Painful lumps under the skin on the legs. soft lump under the skin

cones - These are formations on the skin that have a dense structure. The size, location of the bumps depends on the causes of their occurrence.

How do bumps appear on the skin?

Bumps and swelling on the skin often appear spontaneously in a person, for no apparent reason. However, there are always factors that cause swelling under the skin. Such a symptom may indicate the development of:

• infectious diseases ;
• about inflammatory processes in the lymph nodes ;
• about past trauma and etc.

Redness and swelling on the skin can be either single or multiple. Depending on the cause, other features of such neoplasms may also differ. It is not always the red swelling on the skin that appears. Such a formation can have an impressive size, be both soft and hard enough to the touch.

Swelling and bumps on the skin are painful and completely painless. The cause of the bumps determines the duration of the symptom. If such formations increase intensively, and other symptoms that alarm a person are noted, then a doctor should be consulted immediately.

Bumps on the skin of the back, arms, legs, etc. appear in people quite often and can be completely asymptomatic. In most cases, even large bumps, clearly visible even in the photo, are. If formations appeared under the skin and they are located, for example, on the back, then a person can live with such seals for many years without noticing any inconvenience.

However, sometimes a skin bump that does not cause pain, itching, or other discomfort may be a sign of development. Therefore, it is advisable to consult a doctor not only for aesthetic inconveniences (for example, if bumps appear on the face under the skin), but also when any other formations appear.

Bumps on the skin of the hand, head and other organs can range in size from 1 millimeter to ten or more centimeters. The clinical manifestations of such formations do not depend on the age of the person, his gender. All features are determined only by the reason that provoked the appearance of cones.

The seal may be cyst . Such a formation progresses slowly and without pain, it resembles a ball with a smooth surface that can move under the skin.

If bumps appear due to folliculitis they look like large reddish pimples. They appear, as a rule, on the scalp under the hair, on the hips, face. Pimples can be itchy.

Why do bumps appear on the skin?

Subcutaneous bumps on the human body appear after a blow or injury. Also, bumps on the human body are sometimes a sign of inflammation, the development of an infectious disease, the appearance tumors .

There are a number of diseases that can cause bumps on the body. Depending on the cause of the disease and its symptoms, the bumps may differ (for more details, such differences can be seen in the corresponding photos).

Bumps on the face and body of a person can appear with a strong acne when a certain amount of blackheads goes into the form of seals.

Bumps on the body often appear after insect bites .

At inflammatory processes of the lymph nodes subcutaneous bumps are located above the lymph nodes. Such an internal bump hurts, it is hot and dense, not soldered to the tissues surrounding it. At the same time, a person also has other signs of the disease -,.

Another reason for the appearance of bumps on different parts of the body is skin cancer . With oncological pathologies, bumps can be of different colors - both dark and normal. Such formations are soldered to the tissues that surround them. Such an education usually hurts. In the last stages of the disease, it may be a purulent bump. Bumps on the skin appear when basal cell carcinoma , at soft tissue sarcoma , neurofibromatosis and etc.

As a result, bumps appear on the scalp, as well as on other parts of the body. Such a cone has a red color, a dense or soft texture. How to treat a bump on the head, which appeared as a result of a hemangioma, you should immediately ask your doctor, since this tumor develops very quickly and can gradually destroy healthy tissues located nearby.

Bumps on the skin appear due to the development intradermal cyst . Such formations are dense, can have a different size, the color of the skin does not change when they appear. Periodic inflammation of the formation is possible, then the contents can come out. A cyst can form on any part of the body. Their appearance is often associated with blockage of the sebaceous glands, an infectious disease.

The appearance of bumps and seals is often associated with skin abscess . In this case, the seal is very painful, dense, contains pus. Often with an abscess, the patient's body temperature rises.

On the body, these are nodules or bumps that have different sizes, the skin color remains natural or acquires a reddish tint.

blue bump under the skin can be formed in the place where there are foreign bodies under the skin - fragments, splinters, bullets. The size of such a bump depends on the size of the foreign body.

Bumps on the body under the skin may be rheumatoid nodules . Such a mobile lump under the skin does not manifest itself at all. But at the same time, a person sometimes notes pain and signs of deformity in the joints.

In children, a bump on the arm under the skin or a bump on the leg under the skin and even on the pope most often appears after a blow, as children lead a mobile lifestyle. But if, when cones appear, the child has drowsiness, vomiting, then you should immediately consult a doctor.

Bumps of different sizes appear on different parts of the body - sometimes seals that cause discomfort to a person form on the side under the skin, on the rib, affect the armpits, etc. Why the bumps are under the skin, and what is the reason for their appearance, the doctor should find out, who after diagnosis, prescribe treatment.

Bumps under the skin of the penis and on the pubis under the skin are formed due to the influence of many factors. But most often their appearance is associated with a viral or bacterial lesion of the skin, with blockage of the glands and hair follicles. It should be borne in mind that in intimate places the skin is particularly sensitive, so damage may appear on it even after rubbing against clothes or after shaving.

However, it must be remembered that bumps on the genitals in some cases can also be a symptom of diseases that are sexually transmitted. These symptoms are most common in genital herpes and warts .

Sometimes the appearance of seals, bumps and pimples on the genitals of a man and a woman is associated with an allergic reaction to contraceptives.

How to get rid of bumps on the skin?

If a person finds a bump on any part of the skin, then first of all he needs to contact a therapist who, in accordance with the diagnosis, directs the patient for a consultation with a specialist of the required profile.

In some cases, bumps and seals under the skin disappear on their own, without the use of treatment. But still, a number of diseases require the intervention of a specialist and the appointment of complex treatment.

If bumps on the human body appeared as a result of infection with an infection, then treatment may include taking antibiotics and drugs from the group of antifungal agents. Treatment is carried out in such a way as to prevent the development of infection, as well as to prevent the appearance of scars at the site of seals. It is important to observe strict hygiene of those parts of the body that are affected by cones, to prevent their strong friction against clothing.

If the appearance of cones is associated with cysts, then in some cases such formations are cured by themselves. If the cyst becomes inflamed, the patient may be given injections cortisone . However, sometimes surgery is required: the doctor prescribes an operation to excise the neoplasm.

The bumps that appear as a result of a lipoma are removed only if they are a serious cosmetic defect for a person or cause inconvenience in everyday life. Lipoma does not affect the tissues that surround it, so if necessary, it can be removed surgically.

If a lump on the body occurs as a result of oncological pathology, then, if necessary, it is cut out with those tissues that are located next to it.

Treatment of warts is carried out using the method that the doctor considers most appropriate in a particular case. They are used as medications that allow you to gradually remove the wart, as well as laser removal, the method of cryotherapy, etc.

It should be noted that during the surgical removal of bumps and seals under the skin, it is important to completely remove the entire neoplasm. Otherwise, in some diseases, re-growth of the seal is possible.

If the bump does not grow, there are no inflammatory changes, then the doctor may decide that treatment should not be used. Such formations can be lipomas, moles, non-inflamed cysts of a small size.

To bumps on the body that appear in children due to injuries and bruises, you need to apply cold immediately after their formation in order to prevent the appearance of large edema. Next, any cream, gel or ointment is used to relieve swelling and hematomas .

When bumps and seals appear on the genitals, it is necessary to conduct a series of tests to exclude the development of sexually transmitted diseases. If seals are associated with , then drugs containing or are most often used for treatment. Treatment of genital warts is carried out by burning with chemicals or removed surgically.

To prevent the appearance of seals associated with insect bites, it is necessary to use means that repel them. Immediately after the bite, you need to treat the tissues with special means.

Moles, warts, wen ... Who would have thought that these completely harmless cosmetic defects are on a par with much more unpleasant oncological pathologies.

Numerous types of neoplasms on the skin are both completely safe for health, and capable of harming surrounding tissues and even endangering human life. The latter include mainly malignant skin tumors, less often borderline precancerous conditions.

How and why do they appear? In what cases can they be removed in the cosmetologist's office, and in what cases should you consult a doctor for a full-fledged treatment? the site studies the issue with particular predilection:

What are neoplasms and what are they

In their structure, all skin neoplasms (they are also called “tumors” or “neoplasias”) are the result of uncontrolled reproduction of cells that have not yet reached maturity, and therefore have lost the ability to fully perform their functions. Depending on the clinical picture, they are usually divided into 3 types:

• benign
  (atheroma, hemangioma, lymphangioma, lipoma, papilloma, mole, nevus, fibroma, neurofibroma)

  They do not pose a threat to human life, but if they are poorly placed or large in size, they can cause disruptions in the work of other systems and / or organs of our body. Under external influences, they can sometimes transform into malignant neoplasms.

• Malignant
  (basalioma, melanoma, sarcoma, liposarcoma)
  

  Grow rapidly and aggressively, penetrating into surrounding tissues and organs, often with the formation of metastases . The prognosis of such diseases is often unfavorable, given the difficulty of their cure and the tendency to frequent relapses, and in some cases, an active metastatic process is fatal if vital organs are irreversibly damaged.

• Borderline or precancerous skin conditions
  (senile keratoma, xeroderma pigmentosum, cutaneous horn, Bowen's dermatosis)
  

  Formations whose tissues have changed under the influence of hereditary or current causes, having received the potential for degeneration into malignant tumors.

Benign neoplasms

The cells of these formations partially retain their original functions and have slow growth rates. Sometimes they press on nearby tissues, but never penetrate them. In their structure, such neoplasms are similar to the tissues from which they originated. As a rule, they respond well to surgical and other instrumental treatment, rarely give relapses.

• Atheroma

Tumor of the sebaceous gland, formed after its blockage. Most often occurs on the scalp, neck, back, in the inguinal zone, that is, in places with a high concentration of sebaceous glands. It looks like a dense formation with clear contours, elastic and mobile on palpation, does not cause discomfort.

With suppuration, redness and swelling of the tissues, soreness, and an increase in body temperature appear. Inflamed atheroma can break through on its own, releasing purulent-sebaceous contents. This epithelial cyst has a tendency to transform into a malignant form - liposarcoma. Atheroma is removed only through surgical excision.

Photo 1.2 - atheroma on the face and back:

Photo 3.4 - skin hemangioma in newborns: on the body and on the face:

• Hemangioma

Benign vascular tumor formation. It can be simple capillary (on the surface of the skin), cavernous (in the deep layers of the skin), combined (combining the two previous forms) and mixed (affecting not only the vessels, but also the surrounding tissues, mainly connective).

Capillary hemangioma can reach large sizes, its color varies from red to bluish-black, it grows mainly to the sides. The cavernous variety is a limited subcutaneous nodular formation covered with bluish or normal skin color. Most often, these tumors appear in newborns, literally in the first days of life, and are located in the head and neck.

If the heangioma is located on a difficult part of the body (for example, on the face in the orbit) or occupies a large area, it is removed by the radiation method. Other methods of treatment are sclerotherapy, cryotherapy, hormonal preparations. When the tumor is located deep, and conservative treatment is ineffective, surgical excision is required, including the underlying layers of the skin.

• Lymphangioma

A benign formation from the walls of the lymphatic vessels that occurs in children at the stage of intrauterine development. Most of these tumors are detected before 3 years of age. It is a thin-walled cavity ranging in size from 1 mm to 5 cm or more (cystic lymphangioma, consisting of several isolated or communicating cysts).

It increases very slowly, but in some cases there is an abrupt growth to a significant size - in this case, surgical removal is required. Also, lymphangiomas located in close proximity to the trachea, larynx or other vital organs are removed without fail.

Photo 5.6 - cystic lymphangioma on the body and in the oral cavity, near the tongue:

Photo 7.8 - lipoma (wen) on the back and on the face:

• Lipoma

A tumor of the fatty layer (it is often called a "wen"), located in the subcutaneous layer of loose connective tissue. It can penetrate deep into the body to the periosteum, seeping between the vascular bundles and muscles. Most often found in areas where the fat layer is thinnest - the outer surface of the thighs and shoulders, shoulder girdle, upper back. It looks like a soft formation, mobile and painless on palpation.

Lipoma grows quite slowly and is generally safe for the body, although in rare cases it can degenerate into a malignant liposarcoma. At the same time, if the wen grows and begins to put pressure on the surrounding tissues, surgical removal is indicated. It is better not to wait for this moment, because the larger the tumor, the more noticeable the postoperative scar will be. But laser, radio wave or puncture-aspiration methods, after which there are practically no traces on the skin.

• Papillomas and warts

Formations in the form of a nodule or papilla, which have a viral nature of occurrence. They are caused by various strains of human papillomavirus (HPV), usually against the background of a decrease in immunity, stress and autonomic disorders. Outwardly, they are very diverse, most often they look like growths of various shapes and sizes, in color from light to dark brown and gray.

Melanoma-prone moles and nevi do not require treatment, but from those that are constantly injured or located in open areas of the body and often exposed to sunlight, experts recommend getting rid of them in order to avoid complications. Here, the method is no longer so critical: in addition to the scalpel, the mole can be removed with a laser, cryodestruction or radio waves.

• Fibroma (dermatofibroma)

Formations in the connective tissue, which are most often found in women at a young and mature age. They have a small size (up to 3 cm), look like a deeply soldered nodule, spherically protruding above the skin surface, the color is from gray to brown, sometimes blue-black, the surface is smooth, less often warty. It grows slowly, but there is a possibility of oncological complications: in rare cases, fibroma can degenerate into malignant fibrosarcoma.

Photo 13.14 - fibroma on the fingers and toes:

Photo 15.16 - single skin neurofibroma and neurofibromatosis:

• neurofibroma

A tumor that grows out of nerve sheath cells. Most often located in the skin and subcutaneous tissue. It is a dense tubercle ranging in size from 0.1 to 2-3 cm, covered with depigmented or highly pigmented epidermis. Multiple neurofibromas are caused by hereditary or genetic causes and are considered as a separate disease - neurofibromatosis.

This tumor rarely transforms into a malignant one, but in itself it is quite dangerous - it can cause constant pain and cause serious functional disorders in the body, therefore it requires treatment, at least pharmacological (retinoids). In difficult cases, surgical excision or radiation therapy is indicated.

Malignant neoplasms of the skin

Formations of this type grow rapidly, penetrate into the surrounding tissues, and often form metastases even in organs remote from the focus due to the transfer of pathological cells through the circulatory and lymphatic systems. In these tumors, the body's control over cell division is completely lost, and the cells themselves lose the ability to perform their specific functions. Malignant neoplasms are quite difficult to treat, they are characterized by frequent relapses of the disease even after surgical removal.

The main signs of the degeneration of a benign tumor or a stable borderline skin condition into a malignant formation are:

• pigmentation changing in color or saturation;
• a sharp and rapid increase in size;
• spread of the tumor to neighboring tissues;
• bleeding, expression, etc.

Metastases of malignant neoplasms can manifest themselves in any organs and tissues, but most often the lungs, liver, brain, and bones become the object of damage. At the stage of metastasis, the prognosis of treatment is often negative, up to death.

• Melanoma

One of the most common types of cancer. In most cases, it is the result of malignancy of moles and nevi after their severe injury or excessive exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Gives metastases to almost any organs, starting with regional lymph nodes, often recurs. It is treated surgically, in combination with chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Photo 17.18 - this is how melanoma may look like:

Photo 19.20 - basalioma of the skin of the face:

• Basalioma

A dangerous type of squamous cell skin cancer, formed from atypical basal cells of the epidermis. At the first stage, it looks like a white nodule with a dry crust on the surface, grows in breadth over time and begins to ulcerate, then it transforms into a deep ulcer or mushroom-shaped node protruding above the surface of the skin. It develops in areas of the body exposed to ultraviolet radiation, exposure to high temperatures, carcinogenic substances. It is treated by standard methods - surgical excision, radiation, chemotherapy, cryo- or laser therapy.

• Kaposi's sarcoma , angiosarcoma, hemorrhagic sarcomatosis

Multiple malignant tumors in the dermis. They have the appearance of violet, purple or lilac spots without clear boundaries, gradually dense rounded nodes up to 2 cm in diameter of a bluish-brown color appear on them, tending to unite and ulcerate. Most often, this type of sarcoma affects HIV-infected people, proceeding in an aggressive form, quickly leading to death.

Photo 21.22 - Kaposi's sarcoma on the leg:

Photo 23.24 - liposarcoma in the hips and shoulder area:

Photo 25.26 - soft tissue fibrosarcoma:

• Liposarcoma

Malignant tumor of adipose tissue. Most often occur in men, people aged 50 years or more. In most cases, it develops against the background of benign formations - lipomas and atheromas. Liposarcoma usually grows slowly and rarely metastasizes. When localized in the subcutaneous fat, it is palpated as a fairly large (up to 20 cm) single node of a rounded shape with irregular outlines and uneven density, hard or elastic to the touch. Surgical treatment, chemotherapy in combination with radiation is used.

• fibrosarcoma

It develops in soft tissues, mainly connective, most often in the lower extremities. With superficial localization, it can protrude noticeably above the skin, has a dark blue-brown color. At a deeper location, it is visually invisible. Distinguish between differentiated and poorly differentiated fibrosarcoma, the first is considered less dangerous - it grows relatively slowly and does not metastasize, but both types give a high percentage of relapses after removal.

Precancerous neoplasms of the skin

This group includes pathological conditions of cells, which are more or less likely to end in degeneration into malignant tumors.

• Bowen's disease (intraepidermal cancer)

Formation in the epidermis without germination in the surrounding tissues. If proper treatment is not carried out, it transforms into invasive skin cancer with growth and metastasis. Most often observed in older people, localized on the head, palms, genitals. Some chronic dermatoses, keratinized cysts, skin injuries with scarring, radiation, ultraviolet and carcinogenic effects lead to the appearance of Bowen's disease.

At the initial stage, it looks like a reddish-brown spot from 2 mm to 5 cm without even borders, then it transforms into a raised plaque with raised edges and a scaly surface. After removing the scales, a non-bleeding weeping surface opens. Evidence of the transition of Bowen's disease to a malignant form is ulceration.

• Pigmented xeroderma

A tumor that develops with excessive skin sensitivity to ultraviolet light, when age spots become warty growths. This disease is quite rare, has a hereditary character. In the early stages, treatment is reduced to taking drugs that reduce susceptibility to UV rays with dispensary observation by a dermatologist or oncologist. At the stage of formation of growths, their surgical removal is recommended.

• Senile keratoma (senile keratosis)

It looks like rashes with a diameter of up to 1 cm, color from yellow to dark brown. As they develop, dry crusts and scales form on the spots, when peeled off, slight bleeding occurs. The formation of seals in the neoplasm indicates the transition of the borderline state into a malignant tumor.

Photo 31.32 - senile (seborrheic) keratoma:

Photo 33.34 - skin horn on the face:

• Cutaneous (senile) horn

A cone-shaped formation resembling a yellowish or brown horn, which is why it got its name. It is typical for older people, it occurs mainly in open areas of the skin that are regularly subjected to friction or pressure, it is formed from the cells of the prickly layer of the skin. It develops as an independent formation, a consequence of benign tumors (most often warts) or the initial stage of squamous cell carcinoma. Removed surgically.

Removal and prevention of skin lesions

Experts agree that it is necessary to get rid of any neoplasms, regardless of whether they are benign or malignant. The only exceptions are those that are completely harmless and inappropriate for removal, for example, a scattering of small moles all over the body.

With timely intervention, the prognosis for benign tumors and borderline precancerous conditions is positive - a complete cure, excluding relapses and malignancy of the formations. If the formation was initially malignant, the prognosis may not be so favorable, treatment will require significant efforts, but it will be completely ineffective only if metastases form in vital organs.

As for prevention, today there are no unified measures agreed by doctors against the occurrence or malignancy of neoplasms. Among the main recommendations:

• regularly pay attention to the condition of your skin and, at the slightest suspicion of the formation of tumors and similar formations, contact a dermatologist or oncologist;
• remove moles, warts and other suspicious formations only after consultation with a specialist who will confirm their good quality;
• avoid excessive ultraviolet exposure to the skin, constantly use special products with filters, especially for people prone to the formation of moles, age spots;
• avoid skin contact with carcinogenic and chemically active substances;
• reduce the consumption of foods that can cause cancer - these include smoked meats, animal fats, sausages and other meat products with a large amount of food stabilizers.

General information

Subcutaneous seals can occur spontaneously, for example, with infectious diseases or inflammation of the lymph nodes, or from a blow. Numerous bumps and bumps on the skin, as well as single ones, can occur. Infections, tumors, the body's reaction to injury or damage can all lead to swelling, lumps, or bumps on or under the skin.

Depending on the cause, the bumps can vary in size and be hard or soft to the touch. On the skin, the bump may be reddened or ulcerated. The lumps may be painful or painless, depending on the cause of the injury.

Causes

There are a lot of reasons for the appearance of various bumps on the skin, and all of them are directly related to skin diseases:

• Lipoma (benign tumor of adipose tissue). The bump can be of any size (from a few millimeters to several centimeters). Usually painless, without discoloration of the skin, firm to the touch.
• Mole. The bump on the skin is soft, brown or black, absolutely painless.
• Skin cancer. A seal or bump can occur in various places on the body, have a different color (from normal to dark), soldered to the skin and surrounding tissues. Accompanied by soreness and suppuration in the later stages of its development.
• Enlarged lymph nodes. The bump is located above the lying lymph nodes, dense and hot to the touch, painful, the size is from a pea to a walnut, not soldered to the surrounding tissues. It is combined with the presence of infection in the body (temperature, intoxication).
• The cyst is intradermal. The formation of various sizes, usually of a dense consistency, with unchanged skin color. It can periodically become inflamed, even with the release of the contents to the outside.
• Skin abscess. The lump is dense and painful, the skin above it is red and hot, there is pus inside. It is associated with an increase in body temperature.
• Hemangioma. It is a bump of red color, soft or dense consistency, painless.
• Warts. They are bumps or nodules of different sizes, painless or slightly painful. The skin above them may retain its natural color or take on red tones.
• Malignant tumors of superficial structures. These formations include basal cell carcinoma, soft tissue sarcoma, neurofibromatosis, etc. Bumps and seals can be from a few millimeters to tens of centimeters. At the beginning of the disease, they are painless and do not cause much distress to the patient. Later they can become inflamed and decompose.
• The presence of foreign bodies. These are all kinds of fragments, bullets and other items. In this case, the bump depends on the size of the foreign body, often painful.
• Rheumatoid nodules. They are seals on the skin that absolutely do not manifest themselves. However, in addition to this, pain and deformity of the joints can be detected.

Various formations under the skin: bumps, balls, seals, tumors - this is a common problem that almost every person faces. In most cases, these formations are harmless, but some of them require urgent treatment.

Bumps and seals under the skin can develop on any part of the body: the face, arms and legs, back, abdomen, etc. Sometimes these formations are hidden in the folds of the skin, on the scalp, or grow so slowly that they remain invisible for a long time and are found, reaching large sizes. So usually benign neoplasms of the skin and soft tissues are asymptomatic.

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Bumps, lumps that cause pain or discomfort are more often the result of an infection. They may be accompanied by an increase in general or local temperature. The skin above them usually turns red. Concomitant disorders occur: general malaise, headache, weakness, etc. With timely treatment, such formations usually disappear quickly.

Much less common are malignant neoplasms of the skin and underlying tissues that can be felt or noticed on their own. These diseases need to be able to recognize in time and consult a doctor as soon as possible. Below, we'll cover the most common skin growths that can cause concern.

Lipoma (wen)

Lumps under the skin are most often lipomas. These are benign, completely harmless tumors of fat cells. Lipoma is palpable under the skin as a soft formation with clear boundaries, sometimes a bumpy surface. The skin over the lipoma is of normal color and density, easily folded.

Atheroma

Atheroma is often confused with lipoma, also called a wen. In fact, it is a cyst, that is, a stretched sebaceous gland, in which the excretory duct is clogged. The content of atheroma - sebum, gradually accumulates, stretching the capsule of the gland.

To the touch it is a dense rounded formation, with clear boundaries. The skin over the atheroma cannot be folded, sometimes the surface of the skin takes on a bluish color and you can see a point on it - a clogged duct. Atheroma can become inflamed and suppurate. If necessary, it can be removed by the surgeon.

Nodules on the joints

Various diseases of the joints: arthritis and arthrosis are often accompanied by the appearance under the skin of hard, immovable small nodules. Similar formations in the elbow joint are called rheumatoid nodules and are characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis. Nodules on the extensor surface of the joints of the fingers - Heberden's and Bouchard's nodules accompany deforming osteoarthritis.

Gouty nodes can reach a significant size - tophi, which are an accumulation of uric acid salts and grow on the joints of people who have been suffering from gout for many years.

Hernia

Feels like a soft bulge under the skin that can appear with exertion and disappear completely when lying down or at rest. A hernia is formed in the navel, a postoperative scar on the abdomen, in the groin, on the inner surface of the thigh. The hernia may be painful when palpated. Sometimes fingers manage to set it back.

A hernia is formed by the internal organs of the abdomen, which are squeezed out through weak spots in the abdominal wall during an increase in intra-abdominal pressure: when coughing, lifting weights, etc. Find out if a hernia can be cured with folk methods, and why it is dangerous.

Enlarged lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy)

Most often accompanied by colds. Lymph nodes are small rounded formations that can be felt under the skin in the form of soft elastic balls ranging in size from a pea to a plum, not soldered to the surface of the skin.

Lymph nodes are located in groups in the neck, under the lower jaw, above and below the collarbones, in the armpits, in the elbow and knee folds, in the groin and other parts of the body. These are components of the immune system that, like a filter, pass interstitial fluid through themselves, cleansing it from infection, foreign inclusions and damaged cells, including tumor cells.

An increase in the size of the lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy), which become painful when palpated, usually accompanies infectious diseases: tonsillitis, otitis media, flux, panaritium, as well as wounds and burns. Treatment of the underlying disease leads to a decrease in the node.

If the skin over the lymph node turns red, and probing it becomes sharply painful, the development of lymphadenitis is likely - a purulent lesion of the node itself. In this case, you need to contact the surgeon. Minor surgery may be required, and if treated early, the infection can sometimes be managed with antibiotics.

Their reasons are different: more often it is a viral infection, mechanical trauma, hormonal disorders. Sometimes warts and papillomas grow out of the blue, for no apparent reason, and can be located on any part of the body, including the mucous membranes of the genital organs. For the most part, these are harmless outgrowths that cause only cosmetic discomfort or interfere with wearing clothes or underwear. However, the variety of their shapes, colors and sizes does not allow one to independently distinguish a benign wart, condyloma or soft fibroma from malignant skin diseases. Therefore, when a suspicious outgrowth appears on the skin, it is advisable to show it to a dermatologist or oncologist.

Thickening in the breast (in the mammary gland)

Almost every woman faces breast seals at various times in her life. In the second phase of the cycle, especially on the eve of menstruation, small seals can be felt in the chest. Usually, with the onset of menstruation, these formations disappear and they are associated with a normal change in the mammary glands under the action of hormones.

If hardening or peas in the chest are palpable and after menstruation, it is advisable to contact a gynecologist who will examine the mammary glands and, if necessary, prescribe an additional study. In most cases, breast formations are benign, some of them are recommended to be removed, others are amenable to conservative treatment.

Reasons for urgent medical attention are:

• rapid increase in node size;
• pain in the mammary glands, regardless of the phase of the cycle;
• the formation does not have clear boundaries or the contours are uneven;
• retracted or deformed skin above the node, ulcer;
• there is discharge from the nipple;
• enlarged lymph nodes are palpable in the armpits.

Skin inflammation and ulcers

A whole group of skin lesions can be associated with infection. The most common cause of inflammation and suppuration is the bacterium staphylococcus aureus. The skin in the affected area turns red, swelling and compaction of various sizes appear. The surface of the skin becomes hot and painful to the touch, and the general body temperature may also rise.

Sometimes inflammation quickly spreads through the skin, capturing large areas. Such a diffuse lesion is characteristic of erysipelas (erysipelas). A more serious condition - phlegmon - is a purulent inflammation of the subcutaneous fatty tissue. Frequent are focal inflammatory diseases: carbuncle and furuncle, which are formed when the hair follicles and sebaceous glands are damaged.

Surgeons are involved in the treatment of purulent-inflammatory diseases of the skin and soft tissues. With the appearance of redness, pain and swelling on the skin, accompanied by fever, you need to contact them for help as soon as possible. In the initial stages, the problem can be solved with antibiotics, in more advanced cases, you have to resort to surgery.

Malignant tumors

Compared to other skin lesions, malignant tumors are very rare. As a rule, at first there is a focus of compaction or a nodule in the thickness of the skin, which gradually grows. Usually the tumor does not hurt or itch. The surface of the skin may be normal, flaky, crusty, or dark in color.

Signs of malignancy are:

• uneven and indistinct borders of the tumor;
• enlargement of adjacent lymph nodes;
• rapid growth in education;
• cohesion with the surface of the skin, immobility when probing;
• bleeding and ulceration on the surface of the focus.

A tumor can develop at the site of a mole, like melanoma. It can be located under the skin, like a sarcoma, or at the site of a lymph node - a lymphoma. If you suspect a malignant neoplasm of the skin, you should contact an oncologist as soon as possible.

Which doctor should I contact with a lump or lump on the skin?

If you are concerned about formations on the body, find a good doctor using the On the Correction service:

• dermatologist - if the seal looks like a wart or papilloma;
• surgeon - if surgical treatment of an abscess or a benign tumor is required;
• an oncologist to rule out a tumor.

If you think a different specialist is needed, use our Who Treats This Help section. There, based on your symptoms, you can more accurately determine the choice of a doctor. You can also start with an initial diagnosis by a therapist.

Having found a seal on our leg under the skin, we often immediately think about the worst - oncological diseases. Meanwhile, there are much more harmless neoplasms, and they are much more common than malignant ones.

A seal has formed on the leg - causes

Subcutaneous seals on the legs, if we are talking about the foot, are most often the result of wearing uncomfortable shoes. As a result of exposure to the skin by friction, it gradually coarsens, skin growths form. If measures are not taken, they will quickly lead to coarsening of deeper tissues. In this case, there will be only one way out - surgical intervention. That is why a regular pedicure is not a luxury, but an obligatory item of the sanitary and hygienic standards of a modern person.

If the seal on the leg is above the ankle, the reasons for its appearance can be considered purely medical:

• cyst;
• atheroma;
• abscess;
• rheumatoid node;
• inflamed lymph node;
• encapsulated foreign body;
• superficial malignant neoplasm (basal cell carcinoma, neurofibromatosis).

To understand exactly why a seal appeared on the leg, you should know the main characteristics of all the ailments listed above. For example, a seal on the leg under the skin with redness indicates the onset of the inflammatory process. It is characteristic of an abscess, a cyst, and, in particular, the results of injuries. Getting under the skin of a small piece of glass, metal, even a scratch - all this can lead to the appearance of a seal. In this case, the patient may not experience other health problems, but most often some additional symptoms still occur:

Lipoma, like atheroma, does not cause pain and does not visually stand out. Rheumatoid and lymph nodes can hurt. Malignant neoplasms are also usually not accompanied by additional symptoms. You can identify them with a blood or tissue test. Only a qualified doctor can do this. That is why it is important not to hesitate to go to the hospital: the sooner the correct diagnosis is established, the more likely it is that trouble will bypass you.

Self-treatment and, especially, folk methods, in this case, will do more harm than good - a cyst can burst when heated, an abscess can lead to blood poisoning, and a simple wen - to extensive internal inflammation. Don't take risks!