Inflamed intestines what to drink. Signs of a severe exacerbation of inflammatory bowel disease. Enteritis - causes, symptoms, treatment

Found in all segments of the population. The mechanisms of diseases are diverse, there are acute and chronic lesions, infectious and autoimmune. Hence the approaches to therapy. is a labor-intensive process aimed at correcting numerous pathogenic factors.

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The small intestine is made up of three parts: the duodenum, ileum, and jejunum. Their main function is to digest food and absorb nutrients and water. As soon as there is a violation of the function of absorption, the whole body suffers. There is a protein deficiency, hypovitaminosis, stool disorders, gas formation, periodic pain syndrome is possible. Due to the wide range of symptoms, the arsenal of drugs used in the treatment of diseases of the small intestine is quite large.

Symptoms of intestinal diseases

The most common is indigestion. It manifests itself as follows:

• stool disorder. The frequency of defecation reaches 5-6 times a day, the volume of the stool is increased, you can see the remains of undigested food in it. With serious damage to the intestines, blood and mucus are present in the feces;
• the occurrence of rumbling intestines, bloating;
• pain. Painful sensations are located in the umbilical region, or slightly to the right. The pain is not acute, it is constant, dull, decreases after passing gases. If intestinal motility is increased, the pain becomes stabbing.

In addition to intestinal symptoms, there are general signs of the disease. As a result of chronic malabsorption of substances, their artificial deficiency occurs. Food enters the body but is not absorbed. This causes the patient to lose weight against the background of normal nutrition, the occurrence of hypovitaminosis, anemia. Deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins K, A, E, D leads to visual impairment, increased bone fragility, menstrual irregularities in women and spermograms in men. Dryness of the skin occurs, microcracks appear on it, and jams appear in the corners of the lips. With a deficiency of trace elements, iron and calcium are not supplied. The hematopoietic system suffers, osteoporosis occurs.

If the bowel disease is acute, the patient has only intestinal disorders. Due to the short duration of symptoms, vitamin, nutrient and macronutrient deficiencies do not have time to occur.

There are many chronic diseases of the small intestine.

Chronic enteritis

There are frequent cases when intestinal lesions provoked ionizing inflammation, salts of heavy metals and some drugs.

The mechanism of the disease includes four types of pathological processes:

• infection of the intestine with bacteria;
• violation of the protective mechanisms of the small intestine;
• decreased production of intestinal enzymes;
• violation of the correct motor activity of the intestine.

Carbohydrate intolerance

Inherent in some people who, from birth, lack special enzymes that break down sugars. The most common deficiency is one of the three enzymes lactase, sucrase, and trehalose. In the first case, patients are unable to digest milk. In the case of sucrase deficiency, the patient does not absorb regular sugar. And if there is a deficiency of trehalose, people cannot eat mushrooms without side effects.

Vascular lesions of the small intestine

With atherosclerosis in a patient, all vessels are affected by plaques. Their lumen noticeably narrows, which means that much less blood flows. The intestines are in a state of constant oxygen starvation. The disease is manifested by pain in the abdomen. They begin in the central region, and then are transferred to the entire abdomen. Occur after eating for 30 minutes to an hour and a half. During this period, the maximum work of the intestines occurs, the need for oxygen increases. Pain in this condition is very pronounced. Patients are afraid of their repetition, refuse to eat. In addition to pain, there are intestinal disorders. This disease is very dangerous, since with the progression of atherosclerosis of the arteries, their complete blockage can occur with further death of part of the intestine.

Allergic lesions of the small intestine

An overreaction of the body to foreign substances is called an allergy. On the skin, the manifestations look like itchy blisters, redness, or a small red rash.

The small intestine is also affected by allergies, especially food. This is manifested by the occurrence of enteropathy. In simple words, the gut "balds" due to the death of the suction villi. Useful substances are not absorbed properly, a disorder of the stool occurs. Foods, medicines, vaccine sera, and pollen most commonly cause allergies.

celiac disease

Otherwise, the disease is called gluten enteropathy. It is caused by a hereditary deficiency of an enzyme that breaks down one of the components of the cereal protein - gluten. In the absence of an appropriate diet, intestinal lesions are persistent and pronounced.

Due to the incomplete breakdown of proteins, toxic products are formed that harm the small intestine. The mucous membrane becomes thinner due to the destruction of the upper layers. The intestine becomes unable to fully cope with its function. The disease is manifested by recurrent diarrhea. Patients are often underweight. In addition to intestinal disorders, general somatic symptoms are pronounced. There is anemia that is difficult to treat, bruising of the skin, excessive bleeding, mental disorders and bone pain. Under the guise of all these manifestations, gluten enteropathy may be hiding. Due to the abundance of symptoms, the disease is diagnosed late.

Whipple disease

A rare infectious disease affecting the intestines, joints, and circulatory system. In severe cases, it affects all organs and systems of a person. Caused by corynebacteria capable of producing mucopolysaccharides that clog small lymphatic vessels.

The manifestations of the disease are numerous. In addition to fever, intestinal dyspepsia and malabsorption, all organs and tissues are affected.

Neoplasms of the small intestine

Benign formations predominate. They grow slowly, without disturbing the anatomy of the intestine, and have little effect on intestinal patency and human well-being.

Malignant neoplasms of the intestine grow rapidly, contribute to intoxication of the body. Cause intestinal and general manifestations. They can grow into neighboring organs. If the cancer grows into the intestinal wall, it may narrow its lumen. There is intestinal obstruction with severe symptoms of poisoning of the body. The condition requires immediate medical attention.

Treatment of diseases of the small intestine

With an allergic lesion of the intestines, it is worth adhering to a hypoallergenic diet. The attack is removed with the help of antihistamines, such as suprastin, tavegil, phenkarol, loratadine, tsetrin. If the allergy is accompanied by Quincke's edema or anaphylactic shock, adrenaline or glucocorticosteroids should be urgently administered.

With celiac disease and other enzyme deficiencies, you need to follow a diet, avoid foods that are not digested in the body. Compliance with the correct nutritional recommendations makes the life and health of patients full. In this case, the intestines are not exposed to pathological effects and remain healthy.

Whipple's disease is treated with long-term antibiotics. The therapy goes on for years. The choice of antibiotics should be selected by the attending physician, taking into account sensitivity to them.

Vascular disease that feeds the small intestine is treated with vasodilator drugs. The choice is given to long-acting nitrates. To stop the formation of cholesterol plaques in the lumen of blood vessels, you need to take statins. These medications not only lower cholesterol levels, but also stabilize existing plaques.

Most often, people suffer from chronic enteritis. Its treatment requires regularity and combination with proper nutrition. Chronic bowel diseases are treated for a long time, patients need to tune in to this.

Drug treatment of chronic enteritis

Suppression of the progression of dysbacteriosis, normalization of the intestinal microflora is one of the most important aspects of therapy. The question of how to treat such violations of microflora is not acute. Bacterial preparations are prescribed. They contain beneficial microorganisms. Normally, they live in large numbers in the intestinal lumen. The following drugs are used: enterogermina, bactisubtil, lactobacterin, bifikol, bifidubacterin. Take probiotics in cycles. The first lasts three weeks. It is necessary to use drugs before meals twice a day for 3-4 standard doses. Then you need to stop taking the drug for a week, and repeat the shortened course. The treatment regimen should be taken once a quarter to avoid exacerbation of dysbacteriosis.

The use of enzyme preparations helps to remove excessive gas formation, rumbling and frequent stools. Pancreatic enzymes normalize absorption and digestion in the small intestine. The most common are pancreatin, mezim forte, creon, festal, panzinorm, pancitrate. With severe enzyme deficiency, taking drugs for a long time. Due to the lack of toxicity, they can be used for years. In people with mild forms of chronic enteritis, drugs are used in a monthly course. Drugs are taken during meals or immediately after it at each meal. The dosage depends on the severity of the disease.

With excessive intestinal motility, drugs that normalize the stool should be used. These include enveloping and astringent agents. You can use bismuth preparations in powders 1 g 4 times a day, tannalbin 0.5 g 4 times a day, kaopectate 1 tbsp. l. Up to 6 times a day.

Imodium fights diarrhea well. A contraindication to taking the drug is an acute infection.

Diet

• yesterday's bread, only dry biscuits;
• soups with cereals and vegetables. Cooking in low-fat broth is allowed;
• fish and meat of low-fat varieties, steamed or boiled;
• vegetable dishes that do not increase gas formation in the intestines. It is allowed to eat potatoes, carrots, pumpkin, cauliflower, zucchini in the form of mashed potatoes, casseroles, or baked. Ripe tomatoes can be eaten raw;
• cereals and pasta are not prohibited. It is undesirable to eat millet and barley porridge;
• eggs;
• sweets;
• dairy products, including butter, cottage cheese and cheese;
• from drinks tea, weak coffee are recommended.

Non-drug treatment of chronic enteritis

Treatment of the intestines with folk remedies has not lost its relevance. Many plants are able to have various actions on the intestines - anti-inflammatory, laxative or astringent.

Chamomile, mint and valerian will help eliminate spasms and a feeling of heaviness. To prepare a decoction, you need 6 tbsp. chamomile flowers, 2 tbsp. mint leaves and valerian. For every 4 tbsp. plants need a liter of water. Raw materials must be poured with water, boiled for 15 minutes, then left to brew for an hour. The resulting decoction is taken after meals, 150 ml.

To suppress inflammation, you can use freshly squeezed potato juice. It must be taken before meals. It promotes healing of the intestinal mucosa, has an enveloping effect.

With constipation, eating a mixture of dried fruits helps. To prepare it, you will need 200 g of figs and dried apricots, 400 g of prunes. All this must be mixed with honey and taken two hours after dinner, 1 tbsp. It should be noted that prunes have an independent laxative effect.

Also loosen the following products: pumpkin, ripe kiwi, beets.

With the help of aloe, you can fight chronic constipation. The pulp of the leaves must be crushed, mixed with warmed honey in a ratio of 1: 1. You need to insist for a day, then reheat. It should be taken in the morning on an empty stomach one hour before breakfast.

An effective remedy for diarrhea is a decoction of oak bark. It has a pronounced astringent effect. You need to take half a glass 2 times a day.

With regular treatment with drugs and folk remedies, you will succeed, and your intestines will thank you.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is the second most common gastrointestinal disease. They affect people of all ages and genders. With IBD, inflammatory processes occur on the mucous membrane of different parts of the intestine. How does inflammation of the intestine develop symptoms and treatment of this disease with effective means? On the main causes of this disease and methods for its diagnosis, read on.

Causes of intestinal inflammation

The intestine consists of 3 sections: the duodenum, the large intestine and the small intestine. This organ is involved in digestion and the immune system. When exposed to various negative factors, the death of mucosal cells begins in a weakened area of ​​​​the intestine, which leads to increased blood circulation in this area, the onset of pain. Due to inflammation, the cells of this organ cannot secrete enzymes and absorb nutrients. Because of this, there is a violation of the functions of the intestine. IBD occurs for the following reasons:

• Infection (bacteria, viruses, protozoa). Often the cause of IBD are: E. coli, shigella, salmonella, rotavirus, amoebic dysentery.
• Helminthiasis (infection with worms).
• Overeating and malnutrition, saturated with fatty, fried, smoked, spicy foods.
• Heredity. The lack of enzymes in the intestine is sometimes transmitted at the genetic level, as is the predisposition to the onset of IBD.
• Dysbacteriosis, violation of the normal intestinal microflora. This leads to the multiplication of pathogenic bacteria and the occurrence of diseases of the mucous membrane of this organ.
• Poor circulation in the intestinal walls, atherosclerotic changes.
• Autoimmune processes in which the immune system produces antibodies against intestinal cells, which causes inflammation in this organ.

Symptoms

Basic knowledge on the topic of inflammation of the intestine, symptoms and treatment of this disease will help to notice its development in time and seek help. This disease is divided into types according to the place of occurrence of the focus: duodenitis (inflammation of the duodenum), enteritis (disease of the small intestine), colitis (disease of the large intestine), mesadenitis (inflammation of the lymph nodes), proctitis (inflammatory process on the mucosa).

According to the duration of the course, IBD can be acute or chronic. If bacteria, viruses or protozoa become the cause of this disease, then it has an infectious nature and is called an acute intestinal infection. When inflammation occurs against the background of other causes, the disease is classified as non-infectious. The main signs of IBD in women and men are similar. Symptoms:

• Pressing pain in the abdomen, the localization of which is difficult to determine. The cause of the pain is a spasm of the intestinal muscles.
• Nausea after eating.
• Vomiting after eating.
• Flatulence, indicating a lack of enzymes in the body.
• Stool problems in the form of diarrhea occur with an acute intestinal infection, and with problems in the large intestine, there may be constipation.
• Weight loss is often associated with inflammation of the small intestine and is the result of a deterioration in the absorption of nutrients by it.
• Anemia. It develops when the level of hemoglobin in the blood is low, which occurs when iron is poorly absorbed.
• Elevated temperature.

Which doctor to contact

In case of problems with the intestines, a consultation with a gastroenterologist is necessary. If the patient constantly feels discomfort and pain in the abdomen, then he should not look for a solution to this problem on his own, but it would be better to visit a doctor. At the appointment, the doctor will examine the patient and tell him the main points about the symptoms and treatment of this disease. Then he will refer the patient for an additional examination, which will help to establish the most accurate diagnosis. After that, the doctor will prescribe treatment with medicines, herbal preparations and give recommendations on the diet.

Diagnosis of the disease in adults and children

In order to correctly diagnose the disease, the gastroenterologist often sends patients for additional examination. With the help of a blood test, feces and endoscopic methods, it is easy to identify and determine the focus of inflammation. An additional examination will help the specialist to establish a diagnosis and choose the right treatment regimen. In children, IBD manifests itself in the form of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease. NUC in infants is accompanied by diarrhea and traces of blood in the stool.

An older child diagnosed with ulcerative colitis often complains of cramps, abdominal pain, and loose stools. Diagnosis of NUC is carried out with the help of rectal examination and palpation. Inflammation of the intestines in a child in the form of Crohn's disease, in which ulcers appear on the mucous membrane of the diseased organ, manifested by frequent stools, pain. Diagnosis in this case is carried out using colonoscopy, endoscopy, irrigoscopy, palpation. Let us consider in more detail the laboratory and other methods used to detect IBD.

Clinical blood test

A blood test is a mandatory laboratory examination, which is prescribed by a doctor to a patient if an inflammatory process in the intestine is suspected. According to the values ​​of ESR and the content of leukocytes in the bloodstream revealed in this study, the gastroenterologist will determine the degree of the disease. Their increased rates will indicate to the doctor the inflammatory process taking place in the body.

Coprogram

To establish the correct diagnosis in IBD, the patient is sent for fecal analysis. This examination will show whether the process of digestion in the body is taking place correctly. The coprogram will help to identify the lack of enzymes by poorly digested food residues. Fecal analysis can still detect the presence of helminths, which can be the cause of intestinal problems.

Bacteriological examination of feces

If an intestinal infection is suspected, a microflora culture is done. Bacteriological examination of feces will help to identify pathogenic bacteria in the intestine, identify these microorganisms, and determine their sensitivity to antibiotics. If you have an infection, your doctor will be able to prescribe effective drugs to treat the inflammation based on a stool test.

Fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy (FEGDS)

Examination of the stomach with an endoscope is prescribed in some cases to confirm the diagnosis of IBD. In this case, the probe is introduced into the patient's body through the mouth. The endoscope is a fiber optic tube equipped with a camera and light. With the help of fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy, an examination of the mucous membrane of the stomach and other parts of the gastrointestinal tract is carried out. If necessary, during such an examination, a part of the mucosa is taken for histological examination.

Colonoscopy

For IBD, a colonoscopy may be ordered. This research method is carried out using a device that consists of a flexible tube with a diameter of 1 cm, a length of 1.5 m and an optical device. Colonoscopy is performed by inserting an endoscope through the rectum. In this case, the anus is pre-treated with dicaine ointment. This method of examination is used to assess the condition of the colon mucosa. Before colonoscopy, a thorough cleansing of the examined organ from feces with an enema is carried out.

Video capsule endoscopy

The latest method of examining the intestines is video capsule endoscopy. When conducting this type of study, the patient swallows a special, disposable, sterile capsule, which, when passing through the gastrointestinal tract, takes many pictures. The doctor on the computer in real time sees the location of the video capsule. Such a study of the intestinal tract provides accurate information about the state of its mucosa. The video capsule is removed from the body during a bowel movement in a day.

Treatment Methods

After establishing an accurate diagnosis, the doctor will prescribe an effective therapy to eliminate IBD. Depending on the degree of development of the disease, various medications, enzymes, herbal teas can be prescribed. For the treatment to be effective, a patient with IBD must follow a special diet. In parallel with drugs for VKD, folk remedies can be used, but only after consulting a doctor.

Etiotropic therapy

With IBD, therapy is prescribed, which is aimed at eliminating the main cause of the disease. If it consists in the defeat of the body by pathogenic bacteria, then the patient is prescribed antibiotics. With helminthic invasion, antihelminthic tablets (albendazole, piperazine) are prescribed. If the cause of IBD is autoimmune, then immunosuppressants are prescribed for treatment.

Symptomatic therapy

Symptomatic therapy is used to reduce the pain, spasms, and/or bloating common in patients with IBD. To do this, use antispasmodics, defoamers and other drugs in the form of tablets, suppositories, tinctures, which can temporarily alleviate the patient's condition during the process of treating inflammation. So, to eliminate increased gas formation, espumizan is used, and to relieve spasms - no-shpu. And after taking antibiotics, rehabilitation is carried out, aimed at restoring the intestinal microflora with special preparations.

Pathogenetic therapy

For successful treatment of this disease, it is necessary to remove inflammation in the intestines. For this purpose, anti-inflammatory drugs and sorbents that bind toxins are used. Pathogenetic therapy of IBD also includes drugs containing enzymes. These drugs include Mezim, Pancreatin, the intake of which helps to reduce the load on the diseased organ of the digestive system.

Diet

Properly organized nutrition in the treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract is of great importance. To quickly cure the disease, it is necessary to eat dishes that reduce the load on the mucous membrane of the diseased organ. Nutrition for IBD is fractional - 5-6 times a day. The patient's menu should be saturated with proteins, and fats and carbohydrates in it should be reduced.

With IBD, it is advised to include vegetables, fruits, lean meat, black bread, and low-fat dairy products in the diet. Do not eat fried, smoked, spicy foods. Food for an IBD patient is best boiled, steamed. It is especially useful for this disease to eat foods rich in potassium and calcium. In IBD, reduce daily salt intake to 6-8 g. A person with inflammatory bowel disease should drink 2 liters of water daily. The following is a list of recommended dishes and products for TCD:

• low-fat soups;
• vegetable decoctions;
• compotes;
• juices containing tannins;
• dishes from veal, lean beef;
• chicken cutlets, meatballs, soufflé;
• fish meals;
• cheese, cottage cheese with low fat content.

Folk remedies

Some plants have medicinal properties that are great for fighting inflammation of the intestines of a different nature. Traditional medicine has many recipes for potions for the treatment of this disease. Many patients have experienced the healing effect of taking such natural remedies. The following herbal remedies can help treat IBD:

• Pour 200 ml of boiling water over a mixture made from 1 tsp. herbs chamomile, sage, centaury. Insist. Take every 2 hours all day, which is 8 times a day. Use the remedy for 3 months.
• Make onion juice by crushing the plant and straining the resulting slurry through cheesecloth. Drink the resulting remedy for 1 tsp. before meals 3-4 times a day. This drug is good for constipation, colitis.
• Prepare a herbal mixture of 60 g of buckthorn root, 10 g of fennel and anise, 20 g of licorice root. 1 st. l mixed dry plants pour 200 ml of boiling water. Insist 1/2 hour. Use in the morning, in the evening, 200 ml.

Where to treat inflammation of the intestine

In order to recognize IBD at the initial stage and quickly get rid of this ailment, it is necessary to consult a gastroenterologist with constant discomfort in the abdomen. Where is this disease treated in Moscow and St. Petersburg? In the capital and other cities, qualified medical care is provided by gastroenterologists in state clinics, medical centers, and private clinics.

cost

A consultation with a specialist in medical centers will cost 1300-6000 rubles. Diagnosis of IBD with the help of laboratory tests of medical tests costs between 250-1000 rubles. Endoscopic examination will cost 3000-4000 rubles. In some medical centers, it is possible to call a doctor at home and take tests without leaving your apartment. The price of such services is in the range of 3000-6000 rubles.

Video

IBD brings a lot of problems and severe discomfort to a person. Why does this disease occur, what are its symptoms? An interesting, informative video material will not give answers to this and other questions about this gastrointestinal disease. The advice of experts will help you find out what effective methods are used to get rid of IBD.

Inflammation of the intestines is one of the most common pathologies in people who abuse alcohol, make periodic errors in nutrition, and smokers. Intestinal colitis can also develop against the background of an infectious lesion of the gastrointestinal tract, with chronic stress and neurosis, physical inactivity (weakening of muscle strength caused by a sedentary lifestyle). A slowly progressive inflammatory process in the large intestine can be triggered by vascular disease, which increases the risk of atherosclerosis of the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries, which provide blood supply and nutrition to the colon.

The treatment of colitis is aimed not only at eliminating the cause that provoked the immunopathological reaction, but also at strengthening the patient's immune status, on which the functioning and formation of immunity and the development of antiviral and antimicrobial defense mechanisms depend. It is the decrease in the overall resistance of the body that creates conditions for the reproduction and growth of pathogenic microorganisms, therefore, an important step in the treatment of chronic colitis is the correction of lifestyle and diet.

For any form of inflammation in the intestines, patients are prescribed a treatment and prophylactic table No. 4 according to Pevzner. This diet is indicated for acute intestinal lesions, including combined forms of inflammation (eg, gastroduodenitis or gastroenteritis) and intestinal infections (salmonellosis, dysentery, etc.). The duration of such nutrition should be determined by the doctor individually, but in most cases the minimum period to achieve stable remission in chronic colitis is 6 months.

Table number 4 has its own characteristics, for example:

• reduction of the daily calorie content of the diet to 1900-2000 calories by reducing the amount of carbohydrates and fats in food (the caloric value can be increased according to individual indications, for example, for patients with grade 3-4 obesity);
• limiting salt and sugar intake;
• complete exclusion from the diet of any seasonings, spices and spices that can have a stimulating and irritating effect on the inflamed intestines (the exception is some types of fresh herbs, such as fennel, dill and basil);
• cooking dishes using gentle heat treatment methods (boiling in lightly salted water, stewing under a lid, steaming or baking in foil).

Until a stable remission is achieved, the use of hot and cold foods and drinks is prohibited. Sour-milk drinks and other products from the refrigerator should be kept at room temperature for about 20-30 minutes before use. Drinking water for patients with gastritis should also be at room temperature: drinking chilled drinks can provoke a spasm of the inflamed intestinal walls and cause cramping pain. Nutrition for any diseases of the gastrointestinal tract should be frequent - 5-6 times a day. The recommended serving size for a person weighing 70 kg is 260 g.

Important! In the period of an acute course, mechanical sparing of food is shown. This means that all dishes should be served in a crushed, pureed, pureed or mushy state.

Products for patients with colitis

It is important not only to follow the recommendations for therapeutic and preventive nutrition, but also to choose the right products for compiling a menu with an inflamed intestine. A detailed list of allowed and prohibited foods for colitis is given in the table.

Products for the nutrition of patients with colitis

Menu option for one day

Acute drug treatment

Severe forms of acute inflammation in the intestines can be treated on an outpatient basis only if the local doctor considers the general condition of the patient to be satisfactory. Hospitalization in a hospital is indicated for repeated vomiting, profuse diarrhea, severe diarrhea with a stool frequency of up to 15-20 times a day. All these conditions are dangerous dehydration. Together with the fluid, the body loses potassium and magnesium ions necessary for the functioning of the heart muscle, nervous system and regulation of respiratory function, therefore, in patients predisposed to cardiovascular pathologies, dehydration can lead to acute respiratory or heart failure.

The situation is complicated if the patient is diagnosed with profuse vomiting, in which all medications taken are excreted from the body through the mouth within 5-10 minutes after they are taken along with vomit. For such patients, drugs are selected in the form of rectal suppositories and solutions for injection, and the condition and the most important functions of the body are monitored by medical workers in a hospital.

Antiemetics

If vomiting is not abundant and does not depend on medication, oral dosage forms can be used: capsules, tablets, suspensions. The most benign are drugs based on domperidone, a central blocker of dopamine receptors. Domperidone should be taken 15-20 minutes before meals, 10 mg 3 times a day. The last dose is recommended to be taken 30 minutes before bedtime to avoid morning vomiting. The maximum daily dose for adolescents over 12 years of age and adults is 30 mg.

Domperidone-based prokinetics include drugs with the following trade names:

• Motilac;
• Motonium;
• Domstal;
• Passagex;
• Domet.

If the patient has repeated and profuse vomiting, drugs in the form of injections based on metoclopramide are used to stop it ( Cerucal, Ceruglan, Perinorm).

Important! Metoclopramide-based drugs can cause serious side effects in patients with respiratory and heart diseases, so only a doctor can give injections of Cerucal and its analogues.

Hormonal drugs

For the rapid relief of an acute inflammatory process in the intestine, glucocorticosteroids are used - analogues of endogenous hormones produced by the adrenal cortex. The drugs of this group have a pronounced anti-inflammatory, eliminate the manifestations of sensitization of the body and exhibit immunosuppressive and antitoxic activity.

Hydrocortisone and Prednisolone are considered the most effective for the treatment of acute intestinal colitis. They are administered by injection (stream or drip into a vein), and the dosage regimen is selected individually. It is necessary to start therapy with the most effective dosage, gradually reducing it to a therapeutic and maintenance dose. The duration of the use of glucocorticosteroids should not exceed 10-14 days.

Antibacterial and antimicrobial agents

Medicines with antibacterial and antimicrobial activity are needed when an intestinal infection has become the cause of inflammation. If infectious colitis is accompanied by diarrhea, the patient is prescribed nifuroxazide preparations ( Stopdiar, Enterofuril). They bind bacteria and their toxins in the intestinal lumen and are excreted from the body without being subjected to systemic absorption.

In severe cases, the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics is indicated. These can be penicillin drugs (ampicillin and amoxicillin), fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines or cephalosporins. Macrolides and combined preparations of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid are less commonly used.

Important! To restore the normal microflora in the intestine and prevent dysbacteriosis, which may be one of the provoking factors in the development of chronic colitis, the use of prebiotics is indicated ( Bion-3, Normobact, Laktofiltrum). They should be drunk from the first day of antibiotic therapy, after making sure that the selected drug is compatible with the prescribed antibiotic.

Conventional treatment for chronic inflammation

Therapy of chronic inflammation in the intestines is carried out using a complex of drugs aimed at eliminating the causes of inflammation, stimulating regenerative processes and healing of mucous membranes, and increasing the overall resistance of the body.

Medicines for diarrhea

Antidiarrheals are mainly used for infectious inflammation, accompanied by frequent loose stools and false urge to defecate. Traditional drugs used to stop diarrhea in adults are loperamide-based drugs ( Loperamide, Lopedium, Diara, Imodium). It is impossible to use these drugs without consulting a doctor, as they are contraindicated in ulcerative colitis, acute dysentery, and some types of bacterial colitis.

The dosage of loperamide is 2-4 mg per day.

Laxatives

Inflammation of the intestines, in which the patient has prolonged constipation, most often develops against the background of irritable bowel syndrome. To normalize the stool, it is necessary to adhere to the recommendations on nutrition and not to violate the diet prescribed by the specialist. If the primary correction of the diet to achieve the desired result, you can use laxatives. Osmotic agents that increase abdominal pressure and saline preparations should not be taken for a long time, therefore, for occasional constipation, it is better to use herbal and plant-based products (senna leaf, corn silk) or lactulose syrup.

Drugs containing lactulose:

• Portalac;
• Lizalak;
• Poslabin;
• Legendary;
• Livolyuk-PB;
• Evikt;
• Romfalac.

The dosage depends on the age of the patient, the duration of constipation and can range from 15 to 45 ml of syrup per day.

Enterosorbents

Sorbents for inflammation are necessary to bind and remove substances that can irritate the intestinal walls: toxins, alcohol vapors, poisons, salts of heavy metals, allergens. The traditional preparation of this group is activated charcoal, but the pharmaceutical market has a large selection of more modern and effective sorbents. These include:

• Enterosgel (for children is available in the form of a sweet paste);
• Lactofiltrum;
• Filtrum-sti;
• Smectite is dioctahedral;
• Polysorb;
• Polyphepan.

These drugs should be taken 2-3 times a day, 1 hour before meals or medications. The duration of taking sorbents should not exceed 5-7 days.

Antiplatelet agents and thrombolytics

Drugs that prevent the formation of blood clots are necessary for intestinal ischemia and atherosclerosis of the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. In most cases, pentoxifylline preparations are used to treat ischemic colitis ( Trental, Flexital, Radomin, Agapurin). They are angioprotectors and circulation correctors in the microvasculature and exhibit vasodilating and antiplatelet activity. The daily dosage of pentoxifylline is 600 mg, which should be divided into 3 doses. Starting from the second week of treatment, the daily dosage is reduced to 300 mg.

Video - Crohn's disease

Auxiliary treatment

Auxiliary therapy includes physiotherapeutic methods (electrophoresis, UHF, acupuncture, magnetotherapy), massage, physiotherapy exercises and a set of measures aimed at increasing the body's immune defenses. The patient is advised to walk a lot in the fresh air: oxygen-enriched blood circulates better in the intestinal vessels, and walking has a positive effect on the work of the heart and the motility of the intestinal walls.

Every day it is necessary to perform a set of special exercises recommended for patients with chronic intestinal inflammation. Exercises should be selected by the attending physician, especially if the patient is over 40 years old, or he has individual contraindications. It is useful to visit the pool and massage room two or three times a week. Massage allows you to warm up the muscles, stimulates intestinal peristalsis and increases the body's resistance.

Correction of the immune status also includes vitamin therapy. Daily in the diet of the patient it is necessary to include fortified drinks: berry fruit drinks, compotes, herbal teas, decoctions of fruits and berries. In a state of stable remission, treatment can be supplemented with alternative medicine recipes, some of which can be very effective for chronic intestinal inflammation.

Folk methods

Below are two recipes that will help in a short time to improve bowel function and accelerate the healing of inflamed mucous membranes.

Fennel Seed Infusion

One of the most effective remedies in the fight against colitis. The infusion eliminates flatulence, promotes the dissolution of gas bubbles in the intestines and normalizes the stool. To prepare it, you need:

• a tablespoon of seeds pour 200 ml of boiling water;
• insist for 2 hours;
• drink on an empty stomach (it is better to do this in the morning).

Fennel seed infusion is one of the most effective remedies in the fight against colitis.

Fennel infusion should be taken once a day for 2-3 weeks.

potato juice

Inflammation of the intestines is a common pathology of the gastrointestinal tract. Usually, diet and lifestyle changes are sufficient to achieve stable remission, but if the disease progresses, surgical methods may be required, so treatment must be approached very responsibly.

Video - How to treat the intestines with folk remedies

If bowel treatment is being performed, tablets are used most often. Today, a large number of different diseases of the intestine are known. The most common pathologies are enteritis, enterocolitis, duodenal ulcer, ulcerative colitis, hemorrhoids. The choice of tablets is determined by the underlying disease and is carried out only by a doctor.

1 Used drugs

Bowel treatment should always be comprehensive. Drug therapy is combined with a diet. The following groups of drugs are most commonly used:

• antibiotics (macrolides, fluoroquinolones, nitroimidazole derivatives, penicillins);
• prokinetics (Trimedat, Domperidone);
• antacids (Gastal, Maalox, Rennie, Rutacid);
• antimicrobial agents (Furazolidone, Enteroseptol);
• immunosuppressants (Azathioprine, Cyclosporine);
• proton pump blockers (Omeprazole, Omez, Pariet, Nexium, Pantoprazole);
• enzymes (Pantsitrat, Panzinorm, Creon);
• eubiotics (Linex, Laktusan, Bifiform, Laktofiltrum);
• astringents (De-Nol);
• antidiarrheal drugs (Imodium, Loperamide);
• enterosorbents (Laktofiltrum, activated carbon, Polyphepan, Filtrum-Sti);
• laxatives (Senade, Bisacodyl, Guttalax, Regulax);
• vetononics (Detralex, Venarus, Phlebodia 600);
• painkillers (NSAIDs, antispasmodics, analgesics).

Antibacterial drugs are prescribed for inflammatory diseases caused by various bacteria. These tablets are indicated for duodenal ulcer, which developed against the background of Helicobacter pylori infection. The most commonly used antibiotics are: Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin, Metronidazole.

2 Action of probiotics and enterosorbents

Bowel treatment often involves the use of sorbents. These pills help get rid of bloating and toxic foods. These funds are especially effective in dysbacteriosis, when the balance between beneficial and pathogenic microflora is disturbed. This condition is the impetus for the development of enteritis and colitis. Enterosorbents are drugs that bind and hold harmful substances on their surface.

These can be waste products of bacteria, gases and toxins. The most commonly used black and white activated carbon. Enterosorbents include Filtrum-Stee. This remedy is available in the form of dark brown tablets. It is a sorbent of natural origin. It binds various toxins, poisons, microbes, salts of heavy metals and removes them from the body.

The medicine is used for poisoning, acute intestinal infections (dysentery, salmonellosis) and dyspepsia caused by inflammatory bowel diseases. Filtrum-Sti is contraindicated in the acute period of peptic ulcer and intestinal atony. Lactofiltrum tablets have a combined effect. This drug is both a sorbent and a probiotic.

Laktofiltrum is used to restore microflora during antibiotic treatment, as well as for irritable bowel syndrome. The drug is contraindicated in bleeding and intestinal obstruction. Laktofiltrum is included in the scheme for the correction of intestinal dysbacteriosis. Medicines such as probiotics are often prescribed by doctors.

They normalize the intestinal microflora, which helps to improve digestion. Probiotics include Linex and Bifiform. They are available in the form of capsules for oral administration. Bifiform contains a large number of bifidobacteria and enterococci. The drug improves the quantitative and qualitative composition of the intestinal microflora.

This probiotic is indicated for Helicobacter pylori infection, diarrhea associated with gastroenteritis and enterovirus infection, and acute intestinal infections. The difference between Linex is that it additionally contains lactobacilli. It is effective in dysbacteriosis.

3 Medications to normalize stool

Inflammation of the intestines is often accompanied by a violation of the stool by the type of diarrhea or constipation. Sometimes it develops. In this situation, tablets are used that improve intestinal motility. These drugs are otherwise known as prokinetics. The most commonly used are Domperidone and Trimedat. Domperidone has an antiemetic effect.

This drug is indicated for atony and hypotension of the intestine, dyspepsia and flatulence. The medicine is not prescribed for pregnant and lactating women. No less popular is Trimedat. The main active ingredient in it is trimebutine. Trimedat is prescribed in case of irritable bowel syndrome, paralytic ileus after surgery and motor disorders.

Prolonged constipation is an indication for the use of laxatives. Such drugs are Senade and Guttalax. Senade is often prescribed for hemorrhoids and anal fissures. Guttalax allows you to eliminate constipation of various etiologies. Antidiarrheals are often included in the treatment regimen for bowel diseases. Diarrhea develops against the background of nonspecific ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, chronic enterocolitis.

Imodium and Loperamide are used. These drugs reduce intestinal peristalsis, which leads to more intensive absorption of water. Against this background, the stool becomes less liquid. These drugs should not be used for acute intestinal infections (dysentery, salmonellosis), acute ulcerative colitis and intestinal obstruction.

4 How to treat a duodenal ulcer?

Often, against the background of intestinal inflammation, mucosal defects are formed. Thousands of people around the world have duodenal ulcers. This disease, which is manifested by pain 1-2 hours after eating, bloating, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite.

For the treatment of patients with peptic ulcer, a special scheme is used, which includes the use of antacids, proton pump blockers, astringents and antimicrobials.

De-Nol tablets have an astringent effect. The basis of the drug is bismuth salts. De-Nol is an antiulcer agent with antimicrobial activity. It is effective against Helicobacter pylori bacteria. After taking these tablets, a protective film forms on ulcers and erosions of the intestinal mucosa. This leads to the elimination of pain.

Proton pump inhibitors are needed to protect the intestinal mucosa from the acidic contents of the stomach. Medicines such as Omez, Omeprazole, Lansoprazole, Nexium are used. They inhibit the synthesis of hydrochloric acid. Inflammation of the intestine with an ulcer requires the appointment of antacids. These tablets neutralize acid, protecting the duodenal mucosa.

5 Medical therapy

With a pronounced pain syndrome against the background of intestinal diseases, anti-inflammatory drugs from the group of NSAIDs, analgesics and antispasmodics are prescribed. The latter relax the muscles, against which the pain subsides. Antispasmodics include:

• No-Shpa;
• Drotaverine;
• Papaverine;
• Duspatalin.

Duspatalin is a myotropic antispasmodic. It is indicated for pain and spasms associated with irritable bowel syndrome.

With a disease such as ulcerative colitis, immunosuppressants are prescribed. These include azathioprine. Anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed (Sulfasalazine and Samezil suppositories). They are also effective in Crohn's disease. Sometimes glucocorticoids (Prednisolone) are included in the treatment regimen for inflammatory bowel disease.