December 12th day in history
People in Russia love holidays, because it’s a reason to get together with loved ones, and it’s an extra day off. They love it very much. But they don’t always know, what exactly are we celebrating? For example, what is the holiday in Russia? Let's figure it out.
history of the holiday
Therefore, the correct answer to the question: “December 12 - what holiday in Russia?” would be Constitution Day.
This document established the fact that Russia is a democratic state that values and respects human rights and freedoms.
On the day when the main document turned 20 years old (this happened in 2013), the President of the Russian Federation announced that the elderly, women, expecting or already having children, who committed a non-violent crime, were given the opportunity of amnesty.
Constitution Day exists not only in the Russian Federation. It is celebrated in all countries where this important document is in force. It is celebrated in Andorra, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Denmark, Kazakhstan, North Korea, Norway, Panama, the Seychelles, the USA, Tajikistan, Ukraine, Uruguay and Japan.
In Japan, on this day you can visit the Parliament building; the country organizes lectures on the significance of the document for the state.
The constituent entities of the Russian Federation also have their own Constitution Days. They are celebrated by Bashkortostan, Dagestan, Kalmykia, Tatarstan and Chuvashia.
What happened before?
The question naturally arises: was there no Constitution in our country before? There was, only this was the first version was adopted in 1936, it took place on December 5th. And until 1977, this particular day was a holiday.
Then, on October 7, a new document was adopted, which was called the “Constitution of Developed Socialism,” and the celebration was moved to another date. It was decided to continue the tradition of celebration, established back in Soviet times, in the Russian Federation.
December 12 is a holiday in Russia. Are we resting or not?
In 1994, this day was established as a day off by a corresponding document. And so it was until amendments were made to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation in December 2004, which made significant changes to the country’s holiday calendar. Since 2005, December 12 (a holiday in Russia) is no longer a day off. This is, rather, not a holiday, but a memorable day. In many countries of the former Soviet Union it continues to be a day off, but, for example, in the USA it is not a day off.
According to sociologists, the fact that the day off was canceled had a negative impact on public opinion. Less than half of Russian citizens believe that the Constitution can really protect them.
Importance of the Constitution
This document is of great importance for the country. So big that this issue is studied even in school. And the Presidential Decree issued in 1994 confirms this idea. And, of course, children should know the answer to the question: December 12 - what is the holiday in Russia?
The Constitution is a complex and voluminous document. Respect for the state and the law in general begins with respect for the main document.
Why do you need to study it? Knowledge of the Constitution makes it possible for every person permanently residing in the country to feel not like a stranger, but a citizen who has not only responsibilities to the state, but also rights.
On the one hand, the Constitution protects citizens from the permissiveness of the Government. The relevant sections of the document define the scope of activity not only of the President, but also of the parliament and government. The authority is limited to what is stated in this document and cannot extend further.
On the other hand, the Constitution recognizes and also protects the rights and freedoms of every citizen of the country. In order for people to have the opportunity to remember this, the holiday of December 12 was established in Russia, which previously for many was nothing more than an additional day off, and now it goes completely unnoticed if they don’t remind you of it on TV or radio.
To be a citizen means to have not only some rights, but also guarantees that these rights will be respected. The state gives guarantees to a person. Now you know the answer to the question: December 12 - what holiday in Russia?
Neutrality Day of Turkmenistan. On December 12, Turkmenistan celebrates the second most important public holiday in its still short independent history - Neutrality Day.
National Literature Day of Kyrgyzstan. National Literature Day of Kyrgyzstan is a very young holiday. Deputies of the republic's parliament proposed celebrating it in 2011.
Day of customs officers of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The holiday, which is celebrated annually in Kazakhstan on December 12, was established in honor of the founding of the customs service of this state. The day when this department began its existence is December 12, 1991.
Ukrainian Ground Forces Day. The national professional holiday - the Day of the Ground Forces of Ukraine is celebrated annually on December 12.
Swiss Flag Day. Swiss Flag Day is celebrated annually on December 12th. This holiday was established in honor of one historical event.
Day of the Virgin of Guadalupe in Mexico. On this day, pilgrims from all over Mexico gather at the gates of the country's religious center - the Basilica of the Virgin of Guadalupe, located in the northern part of the capital Mexico City.
Feast of the Nineteenth Day of the Month of Masail. December 12 marks the beginning of the month of Masail, which means “Questions” in Arabic. On this day - the first day of the month of Masail according to the nineteen-month Bahá'í calendar - an important holiday is celebrated - the Feast of the Nineteenth Day of the month.
In 1901, the Table Tennis Association was founded in Great Britain. The origins of table tennis were the British military, who served in India and South Africa.
In 1979, the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee officially decided to send Soviet troops into Afghanistan. On October 8, 1979, Nur Muhammad Taraki, the founder of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan and the first leader of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, was killed. Hafizullah Amin, who, despite all his loyalty to Moscow, came to power in the country.
In 1993, during a popular vote, the Constitution of the Russian Federation was adopted. On June 12, 1990, our country adopted the “Declaration of State Sovereignty of the RSFSR.” The document established a new name - the Russian Federation and stated the need to adopt a new Constitution of Russia.
In 2012, celebrations began to mark the 850th anniversary of Notre-Dame de Paris. On December 12, 2012, festive celebrations began in Paris dedicated to the 850th anniversary of Notre-Dame de Paris - the famous Notre-Dame Cathedral.
Constitution Day of the Russian Federation. Constitution Day is one of the most significant public holidays in Russia and is celebrated annually on December 12. On this day in 1993, the Constitution of the Russian Federation was adopted by popular vote in our country.
In 1817, the Moscow Manege opened (November 30). On December 12, 1817, the grand opening of the Manege took place in Moscow. This grandiose building was built in six months according to the design of the famous engineer and mechanical scientist, Lieutenant General Augustin Betancourt.
50 years since the opening of kindergarten No. 72 “Kencheeri” in Yakutsk (1966).
Name day. Daniil, Denis, Paramon, Sergey.
Born on this day. (1766) Nikolai Karamzin, Russian historian-historiographer, writer, poet. (1884) Zinaida Serebryakova, Russian artist. (1915) Frank Sinatra, American singer and actor. (1925) Vladimir Shainsky, Soviet and Russian composer, People's Artist of the RSFSR. (1928) Chingiz Aitmatov, Soviet and Kyrgyz writer and statesman. (1928) Leonid Bykov, Soviet director, screenwriter, actor. (1941) Vitaly Solomin, Soviet and Russian theater and film actor, People's Artist of Russia. (1946) Klara Novikova, Soviet and Russian pop artist, People's Artist of Russia.
According to the folk calendar. Paramon Winter Pointer. In Rus', Paramon was nicknamed the Winter Pointer because it was possible to predict the weather for the entire December based on his day. “The morning is red - December will be clear,” people noted. If there was a snowstorm, then such weather could last until St. Nicholas the Winter (December 19). The crimson dawn foreshadowed strong winds.
According to the lunar calendar. Thirteenth day of the lunar cycle. It is unsuccessful in that everything seems to return to normal, and in order to break out of the vicious circle of problems, you need to work on yourself. Meanwhile, it also has its advantages. This is one of the most social days; the time has come for social events, group contacts, and accumulation of information.
The Constitution is the core of the entire legal system of Russia and determines the meaning and content of other laws. On December 12, 1993, the Constitution of the Russian Federation was adopted in a referendum.
At the end of the 90s, the Russian constitution experienced at least two political crises, from which it emerged with honor and dignity. It was preceded by the Constitution of the RSFSR adopted in 1918 and the first Constitution of the USSR adopted in 1924 - it consolidated the victory of socialism in the Soviet space. Then came the Constitution of 1936 and the so-called “stagnant” Constitution of 1977, which was in force until the collapse of the Soviet Union.
Today's constitution is a solid foundation for the democratic development of the Russian state. This is not just a declaration of good intentions, it is a real working document of direct action. The Constitution for a citizen of any country is the Law, which he must know first of all, because knowledge and competent application of laws is the norm of civilized life, a powerful lever for improving its quality.
Binding made of the finest red leather, an applied silver coat of arms of Russia and the inscription “Constitution of Russia” embossed in gold - this is what “copy number one” of the Basic Law of the country looks like. The so-called inaugural edition of the Constitution of the Russian Federation is kept in the library of the head of state in the Kremlin.
Events that happened on December 12.
1787 - The American state of Pennsylvania ratified the US Constitution.
1905 - The Novorossiysk Republic was proclaimed by the Council of People's Deputies.
1905 - an armed uprising began in Kharkov, led by Artyom.
1910 - Socialite Dorothy Arnold goes missing in New York.
1911 - The capital of India is moved from Calcutta to Delhi.
1919 - Kharkov was liberated from Denikin’s troops.
1935 - Official accession to the throne of the Shah of Iran, Reza Pahlavi.
1939 - The Finnish army defeats the Soviet Union at the Battle of Tolvajärvi; this is Finland's first victory in the Soviet-Finnish War
1941 - Great Patriotic War: Solnechnogorsk and Stalinogorsk are liberated.
1961 - the world's first amateur radio satellite OSCAR-1 was launched into orbit in the United States.
1963 - Kenya gained independence from Great Britain
1989 - The Second Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR began.
1991 - The RSFSR denounces the Union Treaty of 1922 and recalls deputies from the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
1991 - The Supreme Council of Ukraine adopted the Law on Amendments to the Criminal and Criminal Procedure Codes of the Ukrainian SSR, according to which Article 122 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine (for voluntary homosexual relations) was repealed. From that moment on, homosexual relations were punished only in the event of violence.
1993 - the new Constitution of the Russian Federation was adopted by popular vote.
2008 - Switzerland joined the Schengen area and became the 25th country party to the visa-free travel agreement.
The Constitution is the main document of the country, the foundation of the executive and legislative powers.
This important document spells out all the rights and obligations of the country’s citizens and the directions of development of the state. This document has a rather long history.
Constitution of the Russian Federation
The Constitution of Russia can rightfully be called the core of the entire state legal system. Thanks to this document, the content and meaning of all adopted laws are determined. The first Constitution in our state appeared in 1924. Since then, the document has undergone many changes and amendments.
In 1990, our Constitution was able to survive two political crises without losing its significance and dignity. Its predecessors were the Constitution of the RSFSR and the Soviet Union, which was adopted in 1924, which consolidated the position of socialism in the country.
The Constitution of the Russian Federation is the most important state document that ensures full democratic development. Almost every action of the country's president is carried out in accordance with this document. Every citizen of the country must strictly comply with all the requirements and obligations prescribed in the document, because this is state law. Every Russian should know what date December 12 is, what holiday it is customary to celebrate in Russia.
Appearance of the main document of the country
The Russian Constitution looks very impressive. On the red binding is the coat of arms of our country - a two-headed eagle, and on the cover of the document the name is written in gold letters. But this is the appearance of only one copy, or rather the original, stored within the walls of the Kremlin.
Only three heads of our state had a chance to touch the Constitution: Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin, Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin and Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev. The expensive edition is used only for the ceremonial inauguration of the president.
Constitution Day in the USSR
In the Soviet Union, the Constitution was adopted in 1924, on January 31. This became the impetus for the victory of socialism in the country. The formation of the USSR was actually secured by this document. The state now rightfully included all the union republics.
Twelve years later, in 1936, the “Stalinist” Constitution was adopted. It spelled out not only the main social and political issues that needed to be resolved, but also indicated information about the declaration of the end of the most important stage in the formation of socialism on the territory of the Soviet Union. Until 1977, Constitution Day was celebrated on December 5th.
The “Stalinist” document was replaced by the Constitution, finalized by Brezhnev. Otherwise, this document was called “stagnant”, because its effect lasted for 16 long years.
Constitution Day is now
By rights, now December 12th is Constitution Day of the Russian Federation. After all, it was on this day that this declaration was officially adopted. At that time, Russian President Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin approved this day as a day off for all government organizations.
Many people are now wondering whether December 12 is a holiday or not. Unfortunately no. In 2004, deputies of the State Duma made minor amendments to the Labor Code and the calendar of holidays.
According to the new rules, this day is not considered a day off; now it is simply a memorable date glorifying the main state law.
Celebration traditions
Despite the fact that December 12 is not considered a day off, what holiday in Russia goes unnoticed? So Constitution Day is widely celebrated. The State Duma holds festive or ceremonial sessions, and meetings are held in all government organizations: schools, kindergartens, factories, hospitals, etc.
In educational institutions we conduct extracurricular classes in jurisprudence, in which children study the basic provisions and fundamental laws of the Constitution of the modern Russian state.
Every Russian should be proud that on December 12 the country praises the main state document - the Constitution of Russia. We hope that this article helped answer the question about the significance of such a date as December 12, what holiday is celebrated in Russia on this day, and most importantly, how.
Kenya Independence Day
For Kenya, Independence Day is not just a holiday. The date December 12, 1963, is the liberation of the people of Kenya from the heavy oppression of the British Empire, this is a chance for the first time in centuries to build a state for Kenyans, to make the dreams of a decent life for a black man and citizen come true. Considering the special importance of the holiday, Kenyans celebrate this celebration on a special scale. They organize lavish feasts, decorate houses with national symbols, and organize folk games and festivities. A traveler who happens to attend the celebration of Kenya's Independence Day will leave in his memory an unforgettable impression of the friendliness of the Kenyans, the national cuisine and culture of this African people.
Russian Constitution Day
Constitution Day in Russia is a relatively young holiday and has been celebrated since 1993. Then, on December 12, the most important constitutional document was adopted in a referendum. Boris Yeltsin, the current president at that time, insisted on the adoption of the Constitution by direct expression of the people's will, bypassing the discredited and not sufficiently stable institution of parliamentarism. In the 20th century, Russia changed the Constitution five times, in 1918, in 1924, then the pre-war version of the Constitution was adopted in 1936, and the last Soviet Constitution was adopted in 1977. This Constitution is a fundamental document focused on the democratic development of the Russian state. It is important to remember that the Constitution of the state is not a formal set of laws, but a kind of binding document, the framework of the legal system of the state. Every day the Constitution works and operates, ensuring the interaction of all spheres and concepts of modern society and the state. Knowledge of the Constitution by citizens of the country is the key to the balance of the state structure, legal system and economic processes. The first copy of the Constitution, also called the official or inaugural copy, is kept in the Residence of the Head of the Russian State. The document is made of red leather, it contains the state emblem of the Russian Federation, as well as a gold embossed inscription - the Constitution of Russia. Currently, the date December 12 is not a day off, according to the amendment of the State Duma of the Russian Federation dated December 24, 2004.
Neutrality Day of Turkmenistan
On December 12, 1995, the UN General Assembly session approved a resolution recognizing Turkmenistan as a state with permanent neutrality, based on the will of the Turkmen people and government. With this decision, the young country wishes to emphasize its desire for peaceful coexistence with all peoples of the earth and undertakes not to interfere in the internal affairs of other countries. From now on, in Turkmenistan, the date December 12 is considered a public holiday.
Day of the Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine
Every year on December 12, Ukraine celebrates Ground Forces Day, based on the decree of the President of Ukraine, which was signed on October 18. 1997. Preserving the traditions of the Soviet army, the Ukrainian Ground Forces are still the most developed branch of the Ukrainian army today. They are fully equipped with modern military equipment and are in full combat readiness, and are also able to quickly respond to any threat or challenge directed against Ukraine.
Swiss Flag Day
The Swiss Confederation has existed for more than seven centuries. The independence of the state is personified by its flag; the flag of Switzerland has undergone virtually no significant changes over its centuries-old history. This is a square banner, the material is painted red, and a white cross is depicted in the center of the flag. The Swiss flag is the most unusual among European powers. The estimated time of origin of the country's flag is 1339. In ancient times, the symbols of the Swiss army were red banners; later white crosses were added to them, although the ends of the cross reached the edges of the flag. Flag Day in Switzerland is a fairly significant holiday, celebrated in all cantons of the confederation.
Day of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Mexico
This day is special in Mexico, it symbolizes the victory of Christianity in the lands of Mexico and the consolidation of Catholicism in the minds of the indigenous people. Officially celebrated since 1859, in fact since December 12, 1531. According to legend, at the beginning of the 16th century, the Virgin Mary herself appeared to the young Indian Juan Diego in the vicinity of Tepeyac Hill and gave the Indian instructions to preach the Christian faith. In honor of this event, the Basilica Church was built on the hill in honor of the Virgin of Guadalupe... The Day of the Virgin Mary of Guadalupe in Mexico is a big holiday, symbolized by the flowers that, according to legend, Juan Diego collected on the hill at the behest of the Virgin Mary.
Feast of the Nineteenth Day of the Month of Masail
An important holiday in the Arab world, translated as “questions”, has deep religious roots. Celebrated on December 12, it marks the opening of a peculiar month of “fasting”, according to the nineteen-month calendar of the Baha'i community. The holiday also has the goal of uniting society, regardless of social and financial status. On this day, all layers of society become, as it were, one whole people. The holiday takes place in a friendly atmosphere with a show of love for each other.
Hanukkah
On December 12, Jews celebrate the so-called Feast of Candles, which begins on the twenty-fifth of the month of Kislev and lasts more than a week. The holiday immortalized the events of two thousand years ago. Namely, the struggle of the Jewish people against the Egyptian and Greek oppressors. The symbol of these events was the Temple on the Temple Mount, in which the fire in the golden menorah burned for 8 days, but there was only enough oil in it for one day. Thanks to this miracle, it was possible to stock up on the necessary amount of oil and re-consecrate the Temple. To celebrate this holiday, Jews light candles in a special order. Children are given toys and money, and are also treated to sweets.
December 12 in the folk calendar
Paramon Winter Pointer
Saint Paramon suffered for the faith along with 370 martyrs in the year 250. Christians were imprisoned by pagans, forced to renounce their beliefs and worship idols. Having learned about this, the local Christian Paramon openly opposed the cruel rulers. As punishment for such a fearless act, he and the other martyrs were beheaded. Paramon was nicknamed the Winter Signaler because on his day it was possible to predict the weather for the entire month of December. “The morning is red - December will be clear,” people said. If there was a snowstorm on that day, this weather will last until December 19th. People believed that from that day on, winter walked through the villages in bearskin, knocking on the roofs, telling women to get up, cook porridge, and heat the stoves. On Paramonov Day, forecasts were made based on snow for the next year. If there is no snow in winter, there will be no bread; if the snow is deep, it will be a good year; a lot of snow - a lot of bread. The peasants believed in such signs.
Historical events of December 12
The state of Pennsylvania is perhaps the “most democratic state” in the United States; it is not for nothing that the state’s motto is the words: “Virtue, freedom and independence.” The state was the first among North American states to pass a law on the emancipation of slaves. It was one of the original twelve founding states of the United States of America and accepted the Declaration of Independence without hesitation. And December 12, 1787 and the Constitution of the new state.
On December 12, 1905, the so-called Novorossiysk Republic was formed, the putschist self-education of which was based on proletarians, peasants and rebellious Cossacks. The ideology of this pseudo-state was based on the fight against the autocratic state system existing at that time and taking the path of building socialism. This utopian formation lasted exactly two weeks (December 12 - 26, 1905). Government troops sent to Novorossiysk to suppress the rebellion crushed the uprising literally in one day. The organizers and instigators of the coup were severely punished, and legitimate power was restored in the city.
The Indian Emperor George V announced the transfer of the capital to Delhi. The capital of India was moved several times from one city to another, and only in 1911 was it finally decided that Delhi would remain the capital of India. If you look at a map of India, you can see how Delhi seems to dominate the entire country. The city is located in the center of the northern part of the state, at the intersection of important cultural, economic and transport routes. Since ancient times, it has developed a unique metropolitan tradition and the elite of society. And most importantly, all Indian states perceive Delhi as the capital of the entire state, and not of any ethnically isolated territory.
Cities liberated on December 12, 1941 during the Moscow defensive-offensive operation by the tank brigade of Colonel A.G. Kravchenko. and the Guards Corps, Lieutenant General P.A. Belov. The city of Stalinogorsk (now Novomoskovsk) suffered greatly from the short-term German occupation, which lasted no more than seventeen days.
On December 12, 1961, American radio amateurs, with the support of NASSA, launched an amateur radio satellite into orbit, the purpose of which was the stable transmission of a telegraph signal. The satellite operated in orbit for no more than twenty-two days and stably transmitted HI HI signals at frequency 144.983.
In the period from 1901, a new sport appeared in Great Britain, table tennis, later called Ping Pong. It is believed that the founders of the game were English soldiers who were returning from service in India and Africa. The British James Gibb made a significant contribution to the development of the game; he significantly modernized the attributes for ping-pong and largely reworked the rules of table tennis. Soon the new game became so popular that on December 12, 1901, a table tennis association was formed in England. And in 1927, London hosted the first World Table Tennis Championships.
Born on December 12:
Leonid Bykov(1928 - 1979), Russian and Ukrainian actor, director.
On December 12, 1928, the outstanding Soviet and Ukrainian actor and director Leonid Bykov was born. Leonid Fedorovich had a natural talent for acting. All the roles he played were given to him so naturally and easily that the viewer believed this brilliant actor from the first moments of his appearance on camera. Famous roles; Maxim Perepelitsa - Maxim, Zaichik - Lev Zaichik, only old men go into battle - Titorenko and others. The actor loved Ukraine very much and proudly bore the title of People's Artist of Ukraine. After the death of Leonid Fedorovich, he was survived by his wife, daughter and son.
Nikolay Karamzin(1766 - 1826), Russian writer, historian and historiographer.
Until the end of his life, Nikolai Mikhailovich wrote the History of the Russian State. He began writing from very ancient times, from the time when the Slavs were first mentioned. The writer managed to bring “his History” to the period of “turmoil.” Karamzin’s colossal work includes 12 volumes of text containing high literary merit; historical sources, thoughts and opinions of domestic and European authors are analyzed and published in them.
Erasmus Darwin(1731-1802), English naturalist, physician, fortune teller, poet.
Promoted the development of evolution under the influence of external environmental factors. He was a doctor and conducted a number of experiments in physics and biology. He gained fame as a predictor, as he foresaw the scientific and technical leap of mankind. He was persecuted by the church. He was married twice and had ten children.
Vladimir Shainsky(1925) Russian and Soviet composer.
The legendary Soviet and Russian composer was born on December 12, 1925 in Kyiv. People's Artist of the RSFSR. The most talented composer of his time, he wrote and is composing music for films, cartoons, musicals, and television shows. But his main activity is aimed at creating simple, soulful music that would win the hearts of both children and adults. Shainsky's music is kind and memorable for a lifetime, for many generations.
Edvard Munch(1863-1944), artist.
Alfred WERNER(1866-1919), Swiss chemist, Nobel laureate.
Years of life: December 12, 1866 - November 15, 1919. An outstanding Swiss chemist, he made a number of important discoveries in the field of coordination chemistry. For which he was awarded the Nobel Prize.
