What is estrus in a dog. How to understand that a dog is in heat: physiological and behavioral signs. How does estrus occur in dogs

Each dog breeder in one way or another encountered estrus (pustovka). The owners of bitches are directly connected, and the owners of males are connected indirectly, through their pets. Therefore, owners of animals of both sexes need clear ideas about the ongoing process. Knowledge of changes in physiology and behavior will help to mat the bitch at the right time or, if pregnancy is not desired, to avoid unpleasant situations.

The first estrus in miniature dogs can happen at 6-8 months, in the largest - at 12-16. It does not last long and the amount of discharge is minimal. Subsequent ones occur at intervals of once every six months or a year. The frequency depends on the size of the animal.

The first emptying means that the bitch has reached puberty, but for bearing a healthy litter and successful birth, not only puberty, but also physiological maturity is required. Therefore, mating an animal in the first estrus is unacceptable.

Process steps

Consider all successive stages.

Proestrus.
This is the first stage of the emptying, it is also called the forerunner. The approximate duration is from a week to ten days. At this time, the maturation of the eggs occurs. Due to the high level of estrogen, blood flow in the uterus and vulva increases. The uterine capillaries burst due to increased blood flow, mucus and clots are brought out.
The discharge at this stage is bloody, and brightens towards the end of proestrus. The vulva (loop) swells, but remains rigid. The dog has frequent urination. In the urine and on the bedding, bloody drops or smears are noticeable.
The animal becomes excitable, can mark territory and show aggression towards other bitches. With the course of proestrus, she begins to flirt with males, but does not allow cage. The end of the forerunner approximately coincides with the moment of ovulation.
Estrus.
The second stage lasts about a week. During estrus, the eggs are fully prepared for fertilization. The discharge becomes pink-yellow and transparent. The loop swells as much as possible, becomes soft.
The behavior of the bitch clearly signals readiness for mating.
When meeting with a male, she falls on her front paws with her tail laid to the side, tightens the noose and assumes a characteristic pose, encouraging mounting. The second to fifth day of estrus is most suitable for mating.
Metestrus.
The beginning of the third phase is usually counted from the moment when the bitch stops letting the males. Metestrus lasts from a week to 20 days. At this time, estrogen levels return to normal, and progesterone levels rise.
As a result, there may be. The physiology of the pet gradually returns to normal, the swelling of the loop and the discharge come to naught. Metestrus smoothly turns into anestrus - the time of sexual dormancy, which will last until the next emptying. With age, the period of anestrus becomes longer.

It should be emphasized that these data are averaged. A dog is a living organism, and the physiological processes described above cannot be repeated with automatic precision. Deviations of 2-4 days in any direction are considered the norm.

The exact periods of emptying and ovulation can only be determined in the process of laboratory research.

How long a dog's estrus lasts is affected by the animal's general health, age, and individual characteristics. As a rule, this period does not exceed 14 days.

In cases where estrus is significantly delayed or does not stop for more than a month, if purulent discharge occurs, the bitch does not get out of the state of false pregnancy on her own, an examination by a veterinarian is necessary. If obtaining offspring is not included in the plans of the owners, castration is indicated after complete recovery.

Host behavior

The fact that the process has begun, the owners can find out by the behavior of all the males on the paddock. From now on, owners must comply with a number of measures that will save them from unnecessary consequences.

You will have to walk the animal only on a leash, and in case of signs of aggression - and in a muzzle. Even if there is no one around, you can’t let the girl off the leash. A bitch in heat stops responding to commands and can simply run away. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly control the leash and literally not let her out of sight.
You can also move the walks to a time when there are fewer tribesmen on the site and reduce the walking time.
during estrus, it is better not to walk at all, but to use a cat tray or a diaper.
Carpets can be rolled up during heat. Even if the dog takes good care of itself and does not stain the bedding, the unpleasant smell eats into soft surfaces for a long time. You can wear special pants on the dog, they come in any size.

It is also easier for the owner of the dog to take him on a leash in time than to catch up with him later and drag him away.

In conclusion, it must be emphasized that the signs of estrus in bitches are easily identified, and the actions of the owners do not imply anything other than special attention and control.

Knowing and following these simple rules will keep animals healthy and save their owners not only nerves, but also money.

Female dogs are very attached to their owner, they are distinguished by a complaisant and friendly character. However, the content of the dog is often associated with some inconvenience, which must be prepared.

One of these inconveniences is the natural and inevitable process of estrus in a dog, during this period a calm and obedient pet marks and becomes simply uncontrollable. The pet does not respond to commands, constantly strives to break off the leash and run away, and walking in the yard turns into a difficult process of scaring annoying males from the dog.

In order to avoid trouble during your dog's special periods of life, it is necessary to know exactly when the dog's estrus begins, the symptoms and the duration of this process.

Estrus in dogs: signs of readiness for procreation

Estrus is a period of a dog's life, which is accompanied by the manifestation of sexual hunting, a positive reaction of the dog to the male.

The onset of puberty in a dog depends on the breed, conditions of detention and nutrition. In dogs of small and medium breeds, the first estrus begins at the age of 6-7 months, in large dogs, estrus occurs at 11-18 months. In order to conceive, endure and raise healthy offspring, the dog must reach not only sexual, but also physiological maturity. It occurs at about two years of age. The time of onset of physiological maturity in a dog depends on the breed of the animal.

When a dog's estrus begins, changes occur in the pet's behavior. The animal begins to behave restlessly, may show aggression towards other dogs and people. During a walk, the pet does not listen to the commands of the owner, it can break off the leash and run away. In some dogs, the onset of estrus can be determined by physiological signs: pale pink discharge from the loop, the dog begins to mark more often on the street or in the apartment.

How many days does estrus last in dogs: stages of estrus and their duration

The sexual cycle in dogs has four stages. It is especially important to know the stages of estrus in your pet for those who plan to breed a dog, since successful mating can only occur on certain days of estrus.

A dog's estrus lasts approximately 21 days. It begins with the appearance of pinkish discharge. The end of estrus can be considered when the dog becomes unfriendly with males.

The frequency of estrus in dogs can vary from 6 to 8 months. Several factors, such as time of year, hereditary predisposition, and emotional state, affect the timing of estrus.

The onset of estrus (proestrus) lasts 6-9 days. During this period, changes in the behavior of the dog are observed: it often marks the territory, attracting males. Dogs of the opposite sex are sensitive to chemicals called "pheromones" excreted in their urine. During the beginning of estrus, the dog does not allow the male to approach him. When he tries to get closer, the dog jumps back, sits down, growls and drives the dog away.

The second phase of the cycle - estrus, or estrus itself, lasts for 9 days. At this time, the dog begins to mark, flirt with the male, she is ready for mating. When touched from behind, she takes her tail to the side, falls on her front paws.

The third phase of the cycle is metestrus. This is a period of recovery of all processes in the dog's body. Its duration is 60-150 days. Throughout the entire period, the dog does not allow the male to approach him.

The fourth phase of the reproductive cycle is anestrus, or the period of sexual dormancy. It lasts from 100 to 150 days.

The dog marks: what to do and how to avoid the difficulties of estrus?

In order to cope with the manifestations of estrus in a dog, breeders and dog owners recommend the use of drugs to regulate estrus.

Preparations of the trademark CounterSex Neo are modern hormonal preparations for the regulation of sexual desire and the prevention of unwanted pregnancy in case of accidental mating.

Many dog breeders and owners use ContrSex Neo for the following reasons:

High efficiency

With the help of ContrSex Neo preparations, it is possible to effectively correct the behavior of the dog, solve the problems of aggression, marks in dogs during estrus; prevent unwanted pregnancy.

Convenience

The drug ContrSex Neo is available in the form of drops and tablets. Each owner can choose for his dog the most comfortable form of the drug, in which it will be convenient for him to give the remedy to the animal

Safety

ContrSex Neo is a bihormonal drug of a new generation. The drug is safe due to the minimum content of two modern active ingredients in it.

Reversibility of action: in the future, animals can have offspring

The owner can independently apply the drug to the dog without additional consultation of a veterinarian

4 simple rules for keeping a dog in heat

An important factor is the content of the dog during estrus. If you do not plan to breed a dog and get puppies from it, at the first signs of estrus, you need to start taking precautions:

Closely monitor the dog during the walk, exclude all contact with dogs of the opposite sex;
Walk the dog on a short leash: even the most well-mannered and docile pet can run away during estrus, not paying attention to any commands;

Do not allow the dog to mate - it is almost impossible to separate animals during intercourse;
Do not take the dog during estrus to competitions and exhibitions. This will cause anxiety among the males present at the show. In addition, a dog during estrus poorly perceives commands and is naughty.

Cleanliness above all else

It is important to keep your dog clean while in heat. Most female dogs are very clean and lick themselves. However, in some cases, the pet needs to be looked after additionally. If your dog is well-mannered and knows the “place” command while in the apartment, he will stay in his sleeping place. Your task will be only to regularly change or clean the bedding. If your pet is used to walking freely around the apartment, you will have to clean up the inevitable traces behind her. Never punish your dog for this.

Some owners, in order to avoid traces of estrus, put on special panties or panties on the dog. Such “clothes” will be able to protect the pet during a special period of her life and will prevent the appearance of stains on the floor, carpets and furniture in the apartment.

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In order to answer the question of how long a dog's estrus lasts, you need to understand what your dog's sexual cycle is and what are the durations of your dog's sexual cycle phases.
Knowing the number of sexual cycles of your dog per year, you will know how many times a year there will be estrus. By adding up the duration of the first and second phases of your dog's sexual cycle, you will know how long the dog's estrus lasts.

Sexual cycle of a dog or how many times dogs have heat.

Monocyclicity, i.e. reproduction once a year, is typical only for wild animals - strictly in a certain, favorable season for this. The gonads of male and female wild animals function only during this season.
A distinctive feature of domestic animals from wild ones is reproduction two or more times a year, the so-called polycyclicity.
Female domestic dogs have a polycyclicity of two to three sexual cycles during the year. In male domestic dogs (stud dogs), the testicles function all year round. The number of sexual cycles of your dog is mainly determined by the conditions in which the dog is kept. If your dog (female) lives in a city apartment, then the influence of the external climatic environment on it is minimal, and it can have two or three sexual cycles per year. Enclosed or free-range dogs have two estrous cycles per year.
The cycle of native breeds is closer to the cycle of wild representatives and estrus in such dogs takes place once a year, in a certain season.
As a result, the number of your dog's sexual cycles per year determines how many times the dog goes into heat.

Phases of the sexual cycle.

The sexual cycle of a dog includes four phases.

PHASE 1 - PROESTRUS - ESTRUSIS.
The period lasts from 3 to 20 days, but in most dogs it is 7-10 days. In the ovaries, the growth and maturation of follicles that secrete female sex hormones - estrogens.
In a bitch, the functions of the mucous genital organs are enhanced, the loop swells, the size of the uterine horns increases, the walls of the uterus and vagina thicken.
During this period, the bitch's behavior changes, she becomes naughty, active, playful, often urinates, making marks on the territory. During this period, the bitch reacts aggressively to males, not letting them near her.

PHASE 2 - ESTRUS - HUNT.
The period lasts approximately 4 to 12 days.
The color of the discharge in the bitch becomes less bloody, closer to pale pink. During this period, the bitch is ready to mate.
In a bitch, the loop increases sharply in size, becomes swollen, soft when touched, the bitch reacts, takes her tail to the side, stands up. The second, third day from the start of the hunt is the best time for mating. Control mating can be done after 24-48 hours.
The duration of estrus in dogs is the total period of the first and second phases of the sexual cycle.

PHASE 3 - METAESTRUS - AFTER ESTRUS.
The discharge stops in the bitch, the loop gradually decreases in size. During this period, the bitch does not allow males to approach her.
Pregnancy lasts approximately 60-67 days. If a

The presence of estrus indicates that the dog is ready for mating and carrying a pregnancy. At the physiological level, the first estrus indicates that the eggs have begun to mature in the body of the bitch, and the genitals are ready to perform their reproductive functions. What are the features of the course of this period should every owner of a female dog know so that the process does not take you by surprise.

Dog age at first heat

Puberty in a dog occurs between 7 months and 1.5 years and is manifested by increased molting. The age of the first estrus in females of small breeds is 6-8 months (sometimes up to 11-12), in large breeds - 12-15 months (or even up to 18). Usually this period comes after the change of teeth.
With all the conventions of terms, estrus earlier than 5 or later than 18 months is no longer the norm.
The estrus period lasts from 3 to 4 weeks. In the case of more or less, you should consult a veterinarian for advice in order to exclude hormonal disorders and / or pathologies of the reproductive system. But only if several heats last with a deviation in duration. The very first estrus can be short and almost imperceptible - as a variant of the individual norm.
The bitch should be bred for 3 estrus - a period of physiological maturity, if the goal is to get healthy offspring without health complications, both for dogs and puppies.
Frequency - 1-2 times annually. In more frequent or rarer cases, hormonal disorders should be excluded.
Inexperienced owners may not notice the first heat, because. sometimes it is not pronounced and only 2 weeks, instead of the usual three.
After the first estrus, it is always desirable to record all subsequent cycles and their duration in order to track the dynamics of sexual activity and identify deviations in the course.
In older dogs, estrus occurs less and less frequently.

Metamorphoses in the female body during estrus

How is the first heat going? In dogs, it consists of 4 consecutive stages:

stage 1 - proestrus. It lasts from a week to 10 days. The initial signs of estrus are noted: there is an additional blood flow to the genitals, they increase, the vulva swells, scanty spotting is noticed. The dog can “drip” around the apartment, so you can put on special underpants or keep it in a separate room. The first day of estrus can go completely unnoticed or be noticeable only to a very attentive owner.

Here the dog is not ready for mating, although it flirts with males. Explanation - no ovulation yet. Outwardly, some excitability of the animal is manifested, playfulness can be replaced by disobedience and vice versa. On a walk, he can make marks in different places with urine.

Stage 2 - estrus. This is already the period of direct hunting, when ovulation occurs (conditionally from the second day from the start of the period). Approximately occurs 1.5 weeks after the first spotting was detected. It is now that the bitch begins to be interested in males with reciprocity. Mating can happen once, and the bitch can continue to reach for males even further. This must be taken into account when you need to get a clean litter from high pedigree dogs.

The landmark of this period is the enlightenment of the discharge from the bitch - red turns into light pink, their number decreases. The vulva swells even more. When the dog approaches, the bitch freezes, raises her pelvis, reflexively moves her tail to the side and tightens the loop.

Stage 3 - metaestrus. It lasts about a decade and is characterized by the end of estrus. The discharge disappears, the bitch does not allow more males to approach her, the vulva decreases in size.

If fertilization does not occur, then the organism gradually punctuates into a dormant state. Sometimes a state of false pregnancy can occur due to an excess of the "pregnancy hormone" (as progesterone is called). In the ideal case, everything goes away on its own, otherwise you should seek help from a veterinarian.

Stage 4 - anestrus or period of sexual dormancy. The duration of this period reaches up to 150 days (about 5 months). This is the period of the normal way of life of the dog.

Signs of sexual activity in a bitch

Usually the first estrus is accompanied by signs similar to all subsequent ones. In terms of severity, it can be semi-hidden or, conversely, pronounced.

The main signs of the first estrus:

increased activity of the bitch, playfulness, outwardly it seems that the dog is constantly fussing, does not find a place for himself;
frequent urge to urinate, the dog can constantly rush to the street;
there may be slight swelling of the mammary glands;
there is an increase in the size of the external genital organs, discharge appears, with which the dog can stain various surfaces in the house (furniture, floor, carpets, etc.)

Important: the discharge should be of a homogeneous mucous consistency, without foreign inclusions and impurities, without strong odors, color from bloody to pale pink and straw, depending on the stage of the cycle. If any changes are found, be sure to show the pet to the veterinarian!

shows attention to males and actively lets them approach him (the moment of clarification of the discharge);
appetite may increase, it may disappear altogether;
when a male comes up to a bitch, she freezes in place, lifts up and takes her tail to the side;
molting - the bitch decently sheds when estrus begins;
by the end of the cycle, the animal may look tired, sleep a lot, and categorically no longer allow dogs to approach it.

What can the owner do

Interfering with the natural processes of hormonal regulation without a sharp need is not only not necessary, but also not advisable. What to do at the first estrus to the owner? It is important to alleviate the condition of the pet and make the hunting period safe.

Be sure to record the start of estrus and the age of the dog at that moment. Pay attention to the duration and nature of the manifestation of the stages in the cycle. Note for yourself the behavior and clinical manifestations of estrus throughout the cycle.
The dog should be monitored with increased attention, but you should not scold her for unusual behavior during this period.
So that the bitch does not stain anything around her with secretions, it is recommended to put on special underpants on her or keep her in a separate room, regularly changing the bedding in the place where the animal sleeps.
Walking the dog should be carried out only on a leash in order to avoid escapes and unnecessary contact with males.
Categorically do not allow other dogs to lick the loop of the dog in order to exclude infection.
When estrus starts, bitches are usually not taken to shows, festivals or dog competitions.
Swimming in open natural reservoirs is not recommended to avoid infection with various infections.
Interrupt estrus by medication should be done only with the strict indication of a veterinarian.
You should monitor the diet and the frequency of feeding - overfeeding is not recommended.
It is not desirable to fertilize the bitch in the very first estrus, because. the body has not yet prepared for bearing puppies.
Be sure to redeem the bitch after the first estrus, washing off from her a kind of “willing” smell that attracts males, which will allow you to quickly move to the resting stage if fertilization does not happen.
If the owner of the dog does not plan to breed puppies, then at the end of the first estrus it is better to sterilize the dog

Why is there no flow

With good general health and the state of the reproductive and hormonal systems, the first estrus in a dog occurs at the usual time and then repeats with a certain cyclical regularity. If the dog is older than 18 months and the first estrus has not yet occurred, it is necessary to seek the advice of a veterinarian to find out the reason for such a delay.

The main reasons for the delay / absence of the first estrus:

poor living conditions, improper or insufficient feeding;
violation of the hormonal regulation of the reproductive system;
congenital disorders in the development and structure of the genital organs;
ovarian dysfunction (hypofunction, lack of appropriate hormones in the corresponding period);
dysfunction of the pituitary and / or thyroid gland;
tumors and / or other neoplasms, cysts of the pelvic organs or directly on the ovaries;
endocrine pathologies;
chronic inflammatory processes in the uterus;
hermaphroditism (for example, when underdeveloped testes are found instead of ovaries).

Question answer

Question:
Neutering a dog - before the first estrus, during or after?

At what age should a dog be neutered if puppies are not needed and there is no desire to experience “empty” estrus over and over again? All experts agree in one opinion - the dog must be healthy and properly prepared, and age does not really matter. Early sterilization before the first estrus is available only to an excellent surgeon with extensive experience, because. the younger the dog, the more difficult it is to find her ovaries.

During sexual hunting, dogs are not sterilized to avoid sudden hormonal fluctuations and disruptions. There are also risks (minimal, but there are) that during the period of estrus there will be difficulties in the action of anesthesia and its tolerability.

After the first estrus, sterilization is also carried out - on a common basis.

Question:
How many times a year does a dog go into heat?

Usually estrus occurs in dogs once or twice every year. It all depends on the size of the animal, breed and health.

The peculiarity of hormonal regulation in cats and dogs is such that with sharp hormonal changes and disorders, various pathologies of the genital organs are provoked, including purulent inflammation, tumors, etc. Taking drugs that interrupt estrus in its active phase is possible, but for this there must be a serious reason or indication for health reasons. And although it is up to the owner to decide whether to interrupt or not to interrupt, the veterinarian must explain all the possible risks from such hormonal experiments.

When choosing a female dog as a pet, it is advisable for owners to be prepared for estrus periods and know how they manifest themselves. Firstly, instability and deviations from the norm can signal that the pet has health problems, and secondly, special vigilance is needed at this time to avoid unplanned offspring, or, conversely, organize a planned mating. And if the owner is aware of the physiological characteristics of his animal, then he will find out in time when the estrus begins in dogs, and if something goes wrong, seek help from a veterinary clinic.

If we talk in general about estrus in dogs, then usually this period is quite recognizable by certain signs. As for the first heat, it has its own individual characteristics. In most cases, a dog's estrus begins after the teeth have changed, but it will not be possible to calculate more accurately.

In small dogs, the period of the first estrus occurs at the age of six months to 10 months and is accompanied by characteristic signs. In representatives of medium and large breeds, with normal development, the first estrus in dogs can begin in the period from 6 to 13 months.

There are situations when the first estrus passes unnoticed (hidden pustovka) - the discharge is very scarce, and the males do not show due interest. However, vigilance should not be lost, since such a heat is full. The duration of the first estrus is much shorter than the subsequent ones.

In females, the development of which is close to puberty, the appearance of a false estrus is possible. If during this period, then estrus may stop without the process of ovulation. But after a few days, the bitch may leak again, but with the release of the egg from the ovary and the possibility of fertilization.

If the owner expects to receive offspring from his dog in the future, then he must definitely record the time of the first estrus and the next. The most successful time for the first knitting falls on the third cycle.

The main signs of estrus in dogs

How does a leak appear? First of all, you can determine the estrus in a dog by its behavior, and it changes significantly. The female increases activity, she becomes overly playful and may ignore commands. This is all the result of a hormonal surge. Among the main signs of estrus, the following can be noted:

the dog begins to sit down to urinate more often (in fact, she marks the territory so that potential gentlemen are aware that she is ready to accept courtship);
bloody discharge oozing from the loop;
she often licks under her tail;
the female begins to flirt with the males, in turn they show an active interest;
often precedes estrus.

At first, dogs do not let representatives of the opposite sex in, they may even show aggression at too intrusive courtship, since their body is not yet ready for.

After one and a half to two weeks, the structure of the discharge changes in the dog, they become like yellowish mucus. During this period, the female feels a strong sexual desire, especially if she notices males nearby, while her tail is moved to the side, and her body takes the stance necessary for sexual intercourse. The loop increases significantly in size.

In such an excited state, the bitch can be from 5 to 7 days. If the owner wants to tie the dog, then he must mark these days. The most suitable time for mating falls on the 9-17th day, less often on the 21st. But in this case, everything is individual and depends on the breed of the pet.

Phased passage of estrus or how long estrus lasts in dogs

The entire animal cycle is divided into four stages:

Proestrus (or it is called the forerunner). Duration 1-1.5 weeks. At this time, the process of blood circulation in the genital area increases significantly, the loop swells, the first, initially meager, bleeding discharges appear. During this period, the dog is not yet ready for mating, since ovulation has not yet occurred. But external signs are already evident - she becomes playful, she may not obey the owner, run away. On the walk, he spends more time sniffing around and constantly crouching to leave marks. Males are already experiencing increased interest, however, when trying to copulate, the bitch growls and snaps.
Estrus (active sexual hunting). During this period of time, more precisely the first two days, the process of ovulation falls. But the bitch can keep the gentlemen away for a few more days. A little later, at the sight of a potential groom, the female raises the back of the body, tightens the noose and removes the tail to the side to facilitate the penetration process. At the same time, she freezes and patiently waits for action from the male. The discharge from the loop can be different, but normally the right period for mating comes when they turn a light pink hue or completely disappear. In addition, the vulva swells significantly.
Metaestrus (final stage of estrus). The duration of this period is several days. The discharge stops, the loop returns to its previous dimensions, the bitch again does not allow gentlemen to approach her. If fertilization does not occur, then the female becomes calm again. However, the dog still undergoes hormonal changes - the level of progesterone, which is not without reason called the pregnancy hormone, rises. And this happens regardless of whether the female became pregnant or not. Such a condition becomes the cause of such a phenomenon as a false pregnancy, which basically passes without outside help and negative consequences.
Anestrus (phase of sexual tranquility). The duration of this stage is approximately 100-150 days and allows the body of the animal to recover before the next estrus.

The frequency of estrus in dogs can vary due to some concomitant factors. For example, in domestic dogs, it happens twice a year - in autumn and at the end of winter. In some cases, turnover is limited to once a year.

Dogs kept outdoors, including those from the north, shed once a year in early spring to give birth to puppies during the warmer months.

What to do to avoid mating

This question is most often asked by owners of dogs who do not plan to breed. But he is not alien to people who keep breeding dogs, because an unplanned mating can be an unpleasant surprise.

The main condition is to carefully monitor the dog on the walk, do not let go of the leash and not allow strangers to approach significantly.

In addition, you can purchase a special tool in veterinary pharmacies or pet stores that destroys the smell that attracts males. They process the back of the pet's torso before each walk.

What to do to get offspring

If the pet is thoroughbred and the owners plan to get good offspring, then as soon as the period of sexual hunting begins, mating can be carried out. By this time, a suitable gentleman should already be selected and you can go with the "bride" for mating. It would be better if the case will take place on the territory of the male.

Features for the care of a female in heat

On the eve of the first estrus, the female may experience discharge from the loop, the so-called juvenile, containing a small amount of pus in its composition. You should not worry, as this phenomenon is quite normal. Everything will be back to normal as soon as the heat passes. If this does not happen, then it is worth undergoing an examination to identify various pathologies.

To make the estrus period more hygienic (especially for estrus dogs kept in an apartment), you can purchase special elastic panties for single use. They will allow the dog not to leave blood stains around the house. But still, you should not wear them all the time, as veterinarians advise letting the female remove the discharge herself by licking it.

At the first heat, the dog may not understand how to behave, so it is worth teaching him to clean up after himself. And for this, it is necessary to remove carpets and carpets from the floor.

During estrus, the dog requires special care:

it is worth avoiding long walks in the cold season so that the pet does not;
no need to take it to places where other dogs congregate;
walks must be carried out strictly on a leash.

If suddenly it was not possible to prevent unwanted mating, then it is strictly forbidden to give the dog means that promote abortion. This can cause significant health problems for the pet, which often lead to infertility in the dog.