Society is a dynamic system of arguments. Signs of society as a dynamic system

Section 1. Social science. Society. Man - 18 hours.

Topic 1. Social science as a body of knowledge about society - 2 hours.

General definition of the concept of society. The essence of society. Characteristics of social relations. Human society (man) and the animal world (animal): distinctive characteristics. The main social phenomena of human life: communication, knowledge, work. Society as a complex dynamic system.

General definition of the concept of society.

In a broad sense society - it is a part of the material world isolated from nature, but closely connected with it, which consists of individuals with will and consciousness, and includes ways of interacting people and forms of their unification.

In the narrow sense society can be understood as a certain group of people united for communication and joint performance of any activity, as well as a specific stage in the historical development of a people or country.

The Essence of Society is that in the course of his life, each person interacts with other people. Such diverse forms of human interaction, as well as connections that arise between different social groups (or within them), are commonly called public relations.

Characteristics of social relations.

All social relations can be conditionally divided into three large groups:

1. interpersonal (socio-psychological), by which is understood relationships between individuals. At the same time, individuals, as a rule, belong to different social strata, have different cultural and educational levels, but they are united by common needs and interests in the sphere of leisure or everyday life. The well-known sociologist Pitirim Sorokin identified the following types interpersonal interaction:

a) between two individuals (husband and wife, teacher and student, two comrades);

b) between three individuals (father, mother, child);

c) between four, five or more people (the singer and his listeners);

d) between many and many people (members of an unorganized crowd).

Interpersonal relations arise and are realized in society and are social relations even if they are in the nature of purely individual communication. They act as a personified form of social relations.

2. material (socio-economic), which arise and take shape directly in the course of a person's practical activity, outside the consciousness of a person and independently of him. They are divided into production, environmental and office relations.

3. spiritual (or ideal), which are formed, preliminary “passing through the consciousness” of people, are determined by their values that are significant for them. They are divided into moral, political, legal, artistic, philosophical and religious social relations.

The main social phenomena of human life:

1. Communication (mostly emotions are involved, pleasant / unpleasant, I want);

2. Cognition (mostly intellect involved, true/false, I can);

3. Labor (mainly the will is involved, it is necessary / not necessary, must).

Human society (man) and the animal world (animal): distinctive characteristics.

1. Consciousness and self-consciousness. 2. Word (2nd signal system). 3. Religion.

Society as a complex dynamic system.

In philosophical science, society is characterized as a dynamic self-developing system, that is, such a system that is capable of seriously changing, at the same time retaining its essence and qualitative certainty. The system is understood as a complex of interacting elements. In turn, an element is some further indecomposable component of the system that is directly involved in its creation.

To analyze complex systems, like the one that society represents, scientists have developed the concept of "subsystem". Subsystems are called "intermediate" complexes, more complex than the elements, but less complex than the system itself.

1) economic, the elements of which are material production and relations that arise between people in the process of production of material goods, their exchange and distribution;

2) socio-political, consisting of such structural formations as classes, social strata, nations, taken in their relationship and interaction with each other, manifested in such phenomena as politics, the state, law, their correlation and functioning;

3) spiritual, covering various forms and levels of social consciousness, which, being embodied in the real process of the life of society, form what is commonly called spiritual culture.

"Society as a dynamic system".

Option 1.

BUT. 1. Highlighting the main elements of society, their relationship and interaction, scientists characterize society as

1)system

2) part of nature

3) material world

4) civilization

2. Society in the understanding of scientists is:

2) ways of interaction and forms of bringing people together

3) part of wildlife, subject to its laws

4) the material world as a whole

3. Are the following judgments about society correct?

A. Society is a system consisting of interrelated and interacting elements.

B. Society is a dynamic system in which new elements and connections between them constantly arise and old elements die off.

1) only A is true

2) only B is true

3) both statements are correct

4) both judgments are wrong

4. Unlike nature, society

1) is a system 3) acts as a creator of culture

2) is in development 4) develops according to its own laws

5. The emergence of private ownership of the means of production has led to increased stratification of society. The connection of what aspects of the life of society was manifested in this phenomenon?

1)production, distribution, consumption and spiritual sphere

2)economics and politics

3) economics and social relations

4) economy and culture

6. Which of the following refers to the global problems of our time?

1) the formation of a socially oriented economy

2) the revival of cultural and moral values

3) the gap in the level of development between the regions of the planet

4) development of international cooperation

7. Are the following judgments about society true?

A. Among the subsystems and elements of society are social institutions.

B. Not all elements of social life are subject to change.

1) only A is true

2) only B is true

3) both statements are correct

4) both judgments are wrong

8. Which of the above features characterizes an industrial society?

1) the leading role of agriculture 3) a weak level of division of labor

2) the predominance of industry 4) the decisive importance of the service sector in the economy

9. Which of the features is inherent in a traditional society?

1) intensive development of infrastructure 3) the predominance of the patriarchal type of family

2) computerization of industry 4) the secular nature of culture

10. The transition to a post-industrial society is characterized by

1) the formation of a market economy 3) the development of mass media

2) restriction of social mobility 4) organization of factory production

11. A characteristic feature of Western civilization is:

1) low social mobility

2) long-term preservation of traditional legal norms

3) active introduction of new technologies

4) weakness and underdevelopment of democratic values

12. Are the following judgments about the process of globalization correct?

A. All global processes are the result of increased international contacts.

B. The development of mass communication makes the modern world whole.

1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are true 4) both judgments are wrong

13. Country A. with a population of 25 million people is located in the Northern Hemisphere. What additional information will make it possible to judge whether A. belongs to post-industrial societies?

1) The country has a multi-confessional composition of the population.

2) The country has an extensive network of rail transport.

3) Society is managed by means of computer networks.

4) Traditional family values are promoted in the media.

14. A characteristic feature of evolution as a form of social development is:

1) the revolutionary nature of change 3) violent methods

2) spasmodic 4) gradual

Q. 1 Read the text below with a number of words missing.

Western civilization is called ____(1). The production that has developed in the European region _____ (2) required the utmost exertion of the physical and intellectual forces of society, the constant improvement of tools and methods of influencing nature. In this regard, a new system of values has been formed: active creative, ______ (3) human activity is coming to the fore.

Unconditional value has acquired _______ (4) knowledge that expands the intellectual powers of a person, his inventive capabilities. Western civilization has put forward _____(5) individuals and ______(6) property as the most important values. The main regulator of social relations are _____ (7).

Choose from the proposed list of words to be inserted in place of spaces.

a) private

b) collective

c) legal norms

d) industrial

e) adaptable

g) scientific

h) transforming

i) freedom

j) religious

2. Find in the list the features of society as a dynamic system and circle the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) isolation from nature

2) lack of interconnection of subsystems and public institutions

3) the ability for self-organization and self-development

4) isolation from the material world

5) constant change

6) the possibility of degradation of individual elements

C1. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "civilization"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about civilization.

C2. Explain the advantages of the formational approach using three examples.

C3. Read the text and do the tasks for it.

Gaining more and more strength, civilization often showed a clear tendency to impose ideas with the help of missionary activities or direct violence coming from religious, in particular Christian, traditions ... So civilization steadily spread across the planet, using all possible ways and means for this - migration, colonization, conquest, trade, industrial development, financial control and cultural influence. Little by little, all countries and peoples began to live according to its laws or created them according to the pattern established by it ...

The development of civilization, however, was accompanied by the flourishing of bright hopes and illusions that could not come true... At the heart of her philosophy and her actions was always elitism. And the Earth, no matter how generous it is, is still not able to accommodate an ever-growing population and satisfy its new and new needs, desires and whims. That is why a new, deeper split has now emerged - between super-developed and underdeveloped countries. But even this rebellion of the world proletariat, which seeks to join the wealth of its more prosperous brethren, takes place within the framework of the same dominant civilization ... It is unlikely that it will be able to withstand this new test, especially now, when its own organism is torn apart by numerous ailments. NTR, on the other hand, is becoming more and more obstinate, and it is becoming more and more difficult to pacify it. Having endowed us with unprecedented strength and instilled a taste for a level of life that we did not even think about, NTR sometimes does not give us the wisdom to keep our abilities and demands under control. And it is time for our generation, finally, to understand that now it depends only on us ... the fate of not individual countries and regions, but of all mankind as a whole.

A. Peccei

1) What global problems of modern society does the author highlight? List two or three issues.

2) What does the author mean when he says: “Having endowed us with unprecedented strength and instilled a taste for a level of life that we did not even think about, the scientific and technological revolution does not sometimes give us the wisdom to keep our abilities and demands under control”? Make two guesses.

3) Illustrate with examples (at least three) the author's statement: "The development of civilization ... was accompanied by the flowering of bright hopes and illusions that could not be realized."

4) Is it possible, in your opinion, to overcome the contrast between rich and poor countries in the foreseeable future. Justify the answer.

C4 * Society is a set of stones that would collapse if one did not support the other ”(Seneca)

Sociology is becoming an increasingly popular science, as is the section of social science studied at school. What's the secret? Of course, in the fact that society is becoming more and more modern and developing sciences related to information technology, they have gone far ahead, but this does not negate the value of the humanities.

Society

What do we mean when we say the word "society"? There are so many values that you can write a whole dictionary. Most often, we call society the totality of people who surround us. However, there are also narrower meanings of this concept. For example, speaking about the stages of development of all mankind, we call the slave-owning society, emphasizing the type of system that existed at that time. Nationality is also expressed through this concept. Therefore, they talk about English society, noting its sophistication and stiffness. In addition, you can express and class affiliation. So, the noble society in the last century was considered the most prestigious. The goals of a group of people are expressed through this concept very clearly. Society for the Protection of Animals reflects a set of like-minded people.

What characterizes society as a dynamic system? And what is society? In a broader sense, society can be called the whole of humanity. In this case, it should be emphasized that this concept must necessarily combine the aspect of connection with nature and people with each other.

signs of society

What characterizes society as a dynamic system? This question is legitimate. And it arises because it is connected with the next aspect in the study of social science. To begin with, it is worth understanding what the term "system" means. This is something complex, denoting a collection of elements. They are simultaneously united and interact with each other.

Society is a very complex system. Why? It's all about the number of parts and the connections between them. Structural divisions play a primary role here. The system in society is open, as it interacts with what surrounds it, without any visible interference. Society is material because it exists in reality. And finally, society is dynamic. Society as a dynamic system is characterized by the presence of changes.

Elements

As mentioned above, society is complex and consists of various elements. The latter can be combined into subsystems. In the life of society, they can be distinguished not one, but four. If the sign of variability distinguishes, then the subsystems are equivalent to the spheres of life. The economic side primarily reflects the distribution, production and consumption of goods. responsible for communications between citizens and the state, the organization of parties and their interaction. The spiritual is connected with religious and cultural changes, the creation of new art objects. And the social one is responsible for the relationship between classes, nations and estates, as well as citizens of different ages and professions.

social institution

Society as a dynamic system is characterized by its development. In addition, institutions play an important role in this. exist in all spheres of life, characterizing this or that side of it. For example, the very first "point" of a child's socialization is the family, a cell that transforms his inclinations and helps him live in society. Then a school stands out, where the child learns not only to understand the sciences and develop skills, but also learns to interact with other people. The highest step in the hierarchy of institutions will be occupied by the state as the guarantor of the rights of citizens and the largest system.

Factors

What characterizes society as a dynamic system? If this is a change, what kind? First of all, quality. If a society becomes more complex in nature, it means that it is developing. It can be in different cases. The factors that influence this are also of two kinds. Natural reflects the changes that have occurred due to a change in climate, geographical location, a catastrophe of a corresponding nature and scale. The social factor emphasizes that the changes have occurred through the fault of people and the society in which they are members. Change is not necessarily positive.

Ways of development

Answering the question of what characterizes society as a dynamic system, we pointed to its development. How exactly does it happen? There are two ways. The first is called evolutionary. It means that changes do not occur immediately, but over time, sometimes for a very long time. Gradually society is changing. This path is natural, as the process is due to a number of reasons. The other way is revolutionary. It is considered subjective because it happens suddenly. Not always the knowledge used for the action of revolutionary development is correct. But its speed clearly exceeds evolution.

News and Society

What characterizes society as a dynamic system? Question Basics

June 26, 2014

Sociology is becoming an increasingly popular science, as is the section of social science studied at school. What's the secret? Of course, in the fact that society is becoming more modern and developing sciences related to the social sphere. Information technology has gone far ahead, but this does not negate the value of the humanities.

Society

signs of society

Elements

As mentioned above, society is complex and consists of various elements. The latter can be combined into subsystems. In the life of society, they can be distinguished not one, but four. If society as a dynamic system is distinguished by a sign of variability, then subsystems are equivalent to spheres of life. The economic side primarily reflects the distribution, production and consumption of goods. The political sphere is responsible for the relations between citizens and the state, the organization of parties and their interaction. The spiritual is connected with religious and cultural changes, the creation of new art objects. And the social one is responsible for the relationship between classes, nations and estates, as well as citizens of different ages and professions.

social institution

Society as a dynamic system is characterized by its development. In addition, institutions play an important role in this. Social institutions exist in all spheres of life, characterizing one or another side of it. For example, the very first "point" of a child's socialization is the family, a cell that transforms his inclinations and helps him live in society. Then a school stands out, where the child learns not only to understand the sciences and develop skills, but also learns to interact with other people. The highest step in the hierarchy of institutions will be occupied by the state as the guarantor of the rights of citizens and the largest system.

Factors

Ways of development

To help the graduate: "Preparation for the exam in social studies."

Social science is one of the most chosen subjects by school graduates, because. he is profiling in many Russian universities. In order to successfully pass the exam in social studies, not only knowledge is required, but also the ability to apply them in practice (solution of test tasks).

Without the completed part C, there can be no high score. Complete correct performance of the tasks of part 3 (C) is estimated from 2 to 5 points, C1, C2, C5 - 2 points each, tasks C3, C4, C6, C7, C8 - 3 points each, tasks C9 - 5 points, in total for the part C - 26 points.

To help those guys who decided to take social studies this year, the same type of tasks of part C were selected.

Task C5 - task of an increased level to enumerate signs, phenomena or to use a concept in a given context. There are two models of this task:

The first model assumes the enumeration of a certain number of given elements (properties, manifestations, etc.);

The second model involves the definition of a concept and the compilation of two informative sentences with it, reflecting certain theoretical or actual social science data.

Part C5 assignments

C5. one. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "scientific knowledge"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about scientific knowledge.

C5.2. List any three features that characterize a society as an open dynamic system.

C5.3. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "school education"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about school education.

C5.4. What meaning do social scientists invest in the concept of "economic resources"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about economic resources.

C5.5. Name three features of a presidential republic that distinguish it from a parliamentary republic.

C5.6. Name any three functions of politics in a state.

C5.7. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "political behavior"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about political behavior.

C5.8. Give three reasons for grouping people together.

C5.9. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "socialization of the individual"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about the socialization of the individual.

C5.10. What meaning do lawyers invest in the concept of "civil marriage"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about civil marriage.

C5.11. Scientists have determined that the voter's choice during voting is determined by a significant number of factors. List any three factors that influence a voter's decision.

C5.12. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "labor market"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about the labor market.

C5.13. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "social group"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about social groups in society.

C5.14. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "world religions"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about world religions.

C5.15. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "political elite"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about the political elite.

C5.16. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "citizenship"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about citizenship.

C5. 17. It is known that many democratic countries are faced with the problem of low voter turnout. Some countries impose special sanctions (such as fines) on such voters, others consider turnout to be a right of the voter, which he may not enjoy. Suggest what could be the reasons for low voter turnout? Name three reasons.

C5.18. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "social control"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about social control.

C5.19. Form four judgments that reveal the various functions of political parties in modern society.

C5.20. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "education"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about education.

C5.21. Name three functions of modern science.

C5.22. What is the limitation of economic resources? Give at least three sentences.

C5. 23. Name three historical types of society.

C5. 24. Name any three human needs.

C5. 25. Name any three global problems of our time.

C5.26. Name three public institutions that contribute to the socialization of the individual.

C5. 27. What meaning do social scientists invest in the concept of "dialogue of cultures"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about the dialogue of cultures

C5. 28. List any three reasons why people join groups.

C5. 29 . Name three property rights of spouses.

C5. thirty. List any three conditions that promote economic freedom in a market economy.

C5. 31. Name any three factors of socialization of the individual.

C5. 32 . List any three features that characterize education as a social institution

C5.33. List any three functions of government that are characteristic of a democratic state.

C5.34. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "political party"? Drawing on knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about a political party.

C5.35. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "social group"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about social groups in society.

C5.36. What meaning do social scientists invest in the concept of "world religions"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about world religions.

C5.37. Name two reasons for the emergence of global problems of our time.

C5.38. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "civilization"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about civilization.

C5.39. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "international division of labor"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about the international division of labor.

C5.40. Name any three types of worldview.

C5.41.What meaning do social scientists invest in the concept of "personality"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about the personality of a person.

C5.42. Name three subjects of the economic system that benefit from unexpected inflation.

C5.43. Name any three factors that increase the supply of goods.

C5.44..What meaning do social scientists invest in the concept of "counterculture"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make up two sentences containing information about the counterculture.

C5.45. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "social relations"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about social relations.

C5.46. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "cognition". Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about cognition.

C5.47. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "producer"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about the manufacturer.

C5.48. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "revolution"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about the revolution.

C5.49. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "unemployment"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make up two sentences containing information about unemployment.

C5.50. What meaning do social scientists invest in the concept of "political ideology"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about political ideology.

ANSWERS to tasks С5.

one). “Scientific knowledge is knowledge acquired through special methods in science.”

Offers:

Scientific knowledge includes a hypothesis.

One of the methods of revealing scientific knowledge is an experiment.

Communication of society with nature;

The presence of subsystems;

The relationship of parts and elements of the social structure;

Constant changes in society.

C5.3."School education is a stage of the educational system of the state, covering children and adolescents aged 7-17 years"

Offers:

School education is the most important stage in the socialization of the individual.

One of the tasks of school education is to prepare the younger generation for work (entry to higher educational institutions).

C5.4.“Economic resources are those factors by which services and goods are created in the process of production.”

Offers:

Most economic resources are limited.

One of the most important economic resources is labor.

C5.5.- strict separation of the legislative power from the executive;

Exclusion of combinations of government posts and seats of deputies in parliament;

The president is elected in elections, separate from the parliamentary ones;

Executive power is less dependent on the will of the deputies of parliament.

C5.6.- ensuring the stability of the state;

Mobilization;

managerial;

Humanitarian.

C5.7."Political behavior is the actions of a person that characterize his interaction with political institutions."

Offers:

The political behavior of the individual is explained by his value attitudes.

One form of political behavior is participation in demonstrations and rallies.

C5.8.- groups satisfy the needs of a person in social belonging;

In a group, a person satisfies one or another interest;

In a group, a person performs those activities that he cannot carry out alone;

A person belongs to one or another interest group;

A person belongs to a certain group by age, gender, social status.

C5.9."The socialization of the individual is the assimilation of the basic knowledge accumulated by society and the norms of social life."

Offers:

The family is the primary socialization institution.

The socialization of the individual helps her to adapt to the conditions of social life.

C5.10.« A civil marriage is a marriage legally registered with the registry office.

Offers:

Only civil marriage generates legal relations between spouses.

Along with civil marriage, fictitious, church marriages are distinguished.

C5.11.- the level of income and education of the voter;

Influence of the social sphere;

Media position;

National, religious factors.

C5.12.“The labor market is a set of economic and legal procedures that allow people to exchange their labor services for money and other material goods.

Offers:

- The labor market is characterized by mobility.

The labor market reflects the structure and general state of the economy of the region and the country as a whole.

C5.13.“A social group is a set of people who have some common significant social attribute” or “A social group is any set of people identified according to socially significant criteria.”

Offers:

Social groups are subdivided by number, character, age, sex.

In social groups, a person can realize himself as a person.

In social groups, a person realizes his interests.

C5.14. concept: "World religions are a group of religions that are widespread in all regions of the Earth, addressed to all people, regardless of ethnicity and political affiliation, by the largest number of believers."

Two suggestions:

Islam is the youngest of the world religions.

- "World religions include Buddhism, Christianity, Islam."

- "One of the very first world religions was Buddhism, which arose in ancient India."

C5.15."The political elite is a group of people occupying the highest positions in the political hierarchy" or "The political elite is a relatively small social group that concentrates a significant amount of political power in their hands."

Offers:

The political elite constitutes a minority of society, possessing the qualities of leadership.

The political elite is updated in the process of the election campaign.

C5. 16."Citizenship is a stable legal relationship of a person with the state" or "Citizenship is a person's belonging to any state."

Offers:

Citizenship can be acquired by a person from birth.

Citizenship is not only belonging to the state, but also the mutual obligations of a person and the state to which he belongs.

Low activity may be associated with political stability in society;

Voters do not trust the authorities;

People are busy with their lives, there is no interest in politics;

Crisis phenomena in society, the inability of the authorities to find a way out.

Society is a dynamic system of arguments. Signs of society as a dynamic system

"Society as a dynamic system".

Society

signs of society

Elements

social institution

Factors

Ways of development

What characterizes society as a dynamic system? Question Basics

Society

signs of society

Related videos

Elements

social institution

Factors

Ways of development