A side effect of the use of nootropics can be. Side effects of nootropics. The best nootropics with an additional energizing effect

They are a group of psychotropic drugs that can increase the resistance of the human nervous system. They help to quickly solve the problem with injuries, oxygen starvation, poisoning, strong physical exertion, and insomnia.

How do nootropics enhance the capabilities of the brain?

Drugs of this type directly affect various functions of the brain, bring them into activity and make the mind and memory processes work. These medications can facilitate the interaction of both hemispheres and the main centers that are located on the cerebral cortex. To achieve the desired effect, nootropics perform the following actions:

• stabilization of cell membranes;
• increased glucose utilization;
• elimination of oxidation processes;
• activation of the formation of proteins and ATP.

What are the disadvantages of using nootropics?

Such drugs do not pose a serious threat to the human body, since they do not affect any important functions. But at the same time, they have a number of contraindications and side effects that you should definitely study before using drugs.

Prohibited states when taking nootropics include:

• age up to three years;
• problems with the endocrine system;
• allergic reactions to the component composition;
• severe renal failure;
• the period of gestation or breastfeeding.

As for side effects, they are quite rare, since most patients tolerate these medications well. In some situations, the following reactions occur:

• drowsiness throughout the day;
• allergies;
• a sharp change in blood pressure;
• dyspeptic pathologies;
• nervousness.

Top 20 best nootropics. List of drugs by effectiveness

A fairly effective and completely safe remedy can have a beneficial effect on the brain, improving blood circulation and its activity.

This drug does not dilate blood vessels, makes the neuromuscular connection stronger and utilizes glucose.

Another advantage of the nootropic is its positive effect on the learning process and improving the memorization of information.

As for the shortcomings, buyers highlight only one nuance - the effect is not noticed immediately, but only after a couple of weeks from the moment you start taking the drug.

2. Phenotropil

Tablets have anti-amnestic properties, improve mood and increase the resistance of the human body to stressful conditions.

They are prescribed by specialists in case of depression, convulsive conditions, chronic alcoholism, as well as neurotic problems. The drug is famous for its ability to improve vision and facilitate the learning process. In addition, it replenishes energy reserves in the consumer's body.

In addition to contraindications to the use of the nootropic, it has another disadvantage - you can buy it only with a doctor's prescription.

3. Combitropil

The product, sold in the form of capsules, contains cinnarizine and piracetam, which ensures its increased effectiveness.

It has not only nootropic, but also a vasodilating effect.

Among the negative qualities, only caution is noted when taking the drug for a long time, as side effects may appear.

4. Biotredin

A drug that improves memory, concentration and attention, helps reduce the craving for alcohol, and also eliminates headaches of any type. It is also important in the exchange of nucleic acids, as it improves it almost instantly.

Patients also like the remedy for increasing clarity in consciousness, discovering the hidden capabilities of the brain, the state of wakefulness and increasing vitality.

The disadvantages include the incompatibility of the drug with other antipsychotic pills, as well as an additional contraindication - hypersensitivity to vitamin B.

5. Calcium hopantenate

This remedy carries out its beneficial effect on the brain thanks to the main active substance, which is hopantenic acid.

The nootropic has anticonvulsant and analgesic properties, helps improve concentration and memory, and also speeds up blood flow in the brain. It does not contain toxic elements and is well tolerated by the body.

The negative sides include the increased effect of sedative pills and a prescription from a doctor upon purchase.

The excellent corrector of blood circulation in the brain is liked by both doctors and patients for its high efficiency and ability to improve mental activity in a short time.

The downside is the fact that when prescribing the drug intravenously, it must be administered slowly, which not every person can do on their own.

A drug with analgesic, nootropic and tranquilizing effects improves metabolic processes in tissues, copes well with mental disorders and helps reduce anxiety.

Moreover, the tool helps to increase the resistance of the human brain to oxygen starvation and the adverse effects of toxins.

As for the disadvantages of this drug, they all come down only to the main side effects and contraindications.

The remedy in the form of drops stimulates the energy processes of the brain and increases its resistance to various stresses and hypoxia.

It is absorbed quite quickly, does not affect the hormonal background and does not harm health. It is also worth noting the neurometabolic effect of the nootropic, which is pronounced even in the case of taking drops in minimal doses.

The downside is irritation of the nasal mucosa if you use the remedy for too long.

9. Acephen

The composition is good in that it helps to improve the blood supply to the brain, eliminate depression, activate cognitive activity, and also develop the body's resistance to lack of oxygen and toxic effects. It also has an antihypoxic effect and calms the nervous system.

Speaking about the shortcomings of the remedy, it is worth mentioning not only the need for a prescription from a doctor upon purchase, but also the fact that in patients with schizophrenia taking this drug, hallucinations begin to appear more often and their duration increases.

10. Cogitum

This type of nootropic gained popularity due to the relief of the condition of patients with cerebral palsy, the restoration of the nervous system, as well as the ability to take not only with water, but also with other drinks.

Its negative quality is hyperactivity or excessive tearfulness in children taking the remedy, although such phenomena are rarely observed.

11. Glycine

Well-known soothing pills are famous for being allowed to be taken by both adults and children.

In addition, they are available without a prescription and are affordable for everyone. The tool calms the nerves, makes cognitive functions work, activates thought processes and speeds up memorization.

In addition, its components quickly penetrate the tissues, so it does not take long to wait for a positive effect.

12. Vinpocetine

An excellent nootropic is designed to dilate blood vessels and improve microcirculation, which makes it effective. It provides the brain tissues with the necessary nutrients and oxygen.

Moreover, this remedy lowers blood pressure, bringing it back to normal, and also thins the blood.

The drug even has an antioxidant effect.

13. Phenibut

This drug plays an important role in stimulating the brain.

It normalizes blood circulation, improves night sleep, eliminates daytime sleepiness, has an antioxidant property, and also has a beneficial effect on memory and concentration. In addition, tablets help improve the emotional stability of the central nervous system.

The only drawback of this drug is the fact that it cannot be purchased without a prescription.

A drug with antidepressant and anti-anxiety properties strengthens the human nervous system and improves memory. It is well tolerated by both adults and children, so this drug is used more often in pediatrics and for the elderly.

This nootropic is quite effective and does not cause any particular harm to health, if you follow the contraindications and do not ignore the doctor's recommendations.

Among the shortcomings, experts note the fact that in the case of severe disorders of the nervous system, the drug has no effect.

15. Cerebrolysin

A high-quality nootropic helps to bring the brain into activity, returns the “foot emphasis” and makes it possible to accelerate the development of mental activity in children. In addition, it improves speech skills.

The disadvantage is the appearance of convulsions as a result of an incorrect injection.

16. Piracetam

This drug is not in vain included in the list of leaders.

It is prescribed specifically for the treatment of memory problems, intellectual disabilities, as well as psycho-organic syndrome, which entails frequent dizziness.

The main advantage of this remedy is the sensitive functioning of the brain after administration.

In the case of an increase in the dosage indicated in the instructions, a change in the physiological state is possible (from excessive agitation to severe drowsiness and vice versa), which is the main disadvantage.

17. Pantogam

Nootropic gently affects the nervous system and is allowed for use by adults and children.

In the first case, tablets are prescribed, in the second - syrup. It helps the body cope with a decrease in mental performance, as well as schizophrenia.

Side effects when taking it are extremely rare.

18. Cortexin

An excellent drug without side reactions is famous for its low toxicity and the absence of disadvantages, with the exception of high cost.

Tablets effectively fight against circulatory disorders of the brain, epileptic seizures and reduced learning ability.

This nootropic is usually prescribed for children.

19. Picamilon

A drug with sufficiently powerful anti-aggregate, antioxidant and tranquilizing properties helps to increase brain performance in a short time.

It perfectly regulates the mental powers and calms the nerves.

20. Pramiracetam

The list of leaders is completed by a remedy that belongs to the category of racetams.

It has a positive effect on intelligence, concentration and memory. As for side effects, they appear very rarely when taking these pills, moreover, they are poorly expressed.

It also has a great effect on the cognitive capabilities of the brain, which is a considerable advantage.

Remember, self-medication is dangerous, consult a doctor for advice on the use of any medications.

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Many people notice that with age or for other reasons (after strokes, traumatic brain injuries, asphyxia at birth and other lesions of the central nervous system), their thinking becomes more difficult to solve production and domestic problems. And sometimes the mental load is too high for normal perception (for students during exams). In such cases, new generation nootropics prescribed by a neuropathologist come to the rescue.

Patients often ask questions: what are nootropics and how do they affect the central nervous system? It is worth learning more about this in order to use these funds more competently.

Nootropic drugs are drugs that improve metabolic processes in the brain and protect it from harmful effects. Due to this, they have a positive effect on the memorization of information, mental activity and the ability to learn.

Nootropics for the brain are officially classified as psychotropic drugs, but they differ from them in their ability to protect the brain from hypoxia () and a much smaller number of side effects (do not cause drowsiness, do not reduce responsiveness, do not depress brain activity, there is no addiction to them).

Groups

The list of nootropic drugs for the brain is very extensive, therefore, for convenience, they are divided into the following main groups:

• Preparations of gamma-aminobutyric acid ("Aminalon", "Pikamilon" and others).
• Preparations of pyrrolidone (piracetam) and diaphenylpyrrolidone (phenotropil).
• Pyridoxine derivatives (pyritinol).
• Polypeptides (cerebrolysin).
• Vitamin-like substances (idebenone).
• Amino acids (glycine, tyrosine).
• Other groups.

Neuroprotective substances that reduce oxygen starvation of the central nervous system, prevent convulsions, and relax muscles are considered close to nootropics in terms of effects.

Means with a nootropic effect stimulate cognitive functions, contribute to better memorization and assimilation of information, learning. They improve interneuronal connections in the brain. The protective effect of nootropics (cerebroprotectors) consists in the normalization of carbohydrate metabolism in the central nervous system, stimulation of neuronal recovery, antioxidant effect, and stabilization of cell membranes.

The mechanism of action of nootropics on the brain includes the following effects:

• antioxidant;
• antihypoxic;
• neuroprotection;
• membrane stabilization.

In order for a positive effect to occur, nootropic drugs must be taken in courses for a long time, since their effect usually does not appear or is minimal after one tablet. Often they are prescribed in combination with other drugs that strengthen and protect the nervous system (vitamins, statins, psychostimulants).

As a rule, such treatment is indicated for elderly people, or those who have had an organic one, and sometimes it is prescribed for children so that they develop normally.

Indications

Which nootropics are best for the brain should be decided individually by a neurologist.

There are such indications of nootropics for their purpose:

• Diseases leading to degenerative phenomena in the central nervous system, such as dyscirculatory encephalopathy, ischemic stroke, traumatic brain injury, brain infections, epilepsy.
• Constant abuse of alcohol.
• Constant drug use.
• Asthenic syndrome, insufficient sleep.
• various neuroses.
• Mental illness.
• Mental retardation in childhood.

Contraindications

Contraindications to these drugs depend on the group of a particular drug. For people who have had an allergic reaction to the nootropic, it is contraindicated. However, they can pick up a drug with a similar effect with a different composition.

It is also impossible to take nootropics after a hemorrhagic stroke, with renal or hepatic insufficiency, during pregnancy and breastfeeding. It must be remembered that in order to avoid undesirable effects, treatment with nootropic substances should be prescribed by a doctor. With self-medication, the risk of various complications is much higher.

Side effect

When taking modern nootropic drugs, side effects occur much less frequently.

The following undesirable effects are possible:

• sleep disturbance;
• general weakness;
• increased excitability;
• digestive disorders (dyspepsia);
• toxic effects on the liver and kidneys;
• feeling of heat in the face and its redness;
• allergic rash;
• increase in body temperature;
• deterioration in balance;
• sometimes - worsening of the flow.

Description

New generation nootropics for the brain are usually more effective and have fewer side effects compared to older drugs:

1. Piracetam: has a positive effect on metabolic processes in the central nervous system. Indications for it are bouts of dizziness, speech disorders in children, memory impairment. It is used as part of a complex emergency treatment for alcoholic delirium, inflammatory processes in the brain, heart attacks.
2. Phezam: used when . It improves the passage of blood through the microvasculature and promotes metabolic processes in the brain tissue. It also has a positive effect on the auditory and visual centers, has a pronounced antihypoxic effect, helps with headaches, memory and attention disorders.
3. Cerebrolysin: The positive effect of this medicine has been proven in studies. There are forms for oral and intravenous administration. In complex therapy, it helps with strokes, craniocerebral injuries. It is also used for mental disorders. It has a positive effect on the mood and general well-being of patients, improves cognitive functions.

The term "nootropics" appeared in 1972, this word consists of two Greek "noos" - mind and "tropos" - change. It turns out that nootropics are designed to change the human mind, with the help of biochemistry, affecting the central nervous system.

Their predecessors in improving the functioning of the brain were psychostimulants, which had a strong, but short-term effect on a person. They increased the body's endurance, resistance to stress, caused general excitement, activity and euphoria. If not for the strongest negative side effects and the emergence of addiction, psychostimulants would have conquered humanity. But the aftereffect in the form of severe depression and a complete breakdown of strength oppressed a person so much that he could even drive him to suicide.

Synthetic nootropics

After taking nootropics, there are practically no negative effects, they are not addictive. But they also do not have psychostimulants. To feel the result of taking nootropics, you need to take a course lasting 1-3 months.

The action of nootropic drugs is due to the improvement and acceleration of metabolism in nerve tissues, the protection of neurons in the event of a lack of oxygen and toxic effects. In fact, nootropics protect the brain from aging. There are a lot of nootropics on the market right now, but here are some of the more common ones:

Piracetam (Nootropil) is the first of the nootropics. It is prescribed for disorders of attention and memory, nervous disorders, brain injuries, alcoholism and vascular diseases. It can also be used independently (without exceeding the dose) for better perception and assimilation of the training material. The following side effects were rarely noted: drowsiness or agitation, dizziness and nausea, increased sexual activity. The analogue of "Piracetam" ("Nootropil") is "Phenotropil" ("Phenylpiracetam").

"Acephen" ("Cerutil", "Meclofenoksat", "Centrofenoksin") contains the substance of acetylcholine - a transmitter of nervous excitation, an indispensable participant in the work of the human NS. This series of nootropic drugs accelerates all processes of excitation and inhibition, improves blood supply to the brain, and has a psychostimulating effect. It also protects the brain from aging and is used in conjunction with Piracetam to improve mental abilities. There were side effects from the side of the National Assembly: anxiety, insomnia, increased appetite.

"Selegiline" ("Deprenyl", "Yumex") contains the substance selegiline, which suppresses the action of enzymes that inhibit phenethylamine and dopamine. After 40 years of pleasure enzymes of the dopamine series, much less is produced than in youth. "Selegilin" is positioned as for people of middle and old age. It is used in the treatment of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. With a sufficiently long-term use of the drug, memory, mood and general well-being improve. "Selegiline", according to medical scientists, when taken at 5 mg per day, can increase a person's life expectancy by 15 years!

Nootropics are drugs designed to speed up the metabolism in the cells of the nervous system and increase mental performance. First of all, they are intended for people suffering from neurological diseases (stroke, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and others). In such cases, drugs prevent the destruction of diseased cells and stimulate them to work at the level of healthy ones.
A side effect of nootropics is the stimulation of mental activity. People taking nootropics perceive and remember information better, think more efficiently and are less prone to stress and mental stress. Due to this property, medicines are popular not only among patients, but also among people who wish to improve their ability to think.

Pramiracetam is a powerful member of the racetam class of drugs. It has a beneficial effect on human cognitive functions:

• improves short-term and long-term memory;
• accelerates thought processes and internal dialogue inside the human head;
• increases the level of motivation, and also helps to bring thoughts and goals to the end;

• nausea and abdominal pain;
• pain in the head.

9. Sulbutiamin

Sulbutiamine - vitamin B1, soluble in fat, has a wide range of positive characteristics:

• the drug accelerates oxygen in the body;
• copes well with depression;
• improves coordination and fine motor skills of movements;
• enhances alertness and concentration.

Hydrafinil is a substance of the Eugoric class, which has a strong invigorating effect.

The main purpose of the drug is to increase energy and overall vigor. It also has a number of other effects:

• enhances attention and learning;
• increases the intensity of mental activity;
• speeds up reflexes.

• skin rashes;
• pain in the head;
• sleep problems.

7.5-htp

The full name is 5-hydroxytryptophan. The drug, due to its ability to naturally increase the content of serotonin in the body, is the most effective and safe alternative to classic antidepressants. 5-hydroxytryptophan, unlike antidepressants, acts specifically on the level of serotonin, and not on melatonin and neurotrophic factors.
The medicine also has a beneficial effect on human sleep and fights insomnia. It is suitable for people who want to overcome stress and anxiety - depression without the use of potent antidepressants.

There are only 2 side effects of the drug - excessive drowsiness and nausea that occur when the conditions for taking the drug are violated.

6.DMAE

DMAE (stands for dimethylethanolamine) is a drug consisting of organic compounds present in fish. Characteristics of the drug:

• increases life expectancy;
• improves the performance of the liver;
• positively affects the psycho-emotional mood;
• used in the prevention of intellectual - mnestic disorders.

The course of taking the drug is recommended for people who want to increase their overall level of health, psycho-emotional state, mindfulness and memory. Also, the drug is suitable for people who practice lucid dreams.
If the dosage is too high, the following consequences may occur:

• confusion of thought;
• hyperactivity and difficulty falling asleep.

5. Aniracetam

Aniracetam stands out among other representatives of the racetam class with its features, including:

• stimulation of the overall performance of the body;
• a beneficial effect on the emotions and creative thinking of a person;
• effective fight against stress and depression.

After completing the course, a person has a long-term improvement in social adaptability. A person thinks more clearly, can remember more information. Aniracetam is an excellent choice for creative, socially active people who work with a lot of information and are prone to mood swings. There are only two negative effects - abdominal pain and skin rashes.

Fasoracetam is a drug originally developed to treat Alzheimer's disease. Later, it was also used as an effective prevention of dementia, an antidepressant and a tranquilizer.

Nootropic properties include:

• significant effect on receptors responsible for long-term memory;
• increasing mindfulness and learning;
• maintaining clarity of mind and orderliness of thoughts.

Fasoracetam works for a long time and does not lose its effectiveness. The list of side effects contains:

• the possibility of an allergy;
• pain in the head;
• nausea and vomiting in overdose.

Nootropics or neurometabolic stimulants are medicinal substances that improve the mental and mental activity of the brain. Nootropic drugs directly affect the higher state, and also protect the central nervous system from various negative factors and everyday phenomena. In this article, we will take a closer look at what nootropics are, how they affect processes in the human body, how this can affect.

Description and mechanism of action of the group

The first developments and scientific studies of nootropic substances that could improve the psycho-emotional component of the human began at the dawn of the 60s of the twentieth century.

Since then, many neurometabolic stimulants have been developed that can improve brain function by stimulating blood microcirculation. Moreover, such stimulants protect the brain from all kinds of harmful external influences, including.

Did you know?Corneliu Giurgea is a Romanian psychologist and chemist who is considered the inventor of nootropics. In 1964, he isolated neurotransmitter substances from the Piracetam cocktail.

To date, there are two main groups of nootropics: true and neuroprotective. The substances that make up the first group contribute to the activation of the mnestic function of the brain, and no longer affect the psycho-emotional component in any way.
While neuroprotectors are able to have a complex effect on the mental system. The effect of neurometabolic stimulants can be both primary (the substance binds directly to the neuron and interacts with it) and secondary (has antihypoxic and antiplatelet effects).

Physicians and scientists refer to nootropics with many different terms: neuroanabolic, neuroregulatory, neurodynamic, or eutotrophic.

The mechanism of action of such funds is complex, it is divided into several components.:

• The components of neuroregulatory substances contribute to the acceleration of the synthesis of proteins and RNA, which activate the activity of the central, in particular, its plastic component.
• Antioxidant and antihypoxic effects make it possible to enhance the processes of ATP synthesis, and this directly affects the energy component of the state of neurons.
• Neuroprotectors are the main utilizers of glucose.
• Synaptic transformation of impulses in the central nervous system increases significantly under the influence of nootropics.
• Stabilization of the functionality of the CNS membranes.

Moreover, nootropics are able to interact with neurotransmitters, substances that are responsible for the frequency and speed of impulses that transmit information to the central nervous system. The direct effect of neurometabolic stimulants on adenylate cyclase promotes the release of seratonin from sensory neurons.

Also, this effect helps the production of ATP in brain cells without the participation of oxygen, and this contributes to the normal functioning of the central nervous system in conditions of hypoxia (lack of oxygen).

Classification by chemical composition

According to the chemical composition, nootropics are classified as follows::

• derivatives of dimethylaminoethanol;
• pyrrolidone derivatives;
• pyridoxine derivatives;
• derivatives of diaphenyllyrrolidone;
• analogs of neuropeptides and the neuropeptide itself;
• analogues and derivatives of gamma-aminobutyric acid;
• 2-mercantobenzimidazole derivatives;
• amino acids and analogues that have a stimulating effect on the amino acid system of the central nervous system;
• organic composites and polypeptides;
• funds based on vitamin complexes;
• other nootropic substances (psychostimulants, neuromodulators, adaptogens, antihypoxants, etc.).

Indications for use

At first, any classes of neurometabolic stimulants were used only in the fight against mental impairment in age.

A little later, when various world laboratories began to speak out about their supposedly proven effectiveness of nootropics, they began to be used in narcology, pediatrics, psychiatry, and neurology.
To date, a doctor can prescribe a therapeutic course of treatment with such chemicals in cases of the following diseases:

• Alzheimer's disease and or senile dementia;
• neuroinfection, intoxication;
• neurosis-like or neurotic disorder;
• psychoorganic syndrome;
• vegetovascular dystonia;
• craniocerebral and impaired blood circulation in the brain;
• cerebrovascular insufficiency of a chronic type;
• chronic (withdrawal, encephalopathy);
• syndromes and intellectual-mnestic disorders.

Popular drugs

To date, there are many nootropic drugs, in particular the new generation, which are derivatives of various chemicals, they have different effects on the central nervous system.
We provide a list of nootropics that are best taken for various clinical indications below, but which ones will be most effective for you should be decided by your healthcare provider.

Piracetam (Nootropil)

This drug refers to chemically active substances, the effect on the human body of which has not been fully proven.
"Nootropil" is a prominent representative of the group of neurostimulating substances, which, according to manufacturers, is able to improve brain activity, promote the synthesis of ribonucleic acid, and improve cerebral microcirculation of red blood cells.

On the territory of our country, this drug is often used for Alzheimer's disease and various diseases of the central nervous system.
Many medical professionals around the world believe that "Piracetam", except for the "Placebo effect", has no effect, but recent clinical studies have confirmed the fact that this drug helps to reduce platelet aggregation, thereby improving blood microcirculation in the brain.

Pramiracetam

Like the previous substance, it is a neurometabolic stimulant (a derivative of piracetam), but with a more pronounced effect, and therefore is used in lower dosages.
According to manufacturers, it stimulates and. The full effect of the drug has not been proven, therefore Pramiracetam considered to be a homeopathic remedy.

Cavinton (Vinpocetine)

It is a Hungarian neurodynamic drug that has a therapeutic effect on the affected areas of the brain. It improves blood microcirculation in ischemic areas by relaxing smooth muscles.
Since the mid-80s, it has been manufactured synthetically based on vincamine. It is used to treat cerebral (acute) with impaired cerebral blood flow. The effectiveness of "Cavinton" for many decades has often been questioned. At the beginning of the 19th century, the drug was included in the list of biologically active additives (BAA).

It is a pharmaceutical preparation, the main component of which is hopantenic acid, which is involved in many processes of brain activity. This tool shows its greatest effectiveness in the treatment of chronic intoxication, as well as during periods of increased risk of hypoxia.
"Pantogam" stimulates various functional actions in the system of neurons and helps to accelerate the transmission of neuron-neuron signals.

This sedative drug is included in the list of the best nootropics of the latest generation, the effect of which is to a large extent proven. Clinical studies have shown that Pantogam is able to improve the mental activity of adolescents who have speech and writing disorders.

Domestic tableted nootropic drug, which is used in the medical practice of Russia (in other countries of the world it has not found its application).

Included in the list of the most important medicines. Widely used as a neuroprotective, antihypoxic and psychostimulant agent.
Employees of medical institutions often prescribe "Semax" for recovery from ethanol intoxication, inflammation of the nerves in areas near the brain, and chronic disorders of cerebral blood flow.

In addition, this drug has been used in pediatrics for more than a dozen years, where its effectiveness and safety has been repeatedly proven.

"Semax" is not addictive and "withdrawal" syndrome. Moreover, it easily overcomes the blood-brain barrier and stabilizes all brain processes.

It is a neurometabolic stimulant that has a stimulating, anticonvulsant and antitoxic effect. In 2007, Phenotropil was recognized as an obsolete drug, the frequency of its use for therapeutic purposes has sharply decreased.
Moreover, this drug was recognized as one of those nootropics, the effectiveness of which has not been proven. However, "Phenotropil" has found its application in the world, where it is actively used as a doping, some global companies even produce the active substance "Phenotropil" under a different name.

Nootropic agent, a derivative of gamma-aminobutyric acid. It is a domestic drug, which was included in the list of important medicines in the mid-70s.
The developers talked about what would lower the level of stress and stabilize too high levels of CNS activity. Almost all tablets based on gamma-aminobutyric acid are able to calm and improve sleep, in addition, they enhance the effect of sleeping pills and narcotic drugs.

Important!"Phenibut" with prolonged use can be addictive.

With stuttering, chronic stress, Meniere's disease. Phenibut can be shown as a medicine. The main substance of Phenibut directly affects neurons and reduces their activity, which helps to calm and.
In high doses, it exhibits an analgesic effect. For children under 10 years old and people who constantly use drugs and alcohol, Phenibut is contraindicated.

This pharmacy drug belongs to nootropic drugs, the derivatives of which are simple amino acids. developed on the basis of aminoacetic acid, it has a calming, sedative, anti-stress and hypnotic effect.
Moreover, according to the manufacturers, "Glycine" helps to improve memory and protect the central nervous system from various unpleasant external stimuli (the consequences of intoxication with drug addiction and alcoholism).

And "Glycine" is one of the few drugs that can reduce and stimulate the production of serotonin (which makes people happy).

Side effects and contraindications

Side effects from the use of neurometabolic stimulants may occur from the side of the psychological component. Often such effects occur with overdoses or prolonged use of drugs.
Patients may experience hyperactivity of the CNS processes, which manifests itself in the form of increased, impaired. in 5% of cases causes side effects with increasing dosages.

Cancellation of the drug entails the disappearance of any side effects. In addition, "Piracetam" and "Acephen" should not be used as sedatives and mild sleeping pills, as they stimulate the central nervous system.

Did you know?Every fourth Harvard student takes nootropics, although these substances are not medicinal substances in their country (medics say that they are practically ineffective).

From the side of the neuralgic component, tendon reflexes, tremor, dizziness may occur. From the side of the somatic system, there are also a number of unpleasant side effects.

Sometimes there may be a loss of taste, dry mouth. Elderly people complain of high blood pressure and dizziness with long-term use of nootropics.
In addition, improper and uncontrolled intake of neurometabolic stimulants can cause various types. "Pyriditol" can complicate the course of the disease in people suffering from rheumatoid arthritis.

Also, nootropics are prohibited for use by people who have had a hemorrhagic stroke and those who suffer from a hereditary disease of the central nervous system - Hettington's chorea.

Who Prescribes Nootropics?

Nootropics have a wide range of applications in the medical practice of our country. In almost all other countries of the world, homeopathic medicines have long since faded into the background. However, our doctors prescribe nootropics for a variety of diseases, as we have already talked about.
For example, the drug "Fenibut" can be prescribed even by a cardiologist. The whole point is that patients with vegetovascular dystonia, for the most part, first of all turn to a cardiologist because of jumps in blood pressure and a constant “feeling” of rhythm.

And since VVD is not serious, which can lead to unpleasant consequences, the cardiologist often prescribes various homeopathic medicines, among which there are nootropics.

Important!Some nootropic substances in high dosages can cause drug intoxication.

But to a greater extent, nootropic drugs are prescribed by psychiatrists, neurologists and pediatricians. In addition, toxicologists and narcologists can also prescribe nootropics with caution.

It can be concluded that the safety of the use of nootropics is quite high, but the effectiveness has not been fully proven. Therefore, it is up to you to decide whether to take such drugs or not.