In what diseases is diarrhea a common symptom? Causes and quick ways to treat diarrhea in an adult. Diarrhea from antibiotics

Diarrhea is a syndrome in which the patient has an increase in the frequency of bowel movements, the stool becomes liquid and frequent, sometimes accompanied by spotting. In healthy people, the frequency of stools is 1-2 times a day or once every two days. The volume of feces in this case is about 300-400 grams per day.

If symptoms of diarrhea persist for up to 14 days, it is called acute diarrhea. And in the presence of diarrhea for more than two weeks, they are already talking about the development of chronic diarrhea.

The reasons

The following are the most common causes of diarrhea:

Acute intestinal infections

• dysentery;
• salmonellosis;
• cholera.

Acute viral diseases

• rotavirus infection;
• enterovirus infection;
• adenovirus infection.

Bowel disease

• ulcerative colitis;
• irritable bowel syndrome;
• oncological diseases of the intestine;
• Crohn's disease.

Disruption of the digestive process

• pancreatitis;
• celiac disease;
• lactose intolerance.

Endocrine diseases

• diabetes;
• thyrotoxicosis.

• giardiasis;
• amoebiasis.

Diarrhea after prolonged use of drugs:

• antibiotics;
• laxatives;
• preparations that lower the acidity in the stomach, containing magnesium;
• non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Traveler's diarrhea - develops with a sharp change in climate, diet, with changes in water quality.

Of course, the main symptom that unites all these diseases is diarrhea. But each disease has its own characteristics of development and additional symptoms. Let's take a closer look at the most common of them.

Features of diarrhea in various diseases

Acute intestinal infections (dysentery, salmonellosis, cholera)

They develop when contaminated food or water is consumed. Dysentery and salmonellosis develop rapidly with increasing symptoms.

Loose stools can reach 20-30 bowel movements per day. In this case, the patient develops cramping pains in the abdomen. Signs of intoxication of the body develop. The body temperature rises to febrile numbers (39-40 degrees), general weakness increases.

After emptying the intestines, there are false urges to defecate, accompanied by pain in the rectal area - tenesmus. With an increase in the frequency of stools, dehydration develops. This is manifested in dryness of the skin and oral mucosa, increased heart rate (tachycardia), and a decrease in blood pressure. There is a pronounced general weakness.

The most severe intestinal infection is cholera. Cholera is one of the most dangerous infections. When it appears, a huge number of people fall ill, pandemics develop.

The disease is characterized by an acute sudden onset. The patient develops indomitable vomiting, abundant liquid, watery stools. No abdominal pain during and after defecation. Due to the severity of diarrhea and vomiting, dehydration of the body soon develops, which is accompanied by the appearance of tachycardia, hypotension (lowering blood pressure), and convulsive syndrome. The disease often occurs without fever. The patient requires emergency medical care and isolation.

Acute respiratory diseases

Diarrhea syndrome develops with adenovirus, rotavirus and enterovirus infections. With all these infections, symptoms characteristic of the defeat of the respiratory tract develop: the patient develops a runny nose, sore throat, cough. Symptoms of intoxication appear - fever up to 38.5 degrees, increased fatigue, headache, body aches.

Also, there is a development of a lesion of the gastrointestinal tract according to the type of acute gastroenteritis - there may be vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain, loose stools. The symptoms of gastroenteritis in the patient go away on their own and the symptoms of upper respiratory tract damage come first.

Bowel disease

With bowel diseases - ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, oncological diseases of the intestine, an inflammatory process develops in the mucous membrane, erosion and ulcers occur on the mucous membrane. This leads to the release of fluid, electrolytes, and proteins into the intestinal lumen.

There are constant pains in the abdomen, there may be an increase in body temperature up to 37.5-38.0 degrees. Fecal masses are liquid with an admixture of blood, the appearance of impurities of pus is also noted. Due to chronic blood loss, the patient develops anemia (decreased hemoglobin). When examining the intestine, signs of inflammation of the mucous membrane (hyperemia, swelling) can be detected.

With irritable bowel syndrome, there are no signs of organic intestinal damage. An increase in the motor activity of the intestinal wall develops, motility increases. Food passes through the intestines at a higher speed and the liquid does not have time to be absorbed into the intestinal walls. This diagnosis is a diagnosis of exclusion, that is, it is made when no other diseases are found. Often it occurs at a young age, provoked by stress. In addition to diarrhea, there may be flatulence (bloating), slight pain in the abdomen.

Violation of the digestive processes

With exacerbations of chronic pancreatitis, the digestion process is disrupted due to an insufficient amount of pancreatic enzymes. The patient develops signs characteristic of pancreatitis - pain in the umbilical region or girdle pain, which can be extremely pronounced. Such pains are accompanied by vomiting, which does not bring relief to the patient. There is a liquid, plentiful stool, poorly washed off the walls of the toilet, due to the increased content of fat in the feces (steatorrhea). In chronic pancreatitis, diarrhea is also chronic. An increase in symptoms causes non-compliance with the diet for pancreatitis, eating fatty, smoked, spicy, alcoholic drinks. An ultrasound scan reveals signs of inflammation of the pancreas, and a blood test can reveal an increase in amylase, the enzyme responsible for inflammation of the gland.

Celiac disease develops in the absence of an enzyme responsible for the breakdown of cereals. Diarrhea is also chronic.

Lactose intolerance lacks the enzyme lactase, which is responsible for the digestion of cow's milk proteins. Diarrhea occurs after eating dairy products.

Endocrinological diseases

In endocrinological diseases, fluid absorption and intestinal motility are impaired. There is an increase in the speed of passage of food through the intestines and the liquid does not have time to be absorbed into the intestinal mucosa.

Traveler's diarrhea

It develops when changing the diet, water in people traveling to other climatic zones. The frequency of the stool can be up to ten times during the day, there may be moderate pain in the abdomen. Most often passes within 5-7 days.

Diarrhea after taking medication

It differs in that when the drugs that cause diarrhea are discontinued, the symptoms disappear on their own. You may need to take drugs that restore the intestinal microflora.

Treatment of diarrhea

Drug treatment of diarrhea is carried out in conjunction with diet (see below).

Sorbent preparations are prescribed - they contribute to the speedy removal of harmful substances from the body.

*First aid for diarrhea - "Enterosgel", a preparation in the form of a soft paste with a neutral taste. The delicate structure of this remedy does not injure the inner lining of the stomach and intestines. The porous enterosorbent, like a sponge, absorbs and reliably retains bacteria and particles of harmful substances, ensuring their removal from the body in a natural way. At the same time, the native microbiome of the gastrointestinal tract does not suffer, since it is not adsorbed by this drug.

For dehydration:

• rehydron - dilute the contents of the package in 1 liter of boiled water, use 1 liter per day until the symptoms are completely eliminated.

With increased intestinal motility, antidiarrheal drugs are used:

• imodium,
• loperamide.

Antibacterial drugs (normax, enterofuril) are used strictly according to the doctor's prescription.

• bifiform,
• linex,
• bifidumbacterin.

Treatment of diarrhea during pregnancy

With diarrhea during pregnancy, treatment should begin with a diet and take adsorbents (smecta, enterosgel) in normal dosages.

It is possible, in the presence of frequent liquid stools and vomiting, to start taking rehydron, to avoid the development of dehydration. It is recommended to take drugs that restore the intestinal microflora (bifiform, linex) in the usual dosages.

Antibacterial drugs are prescribed by a doctor.

Diet

Diet plays an important role in the treatment of diarrhea. In some cases (with lactose intolerance, celiac disease, pancreatitis), diarrhea can be eliminated only by following a diet.

All measures are aimed at reducing the mechanical and chemical effects on the intestinal mucosa. Food that is easily digested in the intestines is recommended.

Should be avoided

• salty, spicy, smoked;
• alcoholic drinks;
• conservation;
• sodas; caffeinated drinks;
• chocolate.

Pureed soups are well digested. To envelop the mucosa, it is recommended to use jelly, rice water. It is better to exclude fresh yeast bread, you can use bread in dried form (crackers).

With lactase deficiency, it is necessary to exclude dairy products.

With celiac disease, foods made from barley, oats, rye and wheat are excluded.

Diarrhea (diarrhea)- This is a frequent liquid stool. It usually happens when something causes the muscles in the digestive tract to contract too quickly (see "How Diarrhea Happens").

Most people get diarrhea from time to time, sometimes just from stress or nervousness. In some cases, diarrhea is a way for the body to get rid of something unusual. For example, if you have limited your fat intake for some time and then eat something fatty, your body may quickly respond to this with loose stools.

How does diarrhea happen?

Normally, a series of undulating muscle contractions propels food through the digestive tract. If they become too fast, the large intestine cannot absorb as much liquid from food as it should. This leads to diarrhea.

The reasons

In addition to stress and unusual food, diarrhea can be caused by:

• intestinal flu;
• caffeine, spicy food or food that irritates the intestines, such as sauerkraut;
• food poisoning, such as salmonella or staphylococcus bacteria (see "Food Poisoning");
• acute intestinal infection caused by bacteria, viruses or other microorganisms;
• syndrome of painful sensitivity of the intestine;
• prolonged inflammation of the lining of the colon (chronic ulcerative colitis);
• outgrowths on the inner surface of the digestive tract (polyps);
• cancer of the rectum or colon;
• lactose intolerance, caused by a lack of the enzyme lactase, which the body needs to digest the sugar in milk; undigested milk sugar (lactose) ferments and causes gas, cramps and diarrhea;
• certain medicines (see "Do your medicines cause diarrhea?").

Symptoms

Diarrhea can be acute or chronic; the frequency of loose stools can change from day to day and varies from person to person. The stool may be bloody, contain mucus or pus, or both.

Simultaneously with diarrhea, a person usually experiences pain or cramps in the abdomen, he may have nausea, vomiting, weakness, loss of appetite. Depending on the causes of diarrhea, the type of stool and other symptoms vary.

Symptoms of an acute intestinal infection

• suddenly occurring exclusively loose stools;
• strong odor of stool;
• painful and sensitive abdomen;
• nausea;
• chills;
• weakness;
• poor appetite;
• weight loss.

Colon Cancer Symptoms

• bloody diarrhoea, interspersed with pencil-thick stools;
• abdominal pain;
• loss of appetite;
• weight loss;
• weakness;
• depression.

Symptoms of Painful Intestinal Sensitivity

In this case, diarrhea can alternate with constipation and normal stools:

• painful, tender, or bloated abdomen;
• stomach upset;
• nausea.

Symptoms of ulcerative colitis

• recurring bloody diarrhea containing pus or mucus;
• spasmodic pain in the lower abdomen;
• mild fever;
• loss of appetite;
• sometimes nausea or vomiting.

Do your medications cause diarrhea

Diarrhea can be a side effect of many drugs, such as antibiotics, which, in particular, include drugs from the tetracycline group.

Be aware of other medications:

• antacids containing magnesium;
• birth control pills;
• colchicine - medicine for gout;
• estrogens;
• inderal, a medicine used to lower high blood pressure and some heart conditions;
• laxatives (may cause diarrhea in case of overdose);
• lanoxin - a means of stabilizing heart contractions;
• vitamin C (may cause diarrhea in overdose).

It is important! If you have diarrhea from medication, check with your doctor before taking a fixative. They can make diarrhea worse and last longer.

What to do

If the diarrhea is long and severe, check if the patient has symptoms of shock:

• rapid pulse;
• dizziness (especially when moving from a sitting to a standing position);
• cold, pale, damp skin.

If you notice even one of these symptoms, call your doctor immediately. Raise the patient's legs slightly until help arrives.

Self-treatment

If your child has diarrhea, see a doctor immediately.

In a healthy person, diarrhea usually clears up in a few days or less.

It is very important to drink plenty of fluids. Until the stool returns to normal, you need to drink 8-10 glasses of water a day. Coca-cola, coffee, milk, juices and alcohol should be avoided. You should also not swallow drinks in one gulp - this can cause spasm, which further stimulates the digestive tract.

You should eat regularly, avoiding spicy, fried, fatty foods. Limit yourself to bananas, rice, applesauce and dry bread. These products have astringent properties.

If the diarrhea lasts one to two days with plenty of fluids and an appropriate diet, you can take an antidiarrheal medicine such as Kaopectate.

Contact your doctor if:

diarrhea lasts more than 24 hours;

• the stool contains bright or dark blood or appears black (this indicates the presence of blood);
• stool very profuse;
• food poisoning is suspected.

What do doctors do

Severe or prolonged diarrhea can affect the water-salt balance in the body. This entails such life-threatening complications as arrhythmia, dehydration and shock. A person with severe diarrhea may need to be hospitalized to find out the cause. Doctors may give him intravenous fluids to combat dehydration due to excess fluid loss - especially if the patient cannot eat or drink - as well as drugs to ease bowel contractions.

What else do you need to know

If your child has diarrhea, see a doctor immediately. Why? In a young child, diarrhea can be life-threatening, as it causes dehydration due to excess loss of large amounts of fluid, convulsions, and other severe complications. If your child is under three years old and has diarrhea for more than a day, or if the stool contains blood, call your doctor immediately.

The human body is very fragile and vulnerable, especially the digestive system. Problems with the gastrointestinal tract can occur in a person of any age and gender, and the consequences can be very serious.

One of these unpleasant diseases is diarrhea.

Diarrhea (diarrhea) It's an intestinal disorder. You can classify it as a separate disease, but it would be more correct to say that diarrhea occurs after gastrointestinal disorders and is more of a symptom.

Diarrhea can be fatal, and children under two years of age are at risk if the diagnosis is not made in time, the cause of this disorder is not determined and immediate treatment is not started.

If you do not take action, dehydration occurs, which can be a danger to the life of the patient.

There are two forms of diarrhea: acute and chronic.

acute form, as a rule, begins suddenly and lasts no more than two weeks. Most often it is caused by infections that affect the gastrointestinal tract. In the acute form, two types of diarrhea can be distinguished: when it is just a liquid discharge and when it is bloody.

Chronic form diarrhea comes from more serious illnesses and can last for a long time. In this case, doctors try to extend the period of remission for the maximum period.

1. Causes of diarrhea

2. Symptoms

• Severe pain in the intestines and stomach;
• Temperature rise;
• Nausea, vomiting, bloating;
• Liquid stools that may be watery, bloody, or slimy.

If symptoms of this kind appear, you should immediately contact a specialist, an adult - no later than 2-3 days, but for a small child - already on the second, since the child's body is more vulnerable and suffers more from diarrhea.

3. Diagnostics

With the help of differential diagnosis, specialists can understand the most important thing - what is the cause of diarrhea. To make a diagnosis, an examination of the body is carried out and the symptoms are studied, since they can vary with different pathogens of diarrhea.

Doctors pay attention to the color, smell of bowel movements, how plentiful and frequent they are, but this may not be enough to prescribe an accurate treatment. Also, the patient takes tests, only by studying them in the laboratory can you find out the cause and prescribe the necessary treatment.

4. Diseases that cause diarrhea

Diarrhea syndrome can occur not only from infections or inappropriate food, but also due to some kind of illness. For example, diarrhea is caused by:

• Crohn's disease;

This disease is not always associated with the gastrointestinal tract; a patient with disorders of the nervous system may also have diarrhea. Hepatitis, disturbances in the work of the biliary tract can also manifest itself in the form of loose stools.

5. Treatment and prognosis of diarrhea

If this is a common food poisoning, a diet is prescribed, and after a couple of days the stool should improve. Hospitalization of the patient is necessary in cases when he has already disturbed the water balance due to the extent of the disease, loose bloody stools, and when he has been diagnosed with life-threatening diseases - salmonellosis or cholera.

The specialist prescribes drugs that relieve cramps and pain in the abdomen, such as Nosh-pa or Spazmalgon, and such solutions or tablets that help stop loose stools.

In the treatment of diarrhea, antibiotics are used in cases where the condition has noticeably worsened. In some cases, the patient needs additional treatment to restore the body, in which case the specialist tells which vitamins to take.

Treatment of diarrhea with folk remedies

Not always a person needs medical treatment. In cases where diarrhea is caused by a banal food infection and does not have a difficult course, it can be cured at home. The most common methods of treatment are the use of strong tea and a decoction of St. John's wort. In the second case, one should not overdo it, since St. John's wort is a herb that strongly strengthens the chair.

If the diarrhea is bloody, desiccated chicken stomachs may help. They should be ground into a powder and taken several teaspoons daily as a decoction. As a tonic, chamomile is well suited. You should not overdo it in self-medication, and if it does not help within a few days, it is recommended to go to the hospital in order to avoid complications.

Diarrhea - causes, symptoms, treatment

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Diarrhea is a symptom that manifests itself in the form of liquid frequent (more than 3 times a day) stools and is accompanied by flatulence and pain in the abdomen. It is divided into acute (which lasts up to two weeks) and chronic.

With diarrhea, the normal functioning of the gastrointestinal tract is disrupted, and this leads to the fact that the digestive process is accelerated, the stool is liquefied and the number of bowel movements increases accordingly.

Types of diarrhea

The reasons

Most often, diarrhea occurs for the following reasons:

• Bacterial infections caused by E. coli, salmonella, dysentery, food poisoning, cholera;
• Viral infections that can cause rotavirus, adenovirus, enterovirus;
• Enzymatic deficiency;
• Bowel disease;
• tumors;

• Poisoning with nitrates, heavy metals, household chemicals;
• Taking medications: antibiotics, laxative, cytostatics;
• Gastrointestinal bleeding;
• In pregnant women, hormonal changes can cause diarrhea;
• Diarrhea at 36 - 40 weeks of pregnancy may indicate that labor is approaching.

Associated symptoms

Diarrhea may be accompanied by:

What diseases can indicate

A symptom such as diarrhea may indicate the following pathologies:

• Infectious diseases: dysentery, salmonellosis;
• Endocrine diseases: thyrotoxicosis, diabetes mellitus;
• Diseases of the large intestine:, different types of colitis, polyposis;
• Hormonally active neoplasms: thyroid carcinoma, gastrinoma;
• Diseases of the small intestine: Crohn's disease, celiac disease, Whipple's disease,;
• Disorders of the stomach after resection or with atrophic or;
• or ;
• Infectious diseases: dysentery, cholera.

The color and consistency of fecal masses with diarrhea may indicate a disease:

• Feces heterogeneous with green patches and mucus indicates a viral or bacterial infection;
• Yellow feces, semi-formed indicates increased intestinal motility;
• Black diarrhea is a sign of bleeding from the stomach. It can also occur when eating products based on animal blood, blueberries, beets, or taking bismuth preparations;
• White diarrhea indicates problems with the liver or gallbladder.

Treatment of diarrhea

Treatment for diarrhea depends on what exactly caused it:

• If it is an infection, in this case it is prescribed: antibiotics, drugs that slow down peristalsis, sorbents and enzymes;
• With enzymatic deficiency: enzymes;
• With diarrhea caused by medication, antifungal drugs, eubiotics and sorbents are prescribed;
• For intestinal diseases: glucocorticoid hormones, antibiotics.

It must be remembered that diarrhea is a symptom, and the cause of its occurrence must be eliminated.

In order to quickly relieve this symptom, you can use the following medications:

Folk methods that help to quickly get rid of diarrhea:

• Black pepper. In order to stop diarrhea, you need to take 7 peppercorns and drink it with enough water;
• Vodka with salt. To prepare the product, add 80 ml of vodka, 3 g of salt, stir and drink immediately;
• Leaf tea. A pinch of black leaf tea is slowly chewed, then washed down with water;

Complications

Since diarrhea is a symptom, the danger is the disease itself, which caused it. Its consequences are.

Diarrhea (it is called the usual word "diarrhea") is an unpleasant symptom of many pathologies that have a completely different genesis and causative factor. Diarrhea is considered to be a condition characterized by frequent defecation with a change in stool parameters. With diarrhea in parallel, patients often complain of concomitant unpleasant symptoms: colic, abdominal pain, vomiting,. The greatest danger is diarrhea for children, since with diarrhea they quickly become dehydrated, which carries very serious complications, even death.

There are a number of factors that can cause diarrhea in both adults and children. These include:

• Problems with intestinal motility.
• Infectious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, which become a source of toxins in the intestines. Such diseases include: enteroviruses, cholera, food poisoning,.
• Violations in the intestinal microflora against the background of taking anticancer drugs, with HIV disease.
• Irritable bowel syndrome, which is formed with disorders of a neuropsychic nature.
• Enzyme deficiency and fermentopathy.
• Pathologies of an autoimmune nature: nonspecific ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease.
• Hereditary pathologies, which are based on intolerance to certain products or substances. Such congenital conditions include: celiac disease, pancreatitis (chronic and acute), lactose deficiency, cirrhosis of the liver.

Causes of diarrhea with blood in an adult

Diarrhea with blood can occur as a result of various factors. The admixture of blood in the feces in itself already causes anxiety in a person. The reasons for its appearance in the stool can be the following:

• diverticulitis- inflammation in the lower intestine. This cause is most common in people after 45-50 years.
• Hypodynamia- an inert lifestyle, constantly sedentary work, when a person moves little and there is a lack of movement, sedentary work.
• Ulcerative-erosive processes in the gastrointestinal tract in the upper sections, they can also provoke the appearance of blood impurities in the feces (ulcerative and in the stage of exacerbation or chronicity).
• Haemorrhoids,. In this case, the blood in the feces will be in the form of clots or streaks, and always scarlet in color, since the source of bleeding is close (the blood simply does not have time to clot). In parallel with this symptom, the patient feels discomfort, pain in the anus, itching, burning, etc., but diarrhea will be a sign of concomitant pathology, but the appearance of blood is evidence of hemorrhoids.
• . It can provoke both the appearance of diarrhea in the patient, and the presence of blood in the stool.
• Bleeding. Diarrhea with blood in an adult may indicate internal bleeding in the stomach, esophagus, duodenum. In this case, the chair will be dark in color, "tarry". The cause of bleeding can be: cirrhosis of the liver, peptic ulcer, stomach cancer, varicose veins of the esophagus.
• Chronic pathologies in the form of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis often provoke the appearance of blood streaks (bright) and clots in the stool.
• Infectious diseases. If diarrhea with blood is accompanied by fever, colic, abdominal pain, then you should definitely seek medical help. This clinic can be observed with dangerous diseases that require immediate treatment: salmonellosis, dysentery, etc.

Types of diarrhea

Regarding the course of diarrhea, it happens:

• chronic, when diarrhea persists for a three-week period;
• acute, in which diarrhea disappears up to 3 weeks.

Based on the mechanism of development, diarrhea is classified as follows:

• hypokinetic- with it, the feces are mushy or liquid, there are few of them, there is a fetid odor - all this is the result of a reduced speed of food moving through the intestines;

• hypersecretory - diarrhea is watery and profuse, which is the result of increased excretion of salts and water into the intestines;
• hyperkinetic - loose stools or loose stools mushy, formed with an increase in the speed of movement of digested food through the intestines;

• hyperexudative- it is formed when liquid seeps into the intestinal lumen, which in most cases is already inflamed, such diarrhea is characterized by watery, but not abundant stools, in which blood and mucus may be present.
• osmolar - this is diarrhea as a result of a decrease in the absorption of salts and water by the intestinal walls, in which there can be a lot of bowel movements, they are fatty and contain the remains of undigested food.

diarrhea symptoms

Diarrhea can be accompanied by a number of other signs, which ultimately allows the doctor to differentiate the patient's illness from a number of others based on the current clinical picture. In particular, diarrhea can be:

• quickened stool;
• fecal incontinence;
• foul-smelling stools;
• color change;
• liquid watery or mushy consistency of stools;
• the presence in the stool of the remnants of semi-digested food;
• admixture of blood;
• the presence of mucus.

In parallel, the patient may experience additional symptoms of diarrhea:

• rise in body temperature (from 37 to 40C);
• (may have a spasmodic, dull, pulling, cutting character).

With profuse diarrhea, dehydration often occurs, the symptoms of which will be:

• weakness in the body;
• thirst;
• dry mucous membranes;
• decrease in blood pressure numbers;
• dizziness;
• tachycardia;
• fainting state;
• "flies" before the eyes;
• cachexia is an extreme degree of dehydration.

In childhood, the causes of diarrhea are slightly different than in adults. Very often they are associated with malnutrition and intestinal infections. Diarrhea in children can occur as a result of such reasons:

Important: often in children, diarrhea is the result of indigestion of certain types of foods or their quantities. The inability of the child's gastrointestinal tract to digest and assimilate this or that food is manifested by diarrhea after taking it. In this case, the rejection of this food is the treatment of the disease.

Diarrhea in infants may have several other causes due to the characteristics of its nutrition (breast or artificial feeding). These include:

• untimely introduction of complementary foods (very early);
• artificial feeding;
• the introduction of the wrong products in the form of complementary foods;
• non-compliance with the required interval between the introduction of a new product;
• infection with intestinal infections;
• large portions of complementary foods;
• intolerance to the introduced products;
• the use of some food by the nursing mother;
• lactase deficiency, in which diarrhea in those who are charmed is observed from the first days of life;
• cystic fibrosis - characterized by profuse diarrhea (liquid) with an unpleasant odor and greasy sheen;
• ARI, in addition to catarrhal phenomena in the nasopharynx, also often provokes diarrhea in infants.

The causative factors of diarrhea during pregnancy are the same as in adults. The only difference is the severity of the clinical picture, since during this period of a woman's life, any diseases, infections, poisonings are much more difficult.

note: diarrhea during pregnancy can have negative consequences, so it is very important to seek medical help as soon as the first symptoms appear.

In this case, the duration of pregnancy and the cause of diarrhea are of paramount importance. Diarrhea during early pregnancy can be the result of toxicosis, which is quite common. It does not pose a danger to the fetus, because the bacteria that provoke it do not leave the intestines. Severe poisoning can become a threat to the fetus if there is severe intoxication of the mother's body and toxins penetrate the placenta into the fetus.

Especially dangerous is poisoning by the poisons of fungi, which bypass the placental barrier and cause various kinds of defects in the development of the embryo. Diarrhea during early pregnancy is dangerous if the frequency of defecation becomes more than 5 times in 24 hours. If there is diarrhea and vomiting, then this further complicates the situation and requires immediate medical attention. The consequences of severe diarrhea in a pregnant woman can be:

• spontaneous miscarriage;
• decrease in blood pressure in the mother;
• accession of renal failure in a pregnant woman;
• the formation of congenital anomalies in the fetus.

note: after the 30th week, diarrhea most often causes a virus or late toxicosis. Complications of this situation can be premature birth and thrombosis, so if you have symptoms of diarrhea, you should see a doctor. Sometimes diarrhea from 38 to 40 weeks of gestation is a sign of a natural cleansing of the body and an early birth.

The disease can have very different causes and be a manifestation of many pathologies. To make an accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to undergo a routine examination and be sure to tell the doctor about the accompanying symptoms. Diagnosis of diarrhea includes:

If necessary or if indicated, the doctor may prescribe the following tests:

The most informative may be such instrumental studies as:

• colonoscopy - optical examination of the mucous membrane of the large intestine;
• EGDS - endoscopic examination of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum;
• taking material from the stomach for the presence of bacteria Helicobacter pylori;
• - examination of the colon by X-ray method;
• Ultrasound of the abdominal cavity - allows you to evaluate the work of the digestive tract;
• Sigmoidoscopy is an endoscopic examination of the rectum and sigmoid colon.

Diarrhea: treatment and prevention of dehydration

Water diarrhea in an adult involves treatment, which consists of an integrated approach. It is important not only to eliminate the symptoms, but also the cause that caused diarrhea. Diarrhea treatment includes:

MEANS FOR ELIMINATION OF INFECTION

The treatment of diarrhea should be comprehensive: first of all, it is necessary to get rid of the cause of the ailment and, in parallel, start the process of restoring the disturbed intestinal microflora. The drug "Ekofuril" will help to cope with both tasks. The active substance of Ecofuril is nifuroxazide. Ecofuril is not absorbed and acts on the cause of diarrhea - microbes, only in the intestines, reduces the amount of toxins produced by pathogenic microorganisms, this improves the general condition of a person with diarrhea. The prebiotic lactulose, an excipient of the drug, creates a breeding ground for the growth of its own beneficial bacteria in the intestine. It is recommended to take Ecofuril capsules or suspension for 5-7 days, but even after the end of taking the drug, the action of the prebiotic continues and therefore does not require additional courses of pro- and prebiotics in the recovery period. Ecofuril® for children over 3 years old and adults is available in capsules, and for children aged 1 month to 3 years - in the form of a suspension with a banana flavor. This medicine is not recommended during pregnancy and you should consult your doctor.

To avoid dehydration, it is important to follow these rules:

1. Drinking plenty of water is the basis of the treatment of diarrhea, because without it, all other drugs will be ineffective.
2. Drink more fluids immediately after the onset of diarrhea.
3. It is allowed to drink such drinks with diarrhea: ready-made saline pharmaceutical solutions (Rehydron), rosehip broth, raisin compote, chamomile decoction.
4. It is forbidden to drink juice, milk, soda, sweet tea with diarrhea.
5. It is necessary to drink after each act of defecation.
6. The amount of liquid you drink should be approximately 150 to 300 ml at a time.
7. If there is vomiting and diarrhea, then you should drink in small sips, otherwise heavy drinking in one gulp can provoke a vomiting attack.
8. It is not necessary to eat during diarrhea, it is important to drink a lot, but if the patient wants to eat, then you should not refuse him.
9. BRYAS - the optimal diet on the first day of diarrhea - banana - rice - apple (baked) - crackers.

note: when there is relief in the patient's condition, then from the 2nd or 3rd day it is already possible to introduce meat and yogurt into the diet, but low-fat, as well as cereals and pasta.

What to do at home with diarrhea

If diarrhea occurs, general medical prescriptions should be followed, which will alleviate the patient's condition, improve the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. They include:

1. Refusal to eat certain foods (fatty meat, eggs in any form, milk, hot spices, soda, cabbage, cucumbers, radishes).