How to distinguish between hemorrhoids and rectal polyps. Polyp in the anus symptoms and treatment

Polyps are benign growths that arise from the epithelial cells that line the colon. In the international classification of diseases of the 10th revision, the disease is designated by the code K62.1. In the article we will analyze the polyp in the anus, treatment methods and symptoms.

Severe polyps in the intestinal area

Attention! If symptoms of severe polyposis appear in a child or adult (bleeding, severe cramps, abdominal pain or fever), an urgent need to consult a doctor is required.

The difference between polyps and hemorrhoids

Many people ask how to distinguish between hemorrhoids or a polyp? Hemorrhoids - pathological expansion of hemorrhoids, which is caused by inflammatory, infectious or other causes. Hemorrhoids can fall out in the last stages.

Polyps are benign growths of the epithelium that do not affect the digestive process. In rare cases, they lead to serious complications.

Internal hemorrhoids (even with cracks) in a chronic course are unable to degenerate into a malignant tumor, and polyps can turn into cancer cells after a few years if not treated in time. Both benign neoplasia and hemorrhoids can be cured. However, only a doctor can accurately distinguish them and recognize them in time.

Types of polyps

Polyps are traditionally divided into 3 groups: hyperplastic, adenomas and polyposis syndromes.

Hyperplastic

Hyperplastic polyps account for 90% of all benign neoplasias. They are usually less than 0.5 cm in diameter. Hyperplastic masses are most often found in the rectosigmoid region in adult patients.

Previously, hyperplastic polyps were considered completely clinically insignificant. Today, scientists believe that they have some malignant potential in the presence of hyperplastic polyposis syndrome.

adenomas

Adenomas account for 10% of neoplasias. Most formations of this type (about 90%) are less than 0.9 cm in diameter. They have the greatest potential for malignant transformation. The remaining 10% of the adenoma is larger than 0.9 centimeters and can lead to cancer in 10% of cases.

Adenomas are traditionally divided according to histology into 3 types: tubular, tubular-villous and fleecy. Tubular adenomas are the most common of the 3 types and occur anywhere in the colon. Villous adenomas most often occur in the rectum. This type of adenoma is much larger than the other two types.

Villous adenomas are associated with the highest morbidity and mortality rates of all tumors. They can cause hypersecretory syndromes characterized by hypokalemia and profuse mucous secretions, and more often degenerate into malignant neoplasms.

Serrated adenomas show a mixture of adenomatous and hyperplastic features, with areas of serrated dentate epithelium. They have malignant potential.

The risk of developing carcinoma is related to the size and histology of the adenoma. Adenomas larger than 1 cm contain a significant (> 25%) villous component or are fully dysplastic (commonly referred to as dilated neoplasms) carrying an increased risk of cancer.

Some precancerous neoplasias are now recognized as being flat rather than raised. This non-polypoid neoplasia is more common in chronic colitis and can be detected using non-traditional endoscopic imaging techniques.

Polyposis syndromes

Polyposis are hereditary conditions that include familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, Lynch syndrome, Gardner syndrome, Turkot syndrome, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Cowden disease, and hyperplastic polyposis.

Progress has been made in understanding some of the genetic factors that contribute to the development of these syndromes. Some of the syndromes have extrasynthetic features that help differentiate one syndrome from another. For example, FAP is best understood in terms of the genetic basis and subsequent pathological and genetic events leading to carcinoma.

Two other types of benign polyps are gammamatous polyps, which consist of a mixture of normal tissue and inflammatory polyps.

Reasons for the appearance

Randomized trials prove that many exogenous causes contribute to the formation of colon cancer.

Differences in fiber and antioxidant intake have been hypothesized to play a role in colon cancer, but these suggestions have not been supported by recent large-scale reviews. In medicine, there is circumstantial evidence that the consumption of meat products, polyunsaturated fatty acids and alcoholic beverages may be a risk factor. In contrast, electrolyte and folate intake may have a modest protective effect, especially in patients with a history of tumors.

Ethanol is a significant risk factor for tumor formation

Heredity

In medical science, many polyposis syndromes have been described. Most often, familial adenomatous polyposis is inherited. It is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by truncated mutations in the gene for adenomatous polyposis colitis.

Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in DNA repair proteins.

Cowden's disease is associated with mutations in the homology of phosphatase and tensins on chromosome 10 phosphatases.

DNA

Symptoms

Most patients who suffer from neoplasia do not experience severe symptoms. In symptomatic patients, rectal bleeding is the most common sign of polyps. This chronic bleeding from polyps can cause iron deficiency anemia. Other symptoms of polyps include diarrhea or constipation.

Hemorrhage in the stool is found in a minority of patients with intestinal polyps. Distal rectal polyps are diagnosed by digital rectal examination. The results of the physical examination are usually not pathological.

Diagnostics

A blood test in the stool reveals 20-40% of tumors larger than 12 millimeters in diameter. However, other serious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract can also be the cause of blood loss.

Sigmoidoscopy is considered a low-performance diagnostic method for detecting polyps. This is a procedure or imaging technique that does not accurately diagnose cancer. Studies show that most large adenomatous polyps in women are not detected by sigmoidoscopy.

Colonoscopy is the examination of choice for detecting (accurately diagnosing) colon polyps, obtaining a biopsy, or performing a colonoscopic resection. Colonoscopy reveals tumors in 70-80% of cases. Clinicians use colonoscopy as their primary screening tool.

A camera capsule designed as a gastrointestinal examination tool received US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in February 2014 for polyp detection.

Tests have been developed that detect mutated, fragmented, and methylated deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from exfoliated colon tumor cells in stool. This test was also approved by the FDA in August 2014.

Treatment Methods

Many people wonder what to do with benign neoplasms? In the case of multiple bowel tumors associated with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), colon resection remains the only effective operative option.

Colon resection is also recommended in patients with chronic ulcerative colitis who have developed high-grade dysplasia or dysplasia-related bowel disease. Surgical resection is used for large sessile polyps (at a wide base) that are difficult to remove by other means.

With hereditary polyposis, the complete removal of polyps is indicated to minimize the risk of developing cancer. Subsequent histological examination (histology) makes it possible to distinguish between benign and malignant tumors.

There are several ways to remove intestinal polyps. The choice of procedure depends on the size and position of the formations.

If the tumors are relatively small, a colonoscopy (endoscopic polypectomy) is performed to remove them. An endoscope (an oblong optical device) is passed from the anus (anus) to the point where the polyp is located. This action can sometimes cause pain. To open the intestines and provide visibility, air is blown into it.

The polyp is cut out during endoscopy and taken out. Removal of the anal polyp is performed using a current loop or laser technology. Occasionally, it becomes necessary to isolate the mucosa from the intestinal wall by injecting a drug.

Colonoscopy

If the distance from the polyps to the anus is no more than 10-12 centimeters, they are removed directly through the anal canal. The doctor expands the anal passage with a special device and cuts out the polyp. Most of the resulting defect is sutured inside the intestine. In transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM), the polyp is removed microsurgically using a special endoscope.

For large polyps that are not at the level of the rectum, or malignant neoplasms, laparotomy is used. During laparotomy, the damaged intestinal component of the tumors is removed and the edges of the incision are sutured.

After removal through the abdomen, drainage is often used to absorb wound fluid. The drain is removed after a few days. Sometimes it is required to create an artificial intestinal outlet (anus praeter).

Each removed tumor is examined histologically. If malignancy is detected, additional diagnostic measures are carried out. An extension of the operation is only possible if the patient has previously signed a declaration of consent to these measures.

With endoscopy, sometimes the polyp cannot be completely removed, then another type of intervention is required. However, the endoscopic method is considered the least stressful, so it is usually recommended as the first treatment option.

Some studies have shown that treatment with nonsteroidal drugs reduces the number and total volume of neoplasia. However, NSAIDs (ibuprofen, aspirin) do not prevent the development of oncology. These drugs do not stop the progression of polyps and do not help get rid of them permanently.

Anti-inflammatory agent

One study suggests that acetylsalicylic acid may be helpful in reducing the incidence of recurrent polyps.

Important! Polyps of a certain etiology cannot be treated at home. Only a doctor can remove tumors. Self-elimination by folk methods can lead to unpredictable consequences.

Complications

Untreated neoplasms can progress to carcinoma within a few years. In addition, benign formations can lead to complications of various etiologies: bleeding, diarrhea, intestinal obstruction and malignant degeneration. Bleeding is often not noticed by the patient. If the blood does not have time to recover, this leads to iron deficiency (iron deficiency anemia).

Anemia

Recent studies suggest that the risk of developing malignant cells from sporadic 1 cm polyps is 8% at 10 years and 24% at 20 years. The risk of developing oncology depends on the size of the polyp, the histology of the villi and its association with polyposis syndromes. In FAP, cancer inevitably develops 10 to 20 years after the initial appearance of the polyps.

A more recent Cochrane review reported similar results: a large number of benign neoplasias inevitably lead to the formation of colorectal cancer without timely treatment.

Polyps are a very insidious disease, as it occurs with virtually no specific symptoms. A patient can get such a diagnosis quite by accident by contacting a proctologist with other ailments.

Judging by the photo of the first symptoms of rectal polyps (see below), the disease is unpleasant, it must be treated.

In medical science, this term called neoplasms of a benign nature, their appearance is similar to small tumors that grow from the walls of the intestine into its lumen. They come in three forms:

Mushroom.
Branched.
Spherical.

Polyps in the rectum

In the photo of the anus polyps (see above), you can see that their color can be dark red, burgundy, raspberry or pink. The consistency of the neoplasms is quite soft. Their growth comes from the tissues of the epithelium, but inside their type is completely different. Fibrous polyps of the rectum in rare cases develop into malignant tumors, but can often become inflamed and the inflammation has a purulent character.

Varieties of polyps

He is engaged in the treatment of these neoplasms. In order to decide how to treat this ailment, it is necessary to find out what type of polyps bother the patient. They are adenomatous, that is, consist of glandular tissue and have a leg. A polyp on a stalk in the rectum can reach a diameter of 2-3 cm. It is the most dangerous, as it can degenerate into

Another type of polyps are villous, which look like a round growth with a surface that has a large number of small papillae. They are also called bleeding rectal polyps due to the fact that they are very soft and easily injured. They also tend to degenerate into malignant neoplasms.

Another type of polyps are multiple mixed ones, that is, villous glandular and mucocystic. And another type of rectal polyps is diffuse polyposis, in which these neoplasms cover the entire surface of the intestinal walls, preventing the exit of its contents.

You should not try to treat this disease on your own, so as not to aggravate the situation, you definitely need the help of a highly qualified proctologist.

How to distinguish this disease from hemorrhoids

Many people, having felt discomfort in the anus, think about their origin, in this case two ailments come to mind and the question is how hemorrhoids differ from polyps.

Only a proctologist can detect and diagnose a polyp

It is known that hemorrhoids are called inflammation of the venous nodes. The disease is quite common and almost every person knows a few. Some people can even independently understand what kind of ailment they have overtaken by certain symptoms and sensations.

With these tumors, everything is much more complicated, firstly, unlike hemorrhoids, they do not have such pronounced symptoms, and secondly, only a proctologist can detect and diagnose them during endoscopic examination of the patient.

Hemorrhoids are localized in the lower intestines, characterized by thrombosis and inflammation of the venous nodes as a result of blood stasis in the pelvic organs. Tumors can form in any organ of the human body that has a cavity.

In a neglected state, both diseases manifest themselves with almost the same symptoms, so you should not think about how to distinguish hemorrhoids from polyps on your own, but you should consult a doctor.

Reasons for education

When polyps appear in the anus, a person begins to think about the reasons that contribute to their appearance. Unfortunately, despite the fact that scientists have long found answers to questions, and with polyps, everything turned out to be not so simple. Until now, researchers have not identified the exact cause of their formation.

It is believed that the disease develops due to chronic diseases of the large intestine, which provoke the aging of its epithelium. The following factors also contribute to the development of the disease:

Haemorrhoids.
Enteritis.
Dysentery.

Besides, the formation of these tumors is promoted by frequent constipation and malnutrition. It is known that they can appear not only in an adult, but also in a child. Doctors note that the disease can be hereditary and viral.

The formation of polyps is promoted by frequent constipation and malnutrition.

There is also an opinion that poor environmental conditions, bad habits, physical inactivity, fatty foods, lack of fiber in the diet and age-related changes can contribute to the development of the disease. Very often, not knowing how to distinguish a polyp or hemorrhoids, it worries that people after 50 years old go to a proctologist for an examination and they are diagnosed with this particular ailment.

Symptoms of the disease

Like the initial stages of hemorrhoids, this disease may not show itself in any way.

Symptoms of polyps in the rectum become apparent when an inflammatory process joins them or they are injured.

Then a person may feel the following signs of the disease:

Frequent and painful bowel movements with blood and mucus in the stool.
Bleeding if the tumor is injured.
Chills and fever when there is inflammation.
A neoplasm on a leg can fall out of the anus, like a hemorrhoid.
Large tumors prevent the contents of the intestine from leaving it, hence the feeling of discomfort and pain during bowel movements.

If you notice these symptoms, you should immediately visit a specialist, since the disease threatens with complications, for example, anemia, malnutrition, exacerbation of hemorrhoids, the formation of anal fissures, paraproctitis and malignant neoplasms.

The size and process of removing neoplasms

The sizes of polyps in the rectum in most cases, if a tumor-like formation on a stalk is diagnosed, reach 1.5-2 cm in diameter, sometimes they grow to 3 or more.

Conservative methods do not treat these tumor-like formations of any even the smallest sizes, they are removed only by a surgical method. Having determined the wording of the diagnosis, the removal of the rectal polyp, the proctologist decides which way to do it.

Removal of polyps

There are several methods for removing these tumor-like formations, which depend on the location, number and size. As a rule, the following methods are used to remove them:

Electrocoagulation. The procedure is a cauterization of small neoplasms, it is carried out through a rectoscope.
Endoscopic intervention. This surgical method of removing tumor-like formations occurs using a sigmoidoscope on an outpatient basis.
Transanal excision. The intervention is performed under anesthesia, with the help of which large villous polyps are removed.
Resection of the rectum. It is a rather complicated operation, in which the part of the rectum affected by the tumor is removed.

Which of the above methods is used to remove neoplasms is decided by the proctologist, the latter type of operation is used when the tumor becomes malignant and metastases are possible.

Conclusion

The disease is quite dangerous, so you should try to follow the recommendations of competent specialists in order to avoid its occurrence. It is very important to monitor your health at any age, but people after 50 years of age are most prone to the appearance of these neoplasms. To reduce the risk of developing them, you need to eat right, limit bad habits or get rid of them altogether.

It is also necessary to lead a more mobile lifestyle. Timely treat any diseases of the digestive tract. Contact the doctor in time and do not delay with examinations.

Polyps in the anus are benign formations that grow from the intestinal mucosa. Often their development proceeds without any symptoms, but sometimes there may be severe itching, moderate bleeding and soreness during bowel movements in the anus. Polyps should be removed, as they can degenerate into malignant tumors.

Polyp in the anus: symptoms and treatment

Unfortunately, the appearance of a polyp is not always accompanied by any symptoms. At the initial stage, when the neoplasm is very small, it is possible to detect it only with the help of special studies of the intestine, one of which is colonoscopy. If the condition of the mucous membranes of the rectum was started and a large polyposis accumulation formed, then it can provoke the release of a small amount of blood (scarlet or red) and mucus in the feces. The temperature of the human body remains within the normal range and increases only during inflammation of the tumor-like neoplasm.

Polyps located in the rectum and having reached a sufficiently large size can be felt. They create a feeling of discomfort in the anus and in the iliac region. This feeling is not permanent, but more paroxysmal. In addition, large formations provoke regular loose stools or constipation. Since the polyp blocks the intestinal lumen, the exit of feces from the body is much more difficult.

How to get rid of hemorrhoids without the help of doctors, at home?!

stool returned to normal

Pain, burning and discomfort stopped

the knots dissipated and the veins came to tone

life sparkled with new colors and this problem never bothered you again

Elena Malysheva will tell us about this. This problem cannot be started, otherwise it can develop into oncology, but it can and should be treated! with the help of a timely course of treatment and only proven means.

Some polyps are attached to the intestinal mucosa with a long stalk, which can cause them to fall out of the anus during constipation, infringe and cause pain. Similar symptoms accompany hemorrhoids, when hemorrhoids prolapse, and rectal cancer.

Having noticed the first warning signs, it is recommended to immediately come to a consultation with a proctologist for a more detailed examination and diagnosis. Otherwise, polyps can provoke a serious complication in the form of intestinal obstruction, which occurs when the intestinal lumen is blocked by a neoplasm. There is also a high risk that the polyp can transform into a malignant tumor.

The main method of treatment is the removal of polyps. This does not even require a full-fledged operation. It is enough during the colonoscopy procedure to remove the neoplasm with a colonoscope. In some cases, bleeding develops, which is eliminated by an additional procedure to stop the blood. Before a colonoscopy, the patient should follow a certain diet, which contributes to a less painful procedure, and also prevents the development of complications.

The removed polyp is subjected to histological analysis, and if signs of cancer cells are found, resection of the part of the intestine where the polyp was detected is recommended. When it comes to diffuse polyposis, the only way to save a person's life is to remove the large intestine. Instead, the small intestine is sutured to the rest of the rectum.

It is always quite difficult to make a final decision on the operation, but doctors do not recommend delaying this moment. Even while thinking about a possible operation and its consequences, one should refuse to eat meat, switch to stewed vegetables and cereals on the water. You should drink enough natural juices to increase the level of hemoglobin and strengthen the protective functions in the body.

To alleviate the patient's condition during inflammatory processes, it is recommended to put Anestezol rectal suppositories or any others that have an anti-inflammatory effect. Candles with ibuprofen, diclofenac and paracetamol use good reviews.

From folk remedies, it is recommended to use candles for rectal administration, made on the basis of hemlock. For the best effect, cleansing enemas should be done before using them. All manipulations are carried out strictly after consultation with the doctor, otherwise any attempt at self-treatment will lead to dangerous complications and poor health.

The secondary development of a polyp in the same place within two years is observed in 13% of patients. Detection of polyps in other parts of the large intestine occurs in 7% of cases.

Methods for diagnosing polyps in the anus

In the anal region of the rectum, the definition of polyps is carried out by palpation of the anus. This examination method allows you to confirm the presence or exclude pathologies such as anal fissure, fistulas, hemorrhoids.

To detect polyps at the earliest stages, the following diagnostic methods are also used:

sigmoidoscopy. The main tool with which the examination is carried out is a special tube equipped with a camera. It allows you to get detailed information about the state of the internal mucous membranes of the intestine, starting from the anus and reaching 25 cm. Using a proctoscope, you can not only detect polyps, but also remove them during the procedure;

colonoscopy. The method allows for complex visualization of the large intestine. As well as sigmoidoscopy, during the examination, various pathologies of the intestinal mucosa can be detected and polyps can be removed. Using an electrode with a loop, the endoscopist cuts off the neoplasm and, in order to avoid bleeding, cauterizes the site of its growth. To determine the nature of the polyp, it is sent for histological examination;

irrigoscopy. Allows you to identify neoplasms, the size of which exceeds 1 centimeter. To obtain the results of the study, a contrast agent is injected into the rectum, then a series of images records the progress of this substance through the intestines.

If a polyp in the anus is detected in a timely manner, its removal guarantees in most cases a complete recovery without any serious complications. But since polypectomy does not eliminate the main cause of the development and growth of benign formations, cases of relapse are not excluded.

Prevention of polyp formation

Unfortunately, there are still no specific recommendations in medicine for the prevention of polyp formation. To reduce the risk of their development or minimize the likelihood of relapse, doctors recommend sticking to a balanced diet, adding exercise to your daily schedule, and monitoring the state of your digestive system. In case of any problems with the gastrointestinal tract, you should not ignore them and try to heal yourself. The best prevention of any disease is to prevent its development.

The causes of polyps, according to most doctors, are:

genetic predisposition to the formation of polyps;

disorders that occur during fetal development during the formation of the intestinal walls;

inflammatory processes occurring in the intestines, for example, enteritis, colitis, dysentery;

irregular meals;

abuse of fried, fat-rich food of animal origin and lack of the required amount of vegetable fiber;

unfavorable ecological situation;

alcohol abuse.

If you eliminate as many factors provoking the disease as possible, the chances of a successful recovery and the absence of recurrence of the pathology increase significantly. Do not forget that there are no reliable symptoms indicating that a person has an active growth of neoplasms in the body. Therefore, you should show a responsible attitude to your health by undergoing regular examinations, especially if there is a hereditary predisposition to this disease.

Folk remedies for the treatment of intestinal polyps

Treatment of intestinal polyps with folk remedies today is very popular, like all alternative medicine. Polyps in the intestines can make significant adjustments to human life. At the initial stage of the pathology, folk remedies can provide tangible benefits, in frequent cases, alternative medicine helps to completely cope with the problem, that is, remove polyps. When the disease passes into the middle form, treatment with folk remedies can only be complex along with drug therapy. In severe cases, surgery is most often used.

When the intestine is in a healthy state, the cells of its mucous membranes undergo renewal. This is necessary for the optimal functioning of the body. Due to various pathologies or disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (gastrointestinal tract), changes can also occur in the intestines. This disrupts the renewal process, which leads to a thickening of the layer of epithelial glandular cells. Thus, polyps begin to form.

Intestinal polyps interfere with the natural passage of feces, which can lead to obstruction. Therefore, it is extremely important to pay attention to the pathology in time.

If it were possible to examine the formations from the inside, then they could resemble a wart on a thin stalk or a bumpy carpet. According to the structure and shape, polyps are divided into mushroom-shaped and rounded. They can be multiple, that is, they make up a whole group of formations, or they can be located one by one. During colonoscopy, experts note what the growths are located on and based on. It can be thin legs or an extensive base.

Formations can occur anywhere in the intestine.

As a rule, the following forms of diseases occur depending on the localization:

rectal polyps;
colon polyps;
polyps in the sigmoid colon.

Polyps occur not only due to diseases and pathologies in the digestive tract. Ordinary life habits and human activities can contribute to the development of the disease.

It is worth noting that many folk remedies help with polyps in the intestines. They remove formations at the initial stage of their development. In order to prevent surgical intervention and try proven methods of traditional medicine in therapy, it is worth knowing the symptoms of the disease and immediately responding to its manifestations.

According to statistics, patients turn to a specialist when the disease becomes moderate. This is due to the fact that the symptoms of the disease do not appear immediately. A person may not be aware of the problem for a long time.

Clinical manifestations of pathology in the middle stage have certain signs, which often depend on the size of the formations, their number and type.

Also, the symptoms of pathology will differ depending on the localization of benign neoplasms:

Polyps in the rectum may not have any negative impact on human health for a long time. However, after a few years, people begin to notice manifestations characteristic of pathology. They are characterized by the presence of mucus in the feces and copious discharge of blood.
Polyps in the colon often lead to colitis or colon disease. In this case, a person notices a violation of the chair. Constipation and diarrhea may alternate. In the stool during the act of defecation, mucus and blood clots are found. The disease is accompanied by severe pain in the stomach, burning and itching in the anus.
Polyps of the sigmoid colon are accompanied by frequent constipation and diarrhea, which have no previous causes for development. In the process of defecation, blood, pus and mucus are observed. A person is often tormented by bloating and belching.

traditional medicine

To understand how to treat polyps, you should first of all consult a doctor who will tell you the most effective method of influencing the problem. Often, doctors resort to drug therapy, because it helps to get rid of the disease in a shorter time. However, in agreement with the doctor, non-traditional methods can also be used as a complex treatment.

Traditional medicine involves the use of drugs. Special medicines help to cure polyps. They are often prescribed for severe intestinal polyposis. They can have a variety of forms of release: gels, ointments, suppositories, tablets, drops.

For the treatment of polyps in the intestines in traditional medicine, surgical intervention is used. It is possible to remove formations at any stage of the pathology. This allows you to get rid of the problem at the root.

Among the most common treatments are:

Enemas with celandine from polyps are used quite often. The therapy consists of several stages. The first course is designed for 15 days and involves the daily use of an enema. It is based on a solution of celandine juice 1 teaspoon and 1 liter of water. After the first stage, a break of 2 weeks is required. The method involves the treatment of polyps of the rectum, sigmoid and colon. It is because of its versatility and efficiency that it has become quite popular. The second course after a 2-week break involves a procedure with a higher concentration of juice. For the same amount of water, 1 tbsp. plant spoon. Then again there is a break of 2 weeks. After a break, an enema is applied with the same ratio of juice and water as in the second stage. As a rule, after 3 courses, the polyp of the rectum, sigmoid and colon disappears. Celandine for polyps is considered the most effective remedy.
From the polyp of the rectum saves camphor oil with iodine. To prepare a healing solution, honey, camphor oil and iodine are used in a ratio of 1: 1: 7, that is, honey and oil 1 tbsp. spoon and 7 drops of iodine. The prepared mixture is used as a tampon, which is soaked in the product and is further in the anus, as deep as possible in the rectum. The course is 10 days, it is better to use tampons all night. It is believed that this remedy perfectly saves from the polyp of the rectum, if the proportions are observed and the entire course is completed.
If a polyp has formed not only in the rectum, special balms can become folk remedies. For example, green balm is popular. According to patients, it can save from surgery, as it has powerful healing properties. The balm recipe is as follows: you need to take a 3-liter jar; fill it 1/3 with green walnuts, which must be finely chopped; pour vodka up to the neck and put in a dark place for 3 weeks, shaking occasionally; then pour into several bottles. It is recommended to use a balm from polyps in the rectum, sigmoid and colon 15 minutes before meals, 1 tbsp. spoon, 3 times in knocks. In this way, formations are removed if you complete the entire course, which is a month.

It is possible to treat an ailment with folk remedies in combination with taking medications, do not forget about it. Removing polyps at the same time will turn out much faster and more efficiently.

When an intestinal polyp occurs, treatment can be delayed for a long time. At the same time, remove the negative attitude, a lot of positive reviews indicate that non-traditional methods of treatment help, in most cases, to avoid surgical intervention.

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How can you tell hemorrhoids from rectal polyps?

Good afternoon doctor! I have chronic hemorrhoids, accompanied by various unpleasant sensations in the anus - from itching to prolapse and pain in the nodes. She did not go to the doctor, she relieved inflammation and pain quite successfully with Proctosan suppositories and Bezornil ointment. At the last bowel movement, I had blood in the stool and a small bump came out near the anus. I rummaged through the Internet and read that polyps in the rectum can give bleeding. Tell me, please, how can you tell hemorrhoids from rectal polyps?

Hello! Diagnosis of the disease on the Internet is a thankless task. Blood discharge from the anus can be associated with various intestinal diseases, including hemorrhoids, polyps, and other rather dangerous ailments. In order to distinguish hemorrhoids from polyps or other diseases, differential diagnosis of the rectum is required, including endoscopic studies. It is impossible to independently determine the difference between polyps and hemorrhoids, since their symptoms may be similar - bloody or mucous discharge from the anus, a feeling of the presence of a foreign body in the anus, constipation or diarrhea, etc. So you can’t do without visiting a proctologist!

What is the difference between a polyp and a hemorrhoid?

As a rule, rectal polyps are asymptomatic and are found only during endoscopic examination for a completely different pathology. Some manifestations of polyps, such as discomfort in the abdomen or anal area, diarrhea or constipation, slight bleeding, the patient mistakenly takes for hemorrhoids and tries to treat it on his own with the help of ointments, suppositories, folk methods, etc. In fact, to distinguish hemorrhoids from a polyp is impossible without a qualified medical examination. Therefore, at the first signs of a proctological disease, the patient should urgently consult a proctologist for differential diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

An anal polyp is a benign neoplasm that appears as a result of the growth and protrusion of the mucous membrane into the lumen of the rectum. These formations can be located either one by one or in groups on the mucous membrane of the anus or rectum. Anal polyps are globular, mushroom-shaped, oval, or pear-shaped, and sometimes resemble clustered cauliflower. The formation may have a thin or wide stalk or spread along the rectal wall. Its color is usually similar to the color of the mucous membrane from which it appeared, but it can also be red, crimson or purple in color, depending on the number of vessels that feed the tumor and the presence / absence of inflammation or suppuration in it.

Polyps can be filled with various types of tissue. The fibrous polyp is dominated by connective tissue. Such a tumor, as a rule, is formed in often inflamed areas of the mucosa, is prone to suppuration and inflammation, but rarely degenerates into oncology. The adenomatous polyp contains glandular tissue. This formation has a tendency to develop into a malignant tumor. The villous polyp is also prone to degeneration into cancer. It has a round or elongated shape, pink-red color and a velvety surface, consisting of small papillae, similar to villi. In addition, multiple anal polyps may be of a mixed type: glandular-villous or mucocystic. Another form of the disease is diffuse (familial) polyposis. In this case, groups of polyps are located throughout the colon, preventing the movement of feces through it. Sometimes the patient is diagnosed with multiple neoplasms that occur as a result of chronic inflammation of the intestine and quickly pass when the inflammation is relieved. This course of the disease is called pseudopolyposis.

Cause of polyps in the rectum

The exact reasons for the growth of the glandular epithelium, resulting in polyps, have not been fully established. It is believed that their appearance is associated with a long-term inflammatory process of the mucous membrane of the intestinal wall. For example, chronic hemorrhoids, persistent constipation, intestinal dyskinesia, enteritis, colitis, dysentery, ulcerative proctosigmoiditis, etc. can lead to the appearance of such formations in the rectum. Chronic inflammatory bowel diseases contribute to aging of the epithelium of the intestinal mucosa, and subsequently lead to the appearance of benign formations on it. In addition, there is a theory that one of the culprits for the appearance of polyps is a genetic predisposition, as well as violations of intrauterine development of the fetus during the formation of the intestinal walls. Among other factors affecting the development and growth of these formations, one can note malnutrition (erratic meals, alcohol abuse, a diet with a large amount of refined food, the use of foods that irritate the intestinal mucosa), an unfavorable environmental situation, a sedentary lifestyle.

Signs of rectal polyps

The appearance and development of polyps in the rectum, as a rule, proceeds unnoticed and does not have special clinical manifestations that indicate this particular pathology. The severity of symptoms directly depends on the size of the formations, their location, quantity, morphological structure, the presence or absence of malignant growth. A single small polyp can only be detected during a colonoscopy, since the symptoms of the disease in this case are completely absent. Often, neoplasms in the rectum are discovered by chance during an endoscopic examination of the intestine, prescribed for another pathology. People aged 40 years and older who have chronic inflammatory bowel disease and suffer from stool disorders are at risk of developing malignant tumors and should be examined by a proctologist at least once a year. Although polyps are a benign formation, they are dangerous with complications such as intestinal obstruction that occurs when the tumor overlaps the intestinal lumen, as well as degeneration into a malignant tumor.

Unfortunately, the symptoms of the disease appear mainly when an inflammatory process or multiple polyps, and at the same time quite large, join the neoplasm in the rectum. So, the reason for the immediate appeal to the proctologist are the following signs:

the appearance of blood and mucus in the stool (in this case, the patient's body temperature may be within the normal range, and increase only with inflammation of the tumor);
paroxysmal discomfort in the anus and the sensation of a foreign body in it;
frequent constipation or diarrhea;
pain in the iliac region and lower abdomen;
prolapse of a lump from the anus, its infringement in the sphincter, bleeding and soreness (not only a hemorrhoid can fall out, but also a polyp on a long stalk, located near the outlet of the rectum)

Despite the fact that these symptoms are similar to hemorrhoids, anal polyps are much more dangerous and can cause complications such as inflammatory diseases of the rectum, oncological pathology, paraproctitis, anal fissure.

Methods for detecting polyps

First, the doctor conducts a digital examination of the rectum, which allows to identify neoplasms of the anal canal and the terminal part of the rectum, as well as to exclude other pathologies, such as hemorrhoids, anal fissure, cysts, etc. At the following stages, more informative instrumental techniques are used:

Sigmoidoscopy. The procedure allows you to visually inspect the internal walls of the intestine to a depth of 25 cm from the anus, as well as assess the extent of the lesion. Since most polyps occur in the rectum and sigmoid colon, polyps in this case are easy to detect with a rectoscope, which is a small tube equipped with video equipment;
Colonoscopy. A study in which you can visualize the entire large intestine and its walls;
Irrigoscopy. This x-ray procedure with the introduction of a contrast suspension into the rectum makes it possible to determine the degree of damage to the intestine with polyps larger than 1 cm, and in some cases to establish the malignancy of existing formations.

If polyps are found during the endoscopic examination, then a biopsy is taken for subsequent histological and cytological examination. In addition, modern techniques such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging can be used to detect colon tumors.

Quite often, patients confuse rectal polyps with hemorrhoids, which is fraught with serious health consequences. If hemorrhoids in the initial and even in the chronic stages can be successfully treated with conservative therapy, then anal polyps are treated only by surgery, namely by excision. Only radical removal of polyps can solve the existing problem completely and prevent many serious complications, such as rectal cancer. Small solitary polyps can be removed immediately during endoscopic examination (sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy) by electroexcision. In this case, a diathermic loop is thrown onto the leg of the polyp and tightened. Larger polyps are removed piece by piece. Low-lying formations are removed transanally. This mini-surgery is usually performed on an outpatient basis without the patient being admitted to a hospital. Before the procedure, you should follow a special diet for several days. In addition, before surgical treatment of polyps through a rectoscope or colonoscope, acute inflammatory processes in the intestine should be stopped with medication.

In more severe cases, the patient is hospitalized in a hospital, and the removal of the anal polyp is carried out through a special incision. The removed formation must be subjected to a histological examination for the detection of cancer cells. If the tumor is malignant, then the question of resection of that part of the intestine in which this polyp was found is decided. In the case when polyposis is secondary, that is, resulting from diseases such as proctosigmoiditis, dysentery, ulcerative colitis, etc., then the treatment of polyps should be directed to the underlying disease. If the excision of the polyp is carried out in a timely manner, then the disease passes without a trace, although relapses do occur. Therefore, a person who has undergone surgery for polyps should undergo endoscopic examinations at least once every 3 years.

The main preventive measure for rectal cancer, especially in the elderly, is the timely diagnosis and removal of polyps.

To reduce the risk of rectal polyps, you need to adhere to a balanced diet, lead a healthy lifestyle, and contact a specialist with any signs of malaise.

What do anal polyps look like in a photo

Polyps that grow in the anus are neoplasms that are benign in nature. Most often, this pathology does not cause concern for a person for a long time, since it does not manifest itself at all.

To date, doctors are at a loss with a clear answer to the question of what is the reason why neoplasms begin to grow in the anus.

The main reason today is called inflammatory processes, which for a long time injure the mucous membrane of the rectum. These processes can lead to:

In addition to inflammatory processes, the reason for the formation of neoplasms in the anus is called genetic characteristics. Sometimes the pathology begins to be laid even at the time when the child is in the mother's womb.

Other factors provoking the development of this pathology include:

wrong approach to nutrition;
abuse of bad habits;
hypodynamia (lack of movement);
influence of environmental factors.

There is an extensive classification by which it is possible to divide the polyps of the anus into several types. According to the type of tissue from which the neoplasm was formed, the following varieties are distinguished:

fibrous - are formed from a connective tissue, least often lead to degeneration into a malignant process;
adenomatous - formed from glandular tissue, most often cause the formation of a malignant neoplasm, therefore they are considered a precancerous condition;
villous - in the photo they look like a lot of papillae of a villous type, due to softness it is often damaged, which causes bleeding and soreness, as symptoms;
hyperplastic - consists of epithelial tissue in which division disturbances have occurred, rarely turns into a malignant process and is often limited to small sizes - up to 5 mm, as seen in the photo;
mixed polyps may combine several characteristic tissue types.

Also, polyps can be divided into several broad groups, based on their number and prevalence:

single polyp;
multiple polyps (located in small groups in all parts of the large intestine);
diffuse polyps (affect large spaces of the colon in clusters).

Only a coloproctologist can accurately determine whether a patient has polyps in the intestine.

Symptoms indicating that there are polyps in the anus are often blurred and unreliable.

Symptoms rarely appear fully, and their severity depends on which anal polyps have developed in a particular case.

Often, anal polyps are discovered quite by accident when conducting any research on other diseases; it is often possible to detect a polyp on an endoscopic photo.

However, although the symptoms may not be pronounced, people over 40 years of age are advised to undergo annual examinations in order to diagnose the disease in the early stages and begin its treatment.

Timely treatment of polyposis can prevent complications such as the degeneration of a benign neoplasm into a malignant one, as well as the development of obstruction.

Symptoms that may manifest polyps that grow in the anus may be as follows:

the presence of bloody or mucous discharge that appears during the act of defecation;
an increase in body temperature if there are symptoms of inflammation;
frequent congestion in the rectum or, on the contrary, diarrhea, for which it is not possible to find treatment;
pain in the lower abdomen;
prolapse of bumps resembling hemorrhoidal, which can be seen even in the photo.

The similarity of polyps with hemorrhoids complicates the diagnosis and selection of methods of therapy. The symptoms that appear in both cases are identical, so it is impossible to accurately diagnose the disease from the clinical picture.

Treatment of polyps cannot be carried out with the help of conservative therapy, that is, treatment with folk remedies and medicines is unacceptable.

The only true treatment is removal using endoscopic or surgical techniques.

If the anal polyp is located low enough, treatment includes removal through the anus.

If the polyp is small and found high in the colon, then treatment includes removal using endoscopic electroexcision (electrical exposure). Treatment of large polyps is carried out by removing them from the intestine in parts.

Once the polyp is removed, it must be sent for histological examination.

Treatment of diffuse polyposis is carried out by removing the affected part of the intestine.

How to distinguish from hemorrhoids

As already mentioned, neoplasms of the anus do not make themselves felt for a long time. A similar course of the disease is also characteristic of hemorrhoids, which also may not manifest itself for a long time.

Patients should keep in mind that it is impossible to independently differentiate these diseases based on symptoms alone.

If you experience any symptoms characteristic of hemorrhoids or polyposis, you should consult a doctor for professional diagnosis. Only with the exact establishment of the pathology will it be possible to choose the right treatment.

It is also worth knowing that despite the similarity of the symptoms of the disease, they are different in nature.

Hemorrhoids are a pathological expansion of the veins that provide blood flow in the rectum, while polyps are epithelial formations that grow in the intestinal lumen.

In terms of its complications, polyposis is much more dangerous than hemorrhoids, and this should also be taken into account when deciding on self-diagnosis and resorting to self-treatment attempts.

Hemorrhoids do not have the ability to degenerate into a cancerous neoplasm, but many types of polyps, on the contrary, have a tendency to this. You should be attentive to your health and, if suspicious symptoms appear, do not hesitate to seek help from a doctor.

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Polyps in the anus

Causes
Symptoms of the disease
Diagnostics
Treatment
Disease prevention

Benign tumor neoplasms localized in the rectum are anal polyps. With the formation of such a tumor in the anus above the mucous membrane, a glandular epithelium grows in the form of a fungus with or without a stalk. It may look like a ball. Most often, polyps reach a size of up to 3 centimeters. The size of the formations in the anus depends on how high the probability of their transition to malignant tumors will be.

Causes

Polyps formed in the anus appear already on unhealthy tissue. Existing inflammatory diseases of the skin or mucous membrane can lead to the formation of tumors: ulcerative colitis, dysentery, enteritis, typhoid fever, ulcerative proctosigmoiditis. Sometimes the appearance of polyps on the passage of the anus is promoted by constipation and intestinal dyskinesia.

In children, polyps can form even with a completely healthy body. Therefore, the probability of getting the disease is a genetic predisposition, unfavorable environmental conditions and malnutrition. Anal canal polyps can also appear with alcohol abuse.

Symptoms of the disease

Polyps located in the anus do not have any pronounced clinical symptoms that could immediately indicate the presence of a disease in humans. The severity of symptoms depends directly on the size of the neoplasms, location, quantity, structural features, the presence or absence of malignant cells. Often the formation of polyps is accompanied by symptoms of various concomitant pathologies.

Large polyps may appear with mucous or bloody discharge from the anus, a feeling of discomfort and the presence of a foreign body. Sometimes people experience pain in the lower abdomen and iliac region. Neoplasms quite often contribute to the occurrence of constipation or diarrhea.

The most dangerous symptom of the disease is bleeding in the anus. Such a symptom requires immediate medical attention due to the fact that an oncological tumor can also serve as the cause of its appearance. People who have formed polyps in the posterior canal are at risk of getting very serious complications. These are malignant tumors, inflammatory diseases of the large intestine, paraproctitis disease and fissures of the rectum and colon. Therefore, if a pathology is detected, you should consult a doctor immediately.

Photo of a polyp of the rectum, directly in the anus

Diagnosis of the disease is an important stage at which it is revealed whether the existing polyps are malignant. Previously identified malignant tumors contribute to their successful removal and recovery of the patient in 90% of cases. Formations are detected during a digital examination of the anus, which reveals and excludes other pathologies, cysts and tumors. In men, this examination reveals the condition of the prostate.

In the process of instrumental research, sigmoidoscopy is used, which allows you to view the inner wall of the intestine. The rectoscope is able to detect growths at a height of up to 25 centimeters in the anus. Colonoscopy contributes to a detailed examination of the mucous membrane and the detection of inflammatory pathologies. Irrigoscopy allows you to detect polyps that are larger than 1 centimeter. This occurs as a result of x-ray examination of the large intestine using a contrast agent. Intestinal pathology can be detected using a test for occult blood found in feces, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

Anal polyps are not treated with conservative treatment. Tumor formations can be cured only by removing them. Removal of tumors occurs with the help of a special device - an endoscope, or with the help of surgical intervention.

One of the types of surgical treatment is transanal polypectomy. The method consists in excising the formations with scissors or a scalpel through the anal canal, expanded instrumentally. Transanal polypectomy can only be performed when the tumor is no deeper than 10 cm from the beginning of the anus. The anus is pre-expanded with a special mirror or retractor, then the leg of the tumor formation is crossed between two clamps. After such an operation to remove the damaged epithelium, it is sutured and monitored by an endoscope for three years after the operation.

Formations in the posterior canal, which are small in size, are removed by electroexcision during endoscopy. The leg of the polyp is covered with a special loop electrode and clamped. Electric current prevents bleeding and seals wounds. Large tumors are removed in parts. After complete removal, a control histological examination is performed.. This test checks the body for the presence of cancer cells. If any are found, the question is raised about the use of resection on the affected area of the intestine. Familial or diffuse polyposis found in the patient's anus is treated with total bowel resection and subsequent junction of the ileum and posterior canal.

Disease prevention

To reduce the risk of benign tumor formations that can turn into malignant tumors, you should eat a balanced diet, lead an active lifestyle and undergo periodic examinations for the presence of inflammatory diseases in the body. Early detection of this disease can significantly reduce the risk of colon cancer and facilitate its treatment. Therefore, the prevention of anal canal polyps is, first of all, the prevention of malignant tumor formations of the large intestine.

Collapse

Unfortunately, the appearance of a polyp is not always accompanied by any symptoms. At the initial stage, when the neoplasm is very small in size, it is possible to detect it only with the help of special studies of the intestine, one of which is. If the condition of the mucous membranes of the rectum was started and a large polyposis accumulation formed, then it can provoke the release of a small amount of blood (scarlet or red) and mucus in the feces. The temperature of the human body remains within the normal range and increases only during inflammation of the tumor-like neoplasm.

The main method of treatment is the removal of polyps. This does not even require a full-fledged operation. It is enough during the colonoscopy procedure to remove the neoplasm with a colonoscope. In some cases, bleeding develops, which is eliminated by an additional procedure to stop the blood. Before a colonoscopy, the patient must adhere to a certain one, which contributes to a less painful procedure, and also prevents the development of complications.

The secondary development of a polyp in the same place within two years is observed in 13% of patients. Detection of polyps in other parts of the large intestine occurs in 7% of cases.

To detect polyps at the earliest stages, the following diagnostic methods are also used:

. The main tool with which the examination is carried out is a special tube equipped with a camera. It allows you to get detailed information about the state of the internal mucous membranes of the intestine, starting from the anus and reaching 25 cm. Using a proctoscope, you can not only detect polyps, but also remove them during the procedure;
. The method allows for complex visualization of the large intestine. As well as sigmoidoscopy, during the examination, various pathologies of the intestinal mucosa can be detected and polyps can be removed. Using an electrode with a loop, the endoscopist cuts off the neoplasm and, in order to avoid bleeding, cauterizes the site of its growth. To determine the nature of the polyp, it is sent for histological examination;
. Allows you to identify neoplasms, the size of which exceeds 1 centimeter. To obtain the results of the study, a contrast agent is injected into the rectum, then a series of images records the progress of this substance through the intestines.

Prevention of polyp formation

The causes of polyps, according to most doctors, are:

genetic predisposition to the formation of polyps;
disorders that occur during fetal development during the formation of the intestinal walls;
inflammatory processes occurring in the intestines, for example, enteritis, colitis, dysentery;
irregular meals;
abuse of fried, fat-rich food of animal origin and lack of the required amount of vegetable fiber;
unfavorable ecological situation;
alcohol abuse.

A colon polyp is a benign tumor-like neoplasm that grows from the glandular epithelium of the colon mucosa. Polyps can have a variety of shapes: spherical, mushroom-shaped, branched, worm-shaped, etc.

In the process of many years of clinical observations, it was found that a polyp can degenerate into a malignant tumor. Therefore, this neoplasm is classified as a number of precancerous diseases.

This disease has similar symptoms to hemorrhoids, so polyps are often confused with internal inflamed hemorrhoidal bumps. In addition, some experts argue that the polyp contributes to the development of hemorrhoids. But is it? We propose to understand.

The exact causes of the formation of polyps have not yet been identified, but there are several main factors leading to their appearance:

Why do polyps appear?

According to the statistics of the American Association of Oncologists, every tenth inhabitant of our planet older than 45 suffers from colon polyps, and in every hundredth patient the disease transforms into a malignant tumor. But it was also noticed that with early diagnosis and timely removal of colonic polyps, the survival rate is 90%.

Today, several theories of the appearance of colon polyps have the right to life, but the following are considered the most plausible:

chronic inflammation of the colon mucosa, since many patients have a history of chronic, non-specific ulcerative colitis,;
chronic irritation of the colon mucosa, which is observed with prolonged or diarrhea, as well as in persons who practice anal sex.

Chronic irritation and inflammation of the large intestine is expressed by rapid aging and constant renewal of the cellular composition, resulting in a failure in cell division and the formation of polypous formations.

A number of factors have also been identified that contribute to the development of polyps in the intestine, namely:

improper and unbalanced diet. People whose diet is dominated by high-calorie animal products, fried and spicy dishes are more susceptible to this disease. The lack of vegetables, fruits, cereals, that is, those products that contain vegetable fiber, also occupies an important place in the formation of colon polyps;
diseases of the digestive tract of an inflammatory nature with a chronic course, which we talked about earlier;
chronic constipation;
taking drugs that irritate the colon mucosa;
unhealthy lifestyle (alcohol abuse, smoking);
genetic predisposition. The risk of developing polyps in the colon is increased in those individuals whose close relatives suffered from this disease;
sedentary lifestyle. Lack of physical activity and sedentary work contribute to disruption of the intestines, resulting in constipation, which is an etiopathogenetic factor in the development of polyps;
body aging . Colon polyps mainly affect people over 45 years of age.

What are colon polyps?

Colon polyps are usually classified according to the number and structure of cells.

If one or more polyps are found in the colon, then they speak of single or multiple polyps. In the case when the entire large intestine is affected by polyposis tumors, this indicates diffuse polyposis.

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According to the qualitative composition of cells and the shape of polyps, they can be as follows:

glandular;
villous;
glandular-villous;
jagged;
hyperplastic;
hamartoma;
tubular;
tubular-villous;
cystic-granulating;
fibrous;
Peitz-Gigers polyps;
inflammatory.

The above classification is based on which cells make up the polyp, since the basis of this formation is always epithelial cells, but cells of connective, glandular and other tissues may also be present.

The glandular and fibrous polyps are considered the most aggressive, since they often degenerate into.

How do colon polyps appear?

The symptomatology of the polyp of the large intestine directly depends on the localization of the formation, as well as on their cellular composition and shape.

The most common symptom of colon polyps is rectal bleeding, which mostly looks like streaks of blood in the stool.

Other pathological impurities, such as mucus and pus, may also be present in the feces. This symptom is most characteristic of the villous form of the polyp.

Small polyps do not interfere with the passage of feces through the colon, but if their size becomes significant, then constipation may occur. Also, such polyps will cause a painful urge to defecate, a feeling of a foreign body in the anus, a feeling of incomplete emptying of the straight line. In some cases, intestinal irritation will manifest itself as diarrhea.

The clinical picture of colon polyps does not have any specific symptoms, so it is almost always necessary to carry out differential diagnosis with other diseases of the digestive tract, primarily with hemorrhoids.

Colon polyp and hemorrhoids: what is the difference?

Consider the main differences between a colon polyp and hemorrhoids.

The course of a colon polyp is in most cases asymptomatic, and with hemorrhoids, the disease may not manifest itself in any way only at the initial stage.
Polyps are detected mostly by chance during endoscopic examination of the colon for other diseases, and hemorrhoids almost always have pronounced symptoms.
In cases where a colon polyp is manifested by constipation, diarrhea, tenesmus, sensation of a foreign body in the rectal canal, etc., patients think that they have appeared, which they try to treat on their own with ointments, suppositories or folk methods. Only a specialist in the process of conducting special (anoscopy, sigmoidoscopy,) can distinguish internal hemorrhoids from a polyp.
although they have similar symptoms, they differ significantly in origin and methods of treatment. Hemorrhoids are varicose veins of the rectum and anorectal region, and a polyp is a benign neoplasm that develops from the colon epithelium.
Most often, internal hemorrhoids and polyps are confused, since both pathological processes are located inside the rectum.
With internal hemorrhoids, the leading symptom is severe pain in the anus during bowel movements, which is not typical for polyps.
Also, with internal hemorrhoids in the later stages, it is observed that they bleed, become inflamed, and are infringed. Polyps very rarely fall out of the anus, and if this happens, then it is almost impossible to distinguish these diseases on your own.

Given the similarity of hemorrhoids and colon polyps, we strongly recommend that if you identify the above symptoms, contact a proctologist, and not self-medicate. Early diagnosis of a colon polyp allows you to completely remove it and eliminate the risk of developing cancer.

What tests are used in the diagnosis of colon polyps?

Colon polyps are diagnosed and treated by specialists such as a proctologist, a coloproctologist and a gastroenterologist.

The most effective method for diagnosing polyps, which allows you to detect the smallest changes in the colon, is fibrocolonoscopy.

The method is performed using a special endoscopic apparatus, which has the form of a flexible tube of small diameter with a lighting device and is inserted into the intestine through the anus.

The inner surface of the large intestine can be viewed directly through the eyepiece of a colonoscope or on a computer screen where information is transmitted. Due to the flexibility of the device, all the bends and narrow sections of the intestine can be studied.

Experts recommend that healthy people over 50 undergo fibrocolonoscopy once a year. Persons with severe heredity (cases of polyposis and intestinal cancer in close relatives) need to carry out this procedure once a year, even at a young age.

In addition to fibrocolonoscopy, the diagnostic algorithm for a colon polyp may include the following studies:

examination of feces for occult blood;
gemmoccult test (a modern screening method for detecting occult blood in the feces, which is currently only available in Europe. It allows you to detect the minimum amount of blood in the feces. This test is a strip of filter paper soaked in a solution of guaiacol resin. A little feces is applied to one half of the test, and on another reagent, and if the color of the paper turns blue, then this indicates the presence of blood in the feces);
general examination of feces (coprogram);
rectal digital examination (the doctor probes the inner surface of the rectum for 5-6 cm with his fingers and can reveal in this way a convex formation, which can be either a polyp or an enlarged hemorrhoidal vein. This method is performed for all patients who apply for an appointment with a doctor - proctologist or surgeon when there are complaints of pain in the anus, itching in the anus, sensation of a foreign body in the rectum, etc.);
irrigoscopy (examination of the intestine using a contrast that is injected through the anus and visualized on a fluoroscope or radiograph);
sigmoidoscopy (examination of the rectum and sigmoid colon using a sigmoidoscope, which is a metal tube equipped with a lighting device and lenses. This device also allows you to take material for histological examination, since special forceps for biopsy can be inserted into it).

How to treat colon polyps?

Unfortunately, conservative therapy for polyps is powerless, so the only effective and radical treatment in this case is surgical removal.

Today, there are a fairly large number of surgical techniques, the choice of which depends on the localization of the formation in the large intestine, its shape, size, prevalence and cellular composition, as well as the presence of complications.

To remove small single polyps, an endoscopic technique is used, during which a fibrocolonoscope equipped with an electrode in the form of a loop is inserted into the anus. During the operation, a loop is placed on the pedicle of the polyp and it is excised using a charge that is passed through this electrode.

Large polyps are divided into parts and removed as described above.

This method of treatment of colon polyps is minimally invasive and less traumatic, since it does not cause severe pain, is well tolerated by patients and does not require long-term rehabilitation. Literally 24 hours after the procedure, the patient can return to their normal lifestyle and performance of their professional duties.

Also, with single polyps of small sizes, such modern surgical methods as laser coagulation, electrocoagulation or radio wave surgery can be used.

Special electrodes are inserted into the colon through the colonoscope, after which a beam of laser or radio waves is directed at the polyp, which destroy it. Moreover, with such techniques, the risk of damage to healthy intestinal tissues is maximally excluded.

Removal of polyps using electrocoagulation makes the procedure bloodless, since the blood vessels supplying the polyp are cauterized with an electric charge.

With any type of surgical treatment of polyps, material is taken for histological and cytological examination, which allows you to determine the quality of the cells and identify the malignancy of the process, that is, degeneration into cancer.

With diffuse intestinal polyposis, the above methods are ineffective, therefore, it is carried out classical laparotomy with the removal of the affected area of the intestine.

Patients who had polyps removed should be registered with a coloproctologist and undergo a follow-up examination twice a year for two years after surgery.

If the malignancy of the polyp was established during the histological examination, then during the first year the patient is examined with the help of fibrocolonoscopy once a month and every quarter during the second year.

Is it possible to treat colon polyps with folk methods?

Once again, the only treatment that allows you to completely get rid of colon polyps and eliminate the development of colon cancer is a surgical method.

Treatment with folk remedies can be carried out only after consultation with a specialist and in the presence of small polyps, which have a minimal risk of malignancy. Also, folk remedies can be used during rehabilitation after surgical treatment of colon polyps.

Consider simple and effective traditional medicine methods that can be used for colon polyps.

A decoction of burdock: 15 grams of dry extract of burdock herb is poured with one glass of boiling water and boiled over low heat for 10 minutes, after which it is allowed to brew for 30-40 minutes. The finished infusion must be filtered through gauze or a sieve and taken 60 ml three times a day 15 minutes before meals.
Decoction of viburnum: 30 grams of fresh viburnum berries are poured into a small saucepan and poured with one glass of boiling water, after which they are boiled over low heat for 10-12 minutes. The decoction is taken chilled, 60 ml three times a day, 10-15 minutes before meals. Kalina is rich in antioxidants and substances that prevent cancer.
Decoction of celandine herb : 5 grams of dry extract of celandine herb should be poured with 300 ml of boiling water, cover the pan with a lid and boil over low heat for 10 minutes. The broth is removed from the fire and filtered through gauze. It is recommended to take 30 ml of this medicine in the morning and in the evening 15 minutes before meals.
Tincture of the golden mustache: 16 rings of the golden mustache are finely chopped and placed in a glass bottle, after which two glasses of high-quality vodka are added. The tincture must be infused in a place where the sun's rays do not penetrate for two weeks. The finished medicine is taken orally 5 ml three times a day before meals.
Celandine juice: 1 teaspoon of freshly squeezed celandine juice is diluted with 4 cups of boiled water at room temperature. With this solution, cleansing enemas are done once a day at bedtime for two weeks. Two weeks later, the course of treatment is repeated, only 15 ml of celandine juice is taken per liter of water. The field of which in two weeks again conduct a course of enemas.
Camphor oil and honey: you need to mix thoroughly 10 grams of camphor oil and liquid honey with 6 drops of an alcoholic solution of iodine. The resulting mixture is used for rectal liners. To do this, a cotton pad is impregnated with the specified mass and injected into the anus at night. In the morning, the liner will come out naturally with a bowel movement. The course of treatment is 10 days.
Egg yolks and pumpkin seeds: boiled yolks from seven eggs should be mixed with 50 grams of crushed pumpkin seeds until a homogeneous consistency, after which two cups of sunflower oil are added to the resulting mass and the mixture is boiled in a water bath. Store the medicine in the refrigerator and take one teaspoon daily on an empty stomach in the morning. After 5 days of break, you can repeat the treatment.

How can polyps be prevented?

There is no specific prevention of colon polyps. But you can protect yourself from such a disease using the following principles:

proper and healthy nutrition, which consists in the exclusion of food from fast food, high-calorie foods, limiting fried and spicy foods, smoked meats, canned food, convenience foods and sweets. Vegetables, fruits, cereals, dairy and sour-milk products, greens, lean meats, fish and poultry must be present in the daily diet.
drinking enough liquid - 1.5-2.5 liters per day;
healthy lifestyle. Stop smoking and alcohol abuse;
maintaining an active lifestyle. Cycling, swimming, running or just walking in the fresh air will reduce the risk of not only the appearance of polyps, but also many other diseases;
passing a preventive colonoscopy once a year after 50 years and at an earlier age if close relatives have polyps or colon cancer;
if you have symptoms such as pain and discomfort in the rectum, constipation or diarrhea, rectal bleeding, tenesmus, sensation of a foreign body in the anus, etc., you should definitely consult a proctologist or coloproctologist.

Colon polyps

HOW TO GET RID OF POLYPS IN THE INTESTINE || folk remedies

As a result, we can say that polyps cannot directly cause hemorrhoids, since these diseases have significantly different development mechanisms. But polyps can cause constipation or diarrhea, which are etiopathogenetic factors of hemorrhoids.

Also, hemorrhoids and colon polyps have similar symptoms and can masquerade as each other. Therefore, you need to be attentive to your health and seek help from specialists in time, since only they can conduct a high-quality differential diagnosis of these diseases. In addition, hemorrhoids never degenerate into cancer, unlike polyps.