How to teach a child to speak correctly - effective advice from speech therapists. The child incorrectly pronounces the sound with and other whistling sounds. What to do

By the age of 4-5, the child must correctly pronounce all sounds - this is necessary for his further development, correct writing and reading. Some of our tips can help you:

1. You need to find out exactly which sounds are disturbed. To do this, invite the child to name the pictures or repeat after you the words that have the sound you are interested in at the beginning, middle, end of the word, for example [C]: sled, scales, bus; [Z]: hare, goat; [C]: chicken, cucumber, chicken; [W]: hat, mice, reeds; [W]: giraffe, skiing; [S]: brush, lizard, cloak; [H]: kettle, cloud, ball; [L]: shovel, saw, woodpecker; [R]: fish, cow, ball.

2. You need to work with each sound separately. Start with the “lightest” sound, then take on others in order of increasing complexity: k, g, x, s, s, c, w, g, u, h, d, l, p.

3. Work on each sound, start with gymnastics for the lips and tongue. They do it in front of a mirror so that the child can not only feel the work of his organs of articulation, but also see it - this will have a positive effect on the development of his phonemic hearing, and therefore on sound pronunciation. Perform each exercise 10 times, but make sure that the child does not overwork, does it with desire. You can achieve results only if the child has positive emotions.

Exercises can be found in any book on speech therapy. Here is some of them.

“Proboscis - smile”: the lips either stretch out with a proboscis, like an elephant, then they smile like a frog.
“Shovel-needle”: the tongue is sometimes wide, sometimes long and narrow.

"Swing": the tip of the tongue either rises behind the upper teeth, then falls behind the lower ones. The mouth is wide open.
"Watch": the tip of the tongue, like a clock pendulum, moves from the right corner of the lips to the left and back at different speeds.
"Malyar": "paint the sky" with the "tip" of the tongue (drive only along the front of the sky).

4. First you need to achieve the pronunciation of one sound, not whole words. The best way to get the sound is by explaining to the child where and how to put the tongue and what to “make” the lips. K, d, x: raise the tongue in a “lump” to the back of the sky, the tip of the tongue is lowered, the lips are parted; c, h: tongue with a "groove" at the bottom of the mouth, lips smile, air goes in the middle of the tongue along the groove; c: the sound consists of the rapid pronunciation of two sounds - [t] and [s], at the first moment the tip of the tongue rests on the “tubercles” behind the upper teeth, as with the sound [t], then bounces to the position [s]; w, g: stick out the tongue, make a cup (“so that water does not spill out”), remove the cup by the upper teeth, lips are rounded, stretched forward with a “mouthpiece”; l: the tongue rests on the bases of the upper teeth or on the teeth, stands firmly, like a “soldier on duty”, does not let in the air that goes along the sides of the tongue; p: the tongue is raised to the alveoli, trembles finely under the pressure of a strong jet of air, the lips make a "grin like a dog's", hard, tense.

5. To achieve a strong directed exhalation, come up with all sorts of games: soap bubbles, blowing bubbles through a cocktail tube into the water, just blowing hard on the water in a deep dish, turntables, whistles, drive a “boat”, a sliver through the water, drive the ball into the goal , a cotton ball between two pencils. In all games, one condition: the cheeks must be thin (do not swell).

R is the most difficult sound. Often it is pronounced in French: the tip of the tongue is below, and its root or uvula, a small tongue, trembles. It's hard to fix, but it's possible. Try the exercises: 1) hit the alveoli with the tip of the tongue, pronouncing "d-d-d ..." (as on a drum); the lips are tense, the mouth is open. Then exhale strongly on the tip of the tongue "d-d-d-dr-r"; 2) put small pieces of paper on the tip of the tongue, quickly bring them over the upper teeth and blow them off with a strong exhalation; 3) pronounce "w-w-w" and move the tip of the tongue at the same time.

That is, when performing all these exercises, you need to ensure that the tip of the tongue is raised to the bases of the upper teeth and “trembles”. Now your child has a new sound!

6. In the next lesson (and you need to practice 15–20 minutes daily), fix sounds in syllables, for example SHO, SHU, SHA, SB, SHI, OSH, USh, ASh, ESH, ISH or TRA-TRO, DRO-DRY, ATP -ADR, OTR-ODR. When it becomes easy, start repeating words, naming pictures with these sounds.

7. Now make sure that the child pronounces the mastered sound in his free speech. This stage of automation can take a long time, even a year. Be patient.

8. Fixing one sound in everyday speech, at the same time start working on the next one.

9. It happens that a child perfectly pronounces similar sounds, for example, “z” and “g”, or “s” and “sh”, or “h” and “u”, and in his speech he interchanges them. This is dangerous for future writing. The same errors may occur when writing. Moreover, the child will confuse not only these letters, but also other paired consonants (b - p, d - t, d - d, t - t), since with such a violation, not only sounds mixed in speech are affected, but also sound letter system as a whole. In order to avoid future mistakes, you need to consider with the child what is the difference in the position of the organs of articulation when pronouncing these sounds, listen to their sound with closed eyes, compare, think with the child what you hear in the sound - the squeak of a mosquito or the buzzing of a bug.

Then - such a game: you call the child syllables with mixed sounds, and he determines what sound is in this syllable. Then do the same with words. And then pick up and teach how to correctly pronounce tongue twisters like “Drying on the table, cones on the pine tree” or:

Chiki-chiki-chikalochki,
The bear rides on a stick!
Squirrel on a trolley
Cracks nuts.

Or a poem by A. Barto "We did not notice the beetle."

What else, besides the correct sound pronunciation, should be in the speech of a six-year-old child? He not only generalizes in one word "vegetables" - cabbage, potatoes, beets - but also independently enumerates what applies, say, to fruits. When listing "airplanes, cars, trains, tractors," he singles out the plane and explains: "It flies, it has wings"; a six-year-old is already able to explain the differences between, say, the same plane and a bird: “She is alive, and he is iron, he has a motor” (the selection of the most essential must be tirelessly taught). In a book, picture, film, the child highlights the main thing, is able to retell the content, understands who the hero of the work is, who acts correctly and why, condemns negative characters.

A child at this age composes fairy tales, stories, understands fiction, fantasy and distinguishes them not only from reality, but also from lies, which he condemns. He is able to speak to adults with a poem, reading it expressively, conveying the mood. He learns the alphabet, composes syllables and remembers the spelling of several words, highlighting them in the text; he writes in block letters some words of three or four letters and his name - of course, while making monstrous mistakes; understands the plot connection of three pictures, composes a story, a fairy tale based on them.

If your preschooler has not yet achieved something, help him patiently and joyfully. And your hard work will be rewarded a hundredfold. The receptive age of your child will also help with this.

It will be interesting too

How to teach a child to speak? Will mom be able to cope with this task herself, without the help of a specialist? Yes, he can. We have collected 10 rules, following which you will help the baby to start speaking early, accumulate his vocabulary, make the child's speech as clear and correct as possible.

When my daughter was born, I received a second education in the specialty "speech therapy". Working with my daughter and applying methods of communication with children with speech disorders, we have achieved very good results. My child's speech has become clear, rich, my daughter is happy and talks a lot. These rules are suitable for both children with normal speech development, and for children experiencing any difficulties.

1. In the first months after birth, the baby spends all his time with his mother, he needs her for full development. Mom leans over to the baby, looks into her face, coos affectionately with him, intuitively choosing the right way to communicate.

It is important that the mother constantly talks to the child, sings to him: Ah-ah-ah! Ltd! So that the baby sees the mother's face, sees her articulation.

2. Talk to your child about everything, comment on all your actions:“Here, my mother took a bottle. Mom poured milk into a bottle. Mom gave a bottle to Masha. Mashenka, on! It is you who know what you are doing, you perform this operation automatically, and the child has not encountered these actions in the past life experience. It is necessary to tell the baby about everything that the mother does.

3. Talk to your child so that he sees your face, your articulation, your facial expressions. Do not throw words on the run. The child begins to speak, imitating the adult, and we must help him. Pronounce words clearly, draw stressed vowels. For example, when showing a picture of a cow, say out loud with your mouth wide open: “This is KA-ROO-WA. (We write cow, but we pronounce karova, so the child should be told). The cow says: MU-U-U! Pull the lips forward, and the child will soon understand how the sound U is formed.

4. When the baby becomes older (from about 1 year 4 months - 1 year 8 months) and already begins to speak on his own, start talking to him in your normal voice, while clearly pronouncing sounds. Only when naming new or hard-to-pronounce words, look the child in the face and articulate exaggeratedly, i.e. louder, clearer than usual pronounce each sound. This will help your child understand how to pronounce a difficult word.

5. Do not replace complex words with simple ones. If there is an octopus in the book, call it that. Do not generalize in one word, for example, "hat" cap, scarf, panama, hat, helmet. The child sooner or later learns that these are different hats, each with its own name. If you immediately call a bun, cake, cookie, shortbread, mannik, sour cream, etc., by their own names, then the baby will begin to distinguish between them.

6. Don't forget the verbs! Moms, as a rule, comment on everything that the child sees, using only the names of objects: This is a pussy, a dog. Look what a machine! Rain, cloud, sun! As a result, the child does not accumulate a verb vocabulary. And if a child with normal speech development himself accumulates this verbal dictionary over time, then a child with some kind of underdevelopment of speech will need the help of a specialist.

Talk to a small child in simple sentences: The car is driving (rushing, standing). The sun is shining (rose, hid, smiles, looks at us). Kitty sits (stands, lies, sleeps, washes, eats, plays, meows, runs, jumps, catches a mouse).

Also accumulate signs of objects when walking or looking at pictures with a child. The sun is radiant (beautiful, yellow, kind, warm, affectionate, summer).

7. Use opposition. The bunny jumps and the bird flies. The sun is bright, joyful, and the cloud is dark, gloomy, sad. The elephant is big and the mouse is small.

Enriching the dictionary in this way, you will not only increase it in volume, but also systematize it, “sort it out” in the child’s head. When the time comes, it will be easier for the baby to “get it”, pick up the right word.

8. Read fiction from birth- poems, fairy tales. It is important that fiction is appropriate for the age of the child. Works must be illustrated. A small child has a visual way of thinking, there are few images in his head, therefore, when reading a fairy tale or a poem, be sure to look for heroes in the pictures together, examine, discuss what they are, give an assessment. Reading fiction - enriches vocabulary. In everyday life, we use simple verbs, a small number of signs of objects, and writers and poets use more colorful epithets.

9. Play with words, syllables, sounds. There is no need to devote special time to this kind of games; you can play in transport, sitting in line at the clinic. Play syllables with a small baby. You tell him: “Ta-ta-ta”, he tells you: “Tu-tu-tu”, you tell him: “Ma-ma-ma”, he tells you: “Pa-pa-pa”, etc. As a rule, children are willingly included in such games, but there is enough interest for 5-10 minutes. And we don't need more! And they practiced in the clarity of pronunciation and did gymnastics for the tongue and lips.

From about two years old (even earlier, if the child already speaks well), play with words. For example, what is soft (bread, pillow, clothes, grass, tummy, cat, etc.), green, edible? Name the words in turn, help the baby if he finds it difficult. Children love the game: "What is this?" Point to any objects, ask and answer the question “What is this?” This game can be played for a very long time, especially outdoors.

10. Develop fine motor skills. The hand, according to experts, is the second organ of speech, you should not leave it unattended. When the baby is very small, massage his fingers with your hands or “hedgehogs” (bumpy balls), play melodious games with him (“Magpie”, “Ladushki”). In the future, introduce the child to different toys or objects - soft, rubber, plastic, wooden, rough, prickly, smooth, pimply. The kid will study these objects with his hands.

Starting from about a year (and earlier), give your child cereals, pasta, beans, sand. Sculpt from plasticine (salt dough), assemble a mosaic, design, draw.

Talk more, joke, encourage any speech activity of the child and soon you will get the most interesting interlocutor for yourself!

How to teach a child to correctly speak the sound with and other whistling sounds: articulatory gymnastics, setting sound with, video - a demonstration of simple and affordable ways to set sound with, songs with sound with.

Many children mistakenly pronounce the sound C, which is difficult for them, and other whistling sounds (s. z, z, c). They can skip this sound or replace it with other sounds.
In the norm of speech development, by the age of five, children correctly pronounce all the sounds of their native language. a (with the exception, perhaps, of the sound p, which may appear a little later - at 5.5 years). But now, few of the children reach this norm. What is the reason?
1. Previously, in every kindergarten, from the age of three until graduation from kindergarten, articulation gymnastics was regularly carried out with all children before breakfast, and in the evening - individual exercises with children who find it difficult to pronounce sound. And this was not done by a speech therapist, but by the most ordinary trained educator! And these were not isolated complexes, exercises and games, but a strictly substantiated system of teaching speech and pronunciation of sounds. Because problems cannot be solved without a system. Now this is already history, and it is rare where you can find such a clearly and consistently built system for the work of a teacher on sound pronunciation with kids. Perhaps that is why modern children have more problems with speech.
2. Now parents pay much less attention to the speech of babies. Often the child is required only to show something: “Where is Saturn? Where is Jupiter? Where is the Hermitage?” rather than the ability to express YOUR thoughts, YOUR feelings. Very often I hear: “What difference does it make what he says. The main thing is that you can understand it, and that's it! But speech is a means of self-expression, communication, knowledge. And the success of all types of human activity depends on its development.

The child incorrectly pronounces the sound with and other whistling sounds. What to do?

How to help a child if he incorrectly pronounces the sound with and other whistling sounds? Can parents help a child?
As it is right, parents wait for the age of 5 and then take the baby to a speech therapist. Although sometimes one push is enough, which will cause the correct sound in the child and help to fix it in speech, without waiting for the age of five. And this “push” should be done not at 5-6 years old, when it was already late, but much earlier - at the age of 4. And most importantly, to give such an impetus, you do not need to be an expert specialist at all! You just need to know the exact technology learning sounds for kids and its nuances.
In order to form the correct pronunciation of all the sounds of the native language in children in kindergartens, special sound pronunciation classes are held for all children (Note - not even in speech therapy kindergartens, but in the most ordinary kindergartens, sound pronunciation classes should be regularly held). If for some reason there are no such classes, then at home you can help the baby.
I know many mothers and grandmothers who, living far away from a speech therapist, coped with the problem of difficult sounds themselves and helped their babies. And I know many educators who can prevent speech disorders and help the child speak correctly and learn to pronounce all the sounds of his native speech. We are all able to help the baby and tell him the right way!
But I want to warn you:
If the child does not have complex speech disorders, then the techniques that I will discuss in this article will be enough. And he will please both you and himself with the correct sound suddenly appearing in his speech with or z. And there are many such children! The only task left is to make the correct pronunciation of the sound automatic, i. automate the correct pronunciation of a given sound.
But if all sounds are disturbed in a child, he makes a lot of grammatical mistakes, his speech is slurred, he speaks with difficulty, then a speech therapist is indispensable. And the sooner you contact a specialist, the better the results will be.
All articulation exercises are useful not only for children whose sound pronunciation is impaired, but for all preschoolers, because they develop the articulatory apparatus, make it more mobile, flexible, teach them to control it consciously.

Sound stages.

Working on a new sound that the child pronounces incorrectly includes a number of steps:
1. Clarification of the movements of the organs of the articulatory apparatus needed to pronounce this sound, training the movements of the articulatory apparatus - articulatory gymnastics,
2. The appearance of sound- sound setting
3. sound acquisition- fixing the correct pronunciation of sound in the child's speech (in isolation, in syllables, in words, in phrases and texts - poems, stories, games, nursery rhymes). I will talk about all these stages in more detail.

First stage. Articulation gymnastics for whistling sounds (s, s, s, s, c)

As a rule, in a child who does not speak the sound c or pronounces it incorrectly, the sound pronunciation of other whistling sounds is also impaired (whistling sounds include the sounds s, s, ts and a soft version of the sounds - s, s). One of the reasons for the incorrect pronunciation of sound is the lack of mobility of the organs of the articulatory apparatus. Therefore, for correct pronunciation, a special “regular exercise-exercises” is needed - articulatory gymnastics.
AT complex of articulatory gymnastics exercises are combined that prepare strictly defined movements of the articulatory apparatus and the positions of the tongue, lips, necessary for a given group of sounds, develop the correct air stream. Therefore, I really do not recommend moms, dads, grandparents to come up with their own articulation gymnastics complexes from different books and from the Internet. After all, all the complexes of articulatory gymnastics are by no means randomly compiled! It is impossible to form movements that are opposite to each other at the same time, therefore, in the complex of articulation gymnastics, all exercises complement each other and are aimed at one goal - one group of sounds!
Articulatory gymnastics should be performed daily without interruption. The most convenient time is before breakfast in the morning. It takes only 3-5 minutes of your time to carry out such gymnastics.
Each time articulation gymnastics is carried out in a playful way.- in the form of a fairy tale or story, accompanied by exercises. This is where your imagination is welcome - you can come up with any plot in which you include these exercises, and change the plot and characters in accordance with the interests of your baby!

Tips for conducting articulation gymnastics - it is important to know and perform:

Usually 2-3 exercises are performed at a time. Each exercise is performed multiple times.
If you add to the complex new exercise, then it is only one, and all other exercises should be familiar to the child by this time.
If the child finds it difficult to do old familiar exercises, then a new exercise is not introduced, but the old ones are fixed. But the consolidation takes place in a new form for the child - in a new plot, with new characters.
Articulation exercises should be done while sitting in front of a mirror.- You sit next to the child facing the mirror and show all the movements, the child can clearly see your face.
Be sure to monitor the symmetry of the face when performing gymnastics movements(the movements of the child should be symmetrical to the left and right half of the face). This is clearly visible to the child in the mirror, and he can track whether he is performing the movement correctly.
It is necessary to monitor during articulatory gymnastics the accuracy, smoothness of movements, give the child clear criteria for the correctness and incorrectness of the exercise, correct his mistakes, monitor the absence of unnecessary side movements, a good pace of gymnastics and the ability to move from one movement to another. If you just formally carry out the exercises, then their conduct is useless or of little use! After all, articulatory gymnastics is not called so for nothing. This is really "gymnastics", in which the correctness of movements is important, and not just playing with the tongue! By analogy: if you just lazily twist your arms, then this will not be physical education or fitness and will not have a good result for your health! The same is true in articulatory gymnastics. For the result, the quality of the movements is important, and not any movement in itself.
Articulatory gymnastics exercises, if performed correctly and accurately, are not easy for most children. Therefore, in no case do not scold the child, do not grieve that he does not succeed the first time. Everything needs to be learned! And there is one life law - everything that is developed, develops! Therefore, everything is still ahead of you! Praise the baby for what he is already doing - you can already make your tongue wide, your tongue has already begun to move quickly, etc.

Preparatory complex of articulation gymnastics includes exercises needed to pronounce any sounds. It is with such a preparatory complex that it is best to start doing articulation gymnastics in kindergarten or at home. The basic version of such a complex, which you can start doing at home:
Smile and keep your lips in a smile. At the same time, the front teeth are exposed and clearly visible.
Tube. Pulling the lips forward with a tube. With this movement, only the lips move!
Ringlet. Ring-shaped lips.
Alternation: smile - ring - tube.
Calm opening and closing of the mouth, lips in a smile. There should be no other unnecessary movements!
The tongue is wide.
The tongue is narrow.
Alternation: wide tongue - narrow tongue.
Tongue rise for the upper teeth.
Alternation of movements tongue up and down.
Alternation of movements tongue with the tip of the tongue lowered down: move the tongue deep into the mouth - bring it closer to the teeth.

If these movements are easy for the child, then you can immediately proceed to the complex for whistling sounds. If there are difficulties, then you need to train the basic movements from the preparatory complex. If the child cannot do the exercise with the alternation of “smile - ring - tube”, then I strongly advise you to consult with a speech therapist.

Complex of articulation exercises for whistling sounds p. h, c (Designed by Fomicheva M.V.).

Helpful Hints:

• In every exercise I give description of movements and typical mistakes(See "What to look out for"). After the description you will find video all exercises.
• First, do all these exercises yourself in front of a mirror, paying attention to all the nuances, master them, and then learn them with your children.
• Never scold a child for a mistake, just show once again the correct version of the exercise yourself, focusing on the necessary nuance, describe to the child in words how to perform the movements, what to follow. Children are quite calm about the “mistakes of a cheerful tongue” and are happy to “teach” him to do the movements correctly.

Exercise 1. Drive the ball into the goal.

Our task: in this exercise, the child will learn how to direct a long, directed stream of air.
Performing the exercise:
Put two cubes on the table - this is the gate. And next to the gate on the table in front of the child, put a cotton ball. The child stretches his lips forward with a tube, blows on the ball and tries to drive it into the gate of cubes.

Do not puff out your cheeks! The kid can hold them with his hands to control himself.
The stream of air should be long and without interruption - one long exhalation.

Exercise 2. Punish the naughty tongue.

Our task: teach the child to keep the tongue wide and relaxed. And continue to produce a directed air jet.
Performing the exercise:
The child, opening his mouth, puts his tongue on his lower lip and, slapping his lips, pronounces five-five-five. He then opens his mouth and keeps his tongue relaxed, wide and resting on his lower lip.
I don’t like to “punish” the tongue with the children, which is already trying its best to do it, so I do this exercise with the kids in a different story - the tongue rests and sings the song pi-py-py. Or I suggest that the child massage the tongue: pya-pya-pya. You can also come up with your own story.
What you need to pay attention to:
The edges of the tongue touch the corners of the mouth - the tongue is really very wide.
We pat the tongue with our lips several times on one exhalation, while the air stream goes smoothly, without interruption, without holding your breath.
The child can check the correctness of the exercise as follows - bring a cotton wool to his mouth, and it will deviate. Children always love this kind of self-examination.

Exercise 3. Wide tongue - pancake.

Our task: we will teach the child to keep the tongue in a calm, relaxed state.
Performing the exercise:
You need to smile, put the wide front edge of the tongue on the lower lip and hold it in this state from one to five to ten. Try it yourself first!
What you need to pay attention to when following the exercise in the mirror:
Lips should not be in a tense smile - a grimace, they should be relaxed in a smile.
The lower lip should not tuck in.
The tongue should not "run away" far - it just covers the lower lip.
The lateral edges of the tongue touch the corners of the mouth - it is relaxed.
If the exercise does not work out, then you must continue to do the previous one - “punish the tongue”. And come back to this exercise later.

Exercise 5. Who will drive the ball further?

Our task- we will work out the correct air stream - the air goes in the middle of the tongue, the air stream is smooth, long, continuous.
Performing the exercise:
You will need a fleece, which we will try to drive away. Cotton wool is our "ball". You need to smile, put the wide front edge of the tongue on the lower lip. Then pronounce the sound f for a long time. And blow off the cotton wool on the opposite edge of the table.
What you need to pay attention to:
The lower lip should not stretch over the lower teeth.
Do not puff out your cheeks!
It is necessary to pronounce the sound f, not x - it is with the sound f that the air stream is narrow, as we need.

Exercise 6. Brush your teeth.

Our task: we will teach the child to hold the tip of the tongue behind the lower teeth - this is required for the pronunciation of whistling sounds.
Performing the exercise:
Smile, open your mouth. Brush your lower teeth with the tip of your tongue. First move the tongue from side to side, and then from bottom to top.
What you need to pay attention to:
Lips in a smile and motionless throughout the exercise.
When moving from side to side, the tongue is at the gums, and not at the top edge of the teeth.
When moving from bottom to top, the tip of the tongue should be wide and move from the root of the teeth upwards.

Sometimes articulatory gymnastics seems boring and uninteresting to adults. But not for children! I know from my own experience that children really like to look at themselves in the mirror, “learn the naughty tongue” and improve the technique of the exercise. And to all children! And if the plot of the exercises is changed, then interest in them always remains very large, and there is a kind of intrigue - what will be new this time? After all, the kid himself sees his results clearly, sees that every time he moves, he gets better and better, more and more accurate. And in this way, the baby explores himself, the structure of his body, which also captivates preschoolers.

How long does it take to prepare it is simply impossible to say. For one child, three times is enough, for another - a week, for the third - a month. But the better the organs of the articulatory apparatus are developed, the faster the baby will learn to pronounce all sounds correctly. Therefore, it’s not worth “spare” for this time and rush!

You can see the exercises of the articulation gymnastics complex for whistling sounds in the video below.

Video. Articulation gymnastics for whistling sounds (s, h, c)

Second phase. Sound setting.

At the second stage, those children who correctly pronounce the sound c, refine its articulation and pronunciation, and strengthen their skills. The same children who did not know how to pronounce it, learn to pronounce this sound - “whistle”.
It is very important that the child is aware of the correct articulation of the sound and can check himself. This has been possible since the age of 4. And in the classes on the development of speech, all children are taught this (according to at least, should be taught even in the most ordinary kindergarten).
Why do children with good sound pronunciation need this knowledge and skills? To develop their ability to consciously control the organs of the articulatory apparatus, to clarify and consolidate the correct pronunciation, for a clearer and faster work of the organs of articulation, for good mobility of the organs of the articulatory apparatus. All these skills develop gradually and require training.

At 4 years old the child learns how teeth, lips, tongue work when pronouncing sounds in the form of a fairy tale - the game "Tales of the Merry tongue".

From 5 years old you can explain to children the correct articulation of sound already in the form we are used to (without a fairy tale) and ask the baby questions: “How does the mouth work? What does the tongue do, etc. At senior preschool age, it is already important not only to make a movement and be able to talk about the correct execution of the exercise, but also to monitor the smoothness and accuracy of movements, for quick switching to a new movement, for ease of movement.

Articulation gymnastics with children of any age can be completed with an exercise or game with onomatopoeia with this sound, which you will find below.

When staging a sound, the baby also learns the correct articulation of the sound.

Correct articulation of sound.

With the correct pronunciation of the sound with:
The mouth smiles (the corners of the mouth are slightly pulled back),
teeth are closed,
The tip of the tongue rests on the lower incisors (i.e., it is at the bottom, not at the top),
The front part of the back of the tongue is close to the alveoli and forms a gap with them (children know the alveoli as "tubercles" in the sky, at the top of the mouth),
In the middle of the tongue, when pronouncing a sound, a groove is formed along which air flows.
In contrast to the hissing sounds when pronouncing whistling sounds cold air stream! In order to determine which stream of air comes from the mouth, you need to bring your hand to your mouth with your palm down. Say the sound Sh yourself in this position, and then the sound C, and you will see the difference. You can show the baby this difference by blowing on his hand while pronouncing these two sounds. And then he himself will experiment with pleasure, how he does it - a cold stream of air or not.

For four-year-old children, you can set up sound C in the form of a game. Invite your child to ride a bike. To do this, we need to inflate the tires with air, which deflated a little. We will work as a pump and inflate the tires with air: ssss. Show yourself how the “pump works” - sss (show the articulation of this sound so that the child can clearly see your face). Ask the child: what is the position of the lips when the pump whistles? (In a smile). Are teeth visible? (Yes). Where is the tip of the tongue? (Bottom, hidden behind the lower teeth). What air goes - cool or hot? (Cool) - Bring the back of your hand to your mouth. Compare with X sound - when is the air warmer at X sound or C pump sound?
Invite the child to “take the pump” (pantomime is an imaginary action) and “pump up the tires with the pump” - whistle ssss.
Very often, even such a refinement of the correct sound pronunciation of the sound C in the game "Pump" is enough for a four-year-old child to begin to pronounce the sound correctly!

It happens that “playing the pump” is not enough and you need to clarify the articulation of the sound individually, in front of a mirror. When staging sound by imitation you can offer the baby to blow on a slightly protruding wide tongue, imitating you. After that, you need to translate the tongue behind the lower teeth. “Look where my tongue is. Do you see teeth? Do the same. Smile so your teeth show. Press the wide tongue to the front teeth at the top. Well done! Now cover your mouth and let's blow. Bring your hand to your chin - can you feel the air coming in? Place the cotton pad on the child's chin so that a stream of air hits it. If the child is blowing weakly, then ask him to blow harder, but do not puff out his cheeks. So, by imitation, the child will get the correct sound s. Repeat this sound 5-6 times with pauses.

It is not necessary to expect that the sound C that appeared by imitation will immediately appear in the child's speech. For a child, this is just the sound of a pump in the game! Even the next day, the baby may already forget everything, and you will have to show the sound production exercise again. And ask him to whistle like a pump, make noise like a vacuum cleaner, blow and whistle like the wind, etc. In order for the sound from to enter the speech of the child, games and game exercises are needed to automate it, which I will discuss in the next article. After all, just repeating words and phrases with sound is not at all interesting for a baby! And still need to teach the child to distinguish between close and similar sounds, so as not to confuse them in speech. We will also talk about this in the continuation of this article.

And in the end I want to offer you two videos about making whistling sounds with a demonstration of simple and affordable techniques.

How to teach a child of 3-4 years old to speak the whistling sounds C and Z correctly? Video

If a child is good at articulation gymnastics movements, then, as a rule, a few simple tricks allow him to almost immediately learn how to correctly pronounce whistling sounds from and to. You will learn how to teach a child at home to speak the sound correctly and correct its pronunciation from the video of Irina Denisova. She shares some professional speech therapy secrets with her parents.

If you managed to successfully call the sound, then it remains only to automate its correct pronunciation in syllables, words and phrases. You can find out about games and exercises for automating the sounds C and C in a child’s speech in the article.

If the pronunciation of many sounds is disturbed in a child, articulation exercises are very difficult for him, and it is not possible to call the “correct” sound, then you definitely need to contact a speech therapist to a children's clinic or a speech therapy kindergarten. You can always find out the addresses of all institutions where you can get help from a speech therapist free of charge at the district or city department of education.

And at the end of the article - a few songs for speech classes with children according to the sound s.

Songs with sound C. Video for speech classes with children.

Song about sand- a song for pronouncing an isolated sound sssss - onomatopoeia: how sand pours ssss. In the future, it can be used to automate the pronunciation of this sound in phrases.

Song about the letter S. Words with the sound C. How to mold the letter C from the letter O?

See you soon!

You can read more about the formation of the correct sound pronunciation in preschool children:

Get NEW FREE AUDIO COURSE WITH GAME APP

"Speech development from 0 to 7 years: what is important to know and what to do. Cheat sheet for parents"

Click on or on the course cover below for free subscription

Difficulties in mastering the sonar sounds "r" and "r'" are often found in preschool children. Along with reading and writing, many parents really want their child to learn how to pronounce this letter correctly before school. Learning to pronounce the letter P without a speech therapist will help special classes on the correct sound pronunciation.

Pronunciation difficulties: why the child does not pronounce "R"

In speech development, the sound "p" is considered one of the most difficult to pronounce, so speech therapists allocate a large time period for its study. So, a two-year-old child cannot yet speak the letter P clearly and clearly. But by the age of 5-6, it is time for productive results in sound pronunciation.

In what case is the pronunciation of R considered incorrect:

• When voicing the word “r”, it falls out of pronunciation (caravan - “ka_avan”);
• In words with the letter “r”, the child changes / swallows the ending;
• The kid in his speech replaces “r” in words with simpler sounds “s”, “l” or “th” (rainbow - “laduga”, tree - “deyevo”, etc.);
• The sound "p" the child pronounces with vibration or guttural, in the French manner.

Note! Incorrect pronunciation is permissible as the child's articular apparatus prepares for mastering the sounds of speech. But when 1.5-2 years of training do not lead to an improvement in speech, there is reason to be wary.

Video assistant: learning to say the sound “R” beautifully:

Body Factors Affecting Difficulty in Pronouncing R

The difficulty of pronouncing the sound “r” can be due to many reasons, including physiological ones, which cannot be ignored.

• Tongue frenulum

An undeveloped frenulum can impede the formation of speech, including interfering with the correct pronunciation of sounds. The child simply cannot reach the upper palate with his tongue and reproduce the sound. The degree of underdevelopment of the frenulum is determined by the speech therapist, he also decides on the need for its correction.

On a note! The frenulum can be developed with the help of speech gymnastics exercises, in extreme cases, surgical intervention is used.

• Sedentary speech apparatus

Weak mobility of the face and organs of speech can be the cause of poor speech quality in a child. His training is necessary to strengthen the facial muscles. Active movements of the mouth (big smile, lips with a tube, etc.), grimaces contribute to the preparation of the articular apparatus for the correct pronunciation of sounds. The better the speech organs are developed, the clearer the speech will be in the baby.

• Incorrect phonemic perception

With this violation, the child incorrectly interprets the word he hears (pipe - “here”, pajamas - “bizyama”, etc.). Mispronounced sounds may seem funny to adults, but by repeating them over and over again, the child runs the risk of distorting them with increasing regularity.

• Disturbed breathing

If air leaks while breathing in the wrong direction, the sounds may not be pronounced correctly by the child. This is especially noticeable in preschoolers, when R is pronounced “on the nose”. The cause (in addition to nasal congestion from a runny nose) may be enlarged adenoids, poor lung performance, problems with the cardiovascular system. In this case, speech breathing is corrected under the supervision of a doctor with the help of exercises that alternate physical and speech load.

Do you need help from a speech pathologist?

It is quite possible to teach your child to pronounce the sound R correctly on their own. But the initial consultation of a speech therapist will not be superfluous. The specialist will help to correctly determine the cause of pronunciation difficulties, as well as offer the best options for the formation of clear and intelligible speech.

How a speech therapist can help a child:

• determine the specific cause of the child's speech disorder;
• study the symptoms and structure of speech disorders;
• will make an individual system of corrective influence on the speech apparatus.

The first visit to a speech therapist usually occurs at the age of 2-3 years, it is provided for in a planned examination before going to kindergarten. Almost always, in conjunction with a consultation with a speech therapist, a neuropathologist examines the child to exclude violations in the development of the brain (dysarthria, dyslalia, bradilalia, etc.).

Learning to say "R": speech gymnastics

Many parents are wondering how to quickly teach a child to say the letter R. At home, the speech apparatus can be developed using simple exercises. At the initial stage of work, speech gymnastics is used. It is she who, in conjunction with the phased production of sounds, will make the baby’s speech clearer.

Speech gymnastics is divided into three groups, each of which is important for the formation of the correct sound pronunciation. Here are a few examples of each type of gymnastics that can be used for difficulties in pronouncing the letter "P".

Breathing exercises

"Birthday". Try to imagine that you have a birthday cake with candles in front of you. Show your parents how you will blow out the candles. Get some air to blow it all out at once. And then try to blow on one of them.

"Snowflake Flight". Put a piece of fluffy cotton wool on your palm and imagine that it is a snowflake. Try blowing it off your hand. It turns out? Try to blow off two pieces at the same time. Inhalation should be through the nose, and exhalation should be smooth, long through the mouth.

Lip exercises

"Fence". Crush your teeth hard. Now open your lips (not your mouth!) and show your white picket fence. Hide it back. Repeat the exercise 5-7 times.

"Proboscis". Try to show what kind of proboscis the elephant has. To do this, stretch your lips forward as much as possible. What a trunk!

"Frog". Stretch your lips in a smile, show how wide the frog's mouth is.

Language exercises

"Needle". A sharp needle can be shown with the tongue. Open your mouth and stretch your narrow tongue forward.

"Horse". Try to show how the horse clicks. Open your mouth, lift and press your tongue to the palate, click it.

"Jam". Imagine that you have sweet jam on your lips. Open your mouth, try to lick your upper and lower lip with your tongue.

"Swing". Open your mouth, make a sharp tongue. Stretch the tongue first high to the nose, then lower it low to the chin. Repeat the exercise in the same sequence: up / down until the tongue gets tired.

We do “Drummer” and other useful exercises, as shown in the video:

Exercises for stretching the frenulum of the tongue

With a short frenulum of the tongue, speech therapists first of all recommend stretching it with massage and articulation exercises. They can be performed in a playful way, and with the proper approach, the bridle will cease to be an obstacle in the pronunciation of the sound “r”. It should be noted that the conservative method of lengthening the frenulum is effective in children under the age of 5 years.

• Reaching for the nose

Reaching the tip of the nose is not a task for everyone, but you can hold a competition to see who can reach the strongest. The tip of the tongue should be pulled up as much as possible. Repeat the exercise 5-7 times a day.

• like a kitten

Has the child seen how kittens lap up milk? Invite your child to try lapping something like a domestic cat. For example, condensed milk on a plate. This is an excellent action for stretching the frenulum.

• Light massage

Massage of the hyoid frenulum in order to stretch it is carried out by an adult. This simple procedure can be carried out at home, after the speech therapist demonstrates the method of stretching the frenulum with a massage. The child opens his mouth and lifts the tip of his tongue up. With clean fingers (thumb and forefinger), the adult gently takes the bridle under the tongue and makes massaging movements. It is permissible to slightly pull the bridle up. Massage to do 2 times a day for 3 minutes.

Consolidation of the sound "P" in the child's speech

Teaching correct pronunciation at home should be done daily for 3-5 repetitions. Babies under 4-5 years old need to show the exercises by example. The child must clearly understand what is required of him and what the result should look like. Children after 5 years old can do some exercises in front of a mirror - according to speech therapists, this is how automation of the “r” sound works best.

• Say the syllables

• Clean tongues

RA-RA-RA (2 times) - I was with the guys yesterday.

Ro-ro-ro (2 times) - lost a rooster feather.

RU-RU-RU (2 times) - the hare hid in a hole.

RE-RE-RE (2 times) - we play in the yard.

UR-UR-UR (2 times) - with Katya we caught chickens.

• Repeat sentences

- The cow has horns.

- Vera and Roma are playing hide and seek.

The tourists lit a fire.

Fedor is chopping wood with an axe.

Ira has red mittens.

The driver will check the engine.

• repeat tongue twisters

– Large grapes grow on Mount Ararat.

- A mouse has a crust in its hole.

Three trumpeters were blowing their trumpets.

“After the dew roses grew.

- In the darkness, crayfish make noise in a fight.

• repeat nursery rhymes

Rowan grew by the river,

And the river flowed - rippled.

middle depth,

There was a fish walking around.

This fish is the fish king,

It's called "minnow".

There is a hill in the yard

Under the hill is a mink.

There is a mole in this mink

Guards the mink.

Yegor walked through the yard,

He carried an ax to mend the fence.

You can also teach the pronunciation of "r" at home with the help of children's literature. For the exercise you will need books with illustrations. Ask the child to name the pictured object, the name of which contains the letter P. These can be: chamomile, cancer, shirt, rocket, robot, drum, brand, steam locomotive, pipe, map, pyramid, etc.

We teach a child to say the sound "R" at home - what to take note of

Exercises for classes with a child are very simple, but, nevertheless, at first they can be difficult. If you decide to practice on your own, be patient and persistent in the process of mastering the pronunciation of the letter R. Remember - even small but regular speech training can bring results.

Here are some helpful tips for learning to pronounce sounds:

• in order not to lose the child's interest in the exercises, practice several sounds in sequence. From simple tasks, move on to more complex ones, sequentially. If one of the tasks is difficult for a child from time to time, offer an alternative;
• use a variety of material to automate and reinforce sound in speech. Alternate in the classroom tongue twisters, poems, pictures with objects, sets of words that contain the sound being worked out;
• for a progressive result, a positive emotional state of the child is important. If the baby is not in the mood to do it for some reason, then do the exercises a little later;
• delivered sounds require constant consolidation in speech. Therefore, it is important to be systematic in conducting classes. Make time for the “problem” sound for at least 20 minutes daily.

The speech of the child is formed during preschool age. You need to follow it from an early age, so that by the first grade the correct pronunciation of letters is fully fixed in the child. But it happens that children of school age have impure speech.

Reasons why a child may not pronounce letters

Wrong pronunciation of letters can be explained by wrong education. If parents, communicating with their child, change their voice, lisp or babble, then the baby gets used to such communication and the incorrect pronunciation of letters is fixed in him.

Therefore, you need to speak with the child in the right and clear language. Immediately stop the slightest flaws in your baby's speech, because with age it will be several times more difficult to correct them.

Wrong attitude to colloquial speech. There is an opinion that the learning of colloquial speech occurs without the intervention of adults. But if the parents do not participate in the process of the formation of the child's speech, then over time the baby's lag in speech development will begin to appear.

Teaching a child to pronounce sounds

There are many different techniques for the correct formulation of the speech of the baby. But many parents do not know how to teach a child to pronounce letters at home, and therefore immediately turn to speech therapists for help. Although often this problem can be solved at home. It is only necessary to correctly approach the organization of classes. Parents should remember that you can not overload the baby, the duration of each lesson should not exceed 15 minutes. If the child shows reluctance to study, postpone classes for a while. By forcing the baby to pronounce letters by force, you can forever discourage him from speaking correctly, and indeed learning in general.

Before each lesson, it is necessary to seat the child, making sure that he sits straight. All distracting objects are removed, the TV is turned off. An excellent option would be classes in front of a mirror so that the child sees not only the articulation of the adult sitting in front of him, but also his own.

Exercises for pronunciation of sounds

Initially, it is recommended to prepare cards on which animals and objects will be depicted, at the beginning, middle or end of which there are problematic letters. It is necessary to observe whether the pronunciation of a complex letter always turns out to be problematic, or in some positions.

• "Rails" (when the tongue should "ride" along the inside of the upper teeth).
• “Silence” (repeat the sound “t-sss” several times, stretching the letter “C”).

As a fixing of the letter, you need to choose pictures or words where the letter “C” is present: sleigh, sieve, belt, sun, light. You can use sentences: Sasha sows seeds or poems:

"It's dark in the forest,

Everyone has been sleeping for a long time.

One owl does not sleep

She sits on a bitch."

2. Letter "Z" is a colleague of "C", only voiced. Therefore, in order to teach a child to pronounce the letter “Z”, you need to pronounce “s” only by raising your voice. Show the baby, by bringing your hand to his neck, how the muscles tense up, making sonorous sounds. We fix the letter with the words: hare, beast, tooth, star, as well as sentences: A bunny in winter is like a small animal.

3. The letter "C" can be mastered by resorting to the Silence exercise, only you need to pronounce not “t-sss”, but “ts-ts-ts”. We fix with the words: heron, chicken, chain, pizza, and sentences: What color is the bird?

4. Pronounce the letter "Sh" you can use a small trick: ask the child to pronounce the letter “c”, and with a spoon, lift the baby’s tongue to the sky. Get the sound "sh". The letter is fixed with the words: awl, whisper, ears, noise; sentences: Our Masha rustles; as well as verses:

"Dear bear,
nice bear,
All plush
Our bear is sewn.

5. The same trick can be done with the letters "z" and "g". Pin the letter "J" you need the words: beetle, hedgehog, toad. And also with suggestions: Zhanna is expecting a book.

6. To master the letter "Ch", ask the baby to say "t-t-t", while pressing the baby's cheeks with your fingers. Then you will hear the coveted "h". And to fix the letter, ask the baby to say the words: tea, turtle, daughter, ball; Suggestions: Clean the siskin bath.

7. The most common problem for parents is the problem of the letters "R" and "L". tricks and exercises to solve this problem are aimed at teaching the child to growl without swallowing difficult letters and without replacing the complex "r" with an easier "l":

"Horse" - together with the child, depict the clatter and clatter of the horse's hooves.

“Toothbrush” - ask your baby to smile widely. Then you need to run your tongue along the inner surface of the upper teeth. Make sure that the child's lower jaw remains motionless.

"Teaser" - the child is invited to tease. To do this, a relaxed tongue protrudes and dangles up and down. Accompanied by a teaser growl.

Special attention in teaching the letters "P" or "L" is given to tongue twisters:

• Grek rode across the river, he sees Grek: there is cancer in the river.
• There is grass in the yard, firewood on the grass: one, two, three, there is firewood.
• The brave man ate thirty-three pies, and all of them with cottage cheese.
• You can't repeat all the tongue twisters.

Secrets to quickly teach a child to pronounce letters

In addition to direct exercises with the child's speech muscles and exercises for teaching a complex letter, it is necessary to pay attention to the development of fine motor skills. Together with your child, sort through the cereals, string the beads on a string, sculpt from plasticine or dough. And most importantly: while working, do not be silent. Tell your child stories, nursery rhymes or tongue twisters.

Another secret is to teach the child to repeat the letter "D" often. By pronouncing this magic letter, the muscles of the tongue are trained, it is correctly positioned in the mouth, and with constant training, the child will learn to pronounce the complex letter “r”.

When should parents "sound the alarm" and contact a speech therapist?

If a child cannot master the pronunciation of sounds for a long time, it is necessary to seek help from a speech therapist. Since there are cases when the inability to pronounce certain letters is explained by the physiological characteristics of the child. So, an incorrect bite can cause burr or lisp. In such situations, the doctor may prescribe special exercises or surgery, depending on the causes of speech difficulties. Also, a speech therapist as a professional can find other causes of poor pronunciation and work with them on a more serious level than parents.