Pyoderma - treatment and drugs, photos, symptoms in children, prognosis. Pyoderma in children: symptoms and therapy at home, external manifestations on the skin

Pyoderma is one of the three most common childhood skin diseases along with scabies and fungal infections of the skin. As practice shows, it is impossible to completely protect a child from an illness, and at least once in a lifetime, children are faced with this unpleasant and rather painful phenomenon. We will talk about how to recognize pyoderma and how to treat it in this article.

What it is?

Translated from ancient Greek, the term "pyoderma" literally means "purulent skin". This fully reflects the essence of the disease. Pustules appear on the skin due to the penetration of bacteria - cocci into it. These are very common pathogens that literally surround a person, even if he is very sensitive to personal hygiene.

Spherical cocci bacteria can affect not only children, but also adults, but in childhood the disease occurs ten times more often due to the physiological characteristics of children's skin. It is more delicate, thin, vulnerable, its protective functions are significantly reduced compared to the skin of an adult. Local immunity in a child is less developed, and therefore the body often cannot resist the penetration of foreign and aggressive bacteria. The younger the child, the weaker the protective functions of his skin, and therefore pyoderma, like other dermatological diseases, is especially dangerous for children under one year old, whose local immunity is practically not developed.

According to medical statistics, More than 100 million children fall ill with pyoderma every year in the world. Moreover, the incidence rate in developed countries is no less than that in third world countries. But there is a certain climatic factor that affects not even the frequency of the disease, but the severity of its course.

In hotter countries and regions, especially in countries with a tropical and subtropical climate, pyoderma in children is more pronounced and difficult.

The reasons

Pyoderma can develop primarily on completely healthy skin, and also become a complication of any skin disease, accompanied by a symptom such as itching. A child with an itchy disease (for example, with dermatitis or scabies) combs the skin, violating its integrity. The resulting wound is an excellent breeding ground for cocci. Pyoderma usually affects the skin, on which there are scratches, cuts, abrasions or other lesions - burns, frostbite. Bacteria - staphylococci, streptococci and other representatives of this family, getting on the wound surface, quickly begin to multiply, causing suppuration.

Sometimes the starting mechanism that makes the skin vulnerable to cocci is temperature violation- if the baby is overheated and sweaty or cold, supercooled, then local immunity weakens, and pathogenic bacteria quickly begin to “host” in the pores and hair follicles. Weakness of local skin immunity It can also cause some lesions of the central nervous system, metabolic diseases, and pathologies of internal organs.

Quite often, pyoderma affects babies with diabetes.

Rarely enough, but it also happens that the child has an increased individual sensitivity to pyogenic bacteria. In him, the appearance of pustules is always accompanied by signs of an allergic reaction, and the pustules themselves are quite large. All the causes that can cause pyoderma in medicine are usually divided into endogenous (internal) and exogenous (external). Other internal causes, in addition to those listed above, can be described as follows:

• congenital diseases associated with immunodeficiency;
• weakness of immunity after an illness;
• the state of hypovitaminosis (deficiency of vitamins important for the development of the child).

External factors that contribute to the reproduction of pathogenic cocci are as follows:

• damage to the integrity of the skin;
• non-compliance with hygiene rules, insufficient care for the child's skin;
• fairly close contact with a person with a bacterial infection, the use of shared toys, things, dishes, bedding (pyoderma is contagious!);
• contact with a person who is not sick at the moment, but is a carrier (one who has recently had a bacterial infection, sometimes a hidden carrier);
• psychological trauma, a state of severe or prolonged stress, overwork of the child;
• malnutrition, improperly composed diet, rich in carbohydrates and fats.

Separately, it should be noted that the violation of hygiene should not be regarded as the main cause of the disease. Parents whose child has pyoderma usually begin to blame themselves for not watching.

Washing hands with soap, daily water procedures, of course, reduce the risk of getting pyoderma, but do not exclude it. And therefore, often in a prosperous family, where the child is well-groomed and surrounded by care, they encounter such an unpleasant bacterial infection.

Classification

If the disease struck the child for the first time, and the parents quickly consulted a doctor, then we are talking about acute pyoderma. If the baby often suffers from pustular diseases, and they are difficult to treat, then this is chronic pyoderma. If only one area of ​​the skin is affected, for example, pustules appear in the nose or on the hands, then they speak of a localized form of the disease. If there are pustular lesions on two or more parts of the body, this is a diffuse form of pyoderma.

Purulent formations can be superficial if they affect only the outer layer of the epidermis, and deep if the hair follicles and dermis are involved in the inflammatory process. The main classification concerns the causative agent of inflammation. For proper treatment, it is very important to know which microbe caused the disease process. There are three most common types of pyoderma:

• staphylococcal;
• streptococcal;
• streptostaphylloderma (with simultaneous infection with both staphylococci and streptococci).

Danger

Acute pyoderma is not as dangerous as you might think. The sick person poses a real threat to others, because he becomes a source of infection. If it is not isolated for the duration of treatment, then the spread of a bacterial infection is inevitable.

The prognosis of doctors regarding this disease is quite favorable. Timely and correctly treated pyoderma does not give complications, does not recur. However, chronic forms of the disease can significantly complicate the child's future life, especially if he has other serious diseases. Pyoderma in this case can often make itself felt, and in severe form lead to sepsis.

A dangerous disease can also be for babies if parents do not attach due importance to it. Their weak, delicate skin is more quickly infected; pustular infections in the first month of life are very painful for children.

Symptoms and signs

By external signs, pyoderma is very similar to a lot of other dermatological diseases, and therefore it is quite difficult to recognize the disease and distinguish it from other skin ailments at home. The doctor will not be able to do this “by eye”, since only laboratory diagnostics can confirm the origin of skin rashes, their belonging to the world of bacteria. However, parents need to know exactly when to see a doctor.

Symptoms of pyoderma are quite universal:

• one or more pustules or vesicles with cloudy liquid appear;
• rashes can spread further, and can remain only on one part of the body;
• rashes can be solitary, or they can merge, forming an inflammatory layer that tends to “get wet”;
• most often in childhood, pyoderma begins on the scalp;
• pyoderma on the face and neck is rarely deep.

The rash itself has its own characteristics. If you take it carefully, you can assume which microbe caused pyoderma.

Staphylococcus most often affects the hair follicle and its surrounding space. In the abscess, thus, if you look closely, you can see a growing hair in the center. This microbe causes a rather strong suppuration, which in a deep form will be called a furuncle or carbuncle. Superficial staphylococcal inflammation is extremely rare.

Streptococcus usually "based" on smooth skin, causing the appearance of blisters filled with cloudy serous fluid. There is always an inflammatory border around the bubble. The bubble itself has very thin walls and bursts easily even with a slight touch. A yellowish-grayish crust appears in place of the burst bubble. After falling off, it does not leave scars and areas of depigmentation.

In its chronic form, streptococcal infection is called lichen simplex. In the acute stage, the microbe often causes impetigo, streptoderma, and ecthyma. With a diffuse form of a bacterial disease, a child may experience an elevated temperature (not higher than subfebrile values ​​\u200b\u200b- 37.0-37.8 degrees). In newborns, a diffuse form of the disease can cause common symptoms of intoxication - lethargy, weakness, whims and almost causeless crying.

Diagnostics

If parents bring a child with a rash to an appointment, and the doctor suspects pyoderma, he will definitely prescribe several important ones for understanding the ongoing clinical research processes. This is a general analysis of blood and urine, as well as blood to determine the Wassermann reaction (for syphilis). Specific diagnosis is based on taking a substance from vesicles on the skin or pustules for bacteriological culture.

In the laboratory, samples are placed in a nutrient medium and observed which microbe will grow. The grown bacterium is then exposed to various antibiotics to determine which type of antimicrobial agents it is most sensitive to. For classic pyoderma, not complicated by serious diseases like HIV infection, this is quite enough to not only know the causative agent of the disease, but also to imagine how and how to treat it.

For classic pyoderma, not complicated by serious diseases like HIV infection, this is quite enough to not only know the causative agent of the disease, but also to imagine how and how to treat it.

Treatment

If pyoderma is identified as an independent disease, antibacterial drugs become the basis of therapy. What kind of drugs will be prescribed to a particular child will be clear after receiving the results of the analysis for bakposev and the sensitivity of the microbe to antibiotics. If pyoderma has become a complication of another disease, for example, scabies, then treatment begins with the treatment of the underlying primary disease, dealing with pyoderma in parallel.

Staphylococci and streptococci have been surrounding people for so long that they have already develop a certain "immunity" to most of the existing antibiotics. People themselves also contributed to the resistance of microbes, taking antibiotics uncontrollably and for any reason. Now humanity has received what it has received - resistant bacteria, which are not easy to fight. That is why an analysis is carried out to determine which of the existing substances the microbe will show the least resistance to.

Usually, with pyoderma, doctors choose one or another drug from the penicillin group, macrolides, or third-generation cephalosporins.

For a benign form of pyoderma, antibiotics may be prescribed in the form of an ointment for topical use. The intake of antimicrobial drugs inside is indicated only with a diffuse form of the disease. At the same time, the use of an ointment is shown. Acute pyoderma at home is treated according to the prescribed scheme for about 7 days. Chronic - longer, up to two weeks.

If a child has severe pyoderma, ulcers form on the skin, he will be shown treatment in a hospital, this is especially true for infants and children under three years of age. Simultaneously with antibiotic treatment, it is desirable for such patients to receive intravenous drugs that improve blood circulation, for example, "Actovegin", "Trental". To reduce the load on the children's liver, one of the hepatoprotective drugs may be prescribed, for example "Essentiale". All children with pyoderma are recommended to take B vitamins, especially B6 and B 12, as well as age-appropriate multivitamin complexes that contain the necessary trace elements.

Chronic pyoderma with deep flow sometimes requires the use of ointments based on glucocorticosteroids. In the acute stage, the child is administered "Prednisolone" in therapeutic age doses for three days, after which the dosage of the drug is gradually reduced until it stops completely. Specific treatment consists in the use of streptococcal and staphylococcal vaccines. External treatments for a child should be carried out 2-4 times a day. It should be remembered that alcohol-based products against microbes are ineffective, and therefore you should not cauterize abscesses and pustules with alcohol-containing liquids.

It is best to carry out the primary treatment using a solution of furacilin , 1% boric acid solution, 1% dioxidine solution or 2% chlorhexidine solution. If there are ulcerative crusts, then they are soaked and carefully removed before applying the ointment. Aniline dyes are very effective against streptococci and staphylococci - brilliant green, "Fukortsin".

The main preventive measure is vigilance. At the first signs of illness, it is necessary to exclude the child's communication with peers, attending kindergarten and school, so as not to spread the infection further. To reduce the risk of bacterial infection with wounds, abrasions and scratches (and a child has a lot of them!) Quick and proper treatment of the affected skin with antiseptics (not alcohol!).

The probability of getting sick with pyoderma is lower in children whose parents take care of strengthening their immunity, including local immunity. To do this, they practice dousing, rubbing, hardening from an early age, walking in the fresh air, playing sports. The child should be dressed appropriately for the weather and the house should not be too hot. Sweating increases the risk of pyoderma.

All foci of inflammation, even minor ones, should be treated as quickly as possible. This also applies to the oral cavity of the child. The baby must receive a sufficient amount of vitamins, as well as comply with mandatory hygiene requirements.

For information on how to treat and how to prevent this disease, see the following video.

Pyoderma in children is a dermatological disease of an infectious and inflammatory nature, one of the most common types of dermatitis. For example, in infants, pyoderma is diagnosed in half of the cases of detection of skin problems.

This condition is caused by streptococci and staphylococci. Less commonly, the causative agent of pyoderma can be Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Escherichia coli or pneumococcus. A common characteristic feature, regardless of the type of bacterial infection, is multiple purulent inflammation on the surface of the skin, and sometimes on the mucous membranes.

What causes pyoderma?

The main cause of this disease is considered to be poor hygiene, which allows pathogens to infect the baby's skin. Of course, this is not the only provoking factor due to which the infection can enter the body:

• domestic injuries, bite marks, scratches, committed by animals or insects;
• contact with urine, excrement, wet clothes or diapers resulting from diaper rash;
• overheating, hypothermia or nervous exhaustion;
• burn lesions;
• increased blood sugar levels;
• excess sweets in the diet;
• diseases of the digestive tract;
• excessive sweating;
• propensity to allergies;
• beriberi;
• dystonia;
• impaired immunity;
• failure of metabolic processes.

Pyoderma can be easily contracted by contact with a carrier of the infection or contaminated objects.

Varieties of the disease

As a rule, this disease is divided into three main (rather extensive) groups:

• staphylococcal (folliculitis, abscesses, epidemic pemphigus);
• streptococcal (streptoderma, impetigo, cracks in the corners of the lips);
• mixed (ulcerative and other types of pyoderma that affect the deep skin layers).

In addition, pyoderma is divided into primary and secondary forms. In primary pyoderma, absolutely healthy skin is infected, and the secondary one is distinguished by the complications that have arisen after past diseases: eczema, scabies dermatitis, scratching, and some chronic endocrine disorders.

Streptococcal pyoderma usually manifests itself as purulent vesicles located on the surface of the skin.

Therefore, after a complete cure, this disease does not leave visible traces. This disease is represented by the following types:

• felon;
• impetigo streptococcal;
• streptoderma;
• white lichen;
• diaper (diaper) dermatitis.

So, what is panaritium? This is a periungual purulent inflammation that affects children who bite on burrs near the nail plate. In newborns, this is a rare occurrence, but it still occurs with injuries during nail cutting.

Signs:

• an inflamed roller appears in the phalanx area, filled with purulent or bloody contents;
• inflammation is accompanied by pain and swelling;
• signs of general intoxication of the body may develop (irritability, anxiety, loss of appetite, sometimes loose stools, insomnia);
• in some cases, hyperthermia occurs;
• rarely occurs lymphadenitis.

The danger of this disease lies in the fact that in advanced cases it can turn into bone panaritium, and this is already a serious complication.

Streptococcal impetigo is a contagious disease that mainly affects children. Epidemics sometimes occur in children's groups. Impetigo is dangerous for its complications, so it is impossible not to pay due attention to it.

The symptoms are:

• the appearance of reddish spots that cause pain;
• then serous-purulent conflicts develop, which soon burst;
• they are replaced by orange crusts that hide the inflamed epidermis;
• locations - face, skin folds, mouth and nasolabial triangle, the area behind the ears, on the neck and limbs.

Streptoderma - streptococcal diaper rash. Intertrigo is the site of folded skin areas such as armpits, inframammary area, groin, buttocks. This is where the disease develops. It provokes intertriginous streptoderma, appears as a result of high humidity, exposure to heat and constant friction.

Symptoms:

• well-defined red spots appearing in skin folds;
• spots can increase, bleed, become covered with cracks;
• the child feels burning, pain and itching;
• the resulting purulent papules, if damaged, can provoke re-infection;
• lymphadenitis and fever are observed infrequently.

Sometimes this ailment occurs against the background of chronic diaper rash, so hygiene in the fight against streptoderma comes first.

Erythematous-squamous streptoderma, dry (white) lichen, owes its appearance to poor-quality drying of the skin surface, as well as intense weathering of some parts of the body.

It can be assumed that the child has lichen if the following signs are present:

• location on the face;
• red spots with white scales;
• weeping changes on the skin are not observed;
• peeling and itching may disturb;
• possible combination with other types of streptoderma.

The disease is transmitted quite actively, requires adequate therapy, as well as isolation.

Papulo-erosive streptoderma, or diaper dermatitis, appears for the following reasons: non-compliance with elementary hygiene rules, an allergic reaction to certain children's products (creams, ointments), impaired air exchange in diapers. It manifests itself with the following symptoms:

• multiple ulcers, tubercles, located in the perineum and buttocks;
• may be covered with purulent vesicles;
• after opening the papule, a weeping space forms in its place.

If insufficient attention is paid to this disease, then it can turn into a chronic or generalized form and significantly complicate the treatment process.

With staphylococcal pyoderma, changes occur at the site of dislocation of the sebaceous and sweat glands. Semicircular boils are usually filled with thick green pus. Often appear on the head. This pyoderma in children has several varieties:

• pseudofurunculosis;
• bullous impetigo.

What are mixed types?

It happens that the causative agents of skin ailments are both microbes: staphylococcus and streptococcus. Then there are mixed pyodermas:

• vegetative;
• chancriform;
• ulcerative chronic.

The first type of pyoderma is localized on the mucous membranes in the child's mouth. The degree of damage can be quite large. Spots are observed, which later turn into erosive formations.

The second subgroup is characterized by the presence of ulcers in the genital area, head, face, as well as on the lips and tongue. It is presented in its final form by large, rounded ulcers that have appeared in place of the vesicles, which very much resemble a chancre.

The third type mainly affects adults, and is extremely rare in children. Ulcers with roller-shaped edges are located in the folds on the legs.

Treatment of pyoderma in children

Mixed pyoderma is treated only under the supervision of a specialist. Topical antibiotic therapy is used, but antibiotics may be used in difficult cases.

Treatment regimens for other types of pyoderma, regardless of the pathogen, are built in the same way. The following are often used:

• ointments and creams with an antibacterial effect (based on ichthyol, tar, sulfur, Vishnevsky ointment, Desitin cream);
• solutions of iodine and brilliant green;
• some types of alcohol (boric, camphor, salicylic);
• baths and lotions with the addition of potassium permanganate and zinc sulfate;
• if itching is unbearable, then corticosteroids are prescribed;
• antibiotic-containing topical ointments, which include erythromycin and lincomycin;
• mandatory immune support of the body (Echinacea, Immunal);
• physiotherapy methods.

Uncomplicated types of pyoderma can be treated with folk remedies such as potato or garlic applications. But it is better to do this after consulting a pediatric dermatologist.

It is important to remember that pyoderma in children is treated with all responsibility. Therefore, in order to avoid complications, it is necessary to pay due attention to therapy.

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The development of various forms of the disease in children and adults is facilitated not only by pyogenic flora, but also by various factors (endogenous and exogenous causes) that can change the state of microorganisms. The main pathogenic conditions include:

So, why is this infection so fond of this age:

1. The skin is still not well formed.
2. Since the children do not go to the potty yet, their skin is in constant friction and moisture, they have irritation on the skin.
3. The sweat glands are not fully functional.
4. Insufficiently well treated wounds and cuts.
5. Not completely overgrown umbilical cord.

Middle-aged children suffer from this disease for the following reasons:

• lack of vitamins;
• disorders associated with blood disease;
• hypothermia;
• overheat;
• metabolic problems;
• allergic reactions;
• poor skin care;
• hormonal disbalance;
• improper functioning of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, endocrine system;
• emotional disorders.

Classification of pyoderma

Superficial staphyloderma manifests itself:

• ostiofolliculitis;
• superficial folliculitis;
• vulgar sycosis;
• vesicopustulosis and pemphigus in newborns.

Deep staphyloderma manifests itself:

• deep folliculitis;
• boils and furunculosis;
• carbuncle and hydradenitis;
• multiple abscesses in infants.

Streptoderma pyoderma:

1. The group of superficial streptoderma includes:
   • all types of streptococcal impetigo (contagious, bullous, slit-like, tourniole);
   • diaper rash;
   • vesicular, white lichen.
2. Deep types of streptoderma include:
   • streptococcal ecthyma;
   • erysipelas;
   • chronic diffuse streptoderma.
3. Mixed forms of pyoderma have superficial localization, include:
   • pyogenic granuloma (bortiomycoma);
   • ulcerative chancriform pyoderma;
   • gangrenous ulcerative-vegetative pyoderma of chronic form.

Clinical symptoms depend on the cause and type of the disease. Pyodermatitis is classified into three main groups:

1. Staphylococcal form - accompanied by infection of the surface layers of the dermis.

Its varieties include ostiofolliculitis, folliculitis, impetigo and vulgar vulgaris. In addition, diseases such as furunculosis, hydradenitis, carbuncle, abscess in newborns can be attributed to the staphylococcal form;

The classification and symptoms of pyoderma depend on the type of microbe that caused pyoderma.

SYCOSIS. It is a chronic recurrent purulent inflammatory process of the scalp and face (pictured).

Its development depends on an allergic reaction, neuroendocrine disorder and increased activity of the gonads in the patient. It is characterized by small pustular rashes, which gradually increase.

Subsequently, infiltrates appear with the formation of crusts. The symptoms of the disease are quite long and are often accompanied by relapses.

OSTIOFOLLICULITIS. They are characterized by a pathological process in the hair follicles, when the follicular opening becomes inflamed with a hyperemic nodule, which subsequently dries up with the formation of a crust. In rare cases, relapses are possible.

FURUNCLE. The most common type of pyoderma, accompanied by a follicular lesion with the accumulation of purulent contents.

The follicular node can reach the size of a quail egg with the formation of a purulent-necrotic rod in the center. In the future, the purulent boil is opened, and after healing, scar tissue remains in this place.

In some cases, there is a complicated form of furunculosis (lymphadenitis, osteomyelitis, phlegmon, etc.). In weakened patients, boils often appear on the legs.

In this case, chronic ulcerative-vegetative pyoderma is possible. In addition, with microbial infection, the development of sepsis is possible.

The most dangerous is the appearance of boils in the nasolabial region.

FOLLICULITIS. It is characterized by a deep inflammatory process of the hair follicles. In this case, a swelling of a pale pink color appears with pustules, in the center of which a hair is determined (pictured). In the future, the disease can go away on its own or turn into a cicatricial ulcer.

CARBUNCLE. Unlike the boil, it is characterized by a large coverage of infection.

May be accompanied by deep phlegmon that can reach the fascia, as well as subcutaneous tissue and muscle tissue. Initially, the process is similar to a boil, but then edema appears with discharge of purulent contents from the skin and the appearance of deep ulcerative formations.

Symptoms of this form occur with severe hyperthermia, excruciating headache and general intoxication of the body. After carrying out therapy and applying medication to the ulcer, gradual healing of the ulcer and scarring are observed.

As a rule, this disease is divided into three main (rather extensive) groups:

• staphylococcal (folliculitis, abscesses, epidemic pemphigus);
• streptococcal (streptoderma, impetigo, cracks in the corners of the lips);
• mixed (ulcerative and other types of pyoderma that affect the deep skin layers).

Classify pyoderma according to the type of pathogen. Accordingly, it is divided into:

1. Streptococcal.
2. Staphylococcal.
3. Mixed.

Streptococci can cause lichen of the face and body, impetigo and ecthyma. Staphylococci affect the sebaceous and sweat glands, cause inflammation of the hair follicles, the formation of boils, carbuncles and other inflammatory elements.

Important. Infections can occur together, causing extensive lesions of the skin. Such pyoderma, caused by the combined action of staphylococci and streptococci, is more difficult to treat.

Symptoms and signs

With any type of pyoderma, the symptoms will be similar in one thing: the formation of pustules on the skin, which spontaneously open, forming loose crusts.

As it dries, the crusts fall off, leaving a pink or bluish spot, which eventually acquires a normal color. There are several main types of pyoderma in children, which are divided according to the location, the extent of the lesion and the type of bacterial flora:

Symptoms and signs

In any form of pyoderma, characteristic symptoms are noted:

• pain at the site of injury;
• purulent formations on the skin;
• burning and itching in the affected areas;
• change in the structure and color of the skin;
• hyperemia of the skin or its individual areas.

dermatitis

can manifest themselves in various forms of pyoderma:

Periporitis or vesiculopustular masses are often the result of prickly heat (see how to treat prickly heat in children) or overheating in young children. The defeat of the sweat glands, causes the numerous formation of small pustules in inflamed places on the folds of the body and in the scalp.

The manifestation of streptococcal impetigo is a consequence of scratching the skin, caused by:

Infection through contact with

sick with tonsillitis

Clinical signs of the disease are varied. The most common symptoms of pyoderma are:

folliculitis,

vulgar sycosis,

furuncle,

carbuncle,

acne vulgaris,

impetigo,

chronic ulcerative pyoderma.

Infants may develop epidemic pemphigus of the newborn, etc. Pyoderma often complicates itchy skin diseases, especially scabies, eczema, neurodermatitis, atopic dermatitis (secondary pyoderma). There are three main groups of the disease:

• staphyloderma,
• streptoderma
• and streptostaphyloderma, which in turn are divided into superficial and deep forms.

Symptoms of ulcerative vegetative pyoderma in children

This is the name of the mixed strepto-staphylococcal chronic form of deep pyoderma. Chronic ulcerative vegetative pyoderma has specific symptoms. Its development is facilitated by severe immunodeficiency conditions associated with concomitant diseases, intoxication (ulcerative colitis, malignant tumors of internal organs, lymphomas, alcoholism, drug addiction), leading to a deficiency of the T- and B-cell immunity system. Skin lesions are persistent ulcerative in nature (more often on the lower extremities). Chronic ulcerative-vegetative pyoderma develops against the background of ulcers that have undermined uneven edges, sluggishly granulating, covered with a serous-purulent dense coating (ulcerative form) or abundant excessively protruding vegetations (ulcerative-vegetative form) bottom with an unpleasantly smelling serous-purulent discharge.

The skin with symptoms of pyoderma of this type around the ulcerative surfaces is inflamed, on it you can see follicular and non-follicular superficial pustules, in some places merging into continuous lesions, covered with purulent crusts, from under which serous-purulent exudate is separated.

The process spreads, capturing all new areas of the skin, accompanied by soreness, limitation of movement in the limb. This process is regarded as skin angiitis.

Groups of pyodermatitis in children and their symptoms

The first signs of pyoderma in a child often mimic other skin conditions, especially acne (juvenile acne), unusually occurring syphilis, or even burns.

Differential diagnosis here is carried out not by external signs, but by age, far from the period of puberty and the absence of contact with burning surfaces / substances.

In the future, other, already atypical signs are added to acne or blisters: swelling, peeling and inflammation of the surrounding skin, high fever, intoxication.

Superficial staphyloderma

Among the superficial staphylococcal pyoderma in children, science identifies the following options.

Pyoderma is very contagious, the main route of infection is contact with the carrier of the disease or his things.

Pyoderma most often affects the face, the healing navel, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bfolds, due to profuse diaper rash and sweating, with purulent and inflammatory processes.

Diseases that can cause pyoderma can be very diverse. These include:

The pathological process begins with the appearance of small reddened areas on the skin. Further, small bubbles with purulent contents form on them.

The next stage is the very opening of the bubbles with the appearance of dry crusts in their place. As the crusts fall off, the affected area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe skin becomes completely healthy.

However, pyoderma skin disease has the possibility of a successful outcome only if the child is properly cared for and adequate therapy is prescribed.

If the causes of the disease are not clarified and eliminated, and the treatment process is delayed, pyoderma can lead to the appearance of boils, dangerous with such consequences as phlegmon and abscess.

In especially severe cases, a general infection of the body - sepsis - can begin.

Pustular skin diseases can manifest themselves in different ways. Symptoms are determined by several factors:

• pathogen;
• depth of skin lesion;
• the course of the disease itself;
• the state of the immune system;
• individual characteristics of the organism.

This rash has several stages of development and must be monitored so as not to be confused with any other dermatological disease.

Diagnosis of pyoderma

As you can see, pyoderma has similarities with other skin diseases. Therefore, it is better not to self-medicate, and at the first purulent formation, consult a specialist.

Treatment of pyoderma

Treatment of pyoderma begins with determining the cause and identifying the pathogen through bacterial culture analysis. Both internal and external drug therapy is used, as well as compliance with a number of immutable rules:

• compliance with the rules of hygienic care;
• avoid contact with water of the affected skin areas;
• hair removal at affected areas (in order not to spread the infection, hair should be cut, not shaved);
• in the treatment of infants, weak manganese baths are indicated;
• with small areas of damage, pastes, solutions and ointments with antibacterial and antifungal properties, and antiseptics are prescribed;
• with systemic spread of inflammatory processes, manifestations of general weakness and fever, antibiotic therapy and immunotherapy are prescribed;
• mandatory vitamin therapy with the appointment of a multivitamin complex.

Preventive measures to prevent pathology include - timely treatment of wounds and microcracks, prevention of chronic diseases, in order to prevent the development of recurrent manifestations of diseases.

Special attention should be paid to skin care in children with diabetes. Observe timely moisturizing of the skin, avoid soaking the skin and the formation of microtraumas.

The slightest infected scratch can cause deep and extensive pyoderma. During the illness, the child should be isolated from healthy children.

If, after reading the article, you assume that you have symptoms characteristic of this disease, then you should

seek advice from a dermatologist.

For the treatment of severe forms of pyoderma, the doctor prescribes antibiotics:

• Ceftriaxone;
• Lincomycin;
• Erythromycin;
• Celorin;
• Rocefin;
• Keflin;
• Suprax;
• Tseporin;
• Kefozal.

If intolerance to antibiotics is detected, antimicrobial agents are included in the therapy:

• Metronidazole;
• Ornidazole;
• Trichopolum.

Taking medicines is allowed, both in tablets and in injections.

In combination with the main means, they drink anti-allergic:

Immunity is supported by taking immunostimulants. If all of the above measures do not give a positive result, then an autovaccine or staphylococcal bacteriophages are prescribed, which destroy the microflora.

After that, paraffin therapy or ultraviolet irradiation is carried out. In rare cases, blisters are removed surgically. This place is treated with an ointment containing an antibiotic. Treatment lasts for an acute form of 7 days, chronic - 14.

ethnoscience

Local treatment of the disease aims to contribute to the most rapid elimination of rashes in patients and to prevent the spread of the disease process to healthy skin. In this case, the implementation of a number of rules is of paramount importance, even in cases where the disease is limited to only one pyoderma rash.

Children are prohibited from washing in a bath or bath, taking a shower, as well as washing the affected skin with water. 1-2 times a day (with dressings), healthy skin around the circumference of diseased areas should be wiped with some kind of disinfectant, preferably camphor alcohol (G.

I. Meshchersky, Brocq) or 2% salicylic alcohol, vodka, gasoline, ether, 0.5% ammonia solution.

Patients need to carefully cut their nails, which are often carriers of infection, and once a day lubricate the ends of the fingers with 1-2% iodine tincture or 1% alcohol solution of brilliant green, pyoctanine or other aniline paint.

The main task of drugs for pyoderma is the drying of the skin and the destruction of the bacterial flora. To do this, I most often use antibacterial solutions, ointments, hydrogen peroxide, manganese or chlorhexidine to cleanse the affected areas. Doctors most often recommend the following preparations for the primary treatment of skin areas with pustules and crusts:

• Potassium permanganate, which is purchased in dry form and diluted until the crystals dissolve, which can cause a burn. Pink manganese solution perfectly disinfects and removes crusts;
• Hydrogen peroxide is known for its cleansing properties. Removes all impurities;
• Chlorhexidine is a clear solution with an antibacterial effect;
• Sanguiritrin is an orange solution that is recommended for the treatment of any bacterial infection of the skin.

After the initial treatment, all pustules and crusts are smeared with Fukortsin or brilliant green. Fukortsin is preferable because it does not sting the skin, and the kids are calm about processing.

If the spread of pyoderma cannot be quickly stopped, then ointments containing antibacterial components can be applied locally:

• zinc,
• salicylic,
• Synthomycin,
• Streptomycin.

With a strong itching that bothers the child in short courses, topical agents containing corticosteroids are used: Akriderm, Celestoderm. These ointments already at the first application significantly reduce the level of inflammation, soothe itching.

The appointment of antihistamines is the choice of the pediatrician, and if necessary, Zirtek, Suprastin or Tavegil are used to eliminate severe itching and anxiety of the baby.

Antibiotics intramuscularly are used only when the general condition of the child worsens and pyoderma spreads extensively over the skin.

Treatment of pyoderma is carried out under the supervision of qualified specialists. As a rule, the doctor prescribes drugs for external and internal use, including the restoration of immune forces.

Be sure to follow a special low-carbohydrate diet. For the treatment of pyoderma of various types, the following medications are used:

• with severe development of the disease, glucocorticosteroid drugs are used (Hydrocortisone, Metipred, etc.);

• antibiotic therapy is recommended using semi-synthetic macrolides, penicillin, tetracycline, aminoglycosides, latest generation cephalosporins);
• with pyoderma, hepatoprotectors are prescribed (Essentiale forte, Silibor, etc.);
• the use of angioprotectors (Actovegin, Trental) is recommended;

• Cytostatics (Methotrexate) are prescribed.

In addition, depending on how long vitamin deficiency lasts, a course of vitamin therapy is prescribed.

For antiseptics of erosive ulcerations, it is necessary to use ointments with a bactericidal effect. The most commonly used in the treatment of pyoderma are:

• zinc ointment or salicylic-zinc paste;
• Levomekol;
• ointment tetracycline;
• lincomycin ointment;
• erythromycin ointment;
• hyoxysone ointment, etc.

In addition, there are drugs for complex treatment that have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antifungal effects. The most popular are Timogen and Triderm ointment.

When pyodermatitis is accompanied by the appearance of ulcers, the inflammatory foci should be washed with aseptics after removing the scab (Tannin, Furacilin, boric acid, Dioxidine, Chlorhexidine, etc.).

With carbuncles, boils, hydradenitis, a sterile bandage with Ichthyol + Dimexide, Chymotrypsin and Trypsin can be applied to the affected area. In addition, a bandage with Tomicid is often applied to the affected parts of the body.

Pyoderma is often observed in newborns. Treatment of pyoderma in children is the proper care of the affected areas of the skin.

In addition, with pyoderma in newborns who are breastfed, it is necessary to review the diet of a nursing mother. It should be with enough vitamins and minerals.

As a rule, at the initial stage, pyoderma in children is quite effectively cured. To do this, use antiseptic preparations applied to the site of the lesion.

It is important to note that pyoderma in newborns may be accompanied by antibiotic therapy if topical drugs are ineffective and there is hyperthermia, the spread of the infectious process and a general deterioration in the child's condition.

Mixed pyoderma is treated only under the supervision of a specialist. Topical antibiotic therapy is used, but antibiotics may be used in difficult cases.

Treatment regimens for other types of pyoderma, regardless of the pathogen, are built in the same way. The following are often used:

• ointments and creams with an antibacterial effect (based on ichthyol, tar, sulfur, Vishnevsky ointment, Desitin cream);
• solutions of iodine and brilliant green;
• some types of alcohol (boric, camphor, salicylic);
• baths and lotions with the addition of potassium permanganate and zinc sulfate;
• if itching is unbearable, then corticosteroids are prescribed;
• antibiotic-containing topical ointments, which include erythromycin and lincomycin;
• mandatory immune support of the body (Echinacea, Immunal);
• physiotherapy methods.

Uncomplicated types of pyoderma can be treated with folk remedies such as potato or garlic applications. But it is better to do this after consulting a pediatric dermatologist.

Treatment of pyoderma in children takes a fairly long period of time. Before prescribing treatment, it is necessary to determine the child's tolerance to antibacterial drugs so as not to cause an allergic reaction. Further examination of concurrent or chronic diseases is recommended. If there are no reactions and concomitant diseases, when local therapy can be dispensed with.

As a local treatment is used:

Mild forms of pyoderma in children can be treated at home. With a mixed form, mandatory supervision by a doctor is necessary. Sometimes antibiotic treatment is required.

With pyoderma, local antibiotic therapy is required. The pediatrician may prescribe the following remedies:

1. Ointments or creams with a pronounced antibacterial effect (Vishnevsky ointment, Desitin, Timogen, sulfuric ointment).

1. Iodine or brilliant green for local disinfection.
2. Salicylic, boric or camphor alcohol to accelerate healing and kill bacteria.
3. Ointments with erythromycin and lincomycin, which are topical antibiotics.
4. Baths using zinc sulfate or potassium permanganate.
5. In rare cases, treatment with hormonal ointments (corticosteroids) is required.
6. Physiotherapy speeds up recovery.

Advice. The child definitely needs bed rest, a balanced diet. The doctor often prescribes vitamin complexes and immunomodulators, since with a weakened immune system, the disease can become chronic.

Therapy for pyoderma can be external or systemic (depending on the form of the disease). Combining both methods is used in acute forms of the disease.

For the correct appointment of treatment, the doctor must take into account the age of the baby and the general condition of his immune system. Parents should not engage in self-medication in any case.

Even mild, easily healing rashes require medical intervention.

When starting to fight pyoderma, parents need to understand the following:

1. rashes cannot be washed (the only exception here is newborns, who need regular baths with the addition of manganese);
2. it is necessary to establish good nutrition (breast milk is the best food for newborns);
3. hygiene of the baby to bring to impeccability.

External therapy involves the application of antiseptics in the form of acids, resins, dyes, oils, balms and nitrofurans to the lesions. Disinfectants such as potassium permanganate aqueous solution and salicylic acid solution are also suitable for this purpose.

The doctor may prescribe a complex drug Triderm, which has anti-inflammatory, antifungal and antibacterial properties. Lesions can also be treated with Dioxidin, Clotrimazole, Ichthyol ointment, brilliant green and potassium permanganate.

Therapy requires a systematic approach. Only by influencing the body internally and externally can an effective and quick result be achieved. It is best to be treated under the supervision of a specialist. He determines the type of infection and, based on this, prescribes the necessary medications.

At the initial stages of infection, local therapy is used, and later they resort to the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, infusion therapy and immunomodulators. Vitamin complexes may also be prescribed.

When starting therapy, remember that:

• infected areas of the skin should not be wetted so that the disease does not spread through the skin, except for bathing in medicinal solutions
• on the affected areas of the skin it is necessary to remove the hairline
• nails should be cut as short as possible and treated with iodine daily
• need to follow a high protein diet
• hygiene rules must be strictly observed

Compliance with all these rules during therapy is the key to a good result.

Antibiotic treatment

In severe cases of the disease, antibiotics are prescribed. If there is intolerance to these drugs, they are replaced with sulfonamides.

Doctors prescribe the use of ceftriaxone, lincomycin, erythromycin, cellorin, rocefin, keflin. If the infection process has already spread greatly through the dermis, cephalosporins are used: suprax, tseporin, kefosal.

Antibiotics can be given orally and intramuscularly.

To avoid possible itching and allergies, antihistamines are drunk along with antibiotics: Telfast, Zyrtec, Zodak.

If antibiotic therapy does not give the desired result, they resort to immunotherapy, various vaccines and filtrates. You can also cure the infection with the help of physiotherapy, paraffin therapy and ultraviolet radiation.

Sometimes purulent blisters are opened surgically, and then an ointment containing antibiotics is applied to them.

The dosage of antibiotics can only be determined by a doctor, so before you start using them, you should consult with him. In addition, only a specialist can select the necessary drugs after the test.

The duration of drug treatment should not exceed two weeks for chronic infection, and no more than a week for acute infection.

Folk remedies and recipes

Children are not recommended for pyoderma to use any potent formulations containing tar or other antibacterial substances. They can cause a severe allergic reaction and aggravate the course of the disease.

But the recipes and methods of herbal medicine in the treatment of pustular skin diseases are fully justified even in newborns. Decoctions and infusions of herbs, applied topically in the form of applications and washings of skin areas, act antibacterially, dry the crusts and contribute to the speedy regeneration of tissues.

The most common recipes are:

Folk remedies can bring great benefits in the treatment of pyoderma in children. They consist of natural ingredients, are safe for the child's body, do not have a toxic effect, unlike medicines.

Important. Before using traditional medicine, you should find out if the child is allergic to herbs and other components.

Compresses and lotions

Affected areas of the skin can be treated with applications of anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agents. For compresses, use aloe juice diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 1, potato juice, garlic juice.

Such lotions reduce itching and pain, restore skin comfort and relieve inflammation.

What complications does pyoderma cause?

The consequences of pyoderma in children usually come down to rough scarring of the skin at the site of former deep erosions. But the severity of cosmetic defects here directly depends on the extent of the spread of pyoderma and the promptness of treatment.

So, if doctors managed to prevent the appearance of deep foci and their necrosis, damage in pyoderma will be local. Most likely, they themselves “polish” with age, as the skin is renewed, since in children this process is especially intense.

Preservation and gradual increase in the number of skin defects is a real threat only in pyoderma caused by chronic immunodeficiencies.

• With HIV. Which turns over time into AIDS.
• With diabetes. Which is accompanied by a gradual decrease in skin and general antibacterial and antifungal immunity.
• After organ transplant. When the suppression of the immune response to donor tissues is required during the entire period of their presence in the body.
• after complex operations. Which are accompanied by the installation of permanent implants. The immune system responds to some of these by triggering bone necrosis around pins/plates used for osteoplasty or thrombi around prosthetic heart valves.

Nevertheless, it must be remembered that the causative agent of pyoderma in children itself remains on the skin and, possibly, in other tissues of the body, since it is part of their natural microflora. And already transferred pyoderma leaves "gaps" in the natural defenses, for example, in the form of preserved structural changes in the skin.

Structural changes in tissues increase the risk of recurrence of pyoderma in a child, although with a normally working immunity in the future, they remain low.

The risk of pyoderma returning in a child increases only when infected with some new pathogen (especially the herpes virus) or the body is weakened due to excessive stress, poor nutrition, and other typical factors that undermine the immune system.

Pyoderma of newborns can have quite serious and severe consequences. Such a severe skin lesion can lead to:

• poisoning the body with toxins (intoxication),
• high temperature (fever)
• general deterioration, whims, sleep disturbance,
• weakness, delirium.

One of the most serious diseases in infants is Richter's exfoliative pyoderma. In addition to fever and weakness, it is also accompanied by a general pastiness of the limbs, body and face of the child.

If the disease is ignored and poor-quality therapy, serious consequences of inflammation are possible:

• general intoxication of the body;
• developmental delay;
• lymph inflammation;
• abscess and blood poisoning;
• development of purulent mediastinitis;
• meningitis.

To avoid such complications, pyoderma should be treated carefully and in a timely manner.

The most common skin problem is pyoderma in children, the symptoms and treatment of which are varied. It should be treated promptly and systematically to avoid possible serious consequences.

Therapy is carried out with medication or traditional medicine, but always under the supervision of a doctor who determines the degree of infection, the type of inflammation and prescribes the necessary treatment.

Measures to prevent pyoderma:

• It is required to monitor the immune system. If the child began to get sick more often than before, it is necessary to take measures to strengthen the immune system: drugs that strengthen the immune system, hardening, morning exercises, diet.
• Balanced diet, move more, be outdoors. Limit your intake of fast carbohydrates.
• Make sure that the child regularly takes a bath, shower, after public places and thoroughly wash his hands before eating.
• Treat any cuts, wounds with special disinfectants.
• All diseases, even colds, should be treated immediately and to the end, not to delay.
• All formations should be shown to the doctor.

This disease is most dangerous for children under 1 year old. Therefore, it is important to start therapy at an early stage. The sooner treatment begins, the less the consequences.

With a large lesion, the following complications appear:

• fever, to high numbers with profuse sweating;
• intoxication;
• oppression of consciousness;
• swelling;
• extensive suppuration of the skin.

Thus, we can say that in order for children to be healthy, it is necessary:

• carefully monitor the skin of newborns, use care products, try to keep the skin always clean and dry, treat any wounds,
• if there is a sick person in the family, be sure to isolate him in a separate room, provide dishes, personal hygiene products, limit contact with healthy people,
• constantly carry out wet cleaning, airing.

Prevention of pyoderma in a production environment consists of general sanitary, sanitary and technical measures, including measures for individual protection and personal hygiene of the worker, and sanitary and educational work.

Preventive measures against pyoderma in a production environment should be developed and implemented not only by dermatologists, but also by sanitary and industrial doctors and surgeons.

The success of disease prevention largely depends on the participation of the administration and public organizations of the enterprise in it.

Unfortunately, in the first two or three years of life, the prevention of pyoderma in a child is almost impossible. This is due to the unpredictability of the behavior of his own immunity, which has not yet been trained to work properly, as well as the presence of staphylococci and streptococci on the skin of all adults from his environment without exception.

But in the future, when the “acquaintance” with pathogens has already clearly taken place, parents only need to monitor the health of the immune defense of the entire body of the baby and the integrity of his skin.

The causes of pyoderma in children are reduced to damage to the skin (especially frequent, large-scale or chronic) and reduced immunity for some reason.

As for staphylococci, streptococci and other bacteria, their presence on the skin is still inevitable. Therefore, to protect against them, children need only a moderate summer tan and careful hygiene without a bias towards sterility, since the latter will wean immunity from work.

As preventive measures for pyoderma in newborns, hygiene of the skin, taking a bath, maintaining hygiene of the umbilical wound, and preventing the appearance of diaper rash are recommended.

If someone in the family is sick with pyoderma, then it is necessary to create complete isolation and prevent contact with children.

Among other things, it is necessary to observe thorough cleanliness of the room where the patient is located. It is necessary to wipe the dust, remove dirt, treat with disinfectants.

The term "pyoderma" in dermatology refers to a number of diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms. The main symptom that allows you to combine diseases is an inflammatory process that occurs with the formation of abscesses.

Pyoderma in children is diagnosed several times more often than in adults. Infants and babies of the first year of life are especially susceptible to the disease. In them, the disease is often severe and can cause dangerous complications. Therefore, when symptoms of pyoderma appear, parents should not self-medicate, but seek qualified medical help.

The term "pyoderma" accurately reflects the essence of the disease, since in Greek "pýon" means pus, and "dérma" means skin. The cause of purulent lesions are pathogenic bacteria - staphylococci and streptococci. In this case, inflammation can affect not only the skin, but also hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands, as well as subcutaneous fat.

Pyodermas are infectious diseases transmitted from person to person. Infection of a child can occur in the following ways:

• contact, through hugs, handshakes or kisses;
• household, through personal items - towels, washcloths, combs, dishes, bedding, etc.;
• oral-fecal in case of non-compliance with personal hygiene;
• airborne droplets when sneezing or coughing.

Babies attending nurseries or kindergartens suffer from various forms of pyoderma several times more often. The reason for this is close communication, as well as the sharing of toys, hats and other items through which the infection spreads.

Photos of symptoms

The photographs below show the main types of pyoderma found in children - vesiculopustulosis, streptococcal impetigo, pseudofurunculosis, angular stomatitis (zaeda), dry lichen.

Foci of localization of symptoms of pyoderma can be located on the head, arms, legs, buttocks, back, stomach of the child. In severe cases, when abscesses cover the entire body of the baby, the disease becomes generalized and poses a threat not only to health, but also to the life of the child.

Causes of the disease

On the skin of any person there is always a large number of different microorganisms, including streptococci and staphylococci, which can cause pyoderma. They can stay on the body without causing harm for a long time.

In order for pathogens to enter the body and become the cause of the disease, certain conditions must be present. For children, such provoking factors, first of all, are the anatomical and physiological features of the skin:

• tenderness and friability of the epidermal layer;
• alkaline reaction of the skin surface;
• insufficient development of sweat and sebaceous glands;
• "unbalanced" process of thermoregulation;
• increased skin moisture.

In addition, the immune system of young children is in the process of formation and is not always able to provide adequate resistance to infection.

According to medical statistics, about half of the cases of skin diseases in newborns are due to pyoderma.

An important factor influencing the possibility of infection with staphylococci or streptococci is hereditary predisposition to inflammatory diseases. The risk of infection may increase for the following reasons:

• severe hypothermia or overheating;
• prolonged stay in wet diapers;
• hypovitaminosis;
• excessive body weight;
• insufficient level of sanitation and hygiene;
• the use of “adult” powders for washing a child’s clothes that irritate delicate skin;
• the presence of abrasions, wounds, cuts and other microtraumas on the baby's body.

According to pediatricians, artificial children get sick much more often than babies who are breastfed. However, if a nursing mother consumes prohibited foods or takes medications, the child is also at risk for pyoderma.

Congenital or acquired diseases of the digestive or endocrine system, as well as nervous and emotional overexcitation can reduce the level of defenses and provoke infection with pathogenic microflora.

Symptoms of pyoderma

Dermatologists distinguish primary pyoderma, which appears in the presence of one or more provoking factors in a healthy child, and secondary, which occurs against the background of any disease.

In addition, there is an acute form of the disease, the symptoms of which appear within a short period of time, and chronic, when remissions are replaced by relapses.

Under the general name "pyoderma" in dermatology, they understand a number of diseases, some of which are inherent in both children and adults, while others develop only in childhood. According to the type of pathogen, they are classified into three groups:

• staphyloderma: vesiculopustulosis, Ritter's exfoliative dermatitis, epidemic pemphigus of the newborn, Finger's pseudofurunculosis.
• streptoderma: streptococcal impetigo, angular stomatitis, superficial paronychia, white lichen, intertriginous streptoderma;
• staphylostreptoderma: vulgar impetigo, papulo-erosive streptostaphyloderma.

In more than 85% of cases, pyoderma in children is caused by a staphylococcal infection that affects the sebaceous and sweat glands and hair follicles. Streptoderma is localized on smooth skin and is superficial.

Each type of pyoderma has a characteristic pattern of development and distinctive symptoms.

The disease is most often diagnosed in infants and children under 3 years of age and is associated with inflammation in the area mouths of eccrine sweat glands. Localized on the buttocks, inner thighs, in the natural folds of the skin.

The main symptom is the appearance of small vesicles, first filled with clear and then cloudy exudate. After a few days, the blisters burst, and dry crusts form in their place.

One of the severe forms of pyoderma that occurs in newborns. The disease begins with the appearance around the navel, in the groin and near the mouth of redness and skin cracks, which diverge throughout the body and turn into weeping areas of bright red color. During the period of greatest development, the baby's body looks like it has been scalded with boiling water due to the large number of erosions. On the affected areas, the skin begins to exfoliate, peeling off in large patches.

With a favorable outcome for 3-4 days, the lesions dry up and heal. In a complicated variant, the child may develop conjunctivitis, otitis media, pneumonia and sepsis.

Epidemic pemphigus of the newborn

Children get sick in the first 7-10 days of life, who became infected from the staff in the maternity hospital or the mother with inadequate sanitation. A distinctive feature is the appearance throughout the body, except for the palms and soles, of blisters of various sizes filled with serous fluid.

Accompanied by fever up to 38-39 0 , loss of appetite, dyspepsia. With rapid development, it can cause death.

Pseudofurunculosis Finger

On the head, neck, buttocks, in the armpits, small pustules are formed in children, the size of a pinhead, which quickly burst and dry out. In their place appear larger blisters filled with pus. As they grow, they can reach the size of a walnut.

Bursting, the blisters lead to the development of an abscess, accompanied by increased body temperature. The disease is of a protracted nature and, if not addressed to a doctor in time, can cause sepsis.

The main clinical manifestation is the formation in open areas of the body - the face, arms, calves of the legs - bubbles filled with a clear liquid. After 5-6 days, sores appear in their place, which dry up with the formation of grayish crusts.

The disease is highly contagious and can spread to healthy areas of the skin. Sometimes the mucous membranes in the mouth, nasal cavity, larynx are affected. Often complicated by inflammation of the lymphatic vessels and nodes.

Angular stomatitis

This form of pyoderma is better known as zaeda. Conflicts with purulent contents in the corners of the mouth can spread to other parts of the face. A characteristic feature is slit-like erosion and painful cracks.

Movement of the mouth and wetting with saliva prevents healing. The disease usually takes place in a chronic form with constant relapses.

Paronychia superficial

The disease occurs not only in children, but also in adults. The main reasons are microtraumas, burrs, scratches on the periungual roller, into which pathogenic bacteria penetrate along with dirt. At the site of the lesion, a blister is formed with a clear liquid, which becomes purulent after 3-4 days.

The skin on the finger acquires a bluish tint and becomes painful. The nail plate becomes dull and thinner.

Most often manifested in children and adolescents in the spring against the background of vitamin deficiency. Rounded spots of bright pink color appear on the face and hands, covered with whitish flour-like scales.

After exfoliation, light spots remain on the body, which are difficult to tan. The disease is chronic with periodic relapses.

Intertriginous streptoderma

Usually observed in overweight children prone to excessive sweating. May appear on the background of diabetes.

Foci of localization are located on the buttocks, in the inguinal folds, under the armpits, on the head behind the ears. The conflicts that appeared after opening form weeping erosions that merge with each other. The lesions have clear boundaries with exfoliating skin around the edges.

After drying, brown crusts appear, which, falling off, leave depigmented spots.

Vulgar impetigo

This form of pyoderma is caused by a mixed streptostaphylococcal infection. It is often a complication of scabies or pediculosis. The disease is highly contagious and can cause an outbreak in the children's team.

At the initial stage, reddening of the skin is observed, then blisters form with a transparent exudate, which gradually turns into pus. After opening the conflict, ulcers appear, first covered with thin, and then massive crusts. After rejection, flaky spots remain on the skin.

It develops in infants with simultaneous infection with staphylococci and streptococci. It is often observed in babies with a tendency to indigestion or acidosis, occurring when delicate skin is irritated by liquid feces or urine.

It is localized on the buttocks, in the inguinal folds, on the external genitalia. The main symptom is small cyanotic papules with purulent contents. After opening and drying, erosion and crusts appear.

Most varieties of pyoderma in children are accompanied by fever, fever, chills, refusal to eat, sleep disturbance. A sick child becomes capricious, often cries, which only aggravates the course of the disease.

Any deterioration in the condition of the baby should be the reason for contacting a pediatrician or pediatric dermatologist. It is important to remember that delay in some cases can cost the child's life.

Diagnostics

The symptoms of pyoderma are in many ways similar to the signs of other diseases, so only a doctor can make a correct diagnosis after a thorough examination and preparation of an epicrisis.

Parents will need to answer questions about the baby's diet, living conditions, visits to a children's institution, past diseases. The mother of the baby needs to be told about her menu, medications taken, hereditary diseases. This information will help identify the cause of pyoderma and determine the method of treatment.

To determine the type of pathogen and select drugs to which it is sensitive, a bacterial culture of biomaterial taken from the lesion is carried out. This may be a skin scraping or the contents of pustules.

To identify concomitant diseases, as well as to get an idea about the general condition of the child, the doctor gives directions for such laboratory tests:

• general blood analysis;
• blood sugar test to rule out diabetes;
• blood chemistry;
• general urine analysis.

If necessary, additional consultations of other specialists are carried out - an immunologist, an endocrinologist, a gastroenterologist, a surgeon.

Treatment of pyoderma

Each type of pyoderma in children, regardless of the severity of the course, requires treatment, since it can become chronic with recurring relapses. In addition, pyoderma is a contagious disease, so the child will be a spreader of the infection.

The most effective for pyoderma is complex therapy, which includes the following components:

• antiseptic treatment of the skin;
• elimination of symptoms with the help of external pharmaceutical agents;
• taking antibiotics and sulfonamides;
• strengthening the body's defenses with immunostimulating drugs.

To disinfect lesions and prevent the spread of infection to healthy areas, it is necessary to treat with antiseptics 3-4 times a day:

• 1% hydrogen peroxide solution;
• 2% solution of salicylic alcohol;
• pale pink solution of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate);
• Chlorhexidine;
• Fukortsin;
• 2% boric acid solution.

The solution must be applied with a sterile swab or cotton swab, capturing healthy skin around the affected area. By agreement with the doctor, you can use natural antiseptics - an infusion of chamomile, oak bark or string grass.

After the antiseptic is absorbed and the skin dries, ointments are applied to the surface of the skin. For the treatment of purulent lesions in children, the following external agents are suitable:

• Liniment balsamic according to Vishnevsky;
• Ichthyol ointment;
• Synthomycin liniment;

• Gentamicin ointment;
• Levomikol;
• Tetracycline ointment;
• Erythromycin ointment.

In severe cases, the doctor may prescribe corticosteroid ointments to the child, which are more effective against pathogenic bacteria. These include:

• Akriderm;
• Triderm;
• Lorinden S;
• Celestoderm.

Hormonal drugs can cause adverse reactions in a baby, so it is strictly forbidden to exceed the dosage and frequency of use on your own.

If the use of external agents is not enough or the child's pyoderma is rapidly progressing, the doctor decides on the use of antibiotics. They are prescribed orally in the form of tablets or suspensions, or intramuscularly, and in especially difficult cases - intravenously.

The appointment of an antibiotic is based on the results of a bacterial study of a biomaterial taken from the affected area, the so-called antibiogram.

The most commonly used broad-spectrum drugs are:

• Amoxiclav;
• Amoxicillin;
• Cefuroxime;
• Ciprofloxacin;

• Levofloxacin;
• Sumamed;
• Macrofoam;
• Erythromycin.

If taking antibiotics caused an allergic reaction in the baby, it is necessary to stop using it and immediately notify the attending physician.

In some cases, instead of antibiotics or together with them, sulfa drugs are prescribed that have an antimicrobial effect - Biseptol, Etazol, Streptocid.

To strengthen the immune system and prevent recurrence of the disease, immunomodulators are indicated - Levomizol, Taktivin, echinacea tincture, Cycloferon, as well as vitamin complexes in accordance with the age of the child.

After taking the medication, the child is prescribed a course of physiotherapeutic procedures - paraffin therapy, ultraviolet irradiation, exposure to an electromagnetic field.

Features of the treatment of infants

Pyoderma in newborns and children in the first weeks and months of life is especially difficult and can lead to the most dangerous consequences. Therefore, upon seeing the first symptoms, parents should immediately seek medical attention.

In addition to the medication prescribed by the doctor, the following requirements must be met:

• change the baby’s clothes and diapers as often as possible, preventing him from being wet;
• several times a day, wipe the entire body with a decoction of chamomile or string;
• constantly treat wounds with antiseptics;
• iron bed linen and clothes on both sides with a hot iron;
• make sure that the baby does not comb the affected areas;
• ventilate the room where the child is, do wet cleaning.

It is very important that a sick baby receives mother's milk, which helps to increase immunity. However, the mother should pay attention to her diet and not use foods and medicines that can cause allergies in the baby and aggravate the condition.

Often, young parents do not consider the appearance of small pimples on the skin of a child a serious problem and try to cope with them on their own with the help of home remedies. The well-known pediatrician Yevgeny Komarovsky strongly recommends not to postpone the visit to the doctor and not to neglect the intake of antibiotics and other medications, so as not to start the disease.

Dr. Komarovsky pays great attention to personal hygiene and gives the following advice:

• in the first 2-3 days after the formation of abscesses on the skin, avoid water procedures so as not to spread the infection;
• provide a sick baby with individual dishes, a towel, a comb and other items for personal use;
• regularly quartz children's room;
• remove soft toys, and wash plastic ones more often;
• every two days, change bedding, which is best boiled.

To treat the affected areas, Komarovsky recommends using aniline dyes brilliant green (brilliant green) and methylene blue (blue), which destroy staphylococci and streptococci and dry the skin, accelerating healing.

Forecast

With a timely visit to the doctor and careful implementation of all his appointments and recommendations, dermatologists give a positive prognosis for children with pyoderma.

Conditions that threaten the health and life of the baby may occur when medical care is neglected. help, self-treatment and non-compliance with sanitary and hygienic measures.

Complications

In children with weak immunity, concomitant chronic diseases or other aggravating factors, pyoderma can be severe and cause the following complications:

• lymphadenitis - inflammation of the lymph nodes;
• meningitis - inflammation of the meninges;
• osteomyelitis - purulent-necrotic process in bone tissues;
• pneumonia - inflammation of the lungs;
• thrombosis of cerebral vessels;
• sepsis is blood poisoning.

Untimely started or incomplete treatment or incomplete treatment can provoke the appearance of abscesses, after which large scars and scars will remain on the skin of the child. In infants and children during their first year of life, severe forms of the disease can lead to death.

Prevention

You can prevent a child from getting sick with pyoderma if you follow simple preventive measures:

• monitor the condition of the baby’s skin, carefully treat any abrasions, scratches, cuts, and prevent dirt from getting into the wounds;
• teach the child to observe the rules of personal hygiene (wash hands, do not use someone else's towel, etc.);
• strengthen the immune system: exercise, walk more in the fresh air, eat a balanced diet;
• pay attention to any ailment, treat all diseases;
• take vitamin preparations.

If any suppuration, blisters or other manifestations are found on the child’s body, immediately seek advice from a pediatric dermatologist or pediatrician. This will prevent not only pyoderma, but also many other diseases and keep the baby healthy for many years.

Pyoderma in children is a disease that is accompanied by pustules on different parts of the skin. Children of the first year of life are most often affected by this disease. This is due to the peculiarities of the structure of the skin of newborns, its vulnerability and inability to resist the penetration of microbes.

Pyoderma in children (symptoms and treatment are described in the article) can act as an independent disease or be a complication of a more serious condition, such as decompensated diabetes mellitus.

Main manifestations

Pyoderma in children, the symptoms of which are the same as in adults, has a variety of manifestations. First of all, there is a change in skin color. At the first stages, it is a reddish tint, with the course of the disease, the skin becomes covered with various rashes, in most cases they look like blisters, inside of which there is pus. If adequate treatment is not carried out, these blisters will burst, after which an ulcer will form, which does not heal for a long time.

If pyoderma in a child on the face or other area is chronic, for example, with staphylococcus aureus, then scars remain on the skin after recovery.

A successful result is possible only if the treatment is complete and timely, as well as proper care for the child.

Varieties of pyoderma

Depending on the causes, symptoms and severity of the disease, several types of this disease can be distinguished:

1. Periporitis, or vesiculopustulosis. The first stage of the disease is prickly heat, which occurs due to excessive sweating. During prickly heat, the ducts of the sebaceous glands are affected, after which convex dots, the so-called pustules, form on the skin. This type of pyoderma can affect large areas of the skin, most often the folds and scalp. But, despite this, the general condition of the patient is not disturbed, and the treatment takes no more than three days.
2. Streptococcal impetigo. The cause of this type of pyoderma is scratching the site of an insect bite. Other causes are scabies, atopic dermatitis. It is possible to get infected with this type of disease through objects of common use. Impetigo has characteristic manifestations - a pustular rash, absolutely flat, the size of the spots is up to 1 cm. The pus that is inside shrinks over time into crusts that fall off and leave a pink spot in this place, and not scars. Most often occurs on the skin of the face and mucous membranes. If a pustular rash appears on the scalp, after the ulcer has healed, baldness may occur for some time.
3. Angular stomatitis, or seizures. This type of disease has a special location of pustular vesicles. They open quite quickly, resulting in cracks that cause a lot of discomfort. In addition, it is highly contagious and is transmitted through household items. There is a danger of the disease becoming chronic due to the fact that minor mechanical injuries in these places can be observed during meals. The causes of the disease in general are rhinitis, inflammatory processes in the eyes and lack of vitamins.

Other types of pyoderma: felon and streptoderma

Felon. This is a form of pyoderma that is characterized by blisters on the nail bed. The main causes are skin injuries in this area, which are aggravated by infections. Panaritium flows quite painfully, severe swelling appears and the temperature rises.

Streptoderma. Most often, this type is found in children against the background of excessive sweating and diabetes. Most often, pustular vesicles appear on the folds, in the area behind the ears and buttocks. Characteristic is the absence of a crust after opening the bubble. Instead, weeping wounds form, which can merge into one.

Causes of the disease

The reasons can be completely different, and the symptoms of pyoderma depend on it. However, there are the most frequent provocateurs:

• coccal bacteria (staphylococcus, streptococcus, pyococcus);
• combinations of various bacteria against the background of a decrease in immunity;
• diabetes mellitus: the severity of the disease does not matter, but more severe conditions increase the risk of pyoderma;
• disorders in the work of the hematopoietic organs, which are provoked by anemia, leukemia and other diseases;
• disorders in the work of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract;
• imbalance of hormones;
• overheating of the body or its hypothermia;
• constant exposure to high humidity;
• inadequate hygiene;
• stress, overwork;
• skin damage.

Knowing the possible causes of pyoderma, parents will be able to prevent the development of the disease through proper child care, which is especially important in the period from birth to two months, when the body cannot produce antibodies on its own.

Features of diagnostics

It is not possible to make a diagnosis only on the basis of an external examination. In any case, a bacteriological study will be required, for which the laboratory assistant will take a skin scraping or the contents of one of the vesicles, if possible. If a certain type of pathogen is found during the study, then pyoderma is diagnosed and a specific treatment regimen is prescribed.

In addition, anamnesis analysis will help to clarify the diagnosis, which will show whether hygiene rules are observed, whether there are other skin diseases.

Tactics of local treatment in children

How to treat pyoderma in children? There are two ways. The main thing in the local treatment of pyoderma in children is the organization of careful care of the child's body. If single lesions appear on the skin, then water procedures should be abandoned, because if the bladder is damaged during this, the infection can spread to healthy areas with the help of water, and this will aggravate the course of the disease. You can maintain cleanliness with the help of wet wipes, which you need to wipe the body.

It is necessary to treat the affected areas with special means. For this, you can use both ordinary brilliant green, which will suppress the pathogen and promote speedy healing, as well as a variety of antibacterial ointments, the action of which is aimed at eliminating the purulent process.

You should not refuse treatment using ultraviolet rays, since they have several properties at once:

• elimination of pathogens;
• drying of ulcers and suppurations, which speeds up the healing process.

To do this, you need to go through several procedures in a course, which is decided by the attending physician.

But iodine should never be used if pyoderma is diagnosed (in children, treatment has its own specifics). Although the action with brilliant green is similar, iodine can only aggravate the situation, since its main purpose is to disinfect the skin before various medical procedures.

Pyoderma in children: drug treatment

In addition to local treatment, medication is necessary, especially if an acute form of pyoderma or a severe degree is observed. When prescribing a certain dosage, the doctor takes into account many points:

• the age of the child;
• state of immunity;
• general well-being.

That is why, with the diagnosis of "pyoderma" in children, treatment (reviews confirm this) on their own is absolutely contraindicated, since it can only do harm, even if at first glance the rashes do not pose a danger to the child's health.

There are certain principles of drug treatment of pyoderma:

1. With a large area of ​​​​damage, general antibiotics are prescribed. If the child has intolerance to the prescribed drug, it is replaced by sulfanilamide analogues.
2. Without fail, together with antibiotics, vitamin preparations are prescribed, and general strengthening therapy is also carried out.
3. If boils or carbuncles occur, an operation is necessary, as a result of which a scar will remain on the skin. You can remove it using special creams and ointments. If the scar is large, then the help of a plastic surgeon will be required.

Treatment with folk remedies

You can use folk remedies only if pyoderma in children (symptoms and treatment depend on each other) is not severe, and the vesicles are single. However, it is still worthwhile to consult a doctor beforehand in order to exclude the presence of another disease. Compresses are used as folk remedies:

1. Mix aloe juice with water in equal proportions. Lotions do twice a day.
2. A compress of grated cucumber or potato. The duration of the procedure is 1 hour.

Preventive measures

It has long been known that it is much easier to prevent a disease than to treat it and its consequences. Pyoderma in children, the causes of which can be any, in this case is no exception.

In the case of young children (and it is they who are most often susceptible to this disease), the cause can be both medical personnel and the child's immediate environment. That is why it is not recommended during the neonatal period to allow the baby to contact strangers who may be carriers of the infection, for example, to suffer from boils, hydradenitis and other diseases that are provoked by a staphylococcal infection.

If pyoderma was found in a medical institution, for example, in a maternity hospital, then such a child is transferred to quarantine and completely isolated from healthy children. The room in which the patient was located must undergo thorough disinfection, and linen must be sterilized.

In addition, do not forget about the elementary rules