December 12th this day in history
Established by decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 19, 1994. In 2005, Constitution Day of the Russian Federation was included in the list of memorable dates in Russia.
The Constitution is the fundamental law of the state, which proclaims and guarantees the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, defines the foundations of the social system, the form of government and territorial structure, as well as the foundations of the organization of central and local authorities.
It was adopted in a referendum that took place on December 12, 1993. 58.2 million people took part in the plebiscite (54.8% of those included in the voting lists). 32.9 million voters (58.4%) voted for the adoption of the Constitution. The Basic Law officially came into force on the day of its publication - December 25, 1993.
The first Constitution in our country appeared on July 10, 1918. In 1925, the new Constitution of the RSFSR was put into effect. 11 years later, in 1936, a new one, the so-called “Stalinist” one, was adopted. The last Constitution of the USSR, which was in force until the collapse of the Union, came into force in 1978.
38 years ago (1979), the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee officially decided to send Soviet troops into Afghanistan.
After the overthrow of the monarchy in Afghanistan in 1973, civil war began in the country. In 1978, the People's Democratic Party came to power. Attempts by the new leadership of the country to carry out reforms, as well as
foreign interference in the internal affairs of Afghanistan led to a new round of civil war. By 1979, the situation had become so complicated that the Afghan government turned to the USSR with a request to send military units to the country.
The resolution to provide military assistance to the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan was adopted on the basis of the Soviet-Afghan Treaty of Friendship, Good Neighborhood and Cooperation, signed on December 5, 1978.
The first units of the Soviet army entered Afghanistan on December 25, 1979. During the 10 years of the USSR's presence in the country, about 620 thousand officers, warrant officers, sergeants and soldiers served in the military, of which 546 thousand were direct participants in hostilities. Almost 15 thousand Soviet troops were killed, dozens went missing, and almost 54 thousand were injured. The last soldier left Afghanistan on February 15, 1989.
145 years ago (1872) the Museum of Applied Knowledge (now the Polytechnic Museum) was opened in Moscow.
It was established by decree of Emperor Alexander II in October 1870. The following year, 500 thousand rubles were allocated from the state treasury to create a museum and build a building for it.
The basis of the Museum of Applied Knowledge was the exhibits of the Polytechnic Exhibition, which took place in Moscow from June to October 1872 and was timed to coincide with the 200th anniversary of the birth of Emperor Peter I. On December 12, 1872, the museum received its first visitors in a temporary building on Prechistenka Street. In 1907, a permanent building for the museum was built on New Square.
In the middle of the 20th century, the Polytechnic Museum became a center not only of scientific knowledge, but also the main cultural and educational platform. Poets and writers spoke here, in particular Robert Rozhdestvensky, Bulat Okudzhava and other representatives of the “sixties” movement.
The Polytechnic Museum is one of the largest technical museums in Russia. Its collections contain more than 200 thousand museum objects, and the Central Polytechnic Library, which is part of the museum, contains more than 3 million books and printed publications.
In 2013, the building of the Polytechnic Museum was closed for reconstruction, which is planned to be completed by 2019. But the museum continues to work: in pavilion No. 26 at VDNKh a new exhibition of the museum “Russia Does Itself” was opened, in the Technopolis “Moscow” on the territory of the former AZLK in Tekstilshchiki museum collections and a Polytechnic library are located, and in the ZIL Cultural Center there is a lecture hall and scientific laboratories for children.
200 years ago (1817) the grand opening of the Moscow Manege took place.
It was erected by order of Alexander I in honor of the fifth anniversary of the victory in the Patriotic War of 1812. The building was built according to the design of engineer Augustin Betancourt by a special staff of engineers and architects subordinate to the chief inspector of hydraulic and earthworks in Moscow, Major General Lev Carbonier. Initially, the building was called “exertzirgauz” (house for military exercises) and was intended for training cavalry troops.
Since 1831, concerts and folk festivals, and later concerts and balls, began to be held in the Manege. After the October Revolution, a government garage was placed in the building. In 1957 it was converted into the Central Exhibition Hall.
In March 2004, the Manege building was seriously damaged by fire. It was restored by the studio of architect Pavel Andreev from the Mosproekt-2 bureau.
On December 12, 1792, in Vienna, 22-year-old Ludwig van Beethoven received his first music lesson from F. Haydn.
On this day in 1863, a water supply system appeared in the northern capital of Russia. Before this, St. Petersburg residents used wells or water carriers. About 400 thousand residents of the central part of the city received the opportunity to use the water supply. Each of them was entitled to 43 liters of water per day. For a very reasonable price: from 8 to 12 kopecks per 100 buckets. By the way, even in tsarist times the water was turned off for non-payment. More precisely, they stopped delivering it. A monument to a water carrier pulling a barrel now adorns the entrance to the Water Pipe Museum. Already in our time it opened in the first St. Petersburg water tower, at 56 Shpalernaya Street...
On December 12, 1870, Joseph Rainey became the first black member of the US House of Representatives, and exactly 36 years later, on the same day in 1906, Oscar Strauss, being appointed Secretary of Commerce, became the first Jew to join the US government.
On this day in 1893, one Cornel Adams of Augusta, Georgia, patented aerial photography. His method of photogrammetry made it possible to create maps based on several photographs of the area taken from different points.
On December 12, 1897, the Katzenhammer Brothers comics first appeared in the New York Journal, which continues to be published today, being the longest-running comic book series in the world.
On this day in 1899, American dentist George Grant patented the golf peg. Before this, golfers made their own “tee” by building a mound of dirt.
On December 12, 1911, the capital of India was moved from Calcutta to Delhi. According to the Archaeological Survey of India, Delhi is home to 60,000 monuments of world significance dating back more than several thousand years.
On this day in 1913, the Florentine authorities announced the discovery of Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa (La Gioconda), stolen from the Louvre in 1911.
On December 12, 1916, deputy of the Russian State Duma, leader of the Black Hundred monarchists Vladimir Purishkevich bought weights and chains at the market. It was he, as a participant in the conspiracy against Grigory Rasputin, who prepared the necessary equipment to throw the corpse into the hole and drown it there. The conspirators, as it seemed to them, were saving the tsarist government and Russia in general.
On this day in 1925, the Motel Hotel was opened in the United States, giving the name to all hotels of this type - motels.
On December 12, 1930, the USSR adopted a decree according to which 30 categories of the population were declared “disenfranchised” (they were deprived of civil rights).
On this day in 1937, the first elections to the Supreme Soviet took place in the Soviet Union - “universal, direct, equal, by secret ballot,” as propaganda boasted. “These were not just elections,” said the short course on the history of the party, “but a great holiday, a triumph of the Soviet people, a demonstration of the great friendship of the peoples of the USSR.” The morning issue of Literaturnaya Gazeta published a letter from Alexei Tolstoy to his voters under the heading “Our path is straight and clear.” It said that “the great Stalin is leading us to the shining heights of communism... This day is not far off... For the sake of this red day we all live and we will give all our strength to it.” In fact, the elections were a mocking comedy because there was only one candidate on each ballot. Voters were given a ballot and an envelope, forced to go into a booth and told to seal the envelope. Of course, it was possible to cross out the candidate, but, firstly, this would still not change anything, and secondly, there were some people standing at the polling station, escorting the voter to the booth, and the person was afraid to stay there for an extra second. He put the ballot in an envelope, sealed it as instructed, and put it in a ballot box, at which stood two pioneers who gave each voter a pioneer salute. Such “elections” took place for another fifty years - without envelopes and pioneers, but with the same “election from one” procedure.
On December 12, 1939, the Finnish army defeats the Soviet Union at the Battle of Tolvaervi. This was Finland's first major victory in the Soviet-Finnish War.
On this day in 1941, the Sovinformburo transmitted the message “The failure of the German plan to encircle and capture Moscow.” The message said: “From November 16, 1941, German troops, having deployed 13 tank, 33 infantry and 5 motorized infantry divisions against the Western Front, launched a second general attack on Moscow... Until December 6, our troops fought fierce defensive battles... December 6 1941, the troops of our Western Front, having exhausted the enemy, went on a counter-offensive. From December 6 to 10, units of our troops occupied and liberated over 400 settlements from the Germans. As a result, from November 16 to December 10, they were captured and destroyed, without taking into account the actions aviation: tanks - 1,434, vehicles - 5,416, guns - 575, mortars - 339, machine guns - 870. German losses during this time amounted to over 85 thousand killed."
On December 12, 1946, Procter & Gamble delighted housewives across the country by releasing Tide laundry detergent.
On this day in 1955, Christopher Cockerell, a British radio engineer and prolific inventor who developed radar and other military electronics during the war and became fascinated with naval engineering during peacetime, filed a patent application for a peripheral nozzle circuit for a ship's air cushion. This was a fundamentally new design with air jets pumped from the circumference of the bottom to its center, several times increased the “lifting force” of the air cushion and for the first time made vessels of this type practically suitable. In 1959, on the 50th anniversary of Louis Blériot's first flight across the English Channel, a 4-ton Cockerell hovercraft with a crew of three sailed from France to England, traveling at a speed of about 50 km/h. Having reached the coast, he, “not noticing” that the water beneath him had already ended, continued his path over solid soil for some time.
On December 12, 1979, the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee discussed the situation in Afghanistan and, at the proposal of a special commission (Yuri Andropov, Dmitry Ustinov, Andrei Gromyko, Boris Ponomarev), decided to provide military assistance to this country by sending Soviet troops into its territory. The next day, a task force under the leadership of Army General Sergei Akhromeyev was sent to Tashkent and Termez to organize the deployment of troops. On December 25, at noon Moscow time, the troops received a directive to cross the state border. The deployment of troops began 3 hours later. The introduction of formations and units of the 40th Army into the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan was carried out in three directions: through Kushka, Termez and Khorog. On December 27, the Zenit special forces stormed the Topayi-Tajbek Palace, during which President Amin was killed. Babrak Karmal became the new head of state. It was widely believed that a “limited contingent of Soviet troops” should enter Afghanistan in order, on the one hand, to assist the Afghan leadership in protecting the gains of the so-called “April Revolution”, and on the other, to forestall the reactionary forces and not allow them to establish their own order in this country. The war ended after more than 9 years. On February 15, 1989, the last columns of Soviet troops left Afghanistan. The last to cross the Friendship Bridge on the border Pyanj River was the commander of the 40th Army, General Boris Gromov.
On this day in 1980, American philanthropist Armand Hammer purchased Leonardo da Vinci's original Codex Leicester, written by the artist and inventor in 1506-10. For this purchase he paid 4.5 million dollars.
On December 12, 1982, $11 million was stolen from the safes of the Sentry cash-in-transit company - the largest robbery in New York history.
On this day in 1989, the Second Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR began.
As we remember, the goalie scored the first goal in the NHL in 1979. But Bill Smith didn't abandon her. But when the same thing was supposed to happen! And it happened. Ron "Hacks" Haxtall scored two goals as a goalie for the Philadelphia Flyers in the late 1980s. The first time this happened was on December 12, 1987, in a regular tournament match against the Boston Bruins, and the second time was on April 11, 1989, in a playoff game with the Washington Capitals. Both goals were scored in the style of Michel Plasset: in the last minutes, on horseback, into an empty net...
On December 12, 1991, the Supreme Council of the RSFSR denounced the Union Treaty of 1922 and recalled deputies from the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
In Russia it is Constitution Day. On December 12, 1993, the current Basic Law of Russia was adopted in a popular referendum. But at the same time, elections to the first composition of the Federal Assembly took place, which turned into a triumph for Vladimir Zhirinovsky. The celebration of the “political New Year” at the Ostankino television center turned out to be hopelessly ruined. The authorities did everything to ensure that the pro-Kremlin bloc “Russia’s Choice” won, but already the first results received by the Central Election Commission indicated that the people showed a big fig to the authorities. Everyone was in shock until one of the writers stepped onto an impromptu stage and exclaimed: “Russia, you’ve gone crazy!” At this point, the television broadcast was quickly closed.
On December 12, 1998, American karateka San Yun Li broke 1051 slabs in one hour - a world record.
NewsPeople in Russia love holidays, because it’s a reason to get together with loved ones, and it’s an extra day off. They love it very much. But they don’t always know, what exactly are we celebrating? For example, what is the holiday in Russia? Let's figure it out.
history of the holiday
Therefore, the correct answer to the question: “December 12 - what holiday in Russia?” would be Constitution Day.
This document established the fact that Russia is a democratic state that values and respects human rights and freedoms.
On the day when the main document turned 20 years old (this happened in 2013), the President of the Russian Federation announced that the elderly, women, expecting or already having children, who committed a non-violent crime, were given the opportunity of amnesty.
Constitution Day exists not only in the Russian Federation. It is celebrated in all countries where this important document is in force. It is celebrated in Andorra, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Denmark, Kazakhstan, North Korea, Norway, Panama, the Seychelles, the USA, Tajikistan, Ukraine, Uruguay and Japan.
In Japan, on this day you can visit the Parliament building; the country organizes lectures on the significance of the document for the state.
The constituent entities of the Russian Federation also have their own Constitution Days. They are celebrated by Bashkortostan, Dagestan, Kalmykia, Tatarstan and Chuvashia.
What happened before?
The question naturally arises: was there no Constitution in our country before? There was, only this was the first version was adopted in 1936, it took place on December 5th. And until 1977, this particular day was a holiday.
Then, on October 7, a new document was adopted, which was called the “Constitution of Developed Socialism,” and the celebration was moved to another date. It was decided to continue the tradition of celebration, established back in Soviet times, in the Russian Federation.
December 12 is a holiday in Russia. Are we resting or not?
In 1994, this day was established as a day off by a corresponding document. And so it was until amendments were made to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation in December 2004, which made significant changes to the country’s holiday calendar. Since 2005, December 12 (a holiday in Russia) is no longer a day off. This is, rather, not a holiday, but a memorable day. In many countries of the former Soviet Union it continues to be a day off, but, for example, in the USA it is not a day off.
According to sociologists, the fact that the day off was canceled had a negative impact on public opinion. Less than half of Russian citizens believe that the Constitution can really protect them.
Importance of the Constitution
This document is of great importance for the country. So big that this issue is studied even in school. And the Presidential Decree issued in 1994 confirms this idea. And, of course, children should know the answer to the question: December 12 - what is the holiday in Russia?
The Constitution is a complex and voluminous document. Respect for the state and the law in general begins with respect for the main document.
Why do you need to study it? Knowledge of the Constitution makes it possible for every person permanently residing in the country to feel not like a stranger, but a citizen who has not only responsibilities to the state, but also rights.
On the one hand, the Constitution protects citizens from the permissiveness of the Government. The relevant sections of the document define the scope of activity not only of the President, but also of the parliament and government. The authority is limited to what is stated in this document and cannot extend further.
On the other hand, the Constitution recognizes and also protects the rights and freedoms of every citizen of the country. In order for people to have the opportunity to remember this, the holiday of December 12 was established in Russia, which previously for many was nothing more than an additional day off, and now it goes completely unnoticed if they don’t remind you of it on TV or radio.
To be a citizen means to have not only some rights, but also guarantees that these rights will be respected. The state gives guarantees to a person. Now you know the answer to the question: December 12 - what holiday in Russia?
Kenya Independence Day
For Kenya, Independence Day is not just a holiday. The date December 12, 1963, is the liberation of the people of Kenya from the heavy oppression of the British Empire, this is a chance for the first time in centuries to build a state for Kenyans, to make the dreams of a decent life for a black man and citizen come true. Considering the special importance of the holiday, Kenyans celebrate this celebration on a special scale. They organize lavish feasts, decorate houses with national symbols, and organize folk games and festivities. A traveler who happens to attend the celebration of Kenya's Independence Day will leave in his memory an unforgettable impression of the friendliness of the Kenyans, the national cuisine and culture of this African people.
Russian Constitution Day
Constitution Day in Russia is a relatively young holiday and has been celebrated since 1993. Then, on December 12, the most important constitutional document was adopted in a referendum. Boris Yeltsin, the current president at that time, insisted on the adoption of the Constitution by direct expression of the people's will, bypassing the discredited and not sufficiently stable institution of parliamentarism. In the 20th century, Russia changed the Constitution five times, in 1918, in 1924, then the pre-war version of the Constitution was adopted in 1936, and the last Soviet Constitution was adopted in 1977. This Constitution is a fundamental document focused on the democratic development of the Russian state. It is important to remember that the Constitution of the state is not a formal set of laws, but a kind of binding document, the framework of the legal system of the state. Every day the Constitution works and operates, ensuring the interaction of all spheres and concepts of modern society and the state. Knowledge of the Constitution by citizens of the country is the key to the balance of the state structure, legal system and economic processes. The first copy of the Constitution, also called the official or inaugural copy, is kept in the Residence of the Head of the Russian State. The document is made of red leather, it contains the state emblem of the Russian Federation, as well as a gold embossed inscription - the Constitution of Russia. Currently, the date December 12 is not a day off, according to the amendment of the State Duma of the Russian Federation dated December 24, 2004.
Neutrality Day of Turkmenistan
On December 12, 1995, the UN General Assembly session approved a resolution recognizing Turkmenistan as a state with permanent neutrality, based on the will of the Turkmen people and government. With this decision, the young country wishes to emphasize its desire for peaceful coexistence with all peoples of the earth and undertakes not to interfere in the internal affairs of other countries. From now on, in Turkmenistan, the date December 12 is considered a public holiday.
Day of the Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine
Every year on December 12, Ukraine celebrates Ground Forces Day, based on the decree of the President of Ukraine, which was signed on October 18. 1997. Preserving the traditions of the Soviet army, the Ukrainian Ground Forces are still the most developed branch of the Ukrainian army today. They are fully equipped with modern military equipment and are in full combat readiness, and are also able to quickly respond to any threat or challenge directed against Ukraine.
Swiss Flag Day
The Swiss Confederation has existed for more than seven centuries. The independence of the state is personified by its flag; the flag of Switzerland has undergone virtually no significant changes over its centuries-old history. This is a square banner, the material is painted red, and a white cross is depicted in the center of the flag. The Swiss flag is the most unusual among European powers. The estimated time of origin of the country's flag is 1339. In ancient times, the symbols of the Swiss army were red banners; later white crosses were added to them, although the ends of the cross reached the edges of the flag. Flag Day in Switzerland is a fairly significant holiday, celebrated in all cantons of the confederation.
Day of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Mexico
This day is special in Mexico, it symbolizes the victory of Christianity in the lands of Mexico and the consolidation of Catholicism in the minds of the indigenous people. Officially celebrated since 1859, in fact since December 12, 1531. According to legend, at the beginning of the 16th century, the Virgin Mary herself appeared to the young Indian Juan Diego in the vicinity of Tepeyac Hill and gave the Indian instructions to preach the Christian faith. In honor of this event, the Basilica Church was built on the hill in honor of the Virgin of Guadalupe... The Day of the Virgin Mary of Guadalupe in Mexico is a big holiday, symbolized by the flowers that, according to legend, Juan Diego collected on the hill at the behest of the Virgin Mary.
Feast of the Nineteenth Day of the Month of Masail
An important holiday in the Arab world, translated as “questions”, has deep religious roots. Celebrated on December 12, it marks the opening of a peculiar month of “fasting”, according to the nineteen-month calendar of the Baha'i community. The holiday also has the goal of uniting society, regardless of social and financial status. On this day, all layers of society become, as it were, one whole people. The holiday takes place in a friendly atmosphere with a show of love for each other.
Hanukkah
On December 12, Jews celebrate the so-called Feast of Candles, which begins on the twenty-fifth of the month of Kislev and lasts more than a week. The holiday immortalized the events of two thousand years ago. Namely, the struggle of the Jewish people against the Egyptian and Greek oppressors. The symbol of these events was the Temple on the Temple Mount, in which the fire in the golden menorah burned for 8 days, but there was only enough oil in it for one day. Thanks to this miracle, it was possible to stock up on the necessary amount of oil and re-consecrate the Temple. To celebrate this holiday, Jews light candles in a special order. Children are given toys and money, and are also treated to sweets.
December 12 in the folk calendar
Paramon Winter Pointer
Saint Paramon suffered for the faith along with 370 martyrs in the year 250. Christians were imprisoned by pagans, forced to renounce their beliefs and worship idols. Having learned about this, the local Christian Paramon openly opposed the cruel rulers. As punishment for such a fearless act, he and the other martyrs were beheaded. Paramon was nicknamed the Winter Signaler because on his day it was possible to predict the weather for the entire month of December. “The morning is red - December will be clear,” people said. If there was a snowstorm on that day, this weather will last until December 19th. People believed that from that day on, winter walked through the villages in bearskin, knocking on the roofs, telling women to get up, cook porridge, and heat the stoves. On Paramonov Day, forecasts were made based on snow for the next year. If there is no snow in winter, there will be no bread; if the snow is deep, it will be a good year; a lot of snow - a lot of bread. The peasants believed in such signs.
Historical events of December 12
The state of Pennsylvania is perhaps the “most democratic state” in the United States; it is not for nothing that the state’s motto is the words: “Virtue, freedom and independence.” The state was the first among North American states to pass a law on the emancipation of slaves. It was one of the original twelve founding states of the United States of America and accepted the Declaration of Independence without hesitation. And December 12, 1787 and the Constitution of the new state.
On December 12, 1905, the so-called Novorossiysk Republic was formed, the putschist self-education of which was based on proletarians, peasants and rebellious Cossacks. The ideology of this pseudo-state was based on the fight against the autocratic state system existing at that time and taking the path of building socialism. This utopian formation lasted exactly two weeks (December 12 - 26, 1905). Government troops sent to Novorossiysk to suppress the rebellion crushed the uprising literally in one day. The organizers and instigators of the coup were severely punished, and legitimate power was restored in the city.
The Indian Emperor George V announced the transfer of the capital to Delhi. The capital of India was moved several times from one city to another, and only in 1911 was it finally decided that Delhi would remain the capital of India. If you look at a map of India, you can see how Delhi seems to dominate the entire country. The city is located in the center of the northern part of the state, at the intersection of important cultural, economic and transport routes. Since ancient times, it has developed a unique metropolitan tradition and the elite of society. And most importantly, all Indian states perceive Delhi as the capital of the entire state, and not of any ethnically isolated territory.
Cities liberated on December 12, 1941 during the Moscow defensive-offensive operation by the tank brigade of Colonel A.G. Kravchenko. and the Guards Corps, Lieutenant General P.A. Belov. The city of Stalinogorsk (now Novomoskovsk) suffered greatly from the short-term German occupation, which lasted no more than seventeen days.
On December 12, 1961, American radio amateurs, with the support of NASSA, launched an amateur radio satellite into orbit, the purpose of which was the stable transmission of a telegraph signal. The satellite operated in orbit for no more than twenty-two days and stably transmitted HI HI signals at frequency 144.983.
In the period from 1901, a new sport appeared in Great Britain, table tennis, later called Ping Pong. It is believed that the founders of the game were English soldiers who were returning from service in India and Africa. The British James Gibb made a significant contribution to the development of the game; he significantly modernized the attributes for ping-pong and largely reworked the rules of table tennis. Soon the new game became so popular that on December 12, 1901, a table tennis association was formed in England. And in 1927, London hosted the first World Table Tennis Championships.
Born on December 12:
Leonid Bykov(1928 - 1979), Russian and Ukrainian actor, director.
On December 12, 1928, the outstanding Soviet and Ukrainian actor and director Leonid Bykov was born. Leonid Fedorovich had a natural talent for acting. All the roles he played were given to him so naturally and easily that the viewer believed this brilliant actor from the first moments of his appearance on camera. Famous roles; Maxim Perepelitsa - Maxim, Zaichik - Lev Zaichik, only old men go into battle - Titorenko and others. The actor loved Ukraine very much and proudly bore the title of People's Artist of Ukraine. After the death of Leonid Fedorovich, he was survived by his wife, daughter and son.
Nikolay Karamzin(1766 - 1826), Russian writer, historian and historiographer.
Until the end of his life, Nikolai Mikhailovich wrote the History of the Russian State. He began writing from very ancient times, from the time when the Slavs were first mentioned. The writer managed to bring “his History” to the period of “turmoil.” Karamzin’s colossal work includes 12 volumes of text containing high literary merit; historical sources, thoughts and opinions of domestic and European authors are analyzed and published in them.
Erasmus Darwin(1731-1802), English naturalist, physician, fortune teller, poet.
Promoted the development of evolution under the influence of external environmental factors. He was a doctor and conducted a number of experiments in physics and biology. He gained fame as a predictor, as he foresaw the scientific and technical leap of mankind. He was persecuted by the church. He was married twice and had ten children.
Vladimir Shainsky(1925) Russian and Soviet composer.
The legendary Soviet and Russian composer was born on December 12, 1925 in Kyiv. People's Artist of the RSFSR. The most talented composer of his time, he wrote and is composing music for films, cartoons, musicals, and television shows. But his main activity is aimed at creating simple, soulful music that would win the hearts of both children and adults. Shainsky's music is kind and memorable for a lifetime, for many generations.
Edvard Munch(1863-1944), artist.
Alfred WERNER(1866-1919), Swiss chemist, Nobel laureate.
Years of life: December 12, 1866 - November 15, 1919. An outstanding Swiss chemist, he made a number of important discoveries in the field of coordination chemistry. For which he was awarded the Nobel Prize.
The list of Russian holidays on December 12, 2018 will introduce you to the state, professional, international, folk, church, and unusual holidays that are celebrated in the country on this day. You can select an event of interest and learn its history, traditions and rituals.
Holidays December 12
Constitution Day of the Russian Federation
Russian Constitution Day 2018 is celebrated on December 12. This is a memorable date for the Russian Federation. The holiday is not declared an official holiday in the country. In 2018 it takes place for the 25th time. All citizens of the Russian Federation participate in the celebrations.
The holiday is dedicated to the adoption of the fundamental law of the Russian Federation. Constitution Day is of particular importance for legislators who created the document, those who voted for it, political and public figures who stood at the origins of Russian statehood and the legal structure of the country.
history of the holiday
Constitution Day is dedicated to the events of December 12, 1993, when, after long confrontations, hearings and discussions at various levels, the country's fundamental law was adopted through popular vote.
The holiday was established by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation B. Yeltsin dated September 19, 1994 No. 1926 “On Constitution Day of the Russian Federation” and enshrined in Federal Law dated March 13, 1995 No. 32-FZ “On days of military glory and memorable dates of Russia.” December 12 was declared a public holiday and a day off.
On December 24, 2004, the State Duma made changes to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, according to which December 12 became a working day starting in 2005. The Russian Constitution Day was excluded from the list of public holidays and included in the list of memorable dates.
Holiday traditions
On this day, ceremonial meetings are held at the state level. Outstanding legal figures are awarded medals, certificates of honor and memorable gifts.
The streets of populated areas are decorated with national flags and banners.
Associations of lawyers and advocates organize scientific and practical conferences, seminars at which amendments to the basic law of the Russian Federation, regulations, industry problems and ways to solve them are discussed.
Educational institutions hold thematic classes, law lessons, where students learn the main provisions of the country’s Constitution, and organize drawing and poster competitions.
Museums are preparing thematic exhibitions of photographs and documents. Social movements organize actions, distributing leaflets with quotes from articles of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Competitions are held in athletics, mini-football, and judo. Festive concerts are held in cultural institutions.
Radio and television stations broadcast programs dedicated to the Day of Adoption of the Basic Law of the country. Historical footage is shown and memoirs of political figures are heard.
Paramon Winter Pointer
The folk holiday “Paramon Winter Pointer” is celebrated on December 12 (according to the old style - November 29). In the Orthodox calendar, this is the day of honoring the memory of the martyr Paramon of Bithynia. Other names of the holiday: “Paramon”, “Paramon’s Day”, “Zornik”. According to the Julian calendar, Paramonov's day fell at the end of November and was used to guess the weather in December.
Paramon lived at the beginning of the 3rd century under the emperor Decius. In the eastern regions, ruled by Prince Aquian of Bithynia, many Christians were captured by the pagans. They were imprisoned and subjected to all sorts of tortures, forced to renounce their faith in Christ by sacrificing to idols. Paramon found out about this and openly opposed the ruler’s cruelty. As punishment for this, he was beheaded along with the other martyrs.
In Rus', Paramon was nicknamed the Winter Pointer because it was possible to predict the weather for the entire December based on his day. “The morning is red - December will be clear,” people noted. If there was a snowstorm, then such weather could last until St. Nicholas the Winter (December 19). The crimson dawn foreshadowed strong winds.
On this day, our ancestors, clearing the roofs of snow caps, said: “Paramon has come - the snow is off the roof.” Interestingly, this had to be done with a broom or broom, but in no case with a shovel - so that the roof would not become leaky. In Rus', the broom was always treated with great respect and attributed special properties to it. For example, revenge in one hut with different brooms was not allowed. It was believed that in this case wealth would disperse to the corners.
By December 12, winter usually had already come into its own and frost reigned all around. According to legend, Lady Winter herself put a bearskin on Paramon and went out to people. She walked along the streets and rooftops, knocking on windows and chimneys to wake up sleeping housewives. In winter, it’s hard to get up in the morning, but it’s necessary. There is a lot to do in the morning - light the stove, cook porridge, wake up the family and feed them something hot.
In the evening I also had to do my homework. People believed that if Winter, looking out the window, saw a lazy and careless person, he would give him a cold and fever, or even freeze him completely. In the evening, men worked on carpentry or repaired agricultural equipment, while women spun and knitted. And young unmarried girls found time to tell fortunes for their betrothed and their future wedding, and they did this without the knowledge of their household.
Based on the snow on this day, forecasts were made for the next year:
“Winter without snow means no bread”; “The snow is deep - the year is good”; “A lot of snow - a lot of bread, water will spill - there will be hay”; “Snow is a warm cover for the earth-nurse.”
