He was elected the first chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR. What was the national composition of the first Council of People's Commissars

The Bolsheviks introduced only one Jew, Trotsky L. D., to the first composition of the Council of People's Commissars, who took the post of People's Commissariat of Foreign Affairs.

The national composition of the Council of People's Commissars is still the subject of speculation:

Andrey Dikiy, in his work "Jews in Russia and the USSR", claims that the composition of the Council of People's Commissars was allegedly as follows:

Council of People's Commissars (Sovnarkom, SNK) 1918:

Lenin is chairman
Chicherin - foreign affairs, Russian;
Lunacharsky - enlightenment, Jew;
Dzhugashvili (Stalin) - nationalities, Georgians;
Protian - agriculture, Armenian;
Larin (Lurie) - economic council, Jew;
Schlichter - supply, Jew;
Trotsky (Bronstein) - army and navy, Jew;
Lander - state control, Jew;
Kaufman - state property, Jew;
V. Schmidt - labor, Jew;
Lilina (Knigissen) - national health, Jewish;
Svalbard - cults, Jew;
Zinoviev (Apfelbaum) - internal affairs, Jew;
Anvelt - hygiene, Jew;
Isidor Gukovsky - finance, Jew;
Volodarsky - press, Jew; Uritsky - elections, Jew;
I. Steinberg - justice, Jew;
Fengstein - refugees, Jew.

In total, out of 20 people's commissars - one Russian, one Georgian, one Armenian and 17 Jews.

Yuri Emelyanov in his work "Trotsky. Myths and Personality" provides an analysis of this list:

The "Jewish" character of the Council of People's Commissars was obtained through machinations: not the first composition of the Council of People's Commissars, published in the decree of the Second Congress of Soviets, is mentioned, but only those people's commissariats that were ever headed by Jews were pulled out of the many times changing composition of the Council of People's Commissars.

Thus, L. D. Trotsky, who was appointed to this post on April 8, 1918, is mentioned as People’s Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs, and A. G. Schlichter, who really held this post, but only until February 25, 1918 and, by the way, was not a Jew. At the moment when Trotsky really became the People's Commissar of the Navy, the Great Russian Tsyurupa A.D.

Another method of fraud is the invention of a number of people's commissariats that never existed.
So, Andrei Diky in the list of people's commissariats mentioned never existed people's commissariats for cults, for elections, for refugees, for hygiene.
Volodarsky is mentioned as People's Commissar for the Press; in fact, he really was a commissar for the press, propaganda and agitation, but not a people's commissar, a member of the Council of People's Commissars (that is, in fact, the government), but a commissar of the Union of Northern Communes (a regional association of Soviets), an active conductor of the Bolshevik Decree on the press.
And, on the contrary, the list does not include, for example, the real-life People's Commissariat of Railways and the People's Commissariat of Posts and Telegraphs.
As a result, even the number of people's commissariats does not agree with Andrei Diky: he mentions the number 20, although there were 14 people in the first composition, in 1918 the number was increased to 18.

Some positions are listed incorrectly. So, the chairman of the Petrosoviet, G. E. Zinoviev, is mentioned as People's Commissar for Internal Affairs, although he never held this position.
People's Commissar of Posts and Telegraphs Proshyan (here - "Protian") is assigned the leadership of "agriculture".

Jewishness was arbitrarily attributed to a number of persons, for example, the Russian nobleman Lunacharsky A.V., the Estonian Anvelt Ya.Ya., the Russified Germans Schmidt V.V. and Lander K.I., etc. The origin of Schlichter A.G. is not entirely clear , most likely, he is a Russified (more precisely, Ukrainianized) German.
Some persons are generally fictitious: Spitsberg (perhaps, this refers to the investigator of the VIII liquidation department of the People's Commissariat of Justice, I. A. Spitsberg, who became famous for his aggressive atheistic position), Lilina-Knigissen (perhaps, this refers to the actress Lilina M.P., the government never included, or Lilina (Bernstein) Z.I., who was also not a member of the Council of People's Commissars, but worked as the head of the department of public education under the executive committee of the Petrosoviet), Kaufman (possibly, this refers to cadet Kaufman A.A., according to some sources, attracted by the Bolsheviks as an expert in the development of land reform, but never a member of the Council of People's Commissars).

The list also mentions two Left Social Revolutionaries, whose non-Bolshevism is not indicated in any way: People's Commissar of Justice Steinberg I. Z. (referred to as "I. Steinberg") and People's Commissar of Posts and Telegraphs Proshyan P. P., referred to as "Protian-Agriculture" . Both politicians were extremely negative about the post-October Bolshevik policy. Gukovsky I. E. before the revolution belonged to the Mensheviks-“liquidators” and accepted the post of people’s commissar of finance only under pressure from Lenin.

And here is the real composition of the first Council of People's Commissars (according to the text of the decree):
Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars - Vladimir Ulyanov (Lenin)
People's Commissar for Internal Affairs - A. I. Rykov
People's Commissar of Agriculture - V. P. Milyutin
People's Commissar of Labor - A. G. Shlyapnikov
The People's Commissariat for Military and Naval Affairs - a committee consisting of: V. A. Ovseenko (Antonov) (in the text of the Decree on the formation of the Council of People's Commissars - Avseenko), N. V. Krylenko and P. E. Dybenko
People's Commissar for Trade and Industry - V. P. Nogin
People's Commissar of Public Education - A. V. Lunacharsky
People's Commissar for Finance - I. I. Skvortsov (Stepanov)
People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs - L. D. Bronstein (Trotsky)
People's Commissar of Justice - G. I. Oppokov (Lomov)
People's Commissar for Food Affairs - I. A. Teodorovich
People's Commissar of Posts and Telegraphs - N. P. Avilov (Glebov)
People's Commissar for Nationalities - I. V. Dzhugashvili (Stalin)
The post of People's Commissar for Railway Affairs remained temporarily unfilled.
The vacant post of People's Commissar for Railway Affairs was later taken by VI Nevsky (Krivobokov).

But what does it matter now? The chief said 80 - 85% of the Jews! So that's how it was! By the way, don't forget to write this down in your new history textbook. This certainly corresponds to the geopolitical interests of Russia, since Putin believes there ...

Or do you want to correct yourself? Oh, Jews, don't even think about it! Otherwise, blame yourself. In short, now the jamb with Bolshevik repressions is definitely on you!

Here is the exact quote from the guarantor:

"The decision to nationalize this library (Schneerson - AK) was made by the first Soviet government, and its members were approximately 80-85% Jews. But they, guided by false ideological considerations, then went to arrests and repressions of both Jews and Orthodox, and representatives of other faiths - Muslims - they were all one size fits all. These are ideological blinders and false ideological attitudes - they, thank God, collapsed. And today, in fact, we are, in fact, handing over these books to the Jewish community with a smile."

As they say, "Ostap suffered ..."

Council of People's Commissars (1917-1937) and its functional activities.

The history of Soviet state administration dates back to the Second Congress of Soviets. It met at a turning point, when Petrograd was in the hands of the insurgent workers and peasants, and the Winter Palace, where the bourgeois Provisional Government met, had not yet been taken by the insurgents. The creation of a new system of public administration began with the development and proclamation of certain political postulates. In this sense, the appeal of the Second Congress of Soviets "To the workers, soldiers, peasants!" formation of the Soviet state. Here the main directions of the domestic and foreign policy of the new state were formulated:

the establishment of peace, the gratuitous transfer of land to the peasantry, the introduction of workers' control over production, the democratization of the army, etc. The next day, October 26, these program theses were concretized and embodied in the first decrees of the Soviet government - "On Peace" and "On Land". Another decree formed the first Soviet government. The resolution of the congress stated: “To form for the management of the country until the convocation of the Constituent Assembly, a provisional workers' and peasants' government, which will be called the Council of People's Commissars. The management of individual branches of state life is entrusted to commissions, the composition of which should ensure the implementation of the program proclaimed by the congress. The following people's commissariats were established by decree: agriculture, labor, military and naval affairs, trade and industry, public education, finance, foreign affairs, justice, food, post and telegraph, nationalities and railway affairs. Control over the activities of people's commissars and the right to dismiss them belonged to the Congress of Soviets and its Central Executive Committee.

Soviet statehood was born under the strong influence of democratic sentiments that prevailed in society. At the same II Congress of Soviets V.I. Lenin argued that the Bolsheviks were striving to build a state in which “the government would always be under the control of the public opinion of its country ... In our view,” he said, “the state is strong by the consciousness of the masses. It is strong when the masses know everything, can judge everything and go for everything consciously. Such broad-based democracy was supposed to be realized by attracting the masses to the government of the state.

Is the emergence of a new government in Russia and the creation of a new system of government natural? In the literature, one can come across the point of view that the decisions of the Second Congress of Soviets were unlawful due to its insufficient representativeness. Indeed, the representation at the congress was not nationwide, but class-based: it was a congress of workers' and soldiers' deputies. The Peasant Congress of Soviets met separately, and the unification of the Soviets of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies took place only in January 1918. Nevertheless, such global changes in the life of the country could not have happened without a reason. The Second Congress of Soviets was undoubtedly the organ of the insurgent people, the organ of the revolutionary masses, representing practically the entire country and all more or less significant national regions. The congress expressed the will of the most organized and socially active part of society, which wanted changes for a better life and actively sought them. Although the congress was All-Russian, it was not and could not be nationwide.

The Soviet system of government was born in a multi-party system. According to researchers, there were about 300 political parties in Russia, which can be conditionally divided into regional, national and all-Russian ones. There were about 60 of the latter. The composition of the Second Congress of Soviets, according to party affiliation, was, as you know, mainly Bolshevik. But other socialist and liberal parties were also represented there. The position of the Bolsheviks was further strengthened when representatives of the Right Socialist-Revolutionaries, Mensheviks and Bundists left the congress. They demanded that the forum be suspended because, in their opinion, Lenin's supporters had usurped power. More than 400 local Soviets from the largest industrial and political centers of the country were represented at the congress.

The congress formed the supreme and central authorities. The All-Russian Congress of Soviets was declared the supreme body. He could decide any issues of state power and administration. The congress created the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (VTsIK), which acted as the supreme authority between congresses of Soviets. The All-Russian Central Executive Committee was created on the basis of proportional representation from all party factions of the congress. Of the 101 members of the first composition of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, 62 were Bolsheviks, 29 were Left Socialist-Revolutionaries, 6 were Menshevik-Internationalists, 3 were Ukrainian Socialists and 1 was a Maximalist Socialist-Revolutionary. Bolshevik L.B. was elected chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee. Kamenev. The government formed by decision of the Second Congress of Soviets, the Council of People's Commissars (Sovnarkom, SNK), became the central authority. It was also headed by the Bolshevik V.I. Lenin. The Left Socialist-Revolutionaries and the Menshevik-Internationalists received an offer to join the government, but they refused. A distinctive feature of the new authorities and administration was the combination of legislative and executive functions. Not only the resolutions of the Congress of Soviets and the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, but also the decrees of the Council of People's Commissars and even acts of individual people's commissariats had the force of law.

Thus, the II Congress of Soviets proclaimed the creation of a new state, formed the authorities and administration. At the congress, the most general principles of the organization of Soviet statehood were formulated and the foundation was laid for the creation of a new system of state administration.

The Bolsheviks, having seized power, were looking for ways to expand its social base. To this end, they negotiated with the leaders of the Left SRs on the conditions for their entry into the Council of People's Commissars. At the beginning of November 1917, at the plenary session of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, a compromise resolution "On the conditions of the agreement of the socialist parties" was adopted. It emphasized that an agreement was possible only if the Second Congress of Soviets was recognized as the "only source of power" and the "program of the Soviet government, as expressed in the decrees on land, peace" was recognized.

Negotiations between the Bolsheviks and the Left SRs ended in December 1917 with the creation of a coalition government. The SNK, along with the Bolsheviks, included seven representatives of the Left Socialist-Revolutionary Party. They headed the Commissariats of Agriculture (A.L. Kolegaev), Posts and Telegraphs (P.P. Proshyan), Local Government (V.E. Trutovsky), Property (V.A. Karelin) and Justice (I.Z. Steinberg) . In addition, V.A. Aglasov and A.I. Diamonds became people's commissars without a portfolio (with a decisive vote). The first was a member of the Board of the People's Commissariat of Internal Affairs, the second - the People's Commissariat of Finance. The Left Social Revolutionaries, holding important positions in the cabinet, like the Bolsheviks, were responsible for the key areas of government activity under the conditions of the revolution. This made it possible to expand the social base of management processes and thereby strengthen state power. The alliance with the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries left a noticeable mark on the administrative practice of the first months of Soviet power. Representatives of the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries were included not only in the central government bodies, but also in the governments of the national republics, the revolutionary committees of the bodies for the struggle against counter-revolution, and the leadership of army units. With their direct participation, the “Declaration of the rights of the working and exploited people” was developed and adopted by the III All-Russian Congress of Soviets, proclaiming Russia a Republic of Soviets. Together with the Bolsheviks, the Left SRs unanimously voted in the All-Russian Central Executive Committee for the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly.

The bloc with the Left SRs allowed the Bolsheviks to solve the most important political and administrative task - to unite the Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies with the Soviets of Peasants' Deputies. The unification took place at the III All-Russian Congress of Soviets in January 1918. A new composition of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee was elected at the congress, which included 160 Bolsheviks and 125 Left Social Revolutionaries.

However, the alliance with the Left SRs was short-lived. March 18, 1918, not recognizing the ratification of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries withdrew from the government

The Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR (Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, SNK RSFSR) is the name of the government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from the October Revolution of 1917 to 1946. The SNK included people's commissars who led the people's commissariats (people's commissariats, NK). Similar Councils of People's Commissars were created in other Soviet republics; during the formation of the USSR, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was also created at the union level.

general information

The Council of People's Commissars (SNK) was formed in accordance with the "Decree on the Establishment of the Council of People's Commissars", adopted by the II All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers', Soldiers' and Peasants' Deputies on October 27, 1917.

Immediately before the seizure of power on the day of the revolution, the Bolshevik Central Committee instructed Kamenev and Winter (Berzin) to enter into political contact with the Left SRs and begin negotiations with them on the composition of the government. During the work of the Second Congress of Soviets, the Bolsheviks offered the Left SRs to enter the government, but they refused. The factions of the Right Socialist-Revolutionaries and Mensheviks left the Second Congress of Soviets at the very beginning of its work - before the formation of the government. The Bolsheviks were forced to form a one-party government.

The name "Council of People's Commissars" was suggested by Trotsky:

Power in Petersburg has been won. We need to form a government.

How to call it? Lenin reasoned aloud. Only not ministers: this is a vile, tattered name.

It could be commissars, I suggested, but now there are too many commissars. Maybe high commissioners? No, "supreme" sounds bad. Is it possible "folk"?

People's Commissars? Well, that would probably work. What about the government as a whole?

Council of People's Commissars?

The Council of People's Commissars, Lenin echoed, is excellent: it smells terribly of revolution.

The Council of People's Commissars lost the character of a temporary governing body after the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly, which was legally enshrined in the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1918. The body of the general administration of the affairs of the RSFSR - which in the Constitution of the RSFSR was called the "Council of People's Commissars" or the "Workers' and Peasants' Government" - was the highest executive and administrative body of the RSFSR, having full executive and administrative power, the right to issue decrees that have the force of law, while combining legislative, administrative and executive functions.

The issues considered by the Council of People's Commissars were decided by a simple majority of votes. The meetings were attended by members of the Government, the chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the manager of affairs and secretaries of the Council of People's Commissars, representatives of departments.

The permanent working body of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR was the administration of affairs, which prepared questions for meetings of the Council of People's Commissars and its standing committees, and received delegations. The staff of the administration of affairs in 1921 consisted of 135 people. (according to the data of the TsGAOR of the USSR, f. 130, op. 25, d. 2, ll. 19 - 20.)

By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of March 23, 1946, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR was transformed into the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR.

[edit] Legislative framework of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR

According to the Constitution of the RSFSR dated July 10, 1918, the activities of the Council of People's Commissars are:

management of the general affairs of the RSFSR, management of individual branches of government (art. 35, 37)

the issuance of legislative acts and the adoption of measures "necessary for the regular and rapid course of public life." (Art. 38)

The people's commissar has the right to single-handedly make decisions on all issues within the jurisdiction of the commissariat, bringing them to the attention of the collegium (Article 45).

All adopted resolutions and decisions of the Council of People's Commissars are reported by the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (Article 39), which has the right to suspend and cancel the decision or decision of the Council of People's Commissars (Article 40).

17 people's commissariats are being created (in the Constitution, this figure is indicated erroneously, since there are 18 of them in the list presented in Article 43).

on foreign affairs;

on military affairs;

for maritime affairs;

for internal affairs;

social security;

education;

post and telegraph;

on affairs of nationalities;

for financial matters;

means of communication;

agriculture;

trade and industry;

food;

State control;

Supreme Council of the National Economy;

healthcare.

Under each people's commissar and under his chairmanship, a collegium is formed, whose members are approved by the Council of People's Commissars (Article 44).

With the formation of the USSR in December 1922 and the creation of an all-union government, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR becomes the executive and administrative body of state power of the Russian Federation. The organization, composition, competence and procedure for the activities of the Council of People's Commissars were determined by the Constitution of the USSR of 1924 and the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1925.

Since then, the composition of the Council of People's Commissars has been changed in connection with the transfer of a number of powers to allied departments. 11 people's commissariats were established:

domestic trade;

finance

internal affairs

enlightenment

health care

agriculture

social security

The Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR now included, with the right of a decisive or advisory vote, authorized people's commissariats of the USSR under the Government of the RSFSR. The Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR allocated, in turn, a permanent representative to the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. (According to the information of the SU, 1924, N 70, Art. 691.) Since February 22, 1924, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR have a single Administration of Affairs. (Based on the materials of the TsGAOR of the USSR, f. 130, op. 25, d. 5, l. 8.)

With the introduction of the Constitution of the RSFSR of January 21, 1937, the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR is accountable only to the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR, in the period between its sessions - to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR.

Since October 5, 1937, the composition of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR has 13 people's commissariats (data from the Central State Administration of the RSFSR, f. 259, op. 1, d. 27, l. 204.):

Food Industry

light industry

timber industry

agriculture

grain state farms

livestock farms

finance

domestic trade

health care

enlightenment

local industry

public utilities

social security

The Council of People's Commissars also included the chairman of the State Planning Committee of the RSFSR and the head of the Department of Arts under the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR.

Plan
Introduction
1 General information
2 Legislative framework of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR
3 The first composition of the Council of People's Commissars of Soviet Russia
4 Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR
5 People's Commissars
6 Sources
Bibliography

Introduction

Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR (Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR, SNK RSFSR) - the name of the government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from the October Revolution of 1917 to 1946. The council consisted of people's commissars who led the people's commissariats (people's commissariats, NK). After the formation of the USSR, a similar body was created at the union level.

1. General information

The name "Council of People's Commissars" was suggested by Trotsky:

Power in Petersburg has been won. We need to form a government.

How to call it? Lenin reasoned aloud. Only not ministers: this is a vile, tattered name.

It could be commissars, I suggested, but now there are too many commissars. Maybe high commissioners? No, "supreme" sounds bad. Is it possible "folk"?

People's Commissars? Well, that would probably work. What about the government as a whole?

Council of People's Commissars?

The Council of People's Commissars, Lenin echoed, is excellent: it smells terribly of revolution.

According to the Constitution of 1918, it was called the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR.

The Council of People's Commissars was the highest executive and administrative body of the RSFSR, having full executive and administrative power, the right to issue decrees with the force of law, while combining legislative, administrative and executive functions.

By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of March 23, 1946, the Council of People's Commissars was transformed into the Council of Ministers.

2. Legislative framework of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR

According to the Constitution of the RSFSR dated July 10, 1918, the activities of the Council of People's Commissars are:

management of the general affairs of the RSFSR, management of individual branches of government (art. 35, 37)

· the issuance of legislative acts and the adoption of measures "necessary for the correct and rapid course of public life." (Art. 38)

The people's commissar has the right to single-handedly make decisions on all issues within the jurisdiction of the commissariat, bringing them to the attention of the collegium (Article 45).

17 people's commissariats are being created (in the Constitution, this figure is indicated erroneously, since there are 18 of them in the list presented in Article 43).

on foreign affairs;

on military affairs;

on maritime affairs;

on internal affairs;

justice;

social security;

education;

post and telegraph;

on the affairs of nationalities;

on financial matters;

· ways of communication;

· agriculture;

trade and industry;

food;

· State control;

· Supreme Council of National Economy;

health care.

Under each people's commissar and under his chairmanship, a collegium is formed, whose members are approved by the Council of People's Commissars (Article 44).

internal trade;

Finance

· internal affairs

justice

education

healthcare

farming

social security

· Food Industry

light industry

timber industry

farming

State grain farms

livestock farms

Finance

domestic trade

justice

healthcare

education

local industry

public utilities

social security

3. The first composition of the Council of People's Commissars of Soviet Russia

Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars - Vladimir Ulyanov (Lenin)

People's Commissar for Internal Affairs - A. I. Rykov

People's Commissar of Agriculture - V. P. Milyutin

People's Commissar of Labor - A. G. Shlyapnikov

People's Commissariat for Military and Naval Affairs - a committee consisting of: V. A. Ovseenko (Antonov) (in the text of the Decree on the formation of the Council of People's Commissars - Avseenko), N. V. Krylenko and P. E. Dybenko

People's Commissar for Trade and Industry - V. P. Nogin

People's Commissar of Public Education - A. V. Lunacharsky

People's Commissar of Finance - I. I. Skvortsov (Stepanov)

People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs - L. D. Bronstein (Trotsky)

People's Commissar of Justice - G. I. Oppokov (Lomov)

People's Commissar for Food Affairs - I. A. Teodorovich

People's Commissar of Posts and Telegraphs - N. P. Avilov (Glebov)

People's Commissar for Nationalities - I. V. Dzhugashvili (Stalin)

· The post of People's Commissar for Railway Affairs remained temporarily unfilled.

The vacant post of People's Commissar for Railway Affairs was later taken by V. I. Nevsky (Krivobokov).

4. Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR

5. People's Commissars

Vice Chairmen:

Rykov A. I. (from the end of May 1921-?)

Tsyurupa A.D. (5.12.1921-?)

Kamenev L. B. (Jan. 1922-?)

Foreign Affairs:

Trotsky L. D. (10/26/1917 - 04/08/1918)

Chicherin G. V. (05/30/1918 - 07/21/1930)

For military and naval affairs:

Antonov-Ovseenko V. A. (26.10.1917-?)

Krylenko N. V. (26.10.1917-?)

Dybenko P. E. (26.10.1917-18.3.1918)

Trotsky L.D. (8.4.1918 - 26.1.1925)

Interior:

Rykov A. I. (26.10. - 4.11.1917)

Petrovsky G.I. (11/17/1917-3/25/1919)

Dzerzhinsky F. E. (30.3.1919-6.7.1923)

Lomov-Oppokov G. I. (26.10 - 12.12.1917)

Steinberg I. Z. (12.12.1917 - 18.3.1918)

Stuchka P. I. (18.3. - 22.8.1918)

Kursky D. I. (22.8.1918 - 1928)

Shlyapnikov A. G. (10/26/1917 - 10/8/1918)

Schmidt V.V. (8.10.1918-4.11.1919 and 26.4.1920-29.11.1920)

State Charity (from 26.4.1918 - Social Security; NKSO 4.11.1919 merged with the NK Labor, 26.4.1920 divided):

Vinokurov A. N. (March 1918-4.11.1919; 26.4.1919-16.4.1921)

Milyutin N. A. (acting commissar, June-6.7.1921)

Enlightenment:

Lunacharsky A. V. (26.10.1917-12.9.1929)

Post and telegraph:

Glebov (Avilov) N. P. (10/26/1917-12/9/1917)

Proshyan P.P. (9.12.1917 - 18.03.1918)

Podbelsky V. N. (11.4.1918 - 25.2.1920)

Lyubovich A. M. (24.3-26.5.1921)

Dovgalevsky V. S. (26.5.1921-6.7.1923)

For nationalities:

Stalin I. V. (26.10.1917-6.7.1923)

Finance:

Skvortsov-Stepanov I. I. (10/26/1917 - 1/20/1918)

Diamonds M. A. (19.1.-18.03.1918)

Gukovsky I. E. (April-16.8.1918)

Sokolnikov G. Ya. (11/23/1922-16/1/1923)

Ways of communication:

Elizarov M. T. (8.11.1917-7.1.1918)

Rogov A. G. (24.2.-9.5.1918)

Nevsky V. I. (25.7.1918-15.3.1919)

Krasin L. B. (30.3.1919-20.3.1920)

Trotsky L. D. (20.3-10.12.1920)

Emshanov A. I. (20.12.1920-14.4.1921)

Dzerzhinsky F. E. (14.4.1921-6.7.1923)

Agriculture:

Milyutin V.P. (26.10 - 4.11.1917)

Kolegaev A. L. (24.11.1917 - 18.3.1918)

Sereda S.P. (3/4/1918 - 10/02/1921)

Osinsky N. (Deputy People's Commissar, 24.3.1921-18.1.1922)

Yakovenko V. G. (18.1.1922-7.7.1923)

Trade and Industry:

Nogin V.P. (26.10. - 4.11.1917)

Smirnov V. M. (25.1.1918-18.3.1918)

However, this list differs greatly from the official data on the composition of the first Council of People's Commissars. First, writes the Russian historian Yuri Emelyanov in his work “Trotsky. Myths and personality”, it includes people's commissars from various compositions of the Council of People's Commissars, which have changed many times. Secondly, according to Yemelyanov, Dikiy mentions a number of people's commissariats that never existed at all! For example, for cults, for elections, for refugees, for hygiene ... But the real people's commissariats of communications, post offices and telegraphs are absent in the list of Wild at all!
Further: Dyky claims that the first Council of People's Commissars included 20 people, although it is known that there were only 15 of them.
A number of positions are not specified correctly. So, the chairman of the Petrosoviet G.E. Zinoviev actually never held the post of People's Commissar of Internal Affairs. Proshyan, whom Dikiy calls "Protian" for some reason, was the People's Commissar for Posts and Telegraphs, not for agriculture.
Several of the mentioned "members of the Council of People's Commissars" never entered the government. I.A. Spitsberg was an investigator of the VIII liquidation department of the People's Commissariat of Justice. Who is meant by Lilina-Knigissen is not at all clear: either the actress M.P. Lilin, or Z.I. Lilina (Bernstein), who worked as the head of the department of public education at the executive committee of the Petrosoviet. Cadet A.A. Kaufman participated as an expert in the development of land reform, but he also had nothing to do with the Council of People's Commissars. The name of the People's Commissar of Justice was not Steinberg at all, but Steinberg ...

He was first elected at the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets on November 8 (October 26, old style), 1917, under the chairmanship of Vladimir Lenin, as a temporary workers' and peasants' government (until the Constituent Assembly was convened). Management of individual branches of state life was carried out by commissions. Government power belonged to the board of chairmen of these commissions, that is, the Council of People's Commissars. Control over the activities of people's commissars and the right to remove them belonged to the All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers', Peasants' and Soldiers' Deputies and its Central Executive Committee (CEC).

After the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly, the Third All-Russian Congress of Soviets on January 31 (January 18, old style), 1918, decided to abolish the word "provisional" in the name of the Soviet government, calling it the "Workers' and Peasants' Government of the Russian Soviet Republic."

According to the constitution of the RSFSR of 1918, adopted by the Fifth All-Russian Congress of Soviets on July 10, 1918, the government was called the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR.

In connection with the formation of the USSR in December 1922, a union government was created - the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, chaired by Vladimir Lenin (first approved at the second session of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR in July 1923).

In accordance with the Constitution of the USSR of 1924, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was the executive and administrative body of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR, formed by a decree of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR for the term of office of the Central Executive Committee, the Council of People's Commissars of the union and autonomous republics - the Central Executive Committee of the corresponding republics. The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR had to regularly report on the work done at the Congresses of Soviets of the USSR and sessions of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR.

The organization of direct management of the national economy and all other branches of state life was assigned to the competence of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. This leadership was carried out through the central sectoral bodies - non-united (union) and united (union-republican) people's commissariats of the USSR. The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR supervised the activities of the people's commissariats, considered their reports, settled disagreements between individual departments. He approved concession agreements, resolved disputes between the Councils of People's Commissars of the Union republics, considered protests and complaints against decisions of the USSR Council of Labor and Defense and other institutions under it, against the orders of people's commissars, approved the states of all-Union institutions, and appointed their leaders.

The jurisdiction of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR included the adoption of measures to implement the national economic plan and the state budget and to strengthen the monetary system, to ensure public order, to exercise general leadership in the field of external relations with foreign states, etc.

Legislative work was also assigned to the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR: it preliminary considered draft decrees and resolutions, which were then submitted for approval by the Central Executive Committee of the USSR and its presidium; .

The Constitution of 1936 made an addition to the definition of the place of government in the state mechanism. The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was defined as "the highest executive and administrative body of state power." In the Constitution of 1924, the word "supreme" was absent.
According to the Constitution of the USSR of 1936, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, the Council of People's Commissars of the Union and Autonomous Republics were formed respectively by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Supreme Soviets of the Union and Autonomous Republics.

The Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was formally responsible to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (SC) and accountable to it, and in the period between sessions of the SC, it was responsible to the Presidium of the USSR SC, to which it was accountable. The Council of People's Commissars could issue resolutions and orders binding on the entire territory of the USSR on the basis of and in pursuance of existing laws and check their implementation.

Orders, as state acts, began to be issued by the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR since 1941.

For the successful implementation of the functions assigned to it, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR could create committees, departments, commissions and other institutions.

Subsequently, a large network of special departments for various branches of government, operating under the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR, arose.

Vladimir Lenin (1923-1924), Alexei Rykov (1924-1930), Vyacheslav Molotov (1930-1941), Joseph Stalin (1941-1946) were the chairmen of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR.

In the post-war period, in order to introduce the names generally accepted in international state practice, by the law of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of March 15, 1946, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR was transformed into the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the people's commissariats into ministries.

The material was prepared on the basis of information from RIA Novosti and open sources