Until what age is considered childbearing age. Why is age important for having a baby? Conception and birth of a child in middle-aged parents

The reproductive age of V., during which the body's ability to reproduce offspring is preserved.

Big Medical Dictionary. 2000 .

See what "reproductive age" is in other dictionaries:

    AGE REPRODUCTIVE- the age when a man is able to fertilize, and a woman - to conceive and give birth. In Russia, this age for women is considered to be the period from 15 to 49 years, and for men - from 16 to 59 years ...

    REPRODUCTIVE AGE- REPRODUCTIVE AGE, generative age (the terms childbearing or fertile age are not recommended), the age of the woman at which she is fertile. The indication of borders of R. of century. demography characterizes the duration of the reproductive ...

    reproductive age- the age of a woman at which she is capable of childbearing, as a rule, the age is 15 49 years ... Official terminology

    - (new Latin, this. see the previous next). Reproductive. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. REPRODUCTIVE Novolatinsk. from lat. re, again, again, producere output. Reproductive. Explanation of 25000... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

    REPRODUCTIVE PERIOD- REPRODUCTIVE PERIOD, the generative period, the period of fertility, that part of a woman's life, during which they are able to bear children. In demography, the duration of R. p. is characterized by an indication of the boundaries of the reproductive age. R. p. in life ... ... Demographic Encyclopedic Dictionary

    REPRODUCTIVE AGE- the same as the Age of childbearing ... Encyclopedic Dictionary of Psychology and Pedagogy

    reproductive age- The age range during which a person is capable of reproducing offspring. R. v. begins with the age of puberty and ends with menopause. At women of R. of century. it is customary to consider 14-45 years, for men - 15-55 years, although ... ... Adaptive physical culture. Concise Encyclopedic Dictionary

    Childbearing (reproductive) age of a woman- Childbearing (syn. reproductive) age of a woman age from 15 to 45 years (accepted in Russia)... Source: PROTECTION OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH OF WORKERS. BASIC TERMS AND CONCEPTS (approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation on 02.10.2003 N 11 8/13 09) ... Official terminology

    - (lat. fertilis fertile, prolific) the ability of a sexually mature organism to create viable offspring. The opposite of sterility. Contents 1 Physiology 1.1 Male fertility ... Wikipedia

    HYPERPROLACTINEMIA- honey. Hyperprolactinemia increase in the level of prolactin in the blood serum 20 ng/ml. It can be physiological (in women during pregnancy, within 6 months after childbirth or before stopping breastfeeding) or pathological (in women and ... ... Disease Handbook

Books

  • , Tatyana Nazarenko, Ksenia Krasnopolskaya, Artem Popov, Svetlana Perminova, A. Fedorov, Olga Balakhontseva, V. Gordeeva. Over the past decades, the contingent of patients applying to IVF clinics has changed significantly. This is due, first of all, to the expansion of indications for the use of auxiliary methods ...
  • IVF for gynecological and endocrine diseases, Nazarenko Tatyana Alekseevna. Over the past decades, the contingent of patients applying to IVF clinics has changed significantly. This is due, first of all, to the expansion of indications for the use of auxiliary methods ...

What is reproductive age? How long does it last? Is the reproductive age of a woman different from that of a man? Here are interesting facts and misconceptions regarding the age of childbearing.

One of the main biological tasks of any living being is reproduction, reproduction of the species. The age when an organism is most adapted for reproduction is called reproductive or fertile.

According to demographic definitions, a woman's reproductive age ranges from 15 to 44-49 years. That is, from the beginning of menstruation to their termination. Reproductive age begins with the maturation of the first egg. In fact, at this time, the girl can already become pregnant and bear the child. It is also possible the birth of a healthy baby in a woman who celebrated her 50th birthday and even later. But both too early and too late pregnancies are undesirable for various reasons.

Early pregnancy

Theoretically, a young girl may well give birth to a strong, healthy baby. But her own body, not yet fully formed, may suffer from pregnancy. In addition, a young mother in most cases is psychologically unprepared to bear parental responsibilities. She herself is in many ways an immature person, almost a child, without established life values ​​and a formed system of worldview. It is impossible, of course, to assert that there are no exceptions, but the general picture is just that. The situation can be further complicated by the fact that most too early pregnancies, as a rule, are unwanted and unexpected. And they end either with an abortion, or with the birth of an unwanted and useless child.

late pregnancy

After the age of 35, a woman's body begins to prepare for the onset of menopause. More and more menstrual cycles occur without ovulation, that is, a woman's ability to conceive is noticeably reduced. In addition, bouquets of chronic diseases accumulate with age, some of which can not only complicate the course of pregnancy, but simply interfere with conception. In particular, in mature women, endometriosis is often observed - a disease in which changes occur in the uterus that prevent the fixation of a fertilized egg.

Often there is obstruction of the tubes that develops with age, and the egg cannot descend into the uterine cavity. It is impossible to deny the fact that often such a late pregnancy also turns out to be unplanned and unwanted, as well as at a very early age. It often happens that a woman, confident that she is no longer able to conceive due to age or the onset of menopause, does not pay attention to the absence of menstruation. And only when he feels the fetal movement or pays attention to the rounded belly, he understands that this is not menopause, but pregnancy.

There is also undeniable scientific evidence that the older the parents, the higher the risk of having a child with a genetic disorder. One of these gene disorders is well known to almost everyone: it is Down syndrome, caused by the presence of one extra chromosome in the child's chromosome set. Such children have a special type of appearance and physique, their intellectual development is very difficult, and their life expectancy is noticeably shorter than that of other people.

Statistics say: if the risk of having a child with Down syndrome in a 25-year-old mother is 1: 1250, then in a 40-year-old woman it is already 1: 106. And in a 50-year-old woman, even more - 1: 11, that is, more than 10 % of children born to fifty-year-old mothers are born with this disease. And Down's syndrome is not the only disorder that increases in a child's likelihood of developing with the age of the mother.

The best time to have children

According to doctors and demographers, the best reproductive age for a woman is from 25 to 35. It was at this time that a woman was already ripe for conscious and responsible motherhood, her body is full of strength and energy, and chronic sores have not yet been accumulated. Children born to mothers between the ages of 25 and 32-35 are usually desired, the pregnancy is planned in advance.

For a full-fledged upbringing, everything is there - material wealth, housing, confidence in the future and in one's own abilities. Thus, the best time to have children should be considered the middle of the reproductive age. But does that mean late or early pregnancies are bad? Of course no. At any age of the mother, a child can be born both completely healthy and with gene disorders or congenital diseases.

Take, for example, statistics on Down syndrome: if the risk of having a sick child in a 50-year-old mother is 1:11, this means that 89 out of 100 children are born healthy. Nearly 90% is the vast majority. And, perhaps, mature parents should simply carefully consider genetic counseling before deciding whether to have a child or terminate an unexpected pregnancy.

Everything has its pros and cons. A young mother may not yet take her motherhood seriously enough, but she is healthier, not burdened with age-related chronic sores, and is able to more easily understand a growing child and her needs - simply because she herself has not yet forgotten her own childhood. When her child grows up and flies out of the parental nest, she will still be young, full of strength and energy, and will gladly make up for everything that eluded her in her youth due to early motherhood: travel, entertainment, everything that fits into the concept " live for yourself."

On the other hand, a woman of the "Balzac age" has usually already made a career, decided on her marital status, and is firmly on her feet. She makes the decision to conceive carefully and confidently. Often, women who remarry and want to give birth to another, joint child with their spouse go to late pregnancy. Often such a decision is made by parents who want to have children of different sexes - so that an older, already grown up brother has a sister, or an almost adult daughter has a little brother.

Late pregnancy gives a woman the opportunity to feel like a young mother. Her body is renewed, prolonging youth, but at the same time, any chronic diseases may well worsen. That is why family planners strongly recommend that all women over the age of 35 undergo a complete medical examination before planning to conceive and have a child. Some diseases can become contraindications for pregnancy. In particular, chronic diseases of the kidneys, the cardiovascular system, a tendency to hypertension (high blood pressure), diabetes mellitus, etc. require special attention. With age, the risk of developing an ectopic pregnancy also increases.

Do not neglect the fact that the number of maturing eggs generally decreases, and it becomes much more difficult for a woman to become pregnant, and the older she is, the more difficult it is to conceive. But this does not mean infertility at all. On the contrary, if a woman does not plan to give birth, she should treat the issues of contraception with absolutely the same responsibility as at a young age.

At least until her menstruation completely stops, and the gynecologist gives an opinion on the end of the reproductive period in a woman's life based on the examination. Violations of the cycle can lead to the ineffectiveness of the old, familiar methods of protection, and this will be revealed only after conception.

As long as a woman is fertile, her reproductive age continues. Each of its stages is good in its own way. A woman can give birth to a child at the age of 15, and after 50, raise him and educate him, and be a happy mother.

The fertile period is the time during which a man can produce sperm that can fertilize an egg. Gradually, the amount of the main male hormone testosterone decreases, the quantity and quality of spermatozoa is rapidly falling.

The process of completing the reproductive period in men is called "hypogonadism". Hypogonadism is an irreversible change in the hormonal background, a restructuring of the body, in which the state of the genital organs changes, their functional purpose. It comes in the life of every male, the only question is when and how it happens.

Why does a man lose the ability to fertilize?

Hypogonadism is provided by nature in order to remove obsolete generations from the reproduction process. If hypogonadism was not predetermined, then the number of genetic mutations (Down's syndrome, cleft lip, cerebral palsy), mental abnormalities among new generations would only grow.

Due to a decrease in testosterone levels, the body begins to produce sperm with damaged DNA, which lead to the birth of unhealthy offspring.

In addition, an aging body cannot endure great physical and psychological stress, it becomes fragile. Even if a child was born to an elderly person, it would be physically difficult for him to take care of him, to take care of him. A child needs not only to be born, but also raised - nature is also guided by this principle, suppressing the reproductive function in old age.

Favorable period for conceiving a child

The amount of testosterone begins to decline annually by 1-2% after 30-35 years. But this does not mean at all that already at that age there will be infertility. Hypogonadism occurs when testosterone levels fall below normal. This can happen at any age. Someone successfully leads a sexual life up to 70-80 years, and someone is already infertile at 30-40 years. Here, factors of each individual, his lifestyle, state of health play an important role.

But numerous studies have helped to derive the average figure of the fertile period. According to them, the reproductive age of a man reaches its peak at 23-30 years (then there are more active, high-quality spermatozoa), and begins to fade by the age of 40.

  • At 42-50 years, the process of extinction of the reproductive function is observed in 17% of cases;
  • In 65-80 it is observed in 40% of cases;
  • After 80 years, 65% of the male sex suffers from this.

Some more interesting facts about hypogonadism:

  • In America, 5 million people suffer from this pathology. And only 6% seek substitution therapy;
  • This physiological process causes bone fragility, injuries and fractures in 55% of cases after 42 years;
  • 10 people out of 1000 cannot psychologically accept age-related infertility, which is why they commit suicide.

How to detect hypogonadism?

The reproductive age can be different for each man, so symptoms are the main indicators for making a diagnosis. The end of reproductive age is preceded by the following signs:

  • Decreased sex drive. The number of sexual acts is reduced;
  • Erectile dysfunction develops. The body fails to maintain an erection for normal sexual intercourse, occurs;
  • Osteoporosis;
  • Pain when urinating, frequent urination;
  • Violations of the vegetative-vascular system are observed - the face, cheeks turn red, body temperature rises, blood pressure jumps, dizziness, shortness of breath appears, suddenly throws you into a fever;
  • Irritability;
  • Sensitivity;
  • Depressive state, apathy;
  • decline in performance;
  • memory impairment;
  • Sleep disturbance;
  • Fast fatiguability;
  • The ratio between muscle mass and fat is changing. There is a general trend - the hips and abdomen are rounded;
  • Bone tissue becomes fragile;
  • The amount of hair decreases, bald patches appear;
  • Decreased skin density.

If at least some of the signs are suitable for you, you should consult an andrologist or urologist for recommendations.

Causes of premature hypogonadism

Hypogonadism can be called early if the reproductive function begins to fade at 35-45 years. Usually, the reasons for the activation of the physiological process ahead of time lie in the lifestyle, the genetic code.

Male menopause approach:

  • Injuries, surgery on the ovaries, genitals;
  • Venereal diseases, congenital anomalies of the genital organs;
  • Prostatitis;
  • Colds, infectious diseases, which were hard to tolerate by the body, were associated with complications;
  • Stress, sedentary lifestyle;
  • Improper nutrition - an abundance of carbohydrates, fats;
  • Drinking alcohol, smoking;
  • Frequent change of sexual partner;
  • tumor of the testicles;
  • endocrine diseases;
  • arterial hypertension;
  • ischemic disease;
  • Diabetes;
  • Irregular sex, rare ejaculation;
  • Improper intimate hygiene. Ordinary soap, shower gels irritate the surface of the penis, violate the natural microflora. It is advisable to buy a special product for intimate hygiene.

How to prepare for conception for men over 50?

Mature age at conception threatens with genetic mutations of the child. Therefore, a man should approach this process with all attention, carefully monitor his health and follow the recommendations:

  • Follow a diet that positively affects potency, erection, sperm quality. It must be present - vitamin E and C, folic acid, lute, zinc, selenium. Be sure to eat citrus fruits, nuts, cereals, fish, seafood;
  • Avoid hypothermia;
  • Avoid baths, saunas, hot baths;
  • Don't worry, don't get depressed;
  • Do at least 20-30 minutes of sports every day;
  • Refuse coffee, alcohol, cigarettes, products with preservatives;
  • Establish a sleep and rest regimen;
  • Wear loose cotton underwear;
  • Watch your weight. Obesity, lack of weight adversely affects the quality of the seed;
  • Spending more time outdoors
  • Strengthen immunity.
  • Try not to take antibiotics. Do this only when absolutely necessary. Antivirals impair sperm quality;
  • It is necessary to drink more pure water;
  • Have sex 2-5 times a week.

To identify the likelihood of a gene mutation in a child, even before conception, you can undergo a genetic analysis, take a spermogram test. With drugs, therapy, doctors can correct, remove the damaged genome.

Nature has laid the main function in the female body - to produce offspring. Physiological features of development, social conditions, environment affect the reproductive age of a woman. Currently, experts determine its boundaries in the range from 15 to 45 years, but for each woman they are individual. According to the WHO definition, reproductive age is the age during which a woman is able to conceive a child, that is, from menarche to menopause.

What affects fertility

Female fertility is the biological ability to conceive, bear and give birth to a child. Some women easily manage to get pregnant and give birth in the presence of chronic diseases, after abortions. Others, relatively healthy, for a long time fail to conceive or bear a child.

There are many factors that reduce fertility and cause infertility:

  • prolonged heavy smoking;
  • alcohol abuse;
  • sedentary lifestyle;
  • unbalanced diet;
  • frequent stress;
  • overweight (BMI>30);
  • insufficient (less than 45 kg) weight;
  • endocrine disorders;
  • inflammation of the genital organs;
  • traumatic injuries during abortion, childbirth;
  • intoxication of the body associated with an acute infectious disease;
  • abdominal operations;
  • age (over 35 years).

To understand why a woman cannot become pregnant, the main fertility indicators are examined: ovulation, fallopian tube patency, endometrial condition, hormone levels. At home, an ovulation test is carried out by measuring basal temperature, or using strips that are coated with a special reagent with a control strip. The test measures the concentration of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the urine. A high LH value is characteristic of a mature egg ready for fertilization. In medical institutions, a gynecologist using ultrasound evaluates the size of the dominant follicle, the presence and size of the corpus luteum, the condition of the ovaries, uterus.

Late motherhood, in addition to possible difficulties, has positive aspects. Hormonal restructuring rejuvenates the body, gives strength and energy for care and upbringing. The desire to raise and put a child on its feet increases life expectancy, menopause comes later.

The reproductive age ends when the eggs stop maturing, menstruation completely ends. Natural conception becomes impossible. A new physiological stage begins.

How to prolong the reproductive period

Biological age does not always correspond to the date in the passport. The internal organs of a forty-year-old woman can work in the same way as a twenty-year-old girl. This is partly influenced by genetic predisposition, partly by lifestyle, environment.

To extract the maximum and prolong the childbearing age will help:

  • giving up alcohol and smoking;
  • moderate physical activity;
  • balanced diet;
  • timely and complete treatment of diseases;
  • hormonal control;
  • the use of vitamins prescribed by a doctor;
  • positive emotions.

It is important to have regular check-ups with a gynecologist. Many diseases are asymptomatic for a long time. In advanced cases, this negatively affects fertility. Therefore, it is necessary to devote more time to preventive measures. In each reproductive period, you can safely give birth to a healthy baby without complications.

Such a concept as reproductive age, probably, each of us has heard. But not everyone knows what this period is and what characteristic features it has. Most people agree that this is the age stage during which a girl can bear and give birth to a child. And many believe that it comes with the onset of the first menstruation. Strictly speaking, this is true, but there are many subtleties, which we will discuss further.

Preparation for the reproductive period begins at about ten years of age (for some, even earlier). At first, the girl's mammary glands increase somewhat, which is a signal for parents about her transformation into a girl. It is necessary to talk at this stage with the child and tell her about the changes that await her ahead.

After some time, the first vegetation begins to appear on the body - first under the armpits, a little later on the pubis. The end of puberty is considered to be the beginning of menstruation. But this does not mean that the girl is able to give birth to a baby. In fact, it is physically possible, but the price of this will be very high - the health of a too young mother.

In adolescence, a girl is, in fact, still a child, her body is too small and not ready for full-fledged gestation and subsequent childbirth. Doctors categorically do not approve of the pregnancy of girls under the age of eighteen, as this is fraught with the development of complications of various complexity.

Gynecologists say that young age greatly increases the risk of various bleeding, miscarriage and the occurrence of severe toxicosis. Babies born to very young girls quite often have health problems: they are born with low weight and gain it poorly in the first months of life, in addition, such children have difficulty adapting to extrauterine life.

At the same time, it is worth considering the individual characteristics of the body, some young mothers give birth to beautiful healthy babies without the slightest deviation, while maintaining their health. But the psychological aspect also plays a very important role - in most cases, teenage girls are simply not ready for the role of a mother. Although there are exceptions.

Parents should bring information about contraceptives to their daughter in time, since everything has its time, and a child at 12-14 years old should remain a child. The girl will still have time to enjoy all the delights of motherhood.

Health of a woman of reproductive age

This question depends on many factors, the main of which is the general condition of the whole organism. All existing ailments can negatively affect the state of the reproductive system. Therefore, every woman should visit a doctor in a timely manner and undergo a planned medical examination. In fact, even trifling sores can seriously affect the functioning of the reproductive system.

Women's health originates from the development of the fetus in the womb and from the neonatal period. Medical statistics claim that during this time a certain percentage of children are gaining serious health problems for the rest of their lives.

It is not surprising that by the beginning of the reproductive age, most of the girls already have certain disorders in the functional activity of the reproductive system. Parents need to pay close attention to the health of the child and, if necessary, visit a pediatric gynecologist.

Adults are also advised not to forget about the need for visits to the doctor. A gynecologist should be visited at least once every six months, such measures will allow timely detection of a possible disease and prompt adequate treatment. Regular visits to a women's doctor will help to avoid very dangerous and even fatal ailments, for example, cervical cancer.

The end of reproductive age coincides with the onset of menopause. But the reproductive function does not fade away immediately, but gradually - after forty years. This process is explained by certain changes in the hormonal background of the body. There is a violation of the menstrual cycle, in addition, the process of ovulation is also confused. But the ability to conceive is preserved even at this stage of the decline of the reproductive function, however, doctors say that in this case, the likelihood of having a child with some kind of genetic abnormality increases significantly.

The next stage in a woman's life is menopause. It occurs in the period from forty-five to fifty years, after the eggs stop maturing. When their stock in the body approaches zero, the probability of conception will be excluded.

But it should be borne in mind that more than one year may pass from the onset of violations in the cycle to its complete cessation. Many women forget about this, and as a result, quite an unexpected surprise awaits them. The absence of menstruation is attributed to menopause, which suddenly turns out to be pregnancy. That is why doctors recommend not to forget about contraception even at the end of the reproductive age, and stop contraception only after consulting a qualified doctor and passing certain tests.

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