Download presentation Italy after the Second World War. Presentation on the topic of Italy after the Second World War. Fragments from the presentation

Presentation on the topic "Italy" on history in powerpoint format. The purpose of this presentation for schoolchildren is to acquaint students with the post-war situation in Italy, to tell how the formation of the republic took place in the country. Author of the presentation: history teacher, Antonenkova A.V.

Fragments from the presentation

Proclamation of the Republic:

The Resistance movement played a large role in the liberation of Northern Italy from German troops
Overthrow of B. Mussolini

Centrism

A feature of the Italian party-political system was the dominant position for 50 years of the Christian Democratic Party.

Neo-fascists took their place on the far right flank – National Right Party
The opposition left flank was represented by communists and socialists

A policy that rejected alliances with both the left and the right.

Italian "economic miracle"

For almost two decades, the Italian economy has developed at a high and steady pace - an average of 5.7% per year (for comparison in past years - 2%). During this time, Italy has transformed from an agrarian-industrial country into a highly developed country. This leap was called the Italian “economic miracle"

Reasons for the Italian "economic miracle"

External:

Liberalization of world trade
Stabilization of the global financial system
Marshall Plan relief

Internal:

Availability of cheap labor
Italian Entrepreneurship
Liberating society from totalitarian control
Active role of the public sector
Italy's purchase of licenses and patents for the latest technologies and inventions

Government of S. Berlusconi (2001-2006)

The policy was built on the basis of neoconservatism:

encouragement of private market initiative
Tax reduction
Inheritance tax abolished
Reduced taxes for entrepreneurs
But growth remained at zero, unemployment increased;
Conducted political reform (proportional election system)
His government developed a reform of the country's government

But lack of economic success and high unemployment have undermined voters' trust in the right.

Return to politics

On April 14–15, 2008, Silvio Berlusconi won early elections to the Italian parliament. The previous owner of the Chigi Palace, Romano Prodi, occupied it for only 18 months.
On May 8, 2008, he was officially appointed Chairman of the Council of Ministers of Italy. On November 12, 2011, he resigned.

Italian "economic miracle". The Italian Economic Miracle is a period of rapid economic growth in Italy between the mid-1950s and mid-1970s, during which the country's economy transformed from an agrarian-industrial economy into one of the most industrialized in the world and became one of the world's leaders. Italy emerged from the Second World War among the most damaged and destroyed European countries. represents the modernization of the economy and its development to the level of one of the largest economies in the world. The engines of the economic boom were the foresight and economic savvy of Italian entrepreneurs, as well as the discovery of methane and hydrocarbonate deposits on the Padan Plain, which gave impetus to a new development of iron and steel industry. The rise of Italian steel production was also facilitated by US assistance provided in accordance with the Marshall Plan and aimed at restoring key industries. The main goal of these injections was the development of industrial sectors of the economy to a level that would allow them to be competitive in the Common Market space.

Since the beginning of the 50s, Italy entered a period of exceptionally rapid industrial development, surpassing all European countries in the rate of average annual growth in industrial production, and on a global scale second only to Japan. Since the beginning of the 50s, Italy entered a period of exceptionally rapid industrial development, surpassing all European countries in the rate of average annual growth in industrial production, and on a global scale second only to Japan. In 1959, 1960, 1961 and 1962, economic growth reached 6.4%, 5.8%, 6.8% and 6.1% of GDP, respectively. In the period 1957-1960, the average annual increase in industrial production was 31.4%. The following industries showed even more impressive growth: automotive industry - 89%, precision engineering - 83%, production of artificial fibers - 66.8%. In total, during the period from 1953-1962 the volume of industrial production in Italy tripled. The Korean War (1950-1953) and the need for steel associated with the production of tanks and aircraft gave further acceleration to Italian industrial and economic growth. Since 1964, growth has averaged 8% annually, and in the most developed industrial cities of the North (Milan, Genoa, Turin) development has proceeded at an even faster pace. The main products were: fashionable clothing and shoes (mainly Milan), typewriters (Olivetti company), washing machines, cars (FIAT, Lamborghini, Maserati, Ferrari), equipment, gasoline. Italy began to stabilize imports and exports. Economic growth was so impressive that even US President John F. Kennedy praised the performance of the Italian economy during lunch with Italian President Antonio Segni in Rome.

The work can be used for lessons and reports on the subject "History"

Ready-made presentations on history are intended both for independent study by students and for teachers during lessons. When using a history presentation in the educational process, teachers spend less time preparing for the lesson and increase the assimilation of the material by students. In this section of the site you can download ready-made presentations on history for grades 5,6,7,8,9,10, as well as many presentations on the history of the fatherland.

Proclamation of the Republic. The Resistance movement, which played an important role in the liberation of Northern Italy from German troops, and the removal of dictator Mussolini from power were the reasons why Italy, being an aggressor and ally of Germany, did not lose its statehood. The Italians were given the right to restore the democratic regime. The Resistance movement, which played an important role in the liberation of Northern Italy from German troops, and the removal of the dictator Mussolini from power were the reasons why Italy, being an aggressor and ally of Germany, did not lose its statehood. The Italians were given the right to restore the democratic regime. The question of the form of government was decided by a referendum on June 2, 1946. The Italians spoke in favor of a republic. The question of the form of government was decided in a referendum on June 2, 1946. The Italians spoke out for a republic. The elections made it possible to evaluate the positions of the main political parties: the Christian Democratic Party (CDP) received 35% of the votes, the Socialist Party (ISP) - 20%, the Communist Party (PC) - 19%. The elections made it possible to evaluate the positions of the main political parties: Christian Democratic Party (CDA) received 35% of the votes, the Socialist Party (ISP) - 20%, the Communist Party (PCI) - 19%. Thus, a parliamentary republic with a multi-party system was established in Italy. Thus, a parliamentary republic with a multi-party system was established in Italy.

Centrism. The peculiarity of the Italian party-political system was the dominant position for almost half a century of the Christian Democratic Party. The opposition left flank was represented by communists and socialists, who were allies from the time of the Resistance movement until 1954. A feature of the Italian party-political system was the dominant position for almost half a century of the Christian Democratic Party. The opposition left flank was represented by communists and socialists, who were allies from the time of the Resistance movement until 1954. On the extreme right flank, the neo-fascists - the national legal party - took their place. On the extreme right flank, the neo-fascists - the national legal party - took their place. In 1960, Italy experienced a serious crisis. The Christian Democratic Party lost the support of a number of small parties and tried to rely on neo-fascists. In 1960, Italy experienced a serious crisis. The Christian Democratic Party lost the support of a number of small parties and tried to rely on neo-fascists. Before this incident, the CDA rejected alliances with both the left and the right flank of the party-political system.Before this incident, the CDA rejected alliances with both the left and the right flank of the party-political system. This position was assessed as centrism.This position was assessed as centrism.

Italian "economic miracle". period of rapid economic growth in Italy between the mid-1950s and mid-1970s, during which the Italian economic miracle period of rapid economic growth in Italy between the mid-1950s and mid-1970s, during which the country's economy transformed from an agrarian-industrial economy to one of the most industrialized in the world and is among the world leaders. The country's economy has transformed from an agrarian-industrial one into one of the most industrialized in the world and has become one of the world leaders. Italy emerged from the Second World War among the most damaged and destroyed European countries. represents the modernization of the economy and its development to the level of one of the largest economies in the world. The engines of the economic boom were the foresight and economic savvy of Italian entrepreneurs, as well as the discovery of methane and hydrocarbonate deposits on the Padan Plain, which gave impetus to a new development of iron and steel industry. The rise of Italian steel production was also facilitated by US assistance provided in accordance with the Marshall Plan and aimed at restoring key industries. The main goal of these injections was the development of industrial sectors of the economy to a level that would allow them to be competitive in the Common Market space.

Since the beginning of the 50s, Italy has entered a period of exceptionally rapid industrial development, surpassing all European countries in terms of average annual growth in industrial production, and on a global scale second only to Japan. Since the beginning of the 50s, Italy has entered a period of exceptionally rapid industrial development, surpassing all European countries in terms of average annual growth in industrial production, and on a global scale second only to Japan. In 1959, 1960, 1961 and 1962, economic growth reached 6.4%, 5.8%, 6.8% and 6.1% of GDP, respectively. During the period, the average annual increase in industrial production was 31.4%. The following industries showed even more impressive growth: In 1959, 1960, 1961 and 1962, economic growth reached 6.4%, 5.8%, 6.8% and 6.1% of GDP, respectively. During the period, the average annual increase in industrial production was 31.4%. The following industries showed even more impressive growth: automotive industry 89%, automotive industry 89%, precision engineering 83%, precision engineering 83%, production of artificial fibers 66.8%. production of artificial fibers 66.8%. In total, over the period c, the volume of industrial production in Italy tripled.Total, over the period c, the volume of industrial production in Italy tripled. The Korean War () and the need for steel associated with the production of tanks and aircraft gave further acceleration to Italian industrial and economic growth. Since 1964, growth has averaged 8% annually, and in the most developed industrial cities of the North (Milan, Genoa, Turin) development has proceeded at an even faster pace. The main production of steel: The Korean War () and the need for steel associated with the production of tanks and aircraft gave further acceleration to Italian industrial and economic growth. Since 1964, growth has averaged 8% annually, and in the most developed industrial cities of the North (Milan, Genoa, Turin) development has proceeded at an even faster pace. The main products were: fashionable clothing and shoes (mainly Milan), fashionable clothing and shoes (mainly Milan), typewriters (Olivetti company)typewriters (Olivetti company) washing machines, washing machines, cars (FIAT, Lamborghini, Maserati, Ferrari), cars (FIAT, Lamborghini, Maserati, Ferrari), equipment, equipment, gasoline. gasoline. Italy began to stabilize imports and exports. Economic growth was so impressive that even US President John F. Kennedy praised the performance of the Italian economy during a lunch with Italian President Antonio Segni in Rome. Italy has begun to stabilize imports and exports. Economic growth was so impressive that even US President John F. Kennedy praised the performance of the Italian economy during lunch with Italian President Antonio Segni in Rome.

Economic situation As a result of the First World War, the country received some territories that were previously under the rule of Austria-Hungary. During the war years, Italian industry made a huge leap, especially those industries that worked directly for defense. During the war years, corporate profits increased on average threefold, and the famous Fiat concern increased its capital tenfold. However, expensive military orders and loans from the Entente countries played a cruel joke on corporations. Most of them were unable to establish work in peacetime. A wave of bankruptcies swept across the country, people lost their last savings.

France and Great Britain demanded the repayment of their loans, but there was nothing to pay them back with. In the spring of 1919, a wave of rallies and demonstrations swept across Italy. Italy stood on the threshold of a socialist revolution. The global economic crisis that broke out in 1929 manifested itself with particular force in Italy. During the first three years of the crisis, industrial production in the country fell by a third, the number of unemployed grew rapidly, and tens of thousands of peasant farms went bankrupt. Due to the economic crisis and the deterioration of the country's internal situation, Italy's aggressive aspirations intensified even more. At the same time, the relative economic and military weakness of Italian imperialism encouraged it to continue its traditional policy of maneuvering.

Political position The Italian Socialist Party (PSI) was founded back in 1892. At its origins stood such major figures as Antonio Labriola (), Andrea Costa (). In 1919, the ISP headed for the seizure of power in the country. The Italian government stayed in power thanks to populist measures of lowering food prices and distributing land plots to peasants. Internal contradictions, the absence of a clear leader and, finally, the fear of taking responsibility for the situation in the country did not allow the ISP to seize power.

In October 1922, Mussolini proclaimed the “March on Rome.” The Duce (leader) of the Italian fascists did not really believe in the success of this event, fearing that the police, with the support of the army, would defeat the Blackshirt detachments. Democracy could still have been saved, but everything turned out differently. King Victor Emmanuel III refused to sign the decree introducing a state of emergency prepared by the government. On October 31, Mussolini took over as prime minister and foreign minister, and soon became the de facto ruler of Italy.

Mussolini contributed to the adoption of a law according to which fascist detachments (squads) were turned into police units (1923). Parliamentary elections held in April 1924 under a majoritarian system gave the Nazis an overwhelming majority in the Chamber of Deputies. All opposition parties collected a total of only about 3 million votes. The murder of socialist deputy Giacomo Matteotti (), who made sharp denunciations of the fascist regime, caused an explosion of indignation in the country and led to the creation of the anti-fascist “Aventine Bloc” and to an acute crisis of the fascist regime (the so-called “Matteotti crisis”). The indecision of the opposition forces allowed Mussolini to overcome the crisis, accelerate the liquidation of the remnants of democratic institutions in Italy and complete the fascisation of the state apparatus. In January 1925, government reform began, and in November of the following year, emergency laws were passed banning all political parties and organizations except fascist ones. Opposition leaders were expelled from the country or subjected to repression. As prime minister, Mussolini remained head of government independent of parliament and responsible only to the king. The highest body of the state became the Great Fascist Council (1928), which determined the list of candidates for the Chamber of Deputies.

In the field of foreign policy, Mussolini pursued a clearly aggressive course. Italy tried to seize the Greek island of Corfu and fought wars in Libya, Somalia, and Ethiopia. In February 1929, Mussolini concluded the so-called with the Vatican. The Lateran Agreements are documents regulating the legal status of the Vatican and the relations between Italy and the Catholic Church.

Benito Mussolini (). He was born in a tiny village in the province of Romagna. In 1902 he went to work in Switzerland, where he met prominent socialists from France, Germany, Austria, and Russia. He studied German and French and wrote revolutionary articles. Returning to his homeland, Mussolini joined the ranks of the ISP, and in 1911 he moved to Milan and became the editor-in-chief of its central organ, the newspaper Avanti! In a short period of time, the newspaper's circulation increased from 28 to 100 thousand copies.

Giacomo Matteotti is one of the leaders of the Italian Socialist Party. A lawyer by training. During World War I, he was arrested and imprisoned for his anti-war activities. Member of Parliament since 1919. In October 1922, together with F. Turati and other reformists, he was expelled from the Italian Socialist Party and participated in the founding of the Unitary Socialist Party and was its political secretary. Unlike other reformists, he advocated decisive resistance to fascism. In the newly elected Chamber of Deputies, Matteotti on May 30, 1924 exposed electoral fraud and demanded that the mandates of fascist deputies be annulled. He was preparing new revelations of the fascist regime. He was kidnapped and killed by the Nazis. The murder of Matteotti caused an acute crisis in the fascist regime (the formation of the Aventine Bloc, etc.).

Test 1) In what year did a wave of rallies and demonstrations sweep across the country?

3) Founder of the newspaper “Popolo d'Italia”: Victor Emmanuel III Benito Mussolini Antonio Labriola

1 of 6

Presentation on the topic: Italy after World War II

Slide no. 1

Slide description:

Slide no. 2

Slide description:

Slide no. 3

Slide description:

Slide no. 4

Slide description:

Slide no. 5

Slide description:

Since the beginning of the 50s, Italy entered a period of exceptionally rapid industrial development, surpassing all European countries in terms of average annual growth in industrial production, and on a global scale second only to Japan. In 1959, 1960, 1961 and 1962, economic growth reached 6. 4%, 5.8%, 6.8% and 6.1% of GDP. In the period 1957-1960, the average annual increase in industrial production was 31.4%. The following industries showed even more impressive growth: automobile manufacturing - 89%, precision engineering - 83%, production of artificial fibers - 66.8%. In total, during the period from 1953-1962, industrial production in Italy tripled. Korean War (1950-1953 ) and the demand for steel associated with the production of tanks and aircraft gave further acceleration to Italian industrial and economic growth. Since 1964, growth has averaged 8% annually, and in the most developed industrial cities of the North (Milan, Genoa, Turin) development has proceeded at an even faster pace. The main products were: fashionable clothing and shoes (mainly Milan), printing machines (Olivetti company), washing machines, cars (FIAT, Lamborghini, Maserati, Ferrari), equipment, gasoline. Italy began to stabilize imports and exports. Economic growth was so impressive that even US President John F. Kennedy praised the performance of the Italian economy during lunch with Italian President Antonio Segni in Rome.