Clots during menstruation. Treatment of profuse bleeding. Postpartum period

Many women have found blood clots on the pad during menstruation. These blood clots can be of different sizes and stand out periodically. In some cases, the discharge looks like pieces of torn meat, which horrifies the woman. In this article, we will try to figure out what blood clots mean during menstruation, how dangerous they are for women's health, and what disease they may indicate.

When is menstruation with blood clots considered normal?

If the discharge during menstruation contains blood clots, then this does not always indicate a pathology. Normal discharge and should not be strictly liquid, have the same consistency and abundance. Each woman has her own peculiarities of the menstrual cycle, therefore, menstruation can proceed in its own way.

As you know, menstruation occurs after the developed egg has not been fertilized (i.e., pregnancy has not occurred). Under the action of hormones, the blood supply to the uterus decreases, and its inner layer (endometrium), in which the embryo was supposed to be fixed, is rejected, because conception did not happen. Through the genital tract, the endometrium leaves the body along with blood impurities - this is menstruation. In other words, the discharge during menstruation contains not only blood, but also torn particles of uterine tissue mixed with blood. So exclusively liquid menstruation cannot be.

In addition, during the period of menstruation, the female body produces enzymes that slow down blood clotting so that blood secretions can be safely removed. But with heavy menstruation, these enzymes may simply not have time to perform their function: part of the blood has already coagulated, has become like jelly - you can see a blood clot on the pad.

The position of the woman's body is also very important. For example, when sitting or lying down for a long time, the blood in the uterus stagnates and gradually coagulates (clots form). Then the woman gets up, begins to move, the discharge quickly leaves - and the clots along with them.

All of the above reasons for the formation of blood clots in menstruation are considered physiological, and the very fact of the presence of clots is the norm. No treatment is required. Abundant periods, a slight increase in temperature, heaviness in the lower abdomen are alarming factors, but also not a clear sign of pathology and may simply be the body's reaction to the onset of menstruation.

Additional factors that provoke heavy periods with blood clots are: recent childbirth, abortion, miscarriage, gynecological surgery, taking contraceptives. In all these cases, the balance of female sex hormones was disturbed, so the course of menstruation may differ from the usual - this is also considered the norm.

When do blood clots during menstruation indicate a pathology?

As we have already found out, the appearance of small blood lumps in the secretions is not dangerous in itself. But if such a phenomenon is accompanied by pain, large bleeding and increased discomfort, then this is already a cause for concern and seeking advice from a gynecologist. You should definitely consult a doctor if you have the following symptoms during your period:

• Severe pain in the abdomen.
• Menstruation began a week earlier or later than expected and is accompanied by large black blood clots.
• The discharge is extremely abundant - during the period of menstruation, blood loss amounted to more than 200 ml.
• Menstruation lasts longer than 7 days.
• Black, gray, brown discharge with an unpleasant odor.
• Frequent urge to urinate, itching of the genitals.
• Dizziness, circles before the eyes, fainting, shortness of breath, tachycardia and other signs of large blood loss.
• The temperature is above 37.5 degrees, which is not associated with the flu or SARS.

The main causes of blood clots

What diseases cause blood clots during menstruation? Consider the most common:

• Endometriosis is an overgrowth of the uterine mucosa, leading to compression of neighboring organs. This is manifested by a violation of the menstrual cycle, soreness, the appearance of lumps in the discharge, severe pain in the lower abdomen, and discomfort during intercourse. You can learn more about this disease from the video:
  
• Uterine fibroids - a benign tumor that affects the functioning of the uterus, disrupts the menstrual cycle, makes the discharge abundant and thick.
• Endometrial polyposis - the inner layer of the uterus grows, resulting in growths (polyps) that cause severe pain in the lower abdomen, as well as the appearance of blood clots during menstruation.
• Hormonal failure - a violation of the balance of hormones leads to a violation of the cycle: menstruation may begin earlier or later than the expected period, their abundance, duration, as well as the color and consistency of the discharge change. Hormonal disorders can occur when taking birth control pills, hormonal drugs, when installing an intrauterine device, etc.
• Ovarian cysts are tumor formations that greatly affect the nature and course of the menstrual cycle. Menstruation is irregular, the discharge becomes more abundant and contains blood clots.
• Ectopic pregnancy - menstruation contains blood clots, body temperature rises, the girl is worried about severe pain in the lower abdomen.
• Violation of blood clotting - if the enzymes that should prevent blood clotting do not work for some reason, then the blood quickly coagulates in the uterine cavity and comes out in large clots.
• Taking hormonal drugs for the artificial induction of menstruation - the independent use of Duphaston with a delay in menstruation (without consulting a gynecologist) leads to an abundance of discharge. With heavy menstruation, part of the blood coagulates and comes out in clots.

Also, the consistency of discharge during menstruation is greatly influenced by insufficient fluid intake, an excess of vitamin B, iron deficiency in the blood, and low physical activity of a woman.

In some cases, during menstruation, women notice the appearance of large blood clots that look like liver or meat. Such discharge may be dark in color, have an unpleasant odor. This phenomenon can be caused by the following reasons:

• Septum on the cervix - blocks the exit from the uterus, contributes to the stagnation of blood and its folding into large clots resembling the liver. Such a partition can be congenital or occur under the influence of severe stress, after an abortion, miscarriage, with frequent smoking and alcohol dependence.
• Abortion, miscarriage, gynecological surgery - in all these cases, the next menstruation may be pathological: accompanied by pain, the consistency and abundance of discharge, the timing of the beginning and end of menstruation may change. Usually the gynecologist warns about this after an abortion (or surgery).
• Endometriosis.
• Hormonal imbalance.
• Intrauterine device - blocks the penetration of a fertilized egg into the uterus and provokes its exit in the form of mucus with streaks and blood clots, similar to the liver or meat.

Diagnosis of pathological periods

As you can see, the appearance of blood clots during menstruation can be triggered by a number of reasons. Some of these reasons are very dangerous for a woman's health (for example, ectopic pregnancy, uterine fibroids), so if you experience pain in the abdomen and during intercourse, large blood loss and other signs of pathology, you should consult a gynecologist and undergo a comprehensive examination.

First of all, the doctor will examine the patient and prescribe a blood test to study the indicators of blood clotting and hemoglobin. By the number of leukocytes, the presence of an inflammatory process in the body is determined. Taking a blood test for hormones allows you to study the situation with hormones. If necessary, ultrasound of the pelvic organs, hysteroscopy is performed. When a tumor is found, a biopsy is performed to determine its nature.

Treatment

After the diagnosis is made, the doctor develops a treatment algorithm. Upon detection of uterine fibroids, internal septum, pathological endometrium, an operation is prescribed. When removing a malignant tumor, the uterus often has to be completely removed.

In the absence of a serious pathology, conservative treatment is carried out, aimed at replenishing blood reserves after heavy menstruation, observed for several cycles. The patient is prescribed a diet rich in iron, vitamin therapy, as well as hormonal drugs. Of the drugs, folic acid, iron preparations and vitamins A, B, C are usually prescribed. The diet is aimed at increasing the following foods in the diet: apples, fish, red meat, pork or beef liver, eggs, buckwheat, butter, etc.

Thus, blood clots during menstruation are not necessarily a sign of pathology. If there are no other ailments, and the menstrual cycle has not gone astray, then there is no reason for concern. But if the bleeding is profuse, has an unpleasant odor, contains dark clots, and is painful, then you should consult a doctor. Be sure to visit a doctor and if you find clots that look like a liver.

Every woman knows and anticipates if something goes wrong during her period. And one of the most frequent phenomena - during menstruation, the discharge goes in pieces. Why this happens, is it a norm or a pathology, which diseases can be considered harmless, and which ones can lead to serious consequences - we will consider below.

What is menstruation and the duration of the menstrual cycle

The menstrual cycle of a woman - the period of time from the beginning of one menstruation to the beginning of another, on average (and is the norm for most women) is 28 days. It can vary greatly between women and vary, especially at a young age, since the cycle is controlled by female sex hormones.

The cycle begins on the first day of menstruation and lasts up to 7 days, while the inner lining of the uterus, the decidual layer (endometrium), is renewed, after which the body begins to produce specific hormones that serve as a signal to create a new lining of the uterus.

Then the endometrium thickens to accept the egg - this is approximately from the 14th day of menstruation. When the ovary prepares a mature egg for exit from the ovary into the fallopian tube, the period of ovulation begins (in the middle of the cycle). For a few more days, the egg moves through the fallopian tube ready for fertilization, but if the sperm does not fertilize it, it will simply dissolve.

And if the whole body is already ready for pregnancy, but it has not come, then the production of hormones decreases, the uterus rejects the endometrium, and the inner membrane exfoliates - we observe this process in the form of menstruation.

This means that discharge during menstruation is a mixture of a small amount of blood, particles of mucous tissue and endometrium. Normal menstrual flow is up to 200 ml.

A clot - what is it: why do large bloody pieces come out and how normal is it

The presence of blood clots in the discharge does not always indicate pathology. There can be many reasons for this. Every woman has a normal discharge of her own color and density.

The body is designed in such a way that during menstruation it produces special enzymes that can perform the function of anticoagulants and slow down blood clotting. When they cannot effectively cope with the task, with heavy menstruation, blood clots form. Such clotted blood, maroon in color with a jelly-like consistency and up to 10 cm long, is absolutely safe.

Also, do not worry if the clots are not accompanied by fever, severe pain and a high volume of secretions.

Clots should not bother you (for no additional reason) if:

• You are under 18;
• If less than a month has passed since the birth;
• if you have recently had an abortion, surgery, curettage, miscarriage;
• You are using intrauterine contraceptives that cause heavy discharge during menstruation;
• You know that you have an abnormal position of the uterus, which makes it difficult for blood to flow out normally, forming clots.

Also, blood clots form if a woman has been in one position for a long time, and then changed it dramatically. For example, from horizontal (during sleep, rest) or sitting (in a bus, car, office) to vertical (when walking). Thus, a woman from a stationary state passes into a mobile state, and the stagnation of blood in the uterus during calmness has time to curl up, forming clots that come out as soon as the movement begins.

This is considered the norm.

Such lumps are not a cause for concern if your normal body activity and hormonal state are not disturbed. If there are painful sensations and increased discomfort, there are reasons for concern.

Causes of menstruation with clots

Hormonal disbalance

In adolescence. When the girl's body is just starting its menstrual activity and rhythmic ovulation has not yet been established. This is the time to establish the process, this period lasts about 2 years.

Then failures of cycle duration, high sensitivity of an organism to stressful situations, any most insignificant negative factors are possible. So, the reproductive system can react with juvenile bleeding, prolonged periods of menstruation (up to 2 weeks) and blood comes out in the form of clots, like a liver.

Violations after childbirth or curettage of the uterine cavity. For a month after the birth of a child or in the case of surgery, a woman in labor may have huge bloody lumps. It is normal if, along with the discharge, there is no increase in temperature, otherwise you need to check if there are any fragments of the placenta left in the uterus.

During menopause, when the female reproductive and menstrual functions are fading (at the age of 45 years).

Hormonal imbalance is visible if it occurs dysfunction of the endocrine glands and cycle failure, then there is a huge exit with lumps of brown blood.

Often the violation occurs in women over the age of 45, during the period of perimenopause. The frequency of ovulation decreases, the amount of blood and endometrium rejected is disturbed, the discharge comes with a large number of clots.

Endometriosis and adenomyosis

Endometriosis. It is characterized by the growth of the uterine mucosa outside it, which is accompanied by painful and prolonged periods, cycle failure and an increased volume of blood that came out.

Abnormal development of the uterine mucosa (adenomyosis) through damage to its walls is accompanied by constant severe pain and large volumes of discharge with clots.

Adenomyosis affects not only the space of the main female organ, but has a chance to go to the ovaries, intestines and other organs. The appearance of endometriosis is still unclear, although it is generally accepted that “screenings” of the endometrium form on inflamed tissues. The childbearing space inside becomes like a honeycomb in painful foci.

The blood does not coagulate well, the contractile function of the organ works with disorders, and clinical intervention is required for surgical treatment.

Polyposis as a violation of the endometrium

For women after thirty years and even for those who are in the pre-menopausal age (about 50 years), discharge in the form of clots is a frequent occurrence. Endometrial polyposis (polyps) is a violation of the internal tissues of the uterine cavity. These tissues grow, covering the uterine cavity in the form of polyps, which can cause blood clots and pain in the lower abdomen during menstruation, violations of the monthly cycle through an abnormal “growth” of the uterine mucosa on the walls and its same non-systemic “removal”.

These lumps are also caused by other diseases, such as:

• Obesity- an excess of adipose tissue leads to a violation of the level of estrogen in the blood and affects the growth rate of the endometrium;
• Diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease or hypertension- accompanied by an increased amount of discharge due to a violation of the metabolic process in the body;
• Inflammatory diseases of the female genital organs (pelvis), both internal and external: has an infectious nature, causes an inflammatory reaction, in which the main role is played by blood vessels.

Ectopic pregnancy and pathology of pregnancy

Pregnancy pathology occurs when large lumps of discharge occur in a pregnant woman (she may not be aware of her “interesting position”), this may warn of a threatened miscarriage. There are abundant bloody discharge, and menstruation is painful, with severe discomfort in the lower abdomen in the form of contractions.

An ectopic pregnancy is a very rare occurrence, but it happens that during an ectopic pregnancy small brown dark pieces stand out.

Anomalies of the female genital organs

Violations at an early stage of the individual development of the fetus, during pregnancy, can manifest themselves in the form of abnormal sexual development, and the body of the uterus can have a pathological shape. That is, when there is a discharge, the uterus functions with violations, which leads to heavy bleeding and forms lumps.

Pathology of the cervix and uterine cavity.

1. Myoma of the uterus. A benign tumor or nodes disrupts the normal “removal” of the endometrium with the onset of the menstrual cycle. In such cases, there are strong periods, they contain large clots. Such bleeding with pieces occurs as a result of menstrual irregularities, and can occur both during the day and at night.
2. Hyperplasia of the endometrium of the uterus- the most common violation, while for menstruation there are many blood clots, including dark clots. May accompany diseases such as diabetes mellitus, increased body weight or hypertension.
3. Oncological pathologies of the cervix and uterine cavity. Through the obstructed movement of blood from the uterus and blood clotting in the uterine cavity, many clots form and the menses themselves are very painful. If you do not turn to a gynecologist in time, a woman develops a mass of “comorbid” diseases in protracted forms, which are manifested by constant bleeding.
4. The presence of cystic changes in the ovary. Gynecological diseases of the ovary associated with hormonal disorders. The process is painful, especially in the middle of the menstrual period, which manifests itself in the form of a sharp pain in the lower abdomen, a delay in the cycle and vaginal bleeding between menstruation.

Taking drugs to induce menstruation

It happens that a woman self-medicates with the use of drugs like Norkolut or Dufason, which are applicable during a delay in menstruation. The appearance of menstruation occurs with abundant discharge, which is associated with an insufficient amount of progesterone. When a woman has more estrogen in her body than progesterone, it stimulates the endometrium (the inner lining of the uterus) to grow, it grows and an imbalance occurs.

There is a lot of endometrium, there are relatively few vessels and the cells begin to die, the vessels are exposed and bleeding begins, which can be prolonged and profuse. This leads to the development of iron deficiency anemia.

Contraceptives and the intrauterine device

Oral contraceptives can cause short-term bleeding (for example, between pills). Intrauterine device (IUD). It can be gold, silver or ordinary polymer. In 7 out of 10 cases, it causes increased bleeding, as the body perceives the coil as a foreign body.

With discharge from the uterus, it goes along with clots. Some argue that such lumps appear in connection with monthly miscarriages, but this is a fundamentally erroneous assumption, since the contraceptive is inside the uterus. To prevent the sperm from getting on the way to the egg, which means it cannot fertilize it.

Accordingly, the theory of miscarriages is absolutely unfounded. Sometimes increased menstrual flow is associated with the individual reaction of the female body to a foreign body - a spiral.

Other (additional) reasons

When and under what discharge should you consult a gynecologist

Any clots should alert the woman. You can't just ignore them.

It is necessary to contact a gynecologist for an unscheduled examination if:

• The allocation does not stop within 7 days;
• Bleeding for all days does not decrease, and has reached an amount of more than 150-200 ml;
• If bleeding occurs "at the wrong time";
• You are planning a pregnancy and trying to conceive a child: here, clots may indicate egg rejection and a possible miscarriage;
• Allocations have a sharp unusual smell or clots of a very large size;
• The discharge is accompanied by severe pain, this may indicate infectious (inflammatory) processes or hormonal failure;
• There was shortness of breath, weakness, lethargy, tachycardia, blanching of the skin, which indicates a large blood loss.

Methods for the treatment of pathological processes during menstruation

If there are huge monthly blood losses, with the formation of clots, then it is necessary to undergo a course of treatment.

1. Conservative treatment- Its purpose is to replenish the body with iron. This is the use of vitamins and iron, both through food and medication, bed rest, especially during juvenile uterine bleeding and hormonal treatment.
2. Surgical treatment- is prescribed for complex cases, such as uterine fibroids, the presence of pathological endometrium, internal septum. Occurs by scraping or hysteroresectoscopy. In the most dangerous situations or in malignant pathologies, the uterus is removed.

Summing up

The most important thing to remember is that clots can be normal if the menses are painless, do not create additional discomfort, and there are no life disorders. And if there is concern or doubt, the presence of blood clots in the form of a liver or a painful condition - make an appointment with a doctor, undergo an examination to avoid diseases that are dangerous to health.

You need to undergo a gynecological examination, including ultrasound, to exclude any pathology of the uterus, to do a general blood test to determine a sufficient number of platelets. Further, drugs will be prescribed by the attending doctor that will increase blood clotting, normalize the hormonal background (depending on which disease is detected), and in complex malignant diseases, surgical intervention is performed.

But it is better for a woman to be regularly observed by a gynecologist in order to prevent pathology, and not get rid of her advanced form.

Video - traps for women. Painful menstruation

During menstruation, almost every woman has blood clots. They are often accompanied by prolonged and painful bleeding, but doctors believe that this is normal. However, when a woman has too strong clots during her period, this can be a sign of a gynecological disease, and how to distinguish a deviation from the norm, let's try to figure it out.

Why do clots come out during menstruation?

During the menstrual cycle, the walls of the uterus thicken in preparation for fertilization. If pregnancy does not occur before menstruation, then the endometrial layer is rejected, which is accompanied by bleeding. During menstruation, the body loses up to 250 ml of blood, but if blood loss is a larger volume, then this is considered an excess of the norm. With strong secretions, blood clots are formed, which in essence are small blood clots.

Causes of menstrual clots

If during menstruation a large number of large clots form, then this is a reason to contact a gynecologist. After the examination, the doctor will identify their cause, because there may be several possible pathologies:

• bending of the uterus;
• blood clots;
• uterine fibroids;
• endometriosis;
• diseases of the pelvic organs;
• abnormal development of the uterus;
• hormonal imbalance;
• blood clotting disorder.

Myoma

Myoma is a benign tumor that develops in violation of the hormonal background. Due to myomatous nodes, the area of ​​​​the endometrium increases, so the uterus is enlarged, and during heavy periods, clots are released, the patient is worried about pain during urination or defecation. The peak of the disease comes at 35-50 years, and is usually diagnosed in women of reproductive age.

Usually, fibroids do not give pronounced symptoms and are detected during a medical examination. Vivid symptoms mean that the size of the fibroids is large, therefore, surgical intervention is required. But there are some symptoms that should alert a woman:

1. Prolonged and profuse menstruation.
2. Large blood clots with mucus.
3. Pain in the lower back and lower abdomen.
4. Violation of the function of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract or urinary tract.

endometriosis

Large blood clots can cause endometriosis, when the endometrium that lines the inside of the uterus grows too large, affecting the internal organs. The cause of dense endometriosis is multiple abortions, iron deficiency, obesity, hormonal disorders or genetic predisposition. The symptoms of endometriosis are so diverse that sometimes even the most experienced gynecologists are misled. However, there are also pronounced symptoms:

• pain symptoms in the lumbar girdle or lower abdomen;
• during menstruation, strong blood clots and menstrual irregularities;
• infertility;
• intoxication: vomiting, weakness, chills, sometimes fever.

Anomaly in the development of the uterus

Abundant periods with blood clots occur if a woman has a congenital anomaly of the uterus. This disease occurs in 2% of women, and plays a decisive role in whether they can have children. Sometimes a woman with such a pathology manages to conceive and give birth, but pregnancy and childbirth take place with complications: miscarriages are often observed at different times. Abnormal structures of the uterus:

• bicornuate;
• saddle;
• unicorn;
• with a partition;
• agenesis;
• complete doubling.

Saddle-shaped and bicornuate uterus are common. In the first case, the part of the organ under the upper arch does not have a convex, but a bottom squeezed inward, in which partitions are formed. With this anomaly, it is possible to bear a fetus, but partitions usually cause many problems. As for the bicornuate organ, there are 2 cavities in it, connecting in the center or near the neck. Learn more about the bicornuate uterus in the video:

Pelvic disease

Inflammatory processes in the female pelvic organs include any combination of pelvic peritonitis, endometritis, tubo-ovarian abscess, or salpingitis. Usually these diseases are sexually transmitted, but can also be formed by microorganisms of the vaginal microflora. Inflammatory processes are diagnosed on the basis of complaints and clinical examination. Treatment of diseases is carried out with the use of conservative therapy, depending on the clinical form of the disease.

Violation of the blood coagulation system

The hemocoagulation system (blood clotting) activates the fibrinogen dissolved in the blood plasma and forms fibrin thrombi in the blood vessels that stop any bleeding. Various vascular or blood diseases lead to blood clotting disorders, which manifest themselves in the form of unreasonable bruises, bleeding that does not stop with injuries or heavy periods with blood clots in women.

Hormonal imbalance in the body

Hormones are produced by the ovaries, pituitary gland, adrenal glands, pancreas and thyroid gland. The totality of all hormones is responsible for women's health. If the body lacks any type of hormones, then the following deviations begin:

• failure of the menstrual cycle, as well as blood clots and heavy discharge during menstruation;
• sudden weight loss or vice versa, overweight;
• indigestion;
• swelling of the mammary gland;
• development of tumors;
• prostration.

There are many reasons for hormonal imbalance. For example, in adolescents, this is a temporary physiological process associated with the development of the body. And in women, hormonal storms occur after childbirth, after a missed period or after a miscarriage, during pregnancy, during menopause, or during breastfeeding. Also, the cause of hormonal failure easily becomes malnutrition, bad habits or chronic fatigue.

When should you visit a doctor?

If you are planning a pregnancy, then blood clots during your period should be a cause for concern. The appearance of clots indicates the impossibility of the fetal egg to attach to the uterus. If during menstruation not only clots appeared, but also aching pain in the lower abdomen, then you need to visit a gynecologist in any case: whether you are planning a pregnancy or not.

Treatment

Treatment of gynecological pathologies involves the correct diagnosis. The examination includes MRI, ultrasound of the pelvic organs, laboratory and cytological studies. If the diagnosis does not show anything serious, then the doctor will prescribe iron-containing drugs that will restore the low level of hemoglobin from blood loss during menstruation. In other cases, either conservative treatment or surgical intervention is prescribed if the situation is especially neglected.

Most women experience monthly crampy abdominal pain that radiates to the lower back. In addition, they are accompanied by swelling and mood swings. Similar signs indicate the beginning of menstruation. For some, this is a joy, for others - another disappointment, but the body is far from emotional reactions. It works in the usual physiological mode: the uterus is cleansed and brings its mechanism to readiness. Not always one menstruation is similar to the previous ones, and when there is a delay for several days or clots are found in the blood, women get lost, they begin to think about terrible diseases.

Normal menstrual flow

During menstruation, the main role is given to prostaglandins. This substance is actively produced by the mucosa and causes uterine contractions, which are felt as slight spasmodic movements. Such disharmony is considered normal and does not require medical intervention. Doctors recommend seeking advice in the following cases:

• cycle shorter than 21 and longer than 35 days;
• profuse bleeding that lasts more than a week;
• severe pain and dizziness during menstruation;
• painkillers do not relieve condition.

The release of small, the size of a small coin, menstrual blood clots should not be alarming. This is a sign of a good work of the coagulation system. Only in some cases, lumpy discharge becomes a reason to see a doctor.

Physiological causes of clots

Blood clots accompany all normal periods. It happens, if a woman is in a static position for a long time: sleeping, sitting, etc. From a physiological point of view, there is a simple explanation: the released blood stagnates in the uterine cavity. Most women will confirm that after waking up on the first visit to the toilet, there is a thick discharge that comes out in the form of lumps and is regarded as the norm.

The appearance of blood clots is considered natural in the postpartum period. Usually, recovery of ovarian function occurs after two months. The first menstruation after a long physiological absence will differ from the usual critical days before pregnancy. But you should consult a doctor only if you have unexpected periods, which are accompanied by painful cramps.

Monthly discharge with copious blood clots is always observed, when is an intrauterine device.

Besides, with congenital anomalies structures, such a symptom is not a cause for concern. Deformation of the intrauterine septum, bending of the uterus, the existence of only one paramesonephric duct leads to unusual secretions, which are the norm.

The release of blood clots during menstruation is a fairly common phenomenon due to the physiological mechanisms of its coagulation. However, in some cases, their appearance may be a signal of the development of serious hormonal changes or pathological processes. Therefore, you should know the symptoms characteristic of these diseases in order to consult a doctor in time, find out the causes and find out what to do next.

To understand why large blood clots come out during menstruation, you should know the physiology of this process.

Although the menstrual cycle is regulated by the hypothalamus, the main changes occur in the ovaries and uterus. It goes through several stages:

Consequently, during menstruation, the accumulated blood, mucus and epithelium of the uterus comes out, which explains the presence of clots in the discharge.

When clots are the norm

If large clots during menstruation came out in the morning immediately after getting out of bed, then this is the norm. This is explained by the accumulation and clotting of blood in the uterine cavity at a time when the body is in a horizontal position. The same can happen during prolonged sitting in one place.

In certain cases, blood coagulation in the uterine cavity is due to the individual characteristics of its structure. Some women have congenital or acquired bends, constrictions, septa, and other anomalies. Usually, menstruation is heavy and very painful, but the only treatment can be surgery.

Pathologies in which clots form

Among the reasons explaining why during menstruation large clots form and go out through the genital tract, several pathologies can be distinguished.

Hormonal disbalance

If the function of the endocrine glands is impaired, the female body reacts very quickly to this by changes in the menstrual cycle. An increase in the period between periods leads to a strong growth of the endometrium and blood vessels. Therefore, during its rejection, large clots come out, and the periods themselves become plentiful and, most often, painful.

Neoplasms

Similar symptoms are observed in the formation of a benign tumor (myoma) in the uterine cavity.

Polyposis of the endometrium

In this disease, the formation of multiple polyps occurs as a result of the growth the inner layer of the endometrium, as shown in the photo. Despite the fact that these are benign formations, the monthly cycle fails, large blood clots are released, severe pains in the lower abdomen are observed. Sometimes polyps, growing to large sizes, are rejected by the body and brought out. After these formations, similar to a piece of connective tissue, have come out, the cycle is restored, and all symptoms disappear.

endometrial hyperplasia

The basis of this pathology is the growth of the endometrium due to the increased division of its stromal and glandular cells. In this case, the discharge can be slight and smearing, which distinguishes them from normal menstruation. But in adolescence, hyperplasia is manifested by profuse bleeding with large blood clots, which often leads to anemia. The causes of hyperplasia are:

• hormonal disorders,
• obesity,
• hypertension,
• diabetes,
• violation of the functions of the liver, thyroid gland and adrenal glands.

endometriosis

With this disease, the cells of the inner lining of the uterus germinate into its body, as well as its exit beyond the anatomical boundaries of the organ, as shown in the photo. Since the true cause of this pathology has not been established, scientists only talk about predisposing factors, which include hormonal disorders, unsuccessful abortions and other surgical interventions, obesity, liver dysfunction, and the installation of an intrauterine device. It has been noticed that this disease often occurs if, during menstruation, small blood clots with endometrial cells enter the abdominal cavity, and later penetrate into adjacent tissues.

Malfunctions of the blood coagulation system

Insufficient production of anticoagulants leads to the fact that the blood begins to clot even in the uterine cavity. Therefore, a woman may notice that large clots have come out instead of liquid secretions.

Infectious diseases

If the disease is accompanied by an increase in body temperature, blood clots may come out.

In any case, contacting a doctor who will decide what to do next is mandatory.

Other reasons

Other factors that explain why large clots came out during menstruation include:

• The presence of an intrauterine device. The presence of a foreign body in the internal genital organs causes heavy periods with the release of large blood clots.
• postpartum period. Within 3-4 weeks after the birth of the baby, very large blood clots may be released, which are normal. However, if they are accompanied by pains similar to contractions, and at the same time there is an increase in the overall body temperature, then it is possible that pieces of the placenta remain in the body of the uterus.
• Intense physical activity during menstruation. This leads to the tone of the muscles of the internal genital organs, the blood in them stagnates and has time to clot. In this case, it is quite understandable why large clots are formed, which are then released when the muscles relax.

If large blood clots came out during menstruation, causing pain, discomfort, or an increase in body temperature, then you don’t have to think about what to do on your own. You should consult a doctor as soon as possible and undergo an examination. Timely detection of pathology will prevent the development of complications, tissue degeneration, infertility or the transition of the disease to a chronic form.

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