Dynamic cerebrovascular accident treatment. Poor circulation: causes, signs, consequences. Violation of cerebral circulation: symptoms and treatment

They helped me. I came to the clinic with pain in my left shoulder. The pain has lessened. I don't regret coming here. The doctor Elena Arkadievna is attentive, polite, explains everything in an accessible way. I'm not parting!

Salaeva Violetta Kazbekovna, 78 years old

Thanks and congratulations for the Health Workshop! On these holidays, Defender of the Fatherland Day and March 8, I ask you to congratulate everyone and especially the excellent doctor Egorov V.L., wonderful D.E. Vetrova, Alekhintsev S.E., Stepanov E.A. and all the treatment room staff, Alexandra and her entire team. I wish you all good health, always good mood, fulfillment of desires, success in your work and great personal happiness. With gratitude, V.I. Belyaeva

Belyaeva V.I., 72 years old

I suffered from chronic pain for 8 months, in the clinic and hospital they dismissed or made vague diagnoses, despite all the information that I provided ... Viktor Anatolyevich is a doctor who accurately diagnosed my problem in the shortest possible time. The professional skills of such a highly qualified specialist are what I have been critically lacking for a long time. Many thanks to the doctor and all the staff of the clinic!

Maklashin B.

I express my deep gratitude to the attending physician Khislavskaya Elena Vladimirovna! Long and painful trips to the district clinic and the consultation center of the Kalininsky district led to nothing, none of the doctors could make an accurate diagnosis, they didn’t find anything, they just shrugged, and some of them were sent to a psychotherapist. I got worse and worse. As the last hope was this clinic, I got to Elena Vladimirovna. She was so attentive to my problem, correctly diagnosed (Tittze's syndrome), prescribed treatment, and slowly I began to get out. I believe that only her sensitive attitude to the person, the desire to understand gave the result. Since the disease was started, the treatment was for 2 months and then even after discharge, recovery. Yes, it costs money, but taking into account the fact that going through compulsory medical insurance and even paid specialists from other clinics did not bring results, it is definitely worth it. I was returned to a normal life, than it can be measured! I want to say special thanks to the orthopedist Rustam Fanilievich, he did the blockade, very carefully and accurately. I also express my deep gratitude to the masseur Gubernatorov Sergey Nikolaevich, he has golden hands. And to all the staff of the clinic for their friendly and sensitive attitude!

Olga, St. Petersburg

I express my gratitude to the staff of the clinic for the respectful and attentive attitude towards patients. I would like to separately thank such doctors as Soboleva Svetlana Nikolaevna, Kustova Marina Anatolyevna, Akhmadullina Tamara Nurievna, Chernov Andrey Aleksandrovich for their professionalism, kindness of heart and great skill. It is a great happiness that such competent, skillful and talented, caring people work exactly where they are most needed. I wish prosperity and well-being to your clinic and the specialists who work in it.

Kudryavtseva Natalya Pavlovna, 65 years old

She underwent a course of treatment at the "Workshop of Health" and in particular with Stanislav Vladimirovich. I want to express my deep gratitude for the help rendered to me, for the golden hands. A very attentive and sensitive doctor, taking into account my diagnosis (hernias, protrusions, etc.), used soft techniques and after each session my state of health improved and my life got better, I could not wait to see him so that he would alleviate my suffering. Stanislav Vladimirovich thank you very much, I will definitely recommend you to those who need the same help.

Love

She was treated by Lisina E.A. Very satisfied. She saved me from a nervous breakdown, healed me. Problems with the hip joints. She prescribed plasma therapy. I am very grateful to her. All clinic staff are polite and attentive. All medical staff are excellent workers. I am very grateful to all the staff of the Health Workshop. I also thank Alexander Sergeevich Kryukov, who immediately understood my condition and handed me over to E.A. Lisina.

Kharevich Lyudmila Vladimirovna

Doctor Kryukov Alexander Sergeevich. Thank you for your advice and treatment. Very competent, knowledgeable and caring doctor. Thank you!

Pleskovskaya Elena Vyacheslavovna

I would like to sincerely thank the entire team of the Health Workshop at 224B Moskovsky Ave. Absolutely everything: both doctors and administrators are very attentive and professional. I received the treatment that I wanted to receive. I will definitely apply again to maintain my current - very good condition - of the musculoskeletal system. I would especially like to thank the neurologist Lisina E.A., the hirudotherapist Lapin G.V., the chiropractor Daskovsky S.V. and physiotherapist Gvirdzhishvili D.T. It's just a pleasure to meet and work with them. Thank you!

Alekseeva Yana Vladimirovna

I want to thank Stanislav Vladimirovich for his professionalism, humanity and sensitive attention to patients. A huge thank you to this doctor! Stanislav Vladimirovich is simply a super-doctor, if only there were more such knowledgeable doctors.

Larisa Ivleva

Here is my saving circle - "Health Workshop": my legs do not walk, my back hurts, my head is ringing. I accidentally heard about this clinic on the radio and this is the second time I visit it. I enter and find myself in the kingdom of silence, peace and hope, if not cured, then at least improve my condition. Lovely, charming girls-consultants meet you with kind greetings. They patiently listen to your questions, fill out the necessary documents and escort you to the attending physician. During the waiting period, they offer to watch reference videos on TV, drink a cup of coffee or tea. And all fears behind! Thank you, dear friends. Without your well-coordinated work, attentive, friendly attitude towards the patient, there would not have been such an effect from the visit. And here is the first meeting with the doctor. I was lucky and I think others are as well. I met a real magician who, with just one word, gave me the confidence that I needed to be treated. This is Egorov Vladimir Leonidovich. Who in our district polyclinics would talk to a patient for an hour? Nobody! And Vladimir Leonidovich listened to me carefully, explained the essence of the disease - osteoporosis of the spine, and then selected the necessary treatment for the same amount of time. I am grateful to you, dear doctor, I congratulate you on the coming New Year and wish you health and creative success. With the same wonderful doctors, professionals in their field, very kind and attentive, I talked during the procedures. These are Alekhintseva Svetlana Evgenievna, Stepanova Elena Anatolyevna, Akhmadullina Tamara Nurievna, exercise therapy doctor and, of course, chiropractor Rakhmatov Tolmas Turaevich. This is a doctor from God. His warm hands do wonders. Thank you all for your conscientious work and respect for ordinary people. I want to say a special thank you to all the staff of the treatment room. The work of nurses and a nurse cannot be compared with anything in terms of difficulty and responsibility. And how sensitive, attentive and kind they all are... Forgive me, whom I didn't mention in my message. The whole team works just fine. Happy New Year to the entire team of the clinic! I wish you health, personal happiness, creative success, grateful patients.

Kalinova A.V.

Many thanks to Stanislav Daskovsky!!! Professional in his field with a capital letter!!! My entire spine is covered in numerous hernias and protrusions, for many years it was simply painful to walk. I went through six sessions of manual therapy and felt like a completely different person: the sharp pains were gone, my back really straightened up (I didn’t even think that I could bring the shoulder blades together again as in my youth), the lumbar region seemed to have a second wind. Take care of your hands Stanislav, they are not "simple" with you. Sincerely, Alexey Seryogin.

Alexei

I want to say a big thank you to all the employees of the clinic "Health Workshop" for their attentive attitude to patients. I especially want to note my doctor Khislavskaya E.V. and manual therapist Kabailov A.A. I came to the clinic with acute pain in the groin and lower back. After complex treatment I feel much better. Thank you!

Grigoryeva Elena Leonidovna, 62 years old

I thank all the medical staff for their attention, kindness and competence. I am very grateful to everyone.

Khaygonina Lyubov Fedorovna

Violation of cerebral circulation is a pathological process that leads to obstructed blood circulation through the vessels of the brain. Such a violation is fraught with serious consequences, not an exception - a fatal outcome. An acute process can turn into a chronic one. In this case, the risk of development increases significantly, and. All these pathologies lead to death.

In the presence of such a pathological process, you should urgently consult a doctor, treatment with folk remedies or drugs at your own discretion is impossible.

Etiology

Violation of the blood circulation of the brain can provoke almost any pathological process, trauma, and even severe. Clinicians distinguish the following, the most common causes of cerebrovascular accident:

• genetic predisposition;
• head injury;
• previously transferred severe diseases, with damage to the brain, central nervous system and nearby organs;
• increased emotional excitability;
• frequent drops in blood pressure;
• pathology of blood vessels and blood;
• alcohol and nicotine abuse, drug use;

In addition, clinicians note that acute cerebrovascular accident may be due to age. In this case, people aged 50 and older are at risk.

It must be understood that this violation may be due to frequent stress, severe nervous strain, the body.

Classification

In international medical practice, the following classification of cerebrovascular accidents is accepted:

• acute form;
• chronic form.

The pathologies of the chronic form include the following subspecies:

• initial manifestations of insufficiency of blood supply to the brain (NPNMK);
• encephalopathy.

The last subform is divided into the following subspecies:

• hypertonic;
• atherosclerotic;
• mixed.

Acute cerebrovascular accidents (ACC) distinguish the following subspecies:

• transient cerebrovascular accident (TIMC);
• acute hypertensive encephalopathy;
• stroke.

Any of these forms is life-threatening, and at any time can provoke not only a serious complication, but also cause death.

In the chronic form, the stages of development are also distinguished:

• the first - the symptomatology is vague. The state of a person is more indicative of;
• the second - a significant deterioration in memory, social adaptation is lost;
• the third - almost complete degradation of the personality, dementia, impaired coordination of movements.

At the third stage of the development of circulatory disorders, one can speak of an irreversible pathological process. However, the patient's age and general history should also be taken into account. Talking about a complete recovery is inappropriate.

A classification according to morphological changes is also used:

• focal;
• diffuse.

Focal lesions include the following:

• subarachnoid hemorrhages.

Diffuse morphological changes include the following pathological processes:

• small cystic neoplasms;
• small hemorrhages;
• cicatricial changes;
• the formation of small necrotic foci.

It should be understood that a disorder of any form of this pathological process can be fatal, so treatment should be started urgently.

Symptoms

Each form and stage of development has its own signs of cerebrovascular accident. The general clinical picture includes the following symptoms:

• , for no apparent reason;
• , which rarely ends with ;
• decreased visual acuity and hearing;
• impaired coordination of movements.

Transient disorders of cerebral circulation are characterized by the following additional symptoms:

• numbness of half of the body, which is opposite to the focus of pathology;
• weakness of the arms and legs;
• speech disorder - it is difficult for the patient to pronounce individual words or sounds;
• photopsy syndrome - the visibility of luminous dots, dark spots, colored circles and similar visual hallucinations;
• stuffy ears;
• increased sweating.

Since there is such a symptom as impaired speech and weakness in the limbs, the clinical picture is often confused with a stroke. It should be noted that in the case of PNMK, acute symptoms disappear in a day, which is not the case with stroke.

In the first stage of the chronic form, the following symptoms of cerebrovascular accident can be observed:

• frequent headaches;
• drowsiness;
• – a person feels tired even after a long rest;
• sharp, short temper;
• distraction;
• memory impairment, which is manifested in frequent forgetfulness.

During the transition to the second stage of the development of the pathological process, the following can be observed:

• slight disturbances in motor function, a person’s gait may be shaky, as if intoxicated;
• concentration of attention worsens, it is difficult for the patient to perceive information;
• frequent mood swings;
• irritability, attacks of aggression;
• almost constantly dizzy;
• low social adaptation;
• drowsiness;
• almost no functionality.

The third stage of chronic cerebrovascular accident has the following symptoms:

• dementia;
• stiffness of movements;
• speech disorder;
• almost complete loss of memory;
• a person is unable to remember information.

At this stage of development of the pathological process, symptoms of almost complete degradation are observed, a person is not able to exist without outside help. In this case, we can talk about an irreversible pathological process. This is due to the fact that already in the initial stages, brain neurons begin to die, which entails serious consequences if this process is not stopped in a timely manner.

Diagnostics

It is impossible to independently compare symptoms and take treatment at your own discretion, since in this case, there is a high risk of developing complications, including life-threatening ones. At the first symptoms, you should immediately seek emergency medical help.

To clarify the etiology and accurate diagnosis, the doctor prescribes the following laboratory and instrumental examination methods, if the patient's condition allows them:

• general blood analysis;
• lipidogram;
• blood sampling for glucose analysis;
• coagulogram;
• duplex scanning to identify affected vessels;
• neuropsychological testing on the MMSE scale;
• head MRI;

In some cases, the diagnostic program may include genetic studies if there is a suspicion of a hereditary factor.

How to treat this disorder, only a doctor can say after an accurate diagnosis and identification of the etiology.

Treatment

Treatment will depend on the underlying factor - depending on this, basic therapy is selected. In general, drug therapy may include the following drugs:

• sedatives;
• neuroprotectors;
• multivitamins;
• venotonics;
• vasodilators;
• antioxidants.

All drug therapy, regardless of etiology, is aimed at protecting brain neurons from damage. All funds are selected only individually. In the process of undergoing drug therapy, the patient should constantly monitor blood pressure, as there is a high risk of developing a stroke, heart attack.

Cerebral circulation is the blood circulation that occurs in the vascular system of the brain and spinal cord. In a pathological process that causes cerebrovascular accident, the main and cerebral arteries (aorta, brachiocephalic trunk, as well as common, internal and external carotid, vertebral, subclavian, spinal, basilar, radicular arteries and their branches), cerebral and jugular veins, venous sinuses can be affected. By the nature of the pathology of the cerebral vessels is different: thrombosis, embolism, kinks and looping, narrowing of the lumen, aneurysms of the vessels of the brain and spinal cord.

Morphological changes in the brain tissue of patients with cerebral circulation disorders, according to the severity and localization, are determined in accordance with the underlying disease, the mechanisms of development of circulatory disorders, the blood supply pool of the affected vessel, age, and individual characteristics of the patient.

Morphological signs of cerebrovascular accident divided into focal and diffuse. Focal signs include hemorrhagic stroke, cerebral infarction, intrathecal hemorrhages; to diffuse signs - multiple small-focal changes in the substance of the brain, which have a different nature and a different degree of prescription, small fresh and organizing foci of necrosis of the brain tissue, small hemorrhages, gliomesodermal scars, small cysts.

At the time of cerebrovascular accident, subjective sensations without objective neurological symptoms, such as dizziness, headache, paresthesia, etc., may be clinically present; organic microsymptoms without clear symptoms of loss of CNS function; focal disorders of the higher functions of the cerebral cortex - agraphia, aphasia, alexia, etc., violations of the functions of the sense organs; focal symptoms: motor disorders - impaired coordination, paresis or paralysis, hyperkinesis, extrapyramidal disorders, sensitivity disorders, pain; changes in memory, intellect, emotional-volitional sphere; psychopathological symptoms, epileptic seizures.

Cerebral circulation disorders by nature can be divided into initial manifestations of insufficiency of blood supply to the brain, acute disorders of cerebral circulation (strokes, transient disorders, intrathecal hemorrhages) and slowly progressive chronic disorders of cerebral and spinal circulation (dyscirculatory myelopathy and encephalopathy).

The clinical symptoms of the initial manifestations of insufficient blood supply to the brain include symptoms that appear after intense mental and physical work and after being in a stuffy room: dizziness, headache, decreased performance, noise in the head, sleep disturbance. As a rule, such patients do not have focal neurological symptoms or they are represented by scattered microsymptoms. Diagnosis of the initial manifestations of insufficiency of blood supply to the brain consists in identifying objective signs of atherosclerosis, vasomotor dystonia, arterial hypertension and in the exclusion of other somatic pathologies, as well as neurosis.

Acute cerebrovascular accidents include strokes and circulatory disorders in the brain, which are transient.

Such transient disorders of cerebral circulation are manifested in the form of focal and / or cerebral symptoms that last less than a day. Most often, these symptoms are observed in hypertension, atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels, arterial hypertension. There are hypertensive cerebral crises and transient ischemic attacks.

Transient ischemic attacks are characterized by the appearance of focal neurological symptoms against the background of mild ones (disturbance of statics, difficulty in speech, weakness and numbness of the limbs, diplopia, etc.)

Hypertensive cerebral crises, on the contrary, are characterized by a predominance of cerebral symptoms over focal ones, such as dizziness, headache, nausea or vomiting. In some cases, these symptoms may be absent. A case of acute cerebrovascular accident with focal neurological symptoms persisting for more than a day is considered a stroke.

Acute disorders of venous circulation in the brain also include venous hemorrhages, thrombosis of the venous sinuses and cerebral veins.
Chronic disorders of cerebral circulation (myelopathy and dyscirculatory encephalopathy) appear as a result of progressive circulatory failure, which is caused by various vascular diseases.

Dyscirculatory encephalopathy is usually manifested by scattered organic symptoms, combined with headaches, memory impairment, irritability, non-systemic dizziness, etc. There are three stages of dyscirculatory encephalopathy.

the first stage, in addition to mild diffuse persistent organic symptoms (asymmetry of cranial innervation, light oral reflexes, inaccuracies in coordination, etc.), it is characterized by the presence of a syndrome that is similar to the asthenic form of neurasthenia (absent-mindedness, fatigue, memory impairment, difficulty switching from one activity to another, non-systemic dizziness , dull headaches, poor sleep, depressed mood, irritability, tearfulness). In this case, the intellect does not suffer.

Second stage characterized by a progressive deterioration of memory (including in the professional sphere), a decrease in working capacity, a decrease in intelligence, a change in personality, manifested in a narrowing of the range of interests, apathy, the appearance of viscosity of thought, often verbosity, irritability, quarrelsomeness, etc.). Daytime sleepiness is typical with poor sleep at night. More distinct are organic symptoms such as mild dysarthria, changes in muscle tone, tremors, coordination and sensory disorders, bradykinesia, reflexes of oral automatism and other pathological reflexes.

For the third stage of dyscirculatory encephalopathy is characteristic both the aggravation of mental disorders (up to dementia), and the development of neurological syndromes, which are associated with damage to a predominantly certain area of ​​the brain. It can be parkinsonism, pseudobulbar palsy, pyramidal insufficiency, cerebellar ataxia. Often there is a deterioration in the condition, which occurs in a stroke-like manner. At the same time, new focal symptoms and an increase in previously existing signs of cerebrovascular insufficiency appear.

Dyscirculatory myelopathy is also characterized by a progressive course, in which three stages are conventionally distinguished.

The first (compensated) stage is manifested by moderate fatigue of the muscles of the limbs, in more rare cases, weakness of the limbs. Further, in the second (subcompensated) stage, weakness in the limbs progressively increases, there is a violation of sensitivity in the segmental and conduction type and changes in the reflex sphere. In the third stage of dyscirculatory myelopathy, paresis or paralysis, severe sensory disturbances, and pelvic disorders develop.

Focal syndromes in nature depend on the localization of pathological foci along the diameter and length of the spinal cord. Possible clinical syndromes include poliomyelitis, pyramidal, syringomyelic, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, posterocolumnar, transverse spinal cord lesions.
Chronic venous circulatory disorders include venous congestion, which causes venous encephalopathy and venous myelopathy. Venous stasis occurs as a result of compression of extracranial veins in the neck, cardiac or pulmonary heart failure, etc. There may be long-term compensation for obstruction of venous outflow of blood from the cranial cavity and spinal canal; with decompensation, headache, convulsive seizures, cerebellar symptoms, and dysfunction of the cranial nerves may occur. Venous encephalopathy is characterized by a variety of clinical manifestations. There may be hypertensive (pseudotumorous) syndrome, asthenic syndrome, syndrome of disseminated small-focal brain damage. Venous encephalopathy also includes bettolepsy (cough epilepsy), which develops in diseases that lead to venous congestion in the brain. Venous myelopathy, being a particular variant of dyscirculatory myelopathy, does not differ significantly from the latter clinically.

Causes of cerebrovascular disorders

The main cause of cerebral hemorrhage is high blood pressure. With a sharp rise in blood pressure, a vessel rupture can occur, as a result of which blood enters the substance of the brain, an intracerebral hematoma appears.

A rarer cause of hemorrhage is a ruptured aneurysm. As a rule, related to congenital pathology, an arterial aneurysm is a bulge in the form of a sac on the vessel wall. The walls of such a protrusion, unlike the walls of a normal vessel, do not have a sufficiently powerful muscular and elastic frame. Therefore, sometimes a relatively small increase in pressure, which can be observed during physical exertion, emotional stress in quite healthy people, leads to a rupture of the aneurysm wall.

Along with saccular aneurysms, other congenital anomalies of the vascular system may also be present, which pose a threat of sudden hemorrhage. If the aneurysm is located in the walls of the vessels that are on the surface of the brain, the rupture of the aneurysm leads to the development of subarachnoid (subarachnoid), rather than intracerebral hemorrhage. Subarachnoid hemorrhage is located under the arachnoid membrane surrounding the brain. It does not directly lead to the development of focal neurological symptoms (speech disorders, paresis, etc.), but when it occurs, general cerebral symptoms are pronounced, such as a sharp ("dagger") sudden headache, often accompanied by subsequent loss of consciousness.

There are four main vessels: the right and left internal carotid arteries, which supply blood to most of the brain; right and left vertebral arteries, which merge into the main artery and supply blood to the brainstem, occipital lobes of the cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum.
There may be various causes of blockage of the main and cerebral arteries. An inflammatory process on the heart valves, in which infiltrates or a parietal thrombus is formed in the heart, can lead to the fact that the detached pieces of a thrombus or infiltrate can approach the cerebral vessel with a caliber smaller than the size of the piece (embolus) with the blood flow, as a result of which they clog vessel. Also, emboli can be particles of a decaying atherosclerotic plaque located on the walls of the main artery of the head. This is an embolic mechanism for the development of cerebral infarction.

Another, thrombotic mechanism for the development of a heart attack is the gradual development of a blood clot (blood clot) in the place where an atherosclerotic plaque is located on the vessel wall. Atherosclerotic plaque fills the lumen of the vessel. This leads to a slowdown in blood flow and contributes to the development of a blood clot. Due to the uneven surface of the plaque, the adhesion (aggregation) of platelets with other blood elements in this place is improved, which is the main frame of the resulting thrombus. For the formation of a blood clot, usually only local factors are not enough. In addition, the development of thrombosis occurs as a result of a slowdown in blood flow (for this reason, thrombosis of the cerebral vessels, unlike embolisms and hemorrhages, usually develop at night, during sleep), an increase in the aggregation properties of platelets and red blood cells, and an increase in blood clotting.

Everyone knows by experience what blood clotting is. If you accidentally cut your finger, it will bleed. But the bleeding will stop due to the fact that a blood clot (thrombus) appears at the site of the cut.

Blood clotting is a biological factor that contributes to human survival. However, both increased and decreased blood clotting is a threat to our health and even life.

With increased blood clotting, the development of thrombosis is possible, with a reduced one, the appearance of bleeding due to the slightest cuts or bruises. Hemophilia, a disease accompanied by reduced blood clotting and having a hereditary character, was inherent in many members of the reigning families of Europe, including Tsarevich Alexei, the son of the last Russian emperor.

Violation of normal blood flow can occur due to spasm (strong compression) of the vessel, which occurs due to a sharp contraction of the muscle layer of the vascular wall. In the development of cerebrovascular accidents, spasm was of great importance several decades ago. Currently, spasm of cerebral vessels is mainly associated with cerebral infarction, which can develop several days after the onset of subarachnoid hemorrhage.

With a frequent increase in blood pressure, changes can occur in the walls of small vessels that feed the deep structures of the brain. The ongoing changes lead to a narrowing, and often to the closure of these vessels. Sometimes a sharp rise in blood pressure (hypertensive crisis) develops into a small infarction in the circulatory system of the vessel (in the scientific literature, this phenomenon is called "lacunar" infarction).

In some cases, a cerebral infarction develops without complete blockage of the vessel, called a hemodynamic stroke. One can visualize this process with an illustrative example. You are watering the garden with a hose that is clogged with silt. But the power of the electric motor of the pump, lowered into the pond, is enough to obtain a normal stream of water and high-quality watering of your garden. However, with a slight bend in the hose or a deterioration in the operation of the motor, a powerful jet is replaced by a thin stream, which is clearly not enough for good watering of the earth.

The same situation under certain conditions is observed with the blood flow in the brain. In the presence of two factors: a sharp inflection of the lumen of the main or cerebral vessel or its narrowing due to filling atherosclerotic plaque plus a decrease in blood pressure, which occurs due to deterioration (often temporary) of the work of the heart.

The mechanism of transient disorders of cerebral circulation (in other words, transient ischemic attacks) is similar in many respects to the mechanism of development of cerebral infarction. But with transient disorders of cerebral circulation, compensating mechanisms work quickly, and the developed symptoms disappear within a few minutes (hours). However, one should not hope that compensation mechanisms will cope with the violation that has arisen with the same success. Therefore, it is so important to understand the causes of cerebrovascular accident. This allows the development of methods for the prevention of repeated disasters.

Factors contributing to the formation of strokes

• diabetes mellitus, smoking, use of contraceptives;
• high blood pressure, ischemia of the heart muscle, pathology of blood parameters, history of strokes;
• violation of blood flow, microcirculation of peripheral arteries (an increase in the risk of ischemic stroke by 2 times);
• high weight in the presence of atherosclerosis;
• lipid metabolism disorder;
• alcohol abuse;
• immobile lifestyle;
• stressful state.

Consequences of a stroke

One of the main dangers of a stroke is that as a result of this disease, the patient is more likely to become disabled. About 30% of people who have had a stroke cannot do without the help of other people and their care during the year. Throughout the world, stroke is assigned the status of a disease that most often leads to disability. Particularly sad is the fact that stroke is the second most common cause of dementia. Also, a stroke leads to a deterioration in cognitive abilities (attention, memory), reduces working capacity, learning ability, and mental abilities.

Considering the foregoing, when the first signs of cerebrovascular accident are detected, it is necessary to contact a neurologist.

Prevention of disorders of cerebral blood supply

Measures to prevent violations of cerebral blood supply are quite simple. But that is why they are most often neglected.

The following are the main principles to be followed.

• Move more
• Do not smoke
• Do not use drugs
• Control and maintain normal body weight
• Reduce salt intake
• Control glucose levels, as well as the content of triglycerides and lipoproteins in the blood
• Treat existing diseases of the cardiovascular system

Shoshina Vera Nikolaevna

Therapist, education: Northern Medical University. Work experience 10 years.

Articles written

The human brain consists of more than 26 billion nerve cells, which affect not only the intellect, but also the functioning of the whole organism. Violation of cerebral circulation leads to, and hence to failures in all systems. Even a mild form of pathology is a serious risk of disability, and a severe one is death. Let's see why normal cerebral circulation is so important and what can be done to stabilize it.

At each age, problems with the blood supply to the brain carry their own dangers, but they are all equally serious, and if left untreated, the consequences will become irreversible.

In children

In newborns, blood flow in the arteries should be 50% more than in an adult. This is the minimum at which its development will be normal. If the total cerebral blood flow in a child reaches 9-10%, then this condition is critical. The kid will suffer from negative symptoms and seriously lag behind his peers in mental development.

Important! The complexity of the treatment of cerebrovascular accidents in children lies in the fact that the side effects of drugs have a serious impact on the fragile infant body. And the lack of treatment is a high risk of death.

Poor hemodynamics and blood supply in children lead to:

• poor concentration of attention;
• learning difficulties;
• reduced level of intelligence;
• swelling of the brain tissue;
• hydrocephalus;
• epileptic seizures.

In adults

In addition to negative symptoms, adults with poor circulation also have poor mental performance and are at high risk of disability or death. In a special group, people with osteochondrosis, which disrupts the vascular supply system of the brain due to displaced discs or hernias.

An injury or surgery can cause or even a swelling in the neck, which will provoke a lack of oxygen in the organ. Violation of the blood circulation of the brain is dangerous for people of all ages.

In the elderly

Vascular genesis of the brain is a common diagnosis for older people. This is the name of a complex of problems with blood vessels, the cause of which was impaired blood circulation. The risk group includes those older people who have previously been diagnosed with problems with blood, its circulation, or pathologies of the organs responsible for this process.

This also includes core patients or patients with an inflammatory process in the vessels of the body. All this can lead to the impossibility of self-care or death if there is no therapy.

Why does it occur?

The most common cause of impaired blood flow in the brain are pathologies in the blood vessels, which invariably lead to oxygen starvation of the organ. The most common problems are:

• thrombus formation;
• pinching, narrowing or bending of the vessel;
• embolism;
• hypertension.

The latter most often leads to pressure surges in the vessels and provokes their rupture. Sclerosis is no less dangerous for them, the plaques of which eventually form blood clots, worsening their throughput. Even a small focus can affect the general blood flow and lead to a stroke - an acute violation of cerebral circulation. Changes in vascular tone can also cause problems with blood flow.

Often the cause of impaired supply and outflow of blood from the brain is osteochondrosis. A head injury or a constant feeling of fatigue is also a leading cause of circulatory problems.

Types of violations

Doctors divide problems with blood circulation in the brain into:

1. Acute, the development of which is rapid, therefore, his life depends on the speed of providing assistance to the patient. It may be hemorrhagic or. In the first case, the cause of the pathology is a rupture of a blood vessel in the brain, and in the second, hypoxia due to occlusion of the vessel. Sometimes acute damage occurs due to local damage, but vital areas of the brain are not affected. The duration of the symptoms of pathology lasts no more than 24 hours.
2. Chronic, developing for a rather long time and at the initial stage having mild symptoms. After some time, the pathology begins to progress rapidly, which leads to the severity of the clinical picture. Often they are diagnosed mainly in the elderly, which makes therapy difficult due to a number of concomitant diseases of the chronic type in them.

Symptoms of cerebrovascular accident

They can be divided into chronic, acute and in children. The development and clinical presentation of each condition will be different.

• Chronic slowly progressive disorders

With such pathologies of cerebral circulation (HNMK), the symptoms increase gradually with a division into 3 main stages:

1. Minimal severity of fatigue, headaches, vertigo. Sleep is restless, irritability and absent-mindedness increase, the first signs of memory impairment.
2. Cognitive functions are reduced, and manifestations become more pronounced. Remembering even simple things is even more difficult, everything is quickly forgotten, and irritability becomes stronger. The patient's limbs tremble, his gait is unsteady.
3. Musculoskeletal disorders are stronger, speech is incomprehensible and unrelated,.

• Acute violations

More than 65% of stroke victims did not feel the symptoms preceding it, only slight fatigue and general malaise. When a person can have a severe headache, numb limbs, loss of consciousness will occur. A short rest brings everything back to normal, and the person feels good. He does not even have the thought that it was a transistor attack, a cerebral attack or.

The symptoms of a transistor attack pass quickly, but you need to know them:

• slurred speech;
• the strongest;
• vision problems;
• lack of coordination.

It is more difficult to determine a lacunar stroke by eye, because its symptoms are not so pronounced, which makes it even more dangerous, because it can occur in any part of the brain. In the patient:

• speech becomes slightly incoherent;
• hands and chin tremble slightly;
• involuntary movements may occur;
• slight incoordination.

In children

Babies do not have a sucking reflex, the child does not sleep well and cries for no reason. The muscles will be in a reduced or increased tone, possibly strabismus, hydrocephalus and heart problems. Older kids are less active than their healthy peers, they have a weaker development of the psyche and speech, memory.

Diagnostics

All patients who are at risk for existing diseases that lead to problems with cerebral circulation must undergo ultrasound of the vessels of the neck and brain. At the first suspicion of this pathology, this study will also be prescribed.

The results of the MRI are more complete and allow you to identify even the smallest foci of emerging or existing problems that provoked oxygen starvation. Laboratory blood tests are prescribed according to indications and depending on concomitant diseases.

Treatment

It does not matter what problem was diagnosed, vertebro-balizar plan, diffuse or microcircular, the appropriate pathology will be prescribed therapy. Chronic disorders of the venous or vascular plan from blood clots, high blood pressure and cholesterol. In case of an acute attack, urgent medical care will be provided. If this:

• stroke - stabilization of respiratory function, blood flow, lowering blood pressure;
• - elimination of puffiness, measures to restore the functions of the body.

In addition, manifestations of negative symptoms will be removed, so when numbness is prescribed, massage, some folk remedies, diet and at the recovery stage to increase the elasticity of blood vessels.

Rehabilitation

It consists of 3 stages:

1. Convalescence, which is designed to restore both biological and mental problems in the body.
2. Readaptation - to allow a person to adapt to the usual way of life.
3. Resocialization - adaptation to society.

The first stage of rehabilitation is carried out in a clinic or under the supervision of qualified personnel at home. For the second and third, it is necessary for the patient to stay in special institutions, such as sanatoriums, dispensaries and dispensaries.

Complications

Problems with blood flow in the brain can result in:

• thrombus formation, which will provoke;
• rupture of the vessel, as a result of hemorrhage;
• swelling of the organ.

Any of these options for the development of pathology, even with timely assistance, is a high risk of disability and even death. The latter most often occurs with global lesions or lack of medical assistance during an attack.

Preventive actions

Any disease is always easier to prevent than to cure. Therefore, in order to avoid problems with cerebral circulation, you must adhere to the following medical recommendations:

1. Sedentary work and physical activity should be balanced, without distortions in any direction.
2. Maximum positive emotions, minimize stress and depressive manifestations. The state of increased nervousness negatively affects the nervous system and brain function.
3. A clear sleep schedule so that the body gets proper rest and is ready for the stresses of the working day.
4. Be outdoors more often. It is better to walk in the park, forest. Hiking perfectly strengthens the body, especially in the fresh, clean air.
5. Make the diet complete and balanced, eat in small portions at a strictly allotted time. Do not overload the body even with healthy food. Make it a rule to have several fasting days a week. But not hard and hungry, but give preference to baked apples, prunes, cheese.
6. Monitor the body's water balance and drink the daily measure of fluid prescribed for it, which must be calculated using a special formula, focusing on your weight. But you do not need to drink through force, everything in moderation and without violence against yourself. At the same time, give up tea and coffee, preferring pure mineral water, preferably without gases. The usual diet should be formed with a predominance of greens, cabbage, tomatoes, carrots, boiled lean meat and fish. Soups to cook on the water. Those with a sweet tooth should give preference to healthy treats from proper nutrition, and even they should be eaten no more than 100 grams per day.
7. Regularly undergo medical examinations so that the pathology can be detected at an early stage.

The content of the article

To transient cerebrovascular accident (TICI) it is customary to attribute such disorders of cerebral hemodynamics, which are characterized by the suddenness and short duration of dyscirculatory disorders in the brain and are expressed by cerebral and focal symptoms. According to WHO recommendations, transient cerebrovascular accidents include those cases of the disease when all focal symptoms disappear within 24 hours. If they last more than a day, then such disorders should be regarded as a cerebral stroke.
PNMK are described under various names: dynamic cerebrovascular accident, transient ischemic attacks, angiospasm of cerebral vessels, pre-stroke state. Transient disorders of cerebral circulation, in addition to transient cerebral ischemia, also include a hypertensive crisis, which is expressed in both focal and cerebral symptoms.
CIMC is one of the most common forms of cerebrovascular accident. With this disease, patients are mostly observed in the clinic, and only those with the most severe disorder in terms of severity and duration are hospitalized in hospitals. Sometimes transient disorders of cerebral circulation are slightly pronounced, and patients do not go to the doctor.

Etiology of transient disorders of cerebral circulation

Pathogenesis of transient cerebrovascular accidents

Clinic of transient disorders of cerebral circulation

The course of transient cerebrovascular accidents

Diagnosis of transient disorders of cerebral circulation

Treatment and prevention of transient disorders of cerebral circulation

Hypertensive encephalopathy