Lfk what exercises. Methodology and dosage of physical exercises in exercise therapy. The positive aspects of exercise therapy

Physiotherapy exercises (abbreviated exercise therapy) is an independent discipline in the field of medicine, which uses physical activity to treat diseases, recover from injuries, for prevention, with exacerbations of diseases, to improve working capacity. A set of exercises helps to stimulate vital function.

Essential element

Physiotherapy is included in the treatment of many diseases associated with the respiratory, circulatory, musculoskeletal systems. Together with exercise therapy, other types of treatment are prescribed: surgical, conservative, medication, special diet, physiotherapy. It is important that a set of physical therapy exercises, like everything else, is prescribed individually for each patient, taking into account all the components of the disease. It is strictly forbidden to self-medicate, even with the most minor diseases, as this can lead to serious consequences.

How full-scale treatment will be depends directly on the type of disease, its degree, and the body's ability to recover. The exercise therapy complex acts not only on diseased organs, organ systems and tissues, but on the whole organism. The benefit of physical education is that it affects the entire body, makes it function properly, improving the functioning of not only diseased organs, but also being the prevention of many other related pathologies.

Physiotherapy exercises require a conscious approach on the part of the patient: he must perform all the actions prescribed by the doctor - otherwise there will be no proper effect. In addition to a general improvement in health, discipline and responsibility increase, which is also a positive criterion for exercise therapy. In terms of content, such exercises are part of the usual system of physical education. They use the same principle as the usual sports load: a comprehensive wellness orientation.

Mechanism of influence

Therapeutic exercise, which is suitable for diseases of the back (with curvature of the spine, with impaired posture, with osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, etc.), is based on the effect on the muscles of the musculoskeletal system.

Back diseases are caused by a sedentary lifestyle, which causes the muscle corset to become soft and unable to properly hold the spine. This leads to a violation of posture (especially in children), osteochondrosis (including the cervical spine - it is most often affected), scoliosis, intervertebral hernia, and many others.

Related areas

During gymnastics, the cardiovascular system improves the blood supply to the muscles, which at the same time has a preventive effect on the diseases of this group. It is also useful for metabolic disorders, as it helps to reduce the amount of cholesterol, delays the development of obesity. A properly selected set of physical therapy exercises can improve the tone of the vagus nerve, the production of certain hormones that affect the increase in pressure decreases. As a result, the pressure and pulse stabilize, return to normal.

Therapeutic exercise improves the adaptive capabilities of the body and increases the level of resistance to stress due to the production of certain hormones, improves the overall emotional background.

Thus, the exercise therapy complex is suitable as a health program aimed at treating diseases of the back, neck, in violation of posture and curvature of the spine, and in order to prevent all related diseases.

Indications and contraindications

Exercise therapy is prescribed for violation of posture to correct it (especially for children). They also prescribe special exercise therapy after spinal surgery, with intervertebral hernia, with osteochondrosis of the cervical spine, with scoliosis and many other diseases of the back and musculoskeletal system.

No back disease can do without special physiotherapy exercises, which are prescribed by a doctor. It is strictly forbidden to prescribe any complex on your own for any of the pathologies of any severity, you can not prescribe anything for children.

In case of violation of posture, curvature of the spine, neck disease (in particular, scoliosis of the cervical spine) and numerous other pathologies, self-medication can only aggravate the course of the disease.

For example, scoliosis of the cervical spine can develop from 1 degree to 2 or even 3 and it will be extremely problematic to fix something: the muscular corset will be formed in such a way as to fix the curvature of the neck. Similarly, in case of violation of posture (especially in children in the active period of growth and formation). Only a preventive complex of exercise therapy is allowed, which is aimed at preventing the development of diseases of the back and the musculoskeletal system.

Common gymnastics

The most common neck disease is osteochondrosis of the cervical spine and postural disorders (especially in children), so it is their prevention that needs to be given special attention. A set of physical therapy exercises consists of a mandatory warm-up and the exercises themselves, aimed at different parts of the back and neck.

On the floor

Therapeutic exercises for the neck (for the cervical spine), which is performed lying down, are as follows:

Lying on your back, you need to put one hand on your stomach, the other on your chest. Try to breathe slowly into your belly. The body must be completely relaxed. Performed 10 times several times a day.
The following exercise is especially good for the neck and is recommended for diseases of the cervical spine. You need to roll over on your stomach and slowly raise your head and torso, while resting your hands on the floor. Hold in an arched position for about 1 minute, and then relax. It is important that the shoulders are even - this is good for posture. Repeated 3 times a day.

sitting

Therapeutic exercise for the prevention of the cervical spine is also performed in a sitting position. It consists of the following exercises:

As you exhale, bend over so that your chin rests on your chest as much as possible. While inhaling, throw your head as far back as possible (carefully, you should not rush). In this case, there should be no pain in the neck. Repeat 10 times, 4 times during the day.
If there is a slight pain in the neck, then you can gently rotate your head. It is important to do this symmetrically, in both directions.
Hang your head on your chest and with maximum force on the exhale rest your forehead on your palms. Release the pressure as you inhale. Repeat 6 times, 4 times during the day.

A complex of physiotherapy exercises for the neck (cervical spine) helps to get rid of problems not only with the musculoskeletal system, but also with the circulatory and nervous systems.

Exercises for a flat back

There is a complex of preventive therapeutic exercises aimed at straightening posture. This complex also does not allow curvature of posture and stoop.

Therapeutic exercise is as follows:

Raise the right leg bent at the knee. Stretch your arms along the body. Jump up and change the supporting leg. Repeat 15 times, several times during the day.
Standing on one leg, raise the second, bent at the knee, and draw circles with it. Then change legs. Repeat 10 times.

Just in moderation

Therapeutic exercise has a wonderful effect on the body. It does not allow the development of pathologies and is recommended to everyone, it has no clinical contraindications. A set of physical therapy exercises is prescribed to patients along with medication and other treatment. However, it is important to remember that with all the positive criteria of this method, in no case should you self-medicate without the supervision of a doctor.

COMPLEX OF EXERCISES FOR DISEASES

OF CARDIO-VASCULAR SYSTEM

I.p. - main stand. Feet together, arms down.

On inspiration, the right hand forward - up;

As you exhale, lower your hand. The pace is average. Repeat 2-3 times with each hand.

I.p. - stand legs apart, hands on the belt.

Rise on your toes, take your hands back, stick out the abdominal wall - inhale, lower yourself on your feet, bring your elbows forward, pull in the abdominal wall - exhale.

Repeat 4-6 times.

I.p. - lying on your back, arms bent at the elbows and resting on them.

Bend your fingers and toes at the same time, then straighten.

Repeat 6-7 times. The pace is slow. Breathing is free.

I.p. - the same, arms along the body. Slide your palms along the body up to the armpits - inhale, return to the starting position - exhale. Repeat 4 times. The pace is slow.

I.p. - the same, the arms are bent at the elbows and lean on them. At the same time, move the hands and feet towards you, then away from you. Repeat 5-7 times. The pace is slow. Breathing is free.

Diaphragmatic breathing. Repeat 4 times.

I.p. - lying on the stomach. Move the legs alternately on the floor of the foot for 6-8 counts towards you, bringing the flexion in the knee and hip joints to a right angle, and also 6-8 counts away from you. Repeat 6 times. The pace is slow. Breathing is free.

I.p. - Same. Bend the legs at the knee joints and place the feet to the buttocks, hands on the belt. Put your knees to the right hand in front of you to the left, the same in the other direction. Repeat 6-7 times. The pace is slow.

I.p. - Same. " Bike". 3 sets of 10 times. The pace is average. Breathing is arbitrary.

I.p. - lying on the side "Pendulum". 12 times. The same on the other side. Breathing is arbitrary.

I.p. - emphasis, kneeling. Alternately raising the arm up while raising the opposite leg up. 6 times. Breathing is arbitrary.

I.p. - Same. Head forward up, bent at the waist - inhale, round back - exhale. 6 times.

Relaxation exercises.

COMPLEX OF EXERCISES

IN DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY ORGANS

I.p. - standing. Slowly raising your arms through the sides up - inhale,

I.p. - standing, feet shoulder-width apart, hands on the chest, fingers forward. Leading the elbows back - inhale, tilt forward with a stepped exhalation and jerky pressing of the hands on the ribs with the pronunciation of the sound "oo-oo-oo".

I.p. - standing, feet shoulder-width apart, hands clasped in the castle, arms lowered. Hands up - inhale, tilt the hands between the knees - exhale with the pronunciation of the sounds "uh-h".

I.p. - standing, left hand on the chest, right hand on the stomach.

Chest breathing. 5 times

Abdominal breathing. 5 times

Mixed breathing. 5 times

Inhale through the nose, noisy prolonged exhalation through the mouth.

I.p. - standing, arms along the body. Hands up, bend - inhale.

Grab your chest with your hands and exhale for a long time.

I.p. - lying on your back. Diaphragmatic breathing. 5 times

I.p. - lying on your back. The arms are bent at the elbows. Legs bent at the knees, right leg on the knee. Alternate relaxation of arms and legs. 7 times.

I.p. - lying on your back. In the starting position - inhale, pulling the knee to the chest - exhale. 6-8 times.

I.p. - lying on your back. After a deep breath, while exhaling, alternately carry out circular movements of the leg in the hip joint. Leg raise 45 degrees. 12 times.

I.p. - lying on your side. In the starting position - inhale, pulling the knee to the chest for a long time - exhale 8 times.

I.p. - Emphasis, kneeling. Head forward up, bend in the lower back - inhale, the back is round - exhale to the chest. 6 times.

COMPLEX OF EXERCISES

IN BREAKING POSTURE

I.p. - Lying on your back. Flexion, extension of the feet 12 times.

Circular movement of the feet, alternately in each direction 12 times.

I.p. - lying on your back, legs apart, arms along the body.

At the expense of 1-2, leaning on the back of the head, arms, buttocks, bend over, inhale.

I.p. - exhale. Repeat 6-8 times.

I.p. - lying on your back, legs bent at the knees, arms along the body

At the expense of 1-2, leaning on your back, tear your pelvis off the floor - inhale.

I.p. - exhale. Repeat 10 times.

I.p. - lying on your back, legs bent at the knees, arms along the body.

I.p. - inhale. Raise your shoulders forward, pull your left leg to your chest -

exhalation. The same with the other leg. Repeat 8 times.

I.p. - lying on your back, legs bent at the knees, hands behind the head.

I.p. - breath. Lean forward with right elbow touching left knee

inhale. The same with the other hand. Repeat until you feel tired.

I.p. - lying on your back, hands behind your head, legs bent at the knees.

I.p. - breath. Tear off the shoulders, touching the floor with the lower back, tilt to the left -

exhalation. The same on the other side. Repeat 7 times.

I.p. - lying on the right side, the left leg is wound behind the right leg,

we perform swings with the left foot, at the expense of 10, three approaches. Breathing is arbitrary.

I.p. - lying on the stomach, hands at the chin.

I.p. - breath. Pull the left knee to the left elbow, exhale.

The same on the other side. Repeat 10 times.

I.p. - Lying on your stomach with your hands behind your head.

I.p. - breath, at the expense of 5 - springy tilts back, bending in the lower back.

Repeat 5 times.

I.p. - lying on the stomach, arms to the sides, legs apart. At the expense of 1-3 springy

moving the arms back and up. Repeat 6-8 times. Breathing is arbitrary.

I.p. lying on his stomach, hands in front of him hold a gymnastic stick.

At the expense of 1-2 springy movements back, 3- hold the stick at the top,

4- I.p. relax, exhale. Repeat 6-8 times.

I.p. - emphasis, kneeling. Bend in the lower back, inhale, the back is round,

exhalation. Repeat 8 times.

I.p. lying on the stomach, traction of the spine. Diaphragmatic breathing.

COMPLEX OF BASIC EXERCISES OF LFK

FOR IMPROVED VISION

Horizontal eye movement: right - left.

Movement of the eyeballs: vertically up - down.

Circular eye movements: clockwise and in the opposite direction.

Intense squeezing and unclenching the eyes at a fast pace.

Diagonal eye movements: squint your eyes to the lower left corner, then move your gaze upward in a straight line. Likewise in the opposite direction.

Reduction of the eyes to the nose. To do this, put your finger on the bridge of your nose and look at it - your eyes will easily “connect”.

Frequent blinking of the eyes.

Eye work "at a distance". Go to the window, carefully look at a close, clearly visible detail; a branch, a tree growing outside the window, or a scratch on the glass. You can stick a tiny circle of paper on the glass. Then look into the distance, trying to see the most distant objects.

Each exercise should be repeated at least 6 times in each direction.

EXERCISES FOR THE PREVENTION OF MYOPIA

Leaning back, take a deep breath, then leaning forward, exhale.

Leaning back in a chair, close your eyelids, close your eyes tightly, open your eyelids.

Hands on the belt, turn your head to the right, look at the elbow of your right hand; turn your head to the left, look at the elbow of your left hand, return to the starting position.

Raise your eyes to the top, make them a circular motion clockwise, then counterclockwise.

Hands forward, look at the tip of your fingers, raise your hands up - inhale, follow the movement of your hands with your eyes without raising your head, lower your hands - exhale.

GYMNASTICS FOR TIRED EYES

Inhale deeply, closing your eyes as tightly as possible. Tighten the muscles of the neck, face,

heads. Hold your breath for 2-3 seconds, then exhale quickly, opening your eyes wide as you exhale. Repeat 5 times.

Close your eyes, massage the brow ridges and the lower parts of the eye sockets with circular

movements - from the nose to the temples.

Close your eyes, relax your brows. Roll your eyeballs from left to right and right to left.

Place your thumb at a distance of 25 - 30 cm from the eyes, look with two eyes at the end of the finger for 3-5 seconds, close one eye for 3-5 seconds, then look again with two eyes, close the other eye. Repeat 10 times.

Place your fingertips on your temples, squeezing them lightly. Blink quickly and lightly 10 times.

Close your eyes and relax by taking 2-3 deep breaths. Repeat 3 times

COMPLEX OF EXERCISES FOR FLAT FOOT

Sitting legs bent at the knees at a right angle, hands on the knees. Raise your toes and lower them. Repeat 10-20 times. The pace is average, breathing is free.

I.p. Same. Raise your heels and lower. Repeat 10-20 times. The pace is average, breathing is free.

I.p. Same. The legs are connected. Spread your legs to the sides and bring them together without lifting your legs from the floor. Repeat 10-20 times. The pace is average, breathing is free.

I.p. Same. Spread your heels and bring them together without taking your feet off the floor. Repeat 10-20 times. The pace of the average breathing is free.

I.p. Same. At the same time raise the toe of the right and the heel of the left leg and vice versa.

Repeat 10-20 times. The pace is average, breathing is free.

heels. Then return to the starting position. Repeat 10-20 times. The pace is average, breathing is arbitrary.

stick forward, reduce. Repeat 10-20 times. The pace is average breathing is free

I.p. Same. Under the feet of a rubber ball. Roll the ball from toe to heel and back for one minute. When rolling the ball, try to keep your feet firmly pressed against the ball. The pace of the average breathing is free.

Walking in place with bent fingers 15-20 times.

Walking with bent toes on the outer edge of the feet.

Walking on heels for 15-20 seconds. Walking on toes 15-020 seconds.

COMPLEX OF EXERCISES IN THE TREATMENT OF SCOLIOZIS

I.p. lying on your back - hands on the back of the head. Breeding elbows to the sides - inhale,

reduction - exhale.

I.p. - Lying on your back. Alternate bending of the legs to the stomach - exhale. I.p. - inhale.

I.p. - lying on your back, legs bent at the knee joints. Raising the pelvis, bending in the thoracic spine

I.p. - Lying on your back. Stretching one arm up, and the other on the side of the bulge and curvature - to the side - inhale, I.p. - exhale. 4-6 times.

I.p. - lying on the stomach. Raising the body, trying to bend the thoracic spine - inhale, I.p. - exhale. 4-5 times.

I.p. - lying on the stomach, one hand on the back of the head, the other on the chest on the curved side of the curvature. Trunk extension - inhale. I.p. - exhale. 4-5 times.

I.p. - lying on the stomach, arms along the body, palms down. We raise our legs one by one at the same time as the body, leaning on our hands - inhale, i.p. - exhale. 6-6 times.

I.p. - lying on the stomach. Leading the leg to the side on the convex side of the curvature of the lumbar spine and subsequent return to I.p. Breathing is arbitrary. 4 - 5 times.

I.p. - lying on your side, on a cotton pad on the convex side of the curvature of the thoracic spine. Put your hand behind your head - inhale, lower - exhale. The pace is slow. 5-6 times.

I.p. - Emphasis, kneeling. At the same time we stretch the right leg and the left arm - inhale,

I.p. - exhale; the same with the other arm and leg. Repeat 5-6 times.

Simultaneously raising your hands up - inhale, lower your hands - exhale.

NOTE;

A set of basic exercises is repeated daily, the pace of the exercises is slow, a short delay in movement in the extreme position is recommended.

After therapeutic exercises, rest in the supine position on a cotton roll is useful. 15 - 20 minutes.

Physical therapy exercises are designed to strengthen muscles weakened for any reason. The most relevant today is exercise therapy for the back, since the spine is the most common site for the occurrence of pathological changes. And it is these changes that greatly spoil a person's life.

What is LFC

Therapeutic physical culture is a large group of special physical exercises, the purpose of which is to help restore the tone of any muscle groups. From the point of view of anatomy and physics, the most vulnerable place in the human body is the back and spinal column: from the sacrum to the neck. Therefore, the most relevant today is therapeutic exercises for the back.

There are a lot of exercises in physical therapy. You already know some of them, because for sure, at least once in your life you did exercises.

Neurological departments often admit people who cannot straighten up. One day their back was pinched and they couldn't straighten up on their own. This is due to pinching of some kind of nerve due to the fact that the muscular corset of the lower back cannot provide proper protection to the spine.

Why are back exercises so important? See for yourself:

Hands - they are always doing something, moving. Even eating - you hold a spoon in your hands. In general, the arm moves too much for the muscles to atrophy so much.
Legs - as a person walks, their muscles are also constantly trained.
The body remains. To maintain a straight body position, the muscles of the back and abs must be evenly developed, be in good shape and receive a good blood supply. If these conditions are violated (say, with a sedentary lifestyle), the muscles weaken and can no longer perform their functions.

So, for example, the longest muscle of the back, which runs along the spine, is constantly under load. During a long and motionless sitting, blood flow to it is difficult, which reduces its capabilities.

So gradually, depending on our bad habits, the muscles of the body lose their ability to reduce the compression of the spine, the intervertebral cartilage is erased, and the spinal nerves are pinched. This causes pain and limited mobility.

Thus, the back requires training. If you don’t go to the gym, don’t exercise in the morning, you are overweight (even if you just have a stomach), one day you will have to perform therapeutic exercises to save your back from the progression of diseases.

Types of exercise therapy

Gymnastics to strengthen the muscles of the back is not the only type of exercise therapy. First of all, physical therapy is designed to restore muscle tone in any part of the body. For example, after prolonged wearing of a cast and forced immobility, muscle rehabilitation is required.

As for the back, this is a separate issue, since almost half of the entire earthly population needs exercise therapy for the spine.

The most vulnerable part of the spine is the neck, because the vertebrae here are the smallest and most fragile. She holds her head, the mass of which can reach 2 or more kg. Imagine - most of the day the neck muscles hold this weight. Titanic work that we do not notice. And add to this a long sitting, tilting your head to one side or stretching your neck forward. Under such conditions, not only is the blood supply difficult, but the load is distributed unevenly. Some muscles are loaded more than others and do not withstand. So therapeutic exercises for the neck are also necessary.

As a result, the classification of physical exercises can be based on the following:

Training of target muscle groups: gymnastics for the muscles of the back, arms, legs, etc.
Prevention or treatment of various diseases: for example, for a sore back, etc.

These are all conditional classifications. Often, the same exercises are used to achieve several goals.

Three complexes for the back of varying complexity

Any disease has several periods. For example, the manifestation of osteochondrosis of the spine can be divided into 2 stages. The acute period, and then there is a decrease in the severity of symptoms and a rehabilitation stage. And at each stage, their exercises to strengthen the muscles of the back.

With exacerbation of osteochondrosis

Depending on the severity of back diseases, special exercises will be different. And they differ in their complexity and load.

Exercises should be started only after acute pain has been relieved.

For example, a primary set of exercises might look like this:

We lay down on a soft and warm rug, throw our legs on a thick roller. We squeeze and unclench our hands and feet. We do 10 simultaneous compressions.
They moved the roller, put their feet on the floor. The left leg was bent at the knee, placing the foot on the floor. The right leg remains straight. Take your right leg 10 times to the side (sideways).
Put your feet on the roller again, starting position - arms along the body. Alternately raise each arm up, as if you are swimming on your back - 10 strokes for each arm.
Now do exercise number 2, but for the other leg.
And again, legs on the roller, bend your arms at the elbows, keep your palms at your shoulders. Describe a circle with your elbows in a horizontal plane. That is, draw simultaneously with both elbows 10 circles above you. Try to draw even circles.
The legs are still on the roller, bent at the knees. Straighten each leg in turn. 10 times for each leg.
Now a more difficult exercise that can cause pain in the acute period, be careful. The roller was removed, the legs were bent at the knees. Alternately pull each leg with your knee to your chest. 10 times.
From the same starting position, turn your knees to the side, trying to touch the floor with each knee. Avoid sharp pain.
At the end of the complex, breathe by inflating and deflating the abdomen - 10 breaths and exhalations.

These exercises are suitable for daily use. You see that a very light load is applied for the treatment. But it is enough to help a person.

When the acute period is over, you can do a more serious set of exercise therapy exercises.

When the symptoms began to subside

When the symptoms are no longer so strong, you can gradually increase the load. But listen to your body - if doing something hurts (acute pain) - reduce the range of motion. This will definitely help.

Lying on your back with arms extended along the body, raise your head and at the same time strain your abs. This is a lightweight version of lifting the torso from a prone position. We repeat the movement 10 times.
We lean on the shoulder blades, arms along the body, bend the legs at the knees. We raise the pelvis 10 times. You don’t need to strongly bend it towards the ceiling, it’s enough to raise it by 10-15 cm. A large amplitude can hurt you at this stage.
Straighten up lying on your back, tense your buttocks and relax them. Try to reach maximum tension. This is a static exercise.
We lie down, legs bent at the knees, alternately with our hands we touch the knees crosswise, slightly raising the head and body above the floor. 10 times for each hand.
They put a large roller under the knees (you can have an ottoman). From this position, you need to raise the pelvis above the floor - again by 10-15 cm.
We got on our knees and hands, back with a wheel (curved up). They sat down with such a back on their heels and stood back up. So 10 times.
Now we stand in the same position as in exercise 6 - we arch our back up, lower it back to a straight position. So 10 times. In this exercise, the longissimus muscle and other muscles of the spine work well.

Well done, more heavy exercises now that the pain has subsided!

Exercises for rehabilitation

At this stage, when there is no more pain, you need to gradually strengthen the muscles of the spine so that they can withstand the usual load for your life.

The main goals are the press, the longest muscle of the spine (all its parts), the muscles of the cortex.

The complex is as follows:

Raising the body lying down. You have already done a head raise, now from the same position try to tear your upper back off the floor. Knees need to be thrown on the ottoman.
From a prone position, alternately raise straight legs. Over time, you can lift both legs. Press your lower back to the floor. At first, this can be painful, so first you need to work with each leg separately.
Raising the legs from a vertical position. You need to hang on the gymnastic wall or use the horizontal bar or special stops. The legs do not need to be kept straight, in your case it is enough to raise your legs bent at the knees. Just try to touch your knees to your chest.
A very effective exercise in exercise therapy is rolling back and forth on a round back. Grab your knees with your hands and ride. But do it on a mat, as spinal riding is not the most pleasant experience on a hard surface. You can lean to the side a little to get a longer trajectory and wash more muscles.
Hyperextension and reverse hyperextension are the best exercises for strengthening the back. Regular hyperextension should be done in parallel with strengthening the press. This is the key to lower back health.
Stretching exercises for the legs and lower back are also an indispensable part of exercise therapy. To do this, stand up straight, fix your lower back and try to reach the floor with your hands. If you are good at this, wrap your arms around your shins and stretch closer to your legs. When performing the exercise, try to maintain the curve in the lower back, which is characteristic of correct posture.

There are a lot of exercises, as already mentioned. You need to do them regularly and monitor your feelings.

Here are some simple tips to help you recover faster:

Don't do anything through the pain. But, do not immediately abandon the exercise if it causes pain. Reduce the range of motion and experiment. As a result, you will know exactly at what stage the pain occurs and where to stop.
Don't work with weights. Hyperextension and raising the torso to the press in your case cannot be done with additional weight.
With osteochondrosis, it is useful to simply hang on the horizontal bar, this stretches the spine.
Avoid drafts while exercising as you are exercising on the floor. Cold is an enemy for the back, not only with osteochondrosis, but also with other diseases.

Therapeutic exercise (LFK) is a therapeutic and prophylactic method that helps the body recover and prevent the development of many diseases. Exercise therapy is used in conjunction with other therapies to obtain the best possible positive results.

All physical activity is selected individually depending on the disease and the general condition of the patient. It allows you to restore not only the functionality of organs and systems, but also the mental and emotional state.

Movement is life. Movement is a biological stimulus and stimulus that promotes growth, development and recovery. The exercise therapy complex implies active actions of the patient during therapy, unlike other methods.

Physical exercise affects reactivity to various factors, changing the general and local response. Studies have shown that hypokinesia (lack of physical activity) reduces the body's resistance and is a risk factor for the development of many diseases. Therefore, forced hypokinesia, which develops due to a pathological condition, creates unfavorable conditions for the patient.

Of course, rest during the period of illness is necessary, but if it is long, then the decrease in all body functions becomes persistent, which aggravates the general condition, slows down the healing process and contributes to the development of complications. Therefore, physical therapy exercises are vital.

The action of exercise therapy

Therapeutic exercise exercise therapy:

If you carefully choose the type of exercise, you can cause a localized effect that changes the state only where it is really needed.

Mechanisms of therapeutic action

Physical exercise has a multifaceted effect on our body:

Contraindications

Treatment with physical exercises has a number of contraindications, like other methods of therapy:

severe general condition;
intense pain;
risk of bleeding;
heat;
a sharp increase in pressure;
tumors, etc.

If it is possible to prescribe physiotherapy exercises at an early stage, then maximum results can be achieved.

Before using physiotherapy exercises, it is important to correctly diagnose the disease. You can read about the symptoms and treatment of diseases of the spinal cord. All about the manifestations of a hernia of the spine -.

Means of exercise therapy

Means of exercise therapy is a complex of physical exercises.
Classification of physical activity:

ideomotor;
gymnastic.

Ideomotor exercises are a type of exercise that is performed mentally. They are indicated for paresis and paralysis.

Gymnastics develop strength, endurance, balance, restore coordination, mobility in the joints, etc.

Varieties of gymnastic exercises:

static and dynamic;
active and passive;
stretching and relaxation;
for arms and legs, neck, back, press, etc.;
by nature they distinguish between respiratory, preparatory, corrective, balance, etc.

Static exercises are aimed at muscle tension and consist in holding the dumbbells in a stationary state, keeping your weight on the simulators, on the floor, etc. They develop strength, endurance, strengthen muscles and prevent the development of muscle tissue atrophy.

Stretching exercises relieve fatigue during muscle overstrain and their increased tone. The same goes for relaxation exercises.

Passive exercises are exercises that are performed by the instructor, and the patient does not experience muscle tension. These exercises are indicated for paresis and paralysis. They are aimed at restoring motor activity and are combined with ideomotor exercises.

Breathing exercises have a beneficial effect on all tissues, organs and systems, normalize the breathing process, help strengthen the respiratory muscles, and prevent the development of congestion.

Corrective exercises affect the spine. Their task is to correct posture.

Swimming, walking, running, skiing, skating or cycling, playing sports, etc. - all these are types and methods of exercise therapy.

Self-study is the most common form in which an instructor or exercise therapist teaches you a set of exercises. They must be performed regularly every day at the same time up to 3 times a day.

Therapeutic walking implies a dosed load on the broncho-pulmonary, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal systems. The speed of movement, distance, duration of the procedure and the number of stops are regulated.

Terrenkur is a type of therapeutic walking, which consists in climbing into a mountainous area. The load depends on the terrain, the type of ascent, its duration and the duration of the route.

Sports games are group classes, which are always held under the supervision of a coach, instructor, and are widely used in rehabilitation centers.

Morning hygienic gymnastics is a set of exercises in the morning aimed at strengthening the heart, blood vessels and respiratory system, normalizing metabolism and toning the body. The duration of the lesson is no more than 20 minutes.

Therapeutic gymnastics is a set of exercises that have a general strengthening effect on the body. They must solve specific tasks in accordance with the severity of the disease. The duration of the lessons varies from 10 minutes to 45.

Methods of therapeutic gymnastics:

individual sessions. They are indicated for patients in the postoperative period with limited motor mode;
group. The group consists of patients with identical disease;
advisory and independent. Performing special exercises that you are taught at home.

All classes are divided into certain parts:

introductory. In fact, this is a warm-up that prepares your muscles, organs and systems for further exercises. It also tones your body;
main. This is the main stage of classes, taking up 80% of the time. It is aimed at restoring lost functions, improving the general condition and forming compensatory reactions;
final. An important period that allows you to quickly recover from the load and relax.

Plan:

Definition of medical physical culture. Basic concepts.

Indications and contraindications for physical therapy.

Methods and means of therapeutic physical culture.

Goals and objectives of therapeutic physical culture in case of various deviations in the state of health of students.

Orientation and basic principles of physical education of students with various deviations in the state of health.

Literature.

Definition of medical physical culture. Basic concepts

Therapeutic physical culture (LFK) is an academic discipline that studies the theoretical foundations and methods of using physical culture for the treatment and prevention of various diseases. Exercise therapy is an integral part of the physical education of students with poor health. Therefore, it is not only a therapeutic, but also a pedagogical process.

The therapeutic effect of physical exercises is manifested in the form of four main mechanisms:

tonic effect;

trophic action;

formation of compensations;

function normalization.

In physical therapy, there are: general and special training.

Goal of the general training: improvement, strengthening of the body by means of general strengthening and developing physical exercises.

The purpose of the special training: compensation for impaired functions due to illness or injury.

Indications and contraindications for exercise therapy

exercise therapy shown for all diseases: internal, nervous and surgical diseases, injuries, etc., is used at certain stages of various diseases.

Absolute contraindications to the appointment of exercise therapy

acute infectious and inflammatory diseases with high body temperature and general intoxication;

acute period of the disease and its progressive course;

malignant neoplasms before their radical treatment, malignant neoplasms with metastases;

severe oligophrenia (dementia) and mental illness with a sharply impaired intellect;

the presence of a foreign body near large vessels and nerve trunks;

acute disorders of the coronary and cerebral circulation;

acute thrombosis and embolism;

increase in cardiovascular insufficiency with decompensation of blood circulation and respiration;

bleeding;

the general serious condition of the patient;

significant pain syndrome;

negative dynamics of the ECG, indicating a deterioration in coronary circulation;

atrioventricular block.

Temporary contraindications for exercise therapy

exacerbation of chronic diseases;

complication during the course of the disease;

concomitant diseases of an infectious or inflammatory nature;

acute injuries;

the appearance of signs indicating the progression of the disease and the deterioration of the patient's condition;

vascular crisis (hypertonic, hypotonic or normal blood pressure);

violation of the rhythm of heart contractions: sinus tachycardia (over 100 beats / min), bradycardia (less than 50 beats / min), an attack of paroxysmal or atrial fibrillation, extrasystoles with a frequency of more than 1:10.