;
severe food poisoning;
overeating junk food.

Vomiting is also classified into the following varieties:

hepatogenic;
psychogenic;
cardiac;
abdominal;
diabetic;
renal;
acetonemic;
cerebral.

In addition, it is customary to separate primary and secondary vomiting. The primary one develops under the influence of malnutrition, and the secondary one becomes a sign of various pathologies: somatic, endocrine, infectious, etc.

The doctor should diagnose the type of vomiting, self-medication in any condition threatens the health of the baby. The child needs to be seen by a specialist.

Help and treatment rules

The process of treating nausea is to eliminate the cause itself. In case of poisoning, detoxification, gastric lavage is carried out. In the case of the formation of tumors, with pyloric stenosis or intestinal obstruction, surgery is needed.

Symptomatic therapy consists in taking antiemetic drugs, following the prescribed diet. In case of severe fluid loss - intravenous administration of saline, solutions with electrolytes.

Even when an unpleasant symptom is not provoked by a specific disease, and the temperature remains normal, vomiting causes damage to the child's body. This condition leads to dehydration and injury to the mucosa in the digestive tract. To prevent the consequences, first aid is required.

You need to know what to do in case of nausea with vomiting before the child is examined by a doctor. The right tactics will help to avoid irreversible consequences and improve well-being. Procedure:

Lay him on his side, placing a pillow under his head, and a towel under his cheek and chin in case of a second attack.
You can't feed.
Antipyretics are used in the form of rectal suppositories and only if the indicators rise to 38 ° C.
At the time of the attack, put on your knees, tilt slightly forward so that vomiting does not enter the lungs.
After an attack, rinse your mouth with clean cool water, wash and change clothes.
Keep calm if the child sees your fear, confusion, lack of understanding of what needs to be done, starts to worry even more, which will only aggravate the situation.
Action must be swift, calm and decisive. It is important to support the baby with affectionate words, cheer him up.
After an attack, you can drink a few sips of plain water or saline - Gastrolit, Regidron. Cook according to instructions.
For prevention, take Smecta for children, it will bind and remove toxins from the body.

Treatment depending on the cause

If the child is constantly sick and vomits, the general state of health worsens, you need to go to the hospital. Measures depend on the diagnosis:

food poisoning - gastric lavage, restorative treatment and detoxification;
infections - detoxification, antibiotic therapy;
exacerbations in case of infringement of a hernia, with acute appendicitis - surgery;
head injury, concussion - bed rest, complete rest, prevention of cerebral edema;
mental disorders accompanied by vomiting - psychotherapy, psychoneurotic therapy.

Vomiting drugs for children

Only after an accurate diagnosis, the doctor prescribes medication. They allow you to alleviate the symptoms and block the influence of the causes on the body. Antiemetic drugs are usually prescribed to help relieve spasms and have a positive effect on brain function. These include Motilium, Cerucal, Domperidon. Also recommended drugs:

Glucose-salt solutions to prevent severe dehydration - Gastrolit, Regidron, Hydrovit.
Sorbents for cleansing the stomach - Enterosgel, Polysorb.
Sedative barbiturates - are prescribed at the age of up to 1 year, are indicated for severe crying, which enhances the gag reflex. The medicine is recommended to be given when vomiting cannot come out normally due to the child's tantrum.
Antipsychotics - help to stop the etiology of cerebral vomiting.
Antibiotics - are prescribed only according to indications with an appropriate diagnosis.

If used incorrectly, self-medication, any drug can only worsen the situation. For proper treatment, diagnosis and prescription from a doctor is required.

ethnoscience

To stop nausea with vomiting, you can use proven traditional medicine:

A decoction of peppermint. A tablespoon of mint in a glass of boiling water. Leave the mixture for several hours, filter and drink a large spoonful three times a day.
Melissa decoction. Take a large spoonful of grass and pour a glass of boiling water, leave for 5 hours. Drink the remedy 2 teaspoon 4 times a day before meals. The decoction effectively relieves nausea and helps to normalize the work of the stomach.
Dill seeds. Pour a teaspoon of dill seeds into 250 ml of boiling water and simmer for several minutes over low heat. The decoction is used for nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, flatulence.
Decoction on the root of valerian. Take a small spoonful of chopped root, pour 200 ml of boiling water, boil for about 10 minutes over low heat. Strain the remedy and drink 2-3 times a day for a tablespoon.
Collection of herbs - peppermint, chamomile, lemon balm. Take and mix all the ingredients in equal proportions. Pour a tablespoon of the resulting collection with a glass of boiling water, cover and let stand for 30 minutes. Strain the broth and drink three times a day for a tablespoon.

How to prevent seizures

To prevent the development of nausea with bouts of vomiting, follow the rules:

do not overfeed the child;
follow the composition, shelf life and rules of storage of products;
wash fruits and vegetables thoroughly before eating;
bring fish, meat to full readiness;
teach the child to wash their hands before eating, after the street, explain why this should be done;
timely treat diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, infections;
avoid contact with people infected with the infection;
vaccinate on time;
strengthen immunity, monitor the sufficient inclusion of minerals and vitamins in the diet;
organize the right diet, do not let us starve;
try to conduct training for the vestibular apparatus - roll the baby on a swing, walk on trampolines;
before the flight, use special means to prevent nausea 2 hours before the flight;
pay attention to the psychological state of the child, do not yell at him, in stressful situations, you can give a calming tea.

It must be clearly understood that vomiting in most cases is a symptom of disturbances in the functioning of the body. With a timely response and proper first aid, irreversible consequences can be avoided. The child reacts violently to any negative influences, so the main goal is to help him feel confident and secure.

Vomiting in infants in most cases signals congenital pathologies of the digestive and nervous systems, and in older children it is caused mainly by food poisoning or an infection that has entered the intestinal tract.

Vomiting in a child is characterized by a sharp ejection of the contents of the stomach through the mouth in response to an impulse sent by the medulla oblongata. Vomiting in a child is a protective reaction of the body to adverse factors. Thanks to vomiting, the internal organs are freed from toxic or non-decomposing substances that have entered them. But the child is greatly depleted both mentally and physically.

Symptoms of vomiting in a child

In the emetic reaction, despite its simplicity, many organs are involved: abdominal muscles, stomach, esophagus, diaphragm, brain. Vomiting is preceded by such unpleasant symptoms:

weakness and pallor of the body;
cardiopalmus;
intermittent breathing;
increased sweating;
an abundance of saliva in the oral cavity;
dizziness.

Vomiting is especially dangerous in newborns who do not yet know how to hold their heads. In newborns, the swallowing mechanism is not fully formed, therefore, in the process of exiting vomit, the airways may become clogged. But parents should distinguish between vomiting and the usual regurgitation of excess food from the stomach: regurgitation is a normal function in infants, while a small amount of food mass comes out, the stomach and diaphragm do not tense up.

What causes vomiting in a child?

Vomiting in a child, in fact, does not belong to independent diseases. This is a sign of pathologies of internal organs. By itself, vomiting in a child is not particularly terrible, but it is important to take it into account so as not to miss the disease hidden in the body. If the child vomits very often, the mother needs to show him to the doctor. You can’t self-medicate, only a pediatrician will determine the exact cause of the baby’s malaise and prescribe suitable medications. The most common causes of vomiting in children are:

Food poisoning. The child vomits as a result of harmful, unwashed, spoiled food entering the digestive tract. The contents of the stomach can come out already half an hour after the child has consumed a low-quality product. Food poisoning begins abruptly, but quickly passes, accompanied by diarrhea, increased sweating, acute pain in the abdomen.
An infection in the intestines. When pathogens enter the child's intestinal system, vomiting, severe, high, become common symptoms. If the infection was due to poor hygiene or an acute respiratory illness, then the malaise disappears after a few days. If a dysentery bacillus, salmonella or other pathogenic bacteria have settled in the intestines, the child needs long-term inpatient treatment. But the causative agent of hepatitis is most dangerous for children.
Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Regular profuse vomiting is accompanied by many acute inflammatory diseases of the stomach, intestines and liver: gastritis, pancreatitis, colitis, hepatitis, cholecystitis. At the same time, bile and mucous secretions are present in the vomit, but diarrhea and high body temperature are not observed. Diseases of the digestive tract in young children can be congenital or associated with stress, nervous shocks, poor nutrition and poor lifestyle.
Congenital defects of the digestive system. If a baby already in the very first months of life suffers from constant profuse vomiting, then most likely he has congenital pathologies of the structure and functioning of the digestive organs that require the intervention of doctors: intestinal obstruction, cardiospasm, pyloric stenosis, pylorospasm. The baby is sick after every meal, his body is quickly dehydrated and loses weight, the temperature remains normal.
Disorders in the work of the nervous system. Vomiting in a child caused by congenital or acute disorders in the work of the central nervous system is called cerebral. In children, it is provoked by birth traumatic brain injury, hypoxia and asphyxia during uterine development, meningitis, encephalitis, epilepsy, brain tumors. Cerebral vomiting occurs suddenly, accompanied by dizziness, migraine. The kid is drenched in cold sweat, turns pale, falls into a pre-fainting state.
An attack of appendicitis. Prolonged vomiting (key) with high fever and severe stabbing pain in the right side indicates an exacerbation of appendicitis. The child needs to urgently call an ambulance. And if the baby produces deep gag reflexes, but the food mass does not come out of the mouth, most likely, some kind of foreign body is stuck in his esophagus.
Mental disorders. Constant vomiting in a preschool child can also be associated with neuroses. Malaise often occurs in children who are anxious, easily excited, capricious, emotional, conflict, and also suffering from serious mental illnesses. In order to overcome vomiting in this situation, it is necessary to get rid of a neurotic disease in a baby. Only a psychotherapist can help parents with this.
Metabolic disorders. As a result, the concentration of uric acid, which is highly toxic, often increases in the child's body. The child suffers from profuse vomiting that does not go away for several days, headache, weakness and dehydration. The main symptom of pathology is a clear smell of acetone from the mouth. More often, children from two years of age suffer from acetone vomiting; in infants, it is practically not observed.
Motion sickness in transport. Motion sickness syndrome with sudden vomiting usually occurs in young children while driving a car or riding on attractions. The younger the baby, the more he is rocked. This is due to the gradual development of the vestibular apparatus in infants.

Vomiting in a child without fever

If profuse vomiting in a child is not accompanied by a rise in temperature, then this is not a separate disease that requires special treatment. This is a manifestation of one of the deviations:

diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
deviations in metabolic processes;
poisoning with toxins: a reaction to drugs, food poisoning - in these cases, the patient begins to vomit after he eats or after taking a certain drug;
in the event of serious problems in the nervous system, you can notice changes in the behavior of the child: excessive capriciousness, uncontrollability appear, sleep worsens and appetite disappears;

If a child vomits in the morning without raising the temperature, it indicates problems with the central nervous system. Evening and nighttime vomiting signals problems with the stomach.

Child has vomiting and fever

High danger carries vomiting, accompanied by fever. This means that an inflammatory process occurs in the body or this is a sign of infection. It is necessary to quickly identify the cause and eradicate it before the complications that are characteristic of such cases appear. It is important to immediately seek medical help so that the doctor prescribes a treatment regimen that should be followed exactly. This is not a case where treatment can be avoided, in some cases even in a hospital.

When the temperature rises during vomiting, you need to pay attention to the time ratio between them. In the case when the temperature first rose, it could cause nausea and its further consequences. If the child vomits and the temperature rises at one moment, then this is a manifestation of infection. If the child's vomiting started earlier, this may be a sign of dangerous meningitis or that he has caught a cold.

Other symptoms

The child vomits, and there are cramps in the abdomen - a sign of food intoxication or infection;
Of particular danger is vomiting of bile in a child - it indicates the presence of diseases: cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, viral hepatitis, intestinal infection;
Headaches and vomiting in the morning most often indicate a concussion;
If blood is present, it is necessary to exclude damage to the esophagus, stomach, peptic ulcer;
Vomiting with mucus in infancy is not a sign of pathology, at another age it may indicate food intoxication;
With a cold or prolonged fasting, vomiting of water may occur.
The most dangerous is vomiting in a child with foam - a signal for urgent hospitalization of the child, as this can be a sign of meningitis, acute intestinal infection, diabetes, liver and heart problems, cancer.
In infants, vomiting is often found in the fountain, which occurs either as a result of ordinary overeating, or in the presence of severe abnormalities.

color of vomit

Yellow vomiting in a child: characteristic of food intoxication, appendicitis, intestinal infection.
Red vomiting in a child: occurs with gastric bleeding, damage to the esophagus or mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract.
Green vomiting in a child: occurs when excessive consumption of green foods or nervous tension.
Black vomiting in a child: a consequence of the use of activated charcoal in large quantities, chemotherapy.

In some cases, asymptomatic vomiting occurs in a child. If this happened once, then it is not dangerous. This may be a reaction of the child's stomach to some food or external circumstances. If the child vomits several times during the day, then even in the absence of other signs, it is necessary to seek help from a doctor. Prior to his arrival, the patient should be given first aid in order to avoid serious complications.

First aid

Reason for concern and call an ambulance:

Elevated temperature.
Severe abdominal pain, copious loose stools.
Fainting, lethargy, cold sweat, pale skin.
The child is less than a year old.
Repeated, incessant vomiting in a child.

Each parent should be ready to provide first aid to the child in case of vomiting before the doctor arrives. To a greater extent, it is thanks to her that it becomes possible to avoid serious consequences and alleviate the condition of the child:

Lay the child on the bed with their head turned to the side. A towel should lie under the cheek and chin, if the child vomits again, it will protect the bed and clothes.
An infant should be held in the arms in a horizontal position, on its side.
Avoid taking any food.
Bring down the temperature with antipyretic drugs only after raising it to 38 ° C.
When an attack begins, it is necessary to put the child in a position tilted slightly forward. Thus, it is possible to protect the patient from getting vomit into the lungs.
After the attack has passed, the mouth is rinsed with clean, cool water, you should wash and change the child's clothes.
Often, parents have a question: what to give the child with vomiting before the ambulance arrives. You can offer him to drink a few sips of water.
Give a glucose-salt solution bought at a pharmacy. Solutions can help: Regidron, Citroglucosalan, Gastrolit, Oralit, etc. Dilute the solution according to the instructions. Give your child a couple of teaspoons every 10 minutes. The baby is given a few drops.
If we consider a certain drug, which in some cases can help to cope with vomiting in a child, then this is Smecta.
In case of loose stools, wash the child with a change of underwear.
Prepare a bag with things for a possible hospitalization.
Collect excreted masses for analysis by a physician.

And if vomiting in a child is not accompanied by diarrhea, fever, impurities and other symptoms that threaten health? It is necessary to carefully monitor the condition of the child, following all the instructions described. In the event of any symptoms of deterioration or regular recurrence of attacks, medical intervention is no longer enough here.

You should know that it is undesirable to transport the patient to the hospital on your own, since motion sickness can adversely affect his condition. Diagnostic studies will be carried out in a hospital setting.

Diagnostics

Most often, diagnosing the cause of vomiting is not difficult for specialists. The first symptoms of the disease are detected even before the doctors arrive. If the cause of the disease is still unknown, the child is given more detailed studies.

Collection of information

The doctor conducts a survey of relatives, specifying the following:

at what time did the child begin to vomit;
how often seizures occur;
Does it get easier afterwards?
whether there is a dependence on the adoption of food;
the number of allocations;
whether they contain impurities;
have had any illnesses in the previous 14 days;
what infectious diseases suffered;
whether there were previous operations;
is there a suspicion of food intoxication
changes in weight over the previous fortnight.

Inspection

When examining a patient, the doctor determines:

temperature;
whether there are symptoms of contagious diseases;
signs of food intoxication;
indicators of pulse, pressure, respiratory rate, reflexes;
the degree of fluid loss by the body (skin condition, weight);
whether there are signs of problems with the digestive system: changes in stool, tension in the abdominal wall, changes in the size of the liver, flatulence
visual analysis of the torn content.

Laboratory diagnostic methods

In this case, the analysis is taken:

blood;
urine.

Instrumental diagnostic methods

Ultrasound of the abdominal cavity indicates the presence of problems with the liver, lymph nodes, spleen, digestion;
ultrasound of the brain;
fibrogastroduodenoscopy - checking the stomach with an endoscope to exclude gastrointestinal pathologies;
x-ray of the abdominal organs with contrast - the use of a certain substance, due to which diseases of the gastrointestinal tract are clearly visible.

Based on the preliminary diagnosis made by doctors, it may be necessary for the patient to be consulted by other narrow specialists. They will be able to confirm or refute the initial diagnosis. Then appropriate treatment is prescribed.

How to treat vomiting in a child?

Since vomiting in a child is not an independent disease, it is necessary to treat the internal problem of the body that caused it. Doctors should do this: parents at home can only alleviate the symptoms of illness in a child, waiting for the arrival of doctors. The first step is to wash the baby's stomach. To do this, the baby must be given warm water to drink, and then artificially forced to vomit. The procedure is repeated until the vomit becomes clear.

Many mothers ask themselves: "How to stop vomiting in a child?". In no case should you try to stop vomiting: this is a protective reaction of the child's body, it must proceed without interruptions and interference. Stopping the vomiting process is permissible only if the baby is dehydrated and exhausted, and blood clots and mucus are observed in the contents of the stomach.

So that a small child does not suffer from dehydration during prolonged vomiting, he should be given enough drinking water. You can give your baby to drink sweet tea or mineral water, but without gas. If a newborn baby suffers from nausea, it must be turned over on its side or back so that it does not choke on vomit when lying down.

In the case when the sick child has not yet reached the age of one, treatment with drugs in liquid form, or suppositories, is preferable. Older children can be treated with pills, but after the appointment of the attending physician.

When the crumbs, in addition to vomiting, have constipation, a glycerin suppository must be placed in the anus to empty and cleanse the intestines. The released food mass will surely stain the baby, therefore, after all the procedures, it must be washed and changed. Further, parents can only wait for the pediatrician, who will conduct an examination and prescribe a medicine. Doctors usually prescribe the following medicines for young children:

Absorbents that remove toxins from the body. Powdered activated carbon is suitable, but Smecta or Atoxil is better.
Preparations for restoring the functions of the digestive tract. Older children take "Mezim" or "Pancreatin", but they are prohibited for babies. Instead, you can use biologically active additives that suppress dysbacteriosis.
Antiemetics. Usually, one injection of Cerucal or Motilium is enough to suppress vomiting, excessive gas formation and heartburn.

A disease of almost any organ system can be manifested by vomiting in a child, especially at an early age, so this problem is relevant for all parents. Under the guise of this symptom, both mild functional disorders and serious pathologies can be hidden, and his further fate largely depends on how and when first aid is provided to the child. Therefore, parents should be aware of how to stop vomiting in a child.

Pediatrician

The most common causes of vomiting in children include the following conditions.

Intestinal infections.
Food poisoning.
Traumatic brain injury.
Neuroinfections (meningitis, encephalitis and others).
Intestinal obstruction and other surgical pathology (appendicitis, peritonitis, diverticulitis).
Damage to the nervous system (tumors of the central nervous system, migraine).
Poisoning, including drugs.
Metabolic disorders (with neuro-arthritic diathesis, cyclic vomiting syndrome).
Sun and heat stroke.
Bleeding from different parts of the gastrointestinal tract.
As part of the intoxication syndrome in various pathologies (otitis media, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, sepsis, and others).

According to the frequency of occurrence of causes, there are some features depending on the age of the child. At the age of up to 1 year, the most common pathologies that cause vomiting are atresia and stenosis of the esophagus, congenital or pylorospasm, intestinal infections, metabolic disorders (, etc.), traumatic brain injury.

For infants, melena or with late hemorrhagic disease are distinguished among the common causes.

At the age of up to 6 years, the culprits of vomiting in a child are most often intestinal infections, pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, poisoning of various etiologies (household, medicinal), neuroinfections.

From 6 to 18 years of age, intestinal infections, food toxic infections, and injuries prevail. Do not lose relevance at this age as poisoning, especially medicinal.

The mechanism of vomiting

Vomiting is the reflex expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth. The center responsible for the occurrence of vomiting is located in the medulla oblongata. It receives signals from the receptors of the stomach, intestines and other organs. The act of vomiting always occurs with a sharp contraction of the muscles of the abdomen and diaphragm.

Infectious causes of vomiting can be divided into the following groups:

intestinal infections;
food poisoning(poisoning caused by bacteria and/or their toxins);
neuroinfections(meningitis, meningoencephalitis, encephalitis, encephalomyelitis, etc.);
manifestation of intoxication syndrome in various inflammatory diseases(acute otitis media, sinusitis, pneumonia, pyelonephritis and others).

Among the most common pathogens are viruses (rotaviruses, noroviruses, adenoviruses, calceviruses, etc.). However, there are also bacterial intestinal infections caused by salmonella, E. coli, staphylococci.

Also, one should not forget about such pathogens as (roundworms, pinworms), protozoa (giardia, amoeba). Given the current availability of travel to anywhere in the world, one must be aware of the danger of infection and especially dangerous infections such as cholera and tropical diseases. They can be extremely dangerous to the life of a child.

Pathogens that affect the nervous system of a child are also represented by viral and bacterial agents. The greatest danger is bacterial pathogens (meningococci, Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococci, streptococci, listeria, borrelia).

Among the viruses are enteroviruses, herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2, varicella-zoster virus, Ebstein-Barr virus and others.

Central vomiting

One of the most dangerous types of vomiting is central or cerebral vomiting. How does it manifest itself? It is not preceded by nausea, after which the child does not get relief. There is no clear relationship between vomiting and food intake. With this variety, the child's condition does not improve after vomiting, but noticeably worsens (lethargy increases).

What diseases can cause cerebral vomiting? These are neuroinfections (meningitis, encephalitis, etc.), brain tumors, traumatic brain injuries, hydrocephalus, cerebral edema of various origins, etc.

All these pathologies are united by increased intracranial pressure, due to which a reaction in the form of vomiting develops as a compensation mechanism.

Depending on the mechanism of occurrence, the following classification of vomiting is distinguished:

Central(cerebral vomiting) described above.
Visceral:
- esophageal vomiting may be a symptom of atresia and stenosis of the esophagus, achalasia. Such vomiting occurs shortly after eating, it does not have a sour smell, and the composition is represented by undigested food;
- stomach vomiting occurs in intestinal infections, food poisoning, acute and chronic pathology of the gastrointestinal tract (gastroduodenitis, gastric ulcer). This type of vomiting is characterized by a connection with food intake, a sour smell, and, as a rule, an improvement in the child's condition after. It can be stubborn;
- intestinal vomiting more often associated with intestinal obstruction (invagination, for example). Vomiting is persistent, there may be a fecal odor, severe pain in the abdomen.
Hematemesis is always a reason for emergency hospitalization. It can be caused by bleeding from various parts of the gastrointestinal tract, Mallory-Weiss syndrome, and others. In children under 3 months of age, such vomiting may be a sign of late hemorrhagic disease. Blood impurities in the vomit may have a different color (from bright scarlet to the color of coffee grounds) depending on the location of the bleeding.

For children of the first year of life, you need to understand what regurgitation looks like. It occurs without additional tension of the child, his general condition and behavior do not suffer at the same time.

When is it necessary to stop vomiting in children?

First aid should be given to the child, regardless of the amount of vomiting. There are the following degrees of severity of vomiting.

Easy- 1-2 episodes per day.
Moderate- 3-7 times a day.
Heavy (indomitable)- 10 or more times.

In addition, it is necessary to be guided necessarily when assessing the severity of the child's condition on his general behavior, diuresis. Severe severity always implies inpatient care for the child.

When is hospitalization required?

The cases when it is necessary to go to the hospital are as follows.

Children of the first year of life (they can endure such conditions very hard).
Children with concomitant chronic pathology and immunodeficiency states.
If the child's vomiting does not stop and there are signs of dehydration.
If an intestinal infection takes a protracted course.
If there is an admixture of blood in the vomit.
If the child ate a drug or drank household chemicals.
If there is a suspicion of an intestinal infection, and you live in a hostel or together with food industry workers.

Vomiting won't stop

If the child does not stop vomiting, drinking through the mouth is ineffective, the child is lethargic and has signs of dehydration, then you should definitely go to the hospital.

The child's condition is suffering

An important question for every parent is how to understand that the child’s condition is suffering and it is necessary to see a doctor and hospitalize the child? First of all, pay attention to the behavior of the child. If he is not active, lethargic, constantly sleeping, then these are signs of trouble.

Next, pay attention to the so-called signs of dehydration. What applies to them? This is dryness of the mucous membranes and skin (lips), a decrease in diuresis (the child urinates less and less often), thirst, the skin fold straightens out slowly.

How can you help your child at home?

The most important thing in the treatment of vomiting is watering the child. Children are more prone to dehydration and toxicosis than adults, so it is extremely important that the amount of fluid lost with vomiting is replenished.

The main groups of drugs

Vomiting is a protective reaction of the digestive system to the ingress of toxic substances, infectious agents and their toxins. Therefore, it is very important to be careful about the use of antiemetic drugs, as they can harm the child.

What drugs are used for vomiting in children? Enterosorbents, antiemetics, oral saline solutions used for intestinal infections. In other cases, the treatment will vary depending on the cause that caused the vomiting, but they all have in common the need to replace the fluid lost with vomiting by either oral drinking or infusion therapy.

Application antiemetics(Motillium, Motillac, Ondansetron) is indicated only in case of persistent vomiting and should be done only on the recommendation of a physician.

Among enterosorbents shows the use of drugs such as activated charcoal, Smecta, Dimosmectite, Polysorb, Enterosgel and others in age dosages.

Probiotics did not show significant advantages in their use in studies, especially in the acute period. Among all drugs in this group, only those containing Saccharomyces boulardii and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG have proven their effectiveness.

Prevention of dehydration

Prevention of dehydration and first aid for vomiting in a child is adequate watering.

Drinking a child requires perseverance, patience from parents!

It is important to remember that you should not give the child any liquid for 40 minutes - 1 hour, so as not to provoke another episode of vomiting!

You can not allow "hungry" pauses in the child. That is, it is necessary to feed the child.

Small children are best drunk with a syringe (without a needle), a bottle with a nipple, or a teaspoon.

Soldering must be fractional. That is, it is best to give 1 teaspoon of liquid every 3-5 minutes.

Symptomatic therapy for vomiting in children

Symptomatic therapy for vomiting in children consists of oral rehydration and the use of enterosorbents. This is the main first aid for a child with vomiting. For oral rehydration, drugs such as Normohydron, Gastrolit, Oralit, Regidron, Humana Electrolyte, Orsol and others are used.

The volume of the solution required for drinking depends on the weight of the child and his pathological losses with vomiting. At the initial stage, the child should receive approximately 50 ml / kg of solution in 8 hours. Then, if necessary, the volume expands.

What absolutely can not be done with vomiting in children?

Drinking water will always be ineffective if it is carried out exclusively with pure water, without glucose and electrolytes.

It is strictly forbidden to stay at home with a child if he is lethargic, slowed down, urinates little, or there is blood in the vomit. Urgent hospitalization is required in these cases.

Appropriateness of folk methods for the treatment of vomiting in children

Alternative methods of treatment are inappropriate and unacceptable in childhood and, moreover, can be dangerous for a child!

What can be done to help a child at home? You can independently prepare a glucose-salt solution for feeding the child. To do this, take 1 teaspoon of table salt, 8 teaspoons of sugar, ½ teaspoon of baking soda, 1 liter of boiled water and mix it all.

You can cook the so-called potassium compote from dried fruits. Its advantage is that it is rich in electrolytes and is liked by children. To do this, for 200 ml of compote you need 1 tablespoon of raisins, a handful of dry apples, 5-6 pieces of dried apricots, 1 teaspoon of sugar.

Also, with intestinal infections, until recently, it was proposed to use Coca-Cola or Pepsi for drinking (from 5 years of age). However, recent studies have shown that these drinks are too high in sugar and low in electrolytes and should not be used as an alternative to oral glucose-salt solutions.

Prevention of conditions that provoke vomiting in children

Prevention of conditions that provoke vomiting in children is as follows:

Compliance with the rules of personal hygiene.
Avoiding the use of expired food or with a violation of the storage mode.
Periodic cleaning of all toys used by the child.
Timely vaccination of the child.
Child control (do not leave the child unattended).
Medicines, household chemicals, batteries should not be available to the child.

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Graduated from the Belarusian State Medical University in 2015. She completed an internship in pediatrics at the City Children's Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital in the period from 2015-2016. From 2016 to the present, I have been working as a doctor in the admissions department of the City Children's Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital.