Side effects of paracetamol in adults. What helps paracetamol? How to take adults and children? Dangerous combinations and dosages

Despite the declared safety, it is necessary to strictly observe the dosage prescribed by a specialist or indicated in the annotation, with self-treatment. In case of drug abuse, adverse reactions may develop. Frequent, inappropriate use of Paracetamol, even in small doses, contributes to a decrease in immunity, the development of allergic reactions, bronchial asthma and liver failure.

Characteristics of the medicinal product

Paracetamol (Paracetamolum) is a non-hormonal anti-inflammatory drug with a wide range of uses. to eliminate symptoms such as hyperthermia, pain of various nature and origin, inflammatory manifestations in a wide range of acute and chronic diseases. It should be remembered that Paracetamol for adults and children has no therapeutic effect, that is, does not affect the cause of the appearance of pathological symptoms. Accordingly, the presence of a serious disease is subject to complex therapy prescribed by a highly qualified specialist after a series of examinations. Paracetamol in this case can only alleviate the course of the clinical manifestations of the disease.

This drug is very popular among the population of different age categories. Paracetamol is recognized as the safest drug that has the following properties:

pronounced antipyretic effect ( but sometimes you need to increase a single dose of Paracetamol for more effective and faster elimination of hyperthermia);
moderate pain reliever;
minimal anti-inflammatory, manifested by an improvement in the general condition against the background of a decrease in body temperature and the elimination of pain.

Once in the human gastrointestinal tract, the drug is rapidly absorbed in the upper sections of the small intestine, which causes the onset of the effect within 20-30 minutes. D the active substance has a depressing effect on the thermoregulatory center in the hypothalamus and receptors that perceive pain of various localization. The anti-inflammatory property of the drug is manifested by a general improvement in the condition against the background of the elimination of hyperthermia and pain, without a direct effect on the focus of inflammation.

Doses of the drug

For a child, the dose of Paracetamol is calculated strictly individually, taking into account age and weight, and adults and adolescents usually use tablets of 200, 325 and 500 milligrams. A single dose of the drug may be increased in case of intense pain or high temperature, but not exceeding 1 g. With the severity of the symptoms of the disease, manifested by hyperthermia, chills, aching joints or pain in a certain place of localization of the pathological process, it is allowed to use the maximum dosage of up to 4 grams of the drug. The multiplicity is 4-5 times a day, every 4 hours. In case of reduction or disappearance of symptoms, you can skip the next dose of the drug.

For an adult, a single dose of Paracetamol is 400-500 mg , according to the instructions for use, however, in practice, doctors allow 800-1000 mg, but once and only for emergency care at a body temperature above 40 degrees. The body mass index is also taken into account, that is, the lower it is, the less the drug can be drunk at one time.

Medicines today are offered in different types and forms, targeting a wide range of diseases. One of the most popular drugs is paracetamol. Instructions for use, price, reviews, analogues- all this will be discussed in the article.

Paracetamol is a drug related to the group of non-narcotic analgesics that contributes to the blocking of COX1 and COX2 in the central nervous system. The drug has a special effect on pain centers and features of thermoregulation. The exchange of basic substances is carried out in the liver, and the withdrawal of funds occurs through the kidneys. To understand what the tool is used for, it is necessary to take into account the main indications for use.

There are several types of drug release, on which it depends how to use compound, how much to drink tablets or syrups by duration, in general, the dose of the drug is taken into account.

tablets of 200, 325 and 500 mg;
children's syrup 125 mg;
suspension 120 mg for children;
rectal suppositories for adult patients in several doses.

As side effects are allergies, manifested on the skin in the form of itching, rash and swelling. Hemopoietic disorders may occur.

Contraindications for use:

hypersensitivity to the components of the remedy;
newborn period up to a month.

Reception with caution is provided for several phenomena:

renal and liver failure;
viral type hepatitis;
blood diseases;
breast age.

When taking the drug, it is important to ensure the control of indicators in terms of peripheral blood, as well as to monitor the functional state of the liver.

With a cold, flu and other phenomena, there are certain dosages for the use of the remedy.

Best before date drug in the form of tablets 500 mg and other doses is 3 years, the suspension can be stored for 2 years.

Is there an overdose: characteristics

If we consider the signs of abuse of this drug, several factors can be noted, including vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, stomach pain, changes in the skin in the color parameter. A day after abuse, factors indicating liver damage can be considered. In especially severe situations, the development of insufficiency is observed, a state of coma type may actively manifest itself. Toxic manifestation in adults can be observed in the case of using more than 10-15 g of the drug per day. A detailed symptomatic picture of an overdose can be manifested for a period of 1 to 6 days.

Dosage of paracetamol tablets for children takes several factors.

Application of the product 500 mg and other dosages at a temperature, colds and other factors.

What is included in the composition of paracetamol tablets

Paracetamol is an independent drug with the same basic substance. Considering the auxiliary elements, one can single out substances such as the gelatin component, starch, stearic acid, lactose. Like aspirin, paracetamol relieves pain symptoms and eliminates discomfort. The tool is offered in the form of tablets that have a creamy tint and a cylindrical shape of a flat type, there may be a risk and a chamfer.

When a woman is in an interesting position, changes in the body and immunity occur, in connection with this, the risk of morbidity increases. It is difficult to predict how a cold will behave, and how all this will be reflected in the baby. Especially if it in the early stages provisions - 1 trimester. Fortunately, the drug does not spread throughout the body and cannot enter the fetus. That allows you to use it in any position and not worry. The tool has several basic mechanisms of influence on the body of a woman.

But it is worth remembering that especially in the first trimester There are a number of restrictions on the use of this drug.

you need to start the course with 0.5 tablets at a time;
you can not drink more than three pieces per daily intake;
you can not use the remedy if the pain is no longer disturbing. In this case, the drug is not used for prophylactic purposes.

Another problem that a woman may face in the first or in the second trimester pregnancy - a cold. It is also important to take into account a few basic rules in order to exclude the negative impact of taking the drug on the general condition.

do not drink the remedy if the temperature has not yet managed to linger for at least a day: running around pharmacies should be preferred to folk remedies - soothing tea;
it is not recommended to use the product if the mode has not exceeded 38 degrees;
you can not drink the remedy in the course for more than 3-4 days;
It is strictly forbidden to take the drug more than 2 times a day.

Of course, mom who is carrying a child, it is worth having basic information about these rules. This applies to medication from the head, colds and other ailments. But still, no matter what time the illness happened to you - on the first, second or in the third trimester- you need to think several times before taking measures on the use of tablets. If it is urgent and necessary, dosage must be determined by a specialist.

For children, it is not a tablet form of the composition that is offered, but a special syrup that provides antipyretic action. Children's paracetamol is indicated for an increase in the normal temperature, pain in the head and other bodily areas. But it must be remembered that paracetamol cannot cure, it only helps to relieve the main symptoms of the disease.

The dosage regimen is dependent on the age characteristics of the baby, this is also evidenced by pharmstandard. AT 5 ml substances present 120 mg the main active ingredient. Among the contraindications to the use of syrup are diseases associated with the performance of their functions of the liver, kidneys, blood. Also, you can not drink the composition to children under 1 month old and if obvious allergic reactions have been shown. In general, the agent does not affect synthesis in tissues and other important processes.

There is a definite difference between baby syrup and suspension presented in a few points. But first it is worth considering the general nuances.

The main differences are in the composition of the drug, since the suspension does not contain sugar, and the syrup has a place to be refined. There is alcohol in the syrup, so children under two years old should not take the remedy.

Instruction by application suspensions for pediatric treatment involves certain dosing regimens.

Usually that, how to use remedy, determined strictly by the attending physician. Since all situations of morbidity are different from each other. Price the drug in suspension is about 70 rubles. While the syrup starts in the cost range from 60 rubles.

Paracetamol analogues price

There are more cheap, and more expensive drugs, similar in effect to paracetamol. Funds that cost cheaper of the drug in question, belong to the list:

Paracetamol UBF (this is synonyms);
IFIMOL.

There are funds that are produced in Russia. There is imported drugs produced in Europe, which are somewhat more expensive than the means in question, but have a good effect.

EFFERALGAN.

Consider the action and cost of these funds in more detail in order to make the right choice for the application.

Paracetamol UBF

This non-narcotic analgesic is taken for the same purposes as the drug in question. You will have to pay about 11 rubles for a package of medicine - this is the cheapest type of remedy for pain and colds.

IFIMOL

The tool has an effect aimed at reducing fever and eliminating pain. A non-narcotic substance has an identical effect and improves the performance of numerous functions. The cost of the drug is only 45 rubles.

EFFERALGAN

The drug is also prescribed quite often and helps to relieve pain. The cost of packaging the product is 130 rubles, which is three times more expensive than paracetamol. In terms of effect and indications, the compositions are similar.

paracetamol or teraflu which is better

Another remedy for colds is Theraflu. What to choose in order for the treatment complex to be effective? Colossal difference lies in the cost of drugs. Since teraflu is an imported product, which is much more expensive.

One of the most popular antipyretic drugs is paracetamol (paracetamol), which is often taken for colds and inflammatory diseases. The dosage of Paracetamol depends on the age, weight and condition of the patient. Like any other drug, paracetamol has side effects that occur due to overdose or improper use of the drug. That's why

take the medicine only if there is a medical indication after reading the manual beforehand.

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Mechanism of action and form of release of the drug

Paracetamol, like other drugs from the group of anti-inflammatory drugs, has analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects. It acts on the center of thermoregulation and blocks inflammatory mediators produced by affected tissues and the nervous system. A single dose of Paracetamol allows to normalize body temperature in a short time and significantly alleviate the patient's condition in inflammatory processes of various etiologies.

Paracetamol is one of the safest and well-researched drugs. It also has various release forms:

tablets;
capsules;
syrup;
suspension;
rectal suppositories.

For children, it is most convenient to use the drug in the form of syrup or suppositories. The drug has a mild effect on the children's body, but you need to know how to calculate the dose of Paracetamol for a child.

Indications for use

Most often, the medicine is taken to lower the body temperature to normal levels in acute respiratory viral infections. Main indication for use is an increase in temperature to 38-38.5 degrees. The use of the drug is also possible at a lower temperature, if the patient's health has deteriorated significantly. Paracetamol can also be used to relieve pain in diseases of the teeth and gums, neuralgia, dysmenorrhea, and infectious diseases.

Dosage of the drug for adults

In order for the medication to be effective and safe, you need to know how to calculate the dose of Paracetamol. One of the main The advantage of this drug is its high safety, however, adults and children should strictly adhere to the rules for taking it. For adults, the most convenient form of release of the drug are tablets. They should be taken after meals with plenty of water. To achieve the desired effect and normalize body temperature, an adult can take 0.35 - 0.5 mg at a time medicinal product.

Read more about the dosage in the instructions for use for Paracetamol.

If you want to calculate the dosage of Paracetamol in tablets, then it should be borne in mind that one tablet may contain 0.2, 0.325 or 0.5 mg of the active ingredient. Therefore, before taking a pill, carefully read the instructions or packaging. During the day, the medicine can be taken no more than 3-4 times, and the daily dose should not exceed 3-4 g. At one time, an adult can take up to 1.5 g of Paracetamol, but it is better to adhere to generally accepted dosages, and in case of no effect, contact to a doctor who will prescribe another treatment.

How to calculate the dosage for a child

When determining the dose of the drug for children, attention is paid not only to the age of the child, but also to its weight. For young children, the dosage of Paracetamol is calculated by weight, as this is the safest and most effective method. For a child under the age of 3 months, the dose of the medicine is selected exclusively by the doctor, therefore, if the temperature rises in the crumbs, you should immediately call the doctor. For children from 3 months, it is necessary to select the dosage of the drug at the rate of 10-15 mg per 1 kg of weight.

For children, the rate of Paracetamol should not exceed 60 mg per 1 kg per day.

You can take the medicine no more than 4-5 times a day, at least 4 hours should pass between doses. The duration of treatment with Paracetamol without medical supervision is up to 3 days for children under 6 years of age and up to 5 days for children over 6 years of age. If the temperature persists after these periods, then you should immediately consult a doctor who will prescribe a more effective treatment. It is better for young children to give medicine in the form of syrup, suppositories or suspensions, since it can be problematic to calculate the dose of a tablet in kilograms.

Overdose and side effects

With a slight excess of the dose of Paracetamol, in most cases, a negative reaction of the body is not observed. However, if you take 140 mg of Pracetamol per 1 kg at a time, then severe and often irreversible changes in the liver are noted. Also, when taking high doses, it is possible:

dizziness;
nausea, vomiting;
hypoglycemia;
increased sweating;
diarrhea.

In order for the use of the drug to be effective without harm to your health, you must strictly adhere to the permissible doses and rules for taking the drug.

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How to clear the dose of paracetamol for an adult?

Answered by Ryltsov A. Yu.

The calculation of the dose of paracetamol per kilogram of body weight applies to children. The guidelines say this: for adults weighing over 50 kg, the maximum single dose of paracetamol is 1,000 mg, the daily dose is 4,000 mg. This is the maximum dose, not the recommended one, and is not a reason to ignore the patient's weight, indications and contraindications. In addition, sensitivity to the drug depends on many difficult circumstances other than weight. The indications for which it is planned to take paracetamol are taken into account.

To reduce the temperature in ARVI, 500 mg of paracetamolol, with an interval of at least 4 hours, is an ample dose! The maximum doses are relevant for the initial treatment of musculoskeletal and oncological pain with paracetamol.

All answers

Paracetamol has a very wide use among the population, in children it is a standard remedy for fever and pain.

Paracetamol has an analgesic, antipyretic and moderately anti-inflammatory effect. It is indicated for the treatment of pain syndrome of various origins of moderate and mild degree - toothache, headache, neuralgia, myalgia, arthralgia, back pain, algomenorrhea, as well as hyperthermia in inflammatory and infectious diseases.

Dosing regimen of paracetamol

adults

In tablets, a single dose of paracetamol is 350-500 mg. The maximum single dose is 1500 mg.

The maximum daily dose is 3000-4000 mg. This makes it possible to take the drug 3-4 times a day without side effects. Tablets are taken after meals with a large amount of water.

Rectal suppositories used in a single dose of 350-500 mg. The maximum single dose is 1500 mg, the daily dose is 3000-4000 mg. Multiplicity of application - 3-4 times a day.

Syrup - 20-40 ml (paracetamol content 480-960 mg) 3-4 times a day.

Children

Syrup

For children from 3 months to a year - 2.5-5 ml (paracetamol 60-120 mg);
For children from one year to 5 years - 5-10 ml (paracetamol 120-240 mg);
For children from 5 to 12 years old - 10-20 ml (paracetamol 240-480 mg);

Rectal suppositories

For children from one month to 3 years, a single dose of paracetamol is 15 mg per kilogram, daily - 60 mg per kilogram of body weight;
For children from 3 to 6 years old, the maximum daily dose is determined at the rate of 60 mg per kilogram of body weight - 1000-2000 mg;
For children from 6 to 12 years old - the maximum daily dose is 2000 mg;

Daily frequency of application 3-4 times.

Tablets

For children from 3 to 6 years old - at the rate of not more than 60 mg per kilogram of body weight, the maximum daily dose is 2000 mg;
For children from 6 to 12 years old - the maximum daily dose is 2000 mg.

The daily multiplicity of reception is 3-4 times.

For adolescents weighing more than 60 kg, all forms of paracetamol are prescribed at an adult dose.

Paracetamol is a drug that relieves severe pain and inflammation. Available in the form of tablets, suppositories and children's syrup. Each species has its own dosage and course of administration. We will tell you how to properly relieve pain with Paracetamol, describe its side effects and contraindications for taking.

Indications for the use of the drug

Paracetamol is excellent for the symptomatic treatment of severe pain and inflammation. Doctors prescribe medicine in such cases:

Headache;
The occurrence of algomenorrhea;
Strong neuralgia;
Pain in the gums and teeth;
Inflammation in the nerves of the spine, back pain;
Severe arthralgia;
Infectious diseases;
Inflammatory processes in the body.

You can take Paracetamol without a doctor's prescription to relieve headache and toothache. However, it is not recommended to drink pills regularly and in large doses without consulting a doctor.

Rules for the use of tablets

Adults can drink Paracetamol in the form of tablets, not exceeding the dosage of 0.5 g per day 3-4 times. The maximum dose at a time is 1.5 grams. Doctors do not recommend taking more than 4 grams of medicine in one day. Paracetamol should be drunk after meals and washed down with plenty of warm water.

Children from 9 years of age can take the medicine no more than 2 grams per day. Babies under 6 years old should not be given a dose of more than 2 grams. At this age, it is better to count 60 mg of Paracetamol per 1 kg of baby's weight. Doctors recommend dividing the daily dose for children into 4 doses.

Application and dosage for rectal suppositories

Doctors allow the use of Paracetamol suppositories for children from 1 month old. A single dose is not more than 15 mg per kilogram of baby's body weight. The maximum daily dosage should not exceed 60 mg per 1 kg. It is advisable to use the drug for 3 doses per day.

For adults, you can use a single dose of Paracetamol not more than 1.5 grams. Maximum per day - 4 grams of medication.

Children under 6 years of age can be given 2 grams of Paracetamol per day. Doctors advise to divide the dosage into 2 doses per day.

medicinal syrup

Now you can buy paracetamol in the form of syrup, which is great for babies. However, you need to carefully observe the dosage for a certain return:

Babies from 2 months to a year - no more than 5 ml of medication;
Children under 5 years old - 8 ml of syrup;
From 5 to 11 years - do not exceed the dosage of 20 ml of syrup;
Adults weighing over 60 kg - 30-40 ml of medication per day.

It is better to divide the syrup intake into 4 doses per day, especially for babies. If the child's condition after the medication does not improve, you should immediately inform your doctor.

Contraindications to taking medication

Doctors prohibit taking Paracetamol tablets in such cases:

High sensitivity to the composition of the drug;
problems with the liver;
A small amount of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the body;
Dependence on alcohol;
Blood diseases;
severe anemia;
With leukopenia;
The presence of Gilbert's syndrome
Severe hyperbilirubinemia.

If you take pills for these diseases, severe side effects and complications may begin. In this case, you need to urgently go to the hospital.

Side effects of the drug

Where does	Side effect
Physicians are required to warn patients about the possible side effects of Paracetamol. The following complications can begin in the immune system:	severe allergic reaction; red rash on the skin; severe itching; Hives; The occurrence of Lyell's syndrome; severe swelling; Manifestation of erythema and Stevens-Johnson syndrome.
In the stomach, such complications can begin:	Nausea; severe pain in the abdomen; Bouts of vomiting; Activity in liver enzymes; Problems with the liver.
In the circulatory system, the following side effects occur:	Anemia; The occurrence of thrombocytopenia; Severe pain in the heart; Attacks of shortness of breath; Bleeding in a patient; The appearance of blue spots on the skin; The occurrence of agranulocytosis.
Other side effects:	Severe bronchial spasm; Hypoglycemia. Less often - a state of coma; Cyanosis.

If you experience one or more side effects, you should immediately consult a doctor. Perhaps the patient needs to reduce the dosage of the drug or completely stop taking Paracetamol in case of individual intolerance.

Drug Interactions

It is important to know how the effect of Paracetamol manifests itself when other drugs are taken concomitantly. Here is a list of the main interactions and reactions:

Suction Paracetamol is significantly accelerated with the parallel administration of metoclopramide;
The rate of absorption will decrease with the use of cholestyramine;
With the simultaneous use of warfarin and coumarin, there is a high risk of bleeding;
Taking barbiturates will reduce the effect of paracetamol and the patient's fever will subside more slowly;
Phenytoin and carbamazepine will increase the side effects of Paracetamol on the patient's liver. The same applies to the parallel intake of hepatotoxic drugs;
If you take isoniazid and paracetamol in high doses, hepatotoxic syndrome may begin;
It is forbidden to take the medicine along with any alcohol.

If Paracetamol was prescribed by a doctor for long-term treatment, it is necessary to list to him which drugs you are currently taking. This information will help the doctor adjust the dose and frequency of medication for proper treatment.

Features of the drug

It is necessary to take into account some of the nuances when taking Paracetamol, which can affect the patient's health. Here are some helpful tips from doctors:

If the patient has liver or kidney disease, it is necessary to consult a doctor before taking Paracetamol;
When taking other analgesics, it is important to correctly adjust the dosage of the drug. It is necessary to consult a doctor;
If paracetamol is taken for sepsis, the patient may develop metabolic acidosis. In this case, you need to urgently go to the hospital. Symptoms of this manifestation are nausea, problems with appetite and difficult breathing;
For arthritis, it is necessary to take analgesics daily. In the case of Paracetamol, it is imperative to consult a doctor;
It is forbidden to take the medicine with other drugs that contain the active substance paracetamol. The dosage may be exceeded, leading to dangerous side effects;
If pain symptoms persist after taking Paracetamol, in no case should the dose be increased. You need to stop taking the drug and immediately visit a doctor.

Taking medication during pregnancy

Doctors forbid taking Paracetamol to pregnant women. An exception can be made only if it is vital for the mother. The dosage and frequency of administration should be determined by the doctor.

When breastfeeding, the medicine should be used with caution. Studies have shown that a small amount of the substance passes into breast milk and does not harm the baby. However, an allergic reaction can begin in an individual case, which will lead to dangerous consequences.

Medicine overdose

Severe liver problems can occur in adults who have taken more than 10 grams of paracetamol. For some patients, a dose of 5 grams at a time may be dangerous. The following people fall under the risk factor:

Taking long-term drugs that induce enzymes in the liver;
Frequently taking alcohol;
With deficiency in the glutathione system;
With disorders in the digestive tract;
Patients with HIV disease;
With frequent fasting;
With cachexia.

It must be remembered that a lesion in the liver area can occur only 48 hours after taking a large dose of Paracetamol. Usually on the first day with an overdose, the following symptoms occur:

Severe pallor on the skin;
Nausea and bouts of vomiting;
The person completely loses his appetite;
Severe pain in the abdomen.

It must be remembered that renal failure with a severe overdose can be fatal. Therefore, it is important to go to the hospital at the first symptoms.

Insufficiency in the work of the kidneys is manifested by pain in the lumbar region and cardiac arrhythmia.

If you take Paracetamol in large doses regularly, such problems with the hematopoietic system may begin:

Anemia attacks;
The occurrence of agranulocytosis;
Severe leukopenia;
manifestation of thrombocytopenia.

You need to know that an overdose can be manifested by such side effects:

severe dizziness;
Orientation disorder;
Renal colic;
The occurrence of capillary necrosis;
Strong jade.

Patients with an overdose of Paracetamol should urgently call an ambulance. Remember that everything can start with nausea and vomiting, and then turn into big problems with the liver and kidneys. That is why it is necessary to urgently deliver the patient under the supervision of doctors.

If an overdose occurs within an hour, it is recommended to take activated charcoal. Doctors prescribe acetylcysteine during the day. It is important at this point to constantly check the concentration of the substance in the plasma and adjust the therapy. Sometimes the antidote needs to be given through a vein in severe cases.

Rules for storing the drug

Keep Paracetamol in its original packaging at a temperature not exceeding 24 degrees. The shelf life of the drug is 2 years. It is advisable to keep the drug away from children.

Medicine analogs

To relieve pain and inflammation, the doctor may prescribe another drug with a similar composition and effect. Here is a list of similar drugs:

Rapidol;
Cefekon D;
Panadol for adults and children;
Efferalgan;
Kalpol;
Grippostad in the form of a drink;
Anapiron;
Apap;
Infulgan;
Milistan.

Each of these drugs has its own instructions, dosage and side effects. Therefore, if you choose a similar medicine, be sure to study the detailed information about it before taking it.

Medication cost

Now you can buy Paracetamol at any pharmacy at the following prices:

Paracetamol tablets 200 mg - the price for 10 pieces is 3 rubles;
Paracetamol in tablets of 500 mg - 10 pieces cost 7 rubles;
Rectal suppositories Paracetamol 500 mg - 51 rubles for 10 pieces;
Paracetamol syrup 120 mg - a 100 ml bottle costs 52 rubles.

General characteristics. Compound:

Active ingredient: 500 mg of paracetamol.

Excipients: potato starch, povidone (medium molecular weight povidone), stearic acid.

Analgesic drug with analgesic, antipyretic and weak anti-inflammatory action.

Pharmacological properties:

Pharmacodynamics. Paracetamol has analgesic and antipyretic effects. The drug blocks cyclooxygenase I and II mainly in the central nervous system, affecting the centers of pain and thermoregulation. In inflammatory tissues, cellular peroxidases neutralize the effect of paracetamol on cyclooxygenase, which explains the almost complete absence of an anti-inflammatory effect. The drug does not adversely affect the water-salt metabolism (sodium and water retention) and the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract due to the lack of influence on the synthesis of prostaglandins in peripheral tissues.

Pharmacokinetics. After oral administration, paracetamol is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, mainly in the small intestine, mainly by passive transport. After a single dose of 500 mg, Cmax in plasma is reached after 10-60 minutes and is about 6 μg / ml, then gradually decreases and after 6 hours is 11-12 μg / ml.

It is widely distributed in tissues and mainly in body fluids, with the exception of adipose tissue and cerebrospinal fluid.

Protein binding is less than 10% and slightly increases with overdose. Sulfate and glucuronide metabolites do not bind to plasma proteins even at relatively high concentrations.

Paracetamol is metabolized predominantly in the liver by conjugation with glucuronide, conjugation with sulfate and oxidation with the participation of mixed oxidases of the liver and cytochrome P450.

A hydroxylated metabolite with a negative effect, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine, which is formed in very small amounts in the liver and kidneys under the influence of mixed oxidases and is usually detoxified by binding to glutathione, can escalate with an overdose of paracetamol and cause tissue damage.

In adults, most paracetamol binds to glucuronic acid and, to a lesser extent, to sulfuric acid. These conjugated metabolites do not have biological activity. In premature babies, newborns and in the first year of life, the sulfate metabolite predominates.

T1 / 2 is 1-3 hours. In patients with cirrhosis of the liver, T1 / 2 is somewhat larger. Renal clearance of paracetamol is 5%.

It is excreted in the urine mainly in the form of glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. Less than 5% is excreted as unchanged paracetamol.

Indications for use:

Pain syndrome of mild and moderate intensity of various origins (including,; pain with injuries, burns). Fever in infectious and inflammatory diseases.

Important! Get to know the treatment

Dosage and administration:

Inside, adults and adolescents weighing more than 60 kg are used in a single dose of 500 mg, the frequency of administration is up to 4 times / day. The maximum duration of treatment is 5-7 days.

Maximum doses: single - 1 g, daily - 4 g.

Single doses for oral administration for children aged 6-12 years - 250-500 mg, 1-5 years - 120-250 mg, from 3 months to 1 year - 60-120 mg, up to 3 months - 10 mg / kg. Single doses for rectal use in children aged 6-12 years - 250-500 mg, 1-5 years - 125-250 mg.

Multiplicity of application - 4 times / day with an interval of at least 4 hours. The maximum duration of treatment is 3 days.

Maximum dose: 4 single doses per day.

Application Features:

Use with caution in patients with impaired liver and kidney function, with benign hyperbilirubinemia, as well as in elderly patients.

With prolonged use of paracetamol, it is necessary to control the pattern of peripheral blood and the functional state of the liver.

It is used to treat premenstrual tension syndrome in combination with pamabrom (a diuretic, a xanthine derivative) and mepyramine (a histamine H1 receptor blocker).

Paracetamol crosses the placental barrier. To date, no adverse effects of paracetamol on the fetus in humans have been noted.

Paracetamol is excreted in breast milk: the content in milk is 0.04-0.23% of the dose taken by the mother.

If it is necessary to use paracetamol during pregnancy and lactation (breastfeeding), the expected benefit of therapy for the mother and the potential risk to the fetus or child should be carefully weighed.

In experimental studies, the embryotoxic, teratogenic and mutagenic effects of paracetamol have not been established.

Side effects:

On the part of the digestive system: rarely - dyspeptic phenomena, with prolonged use in high doses - hepatotoxic effects.

From the side of the hematopoietic system: rarely - pancytopenia,.

Allergic reactions: rarely - itching,.

Interaction with other drugs:

With simultaneous use with inducers of microsomal liver enzymes, agents with a hepatotoxic effect, there is a risk of increasing the hepatotoxic effect of paracetamol.

With simultaneous use with anticoagulants, a slight or moderate increase in prothrombin time is possible.

With simultaneous use with anticholinergics, a decrease in the absorption of paracetamol is possible.

With simultaneous use with oral contraceptives, the elimination of paracetamol from the body is accelerated and its analgesic effect may decrease.

With simultaneous use with uricosuric agents, their effectiveness decreases.

With the simultaneous use of activated charcoal, the bioavailability of paracetamol decreases.

With simultaneous use with diazepam, a decrease in the excretion of diazepam is possible.

There are reports of the possibility of enhancing the myelosuppressive effect of zidovudine when used simultaneously with paracetamol. A case of severe toxic liver damage is described.

Described cases of manifestations of the toxic effects of paracetamol with simultaneous use with isoniazid.

With simultaneous use with carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, primidone, the effectiveness of paracetamol decreases, which is due to an increase in its metabolism (glucuronization and oxidation processes) and excretion from the body. Cases of hepatotoxicity have been described with the simultaneous use of paracetamol and phenobarbital.

When using cholestyramine for a period of less than 1 hour after taking paracetamol, a decrease in the absorption of the latter is possible.

With simultaneous use with lamotrigine, the excretion of lamotrigine from the body moderately increases.

With simultaneous use with metoclopramide, it is possible to increase the absorption of paracetamol and increase its concentration in blood plasma.

With simultaneous use with probenecid, a decrease in the clearance of paracetamol is possible; with rifampicin, sulfinpyrazone - it is possible to increase the clearance of paracetamol due to an increase in its metabolism in the liver.

With simultaneous use with ethinyl estradiol, the absorption of paracetamol from the intestine increases.

Contraindications:

Chronic alcoholism, hypersensitivity to paracetamol, children under 6 years of age.

Overdose:

Symptoms: during the first 24 hours after ingestion - pallor of the skin, abdominal pain; impaired glucose metabolism. Symptoms of impaired liver function may appear 12-48 hours after an overdose. In severe overdose - with progressive encephalopathy, coma, death; with tubular necrosis (including in the absence of severe liver damage); , . The hepatotoxic effect in adults is manifested when taking 10 g or more.

Treatment: introduction of donators of SH-groups and precursors of glutathione synthesis - methionine 8-9 hours after an overdose and N-acetylcysteine - within 8 hours. The need for additional therapeutic measures (further administration of methionine, intravenous administration of N-acetylcysteine) is determined depending on on the concentration of paracetamol in the blood, as well as on the time elapsed after taking it.

Storage conditions:

Store in a dry, dark place and out of the reach of children, at a temperature not exceeding 30 °C.

Leave conditions:

Without recipe

Package:

10 pieces. - non-cell packing contour.10 pieces. - cellular contour packings (2) - packs of cardboard.20 pcs. - polymer cans (1) - packs of cardboard.

Paracetamol is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). This remedy, popular in our country, is probably in every home first-aid kit. It was synthesized more than a hundred years ago to eliminate pain of various etiologies. The drug immediately established itself as an effective, reliable analgesic, antipyretic.

In the pharmacy, you can purchase both Paracetamol tablets familiar to the consumer, and other forms: syrups, injection ampoules, emulsions and solutions. When using the drug, you need to remember that it acts symptomatically, that is, it reduces the intensity of symptoms (pain, fever), but does not fight the disease itself that caused them.

In what cases is paracetamol prescribed, what helps, how to take it? To whom is it contraindicated? Can it be used during pregnancy, given to children? Let's talk about this in more detail:

How does the drug work?

In a fever, the body increases the production of prostaglandins, substances that act on the body's heat center, causing the body's temperature to rise. A short time after taking the drug, it is absorbed and literally in 15 minutes the active ingredients of the drug are distributed throughout the body, actively reducing the production of prostaglandins. As a result, the temperature decreases.

When is he appointed?

Paracetamol has an analgesic, antipyretic and mild anti-inflammatory effect.

He is accepted:

To relieve symptoms of colds and flu: fever, headache.
- Helps with toothache (mild or moderate severity)
- Helps with painful menstruation.
- Helps to cope with the symptoms of a hangover.

Let's take a closer look at the effect of the drug in these conditions:

Colds

Paracetamol is an indispensable remedy for colds, SARS, influenza, accompanied by headache, high fever. This medicine acts as an analgesic and antipyretic, relieving symptoms: eliminates pain, reduces fever. As an anti-inflammatory agent, it is the least effective.

From headache, toothache

It is one of the most inexpensive and affordable headache medications. The most effective are soluble forms of the drug: powder or effervescent tablets Paracetamol-S-Hemofarm and which are brought to your attention at the link), since the active substance of them enters the bloodstream faster, which means relief comes sooner.

If the tooth aches, the drug will help, but only if the pain is minor or moderately severe. If the tooth hurts very much, it is better to take a strong anesthetic, for example, Nise or Ketorol.

With menstruation

If menstruation is regularly accompanied by severe pain, which disrupts the normal rhythm of life, reduces performance, the cause of this pathology should be identified. Therefore, see a doctor.

With a slight soreness that occurs periodically, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs will help. Paracetamol is one of the safest and most inexpensive drugs in this group. It is prescribed even for children. Can be used during pregnancy (more on this later).

Pharmacies offer expensive medicines from foreign manufacturers, such as, for example, Panadol and Nurofen. However, their main active ingredient is the same as that of much cheaper domestic counterparts.

paracetamol for acne

Few people know that Paracetamol can be used to treat acne, including teenage acne. In this case, the anti-inflammatory effect of the drug comes into play. Use it this way: Mash 1-2 tablets with a spoon, pour a little water to make a liquid slurry after mixing. Apply it to problem areas.

hangover cure

It is widely believed among the people that with the help of this medicine, you can significantly reduce the symptoms of a hangover. This is true, because with its help a headache goes away, the body is cleared of toxic substances. You just need to remember that Paracetamol significantly loads the liver, which already suffers from excessively drunk alcohol. Therefore, they should not get involved.

By the way, if you suffer from a hangover from stomach discomfort, heartburn, use a folk remedy, for example, it will help you. Drink a glass of mineral water or, if it is not at hand, take a spoonful of vegetable oil.

Let's apply Paracetamol: how to take it?

According to the instructions, the tablets should be taken with food, or after a meal, drinking plain, clean water. It is forbidden to drink coffee tablets, other drinks that contain caffeine. This can only worsen the condition. There is an opinion that if you drink a pill with milk, it starts to act faster.

Whatever dosage form you use, do not exceed the daily dosage of more than 500 mg for adults. According to the doctor's indications, the maximum allowable dosage is allowed - 1 g.

It is recommended to take the medicine 3-4 times a day, until the condition improves, but not more than 5 days. If there is no improvement during this period, a doctor's consultation is necessary. Never exceed the recommended dosages and do not increase the permitted duration of administration. Remember that improper intake of Paracetamol has a negative effect on the liver and kidneys.

How long does paracetamol help?

After taking the drug, it is rapidly absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. The effect is felt after 15-30 minutes, depending on the severity of the condition.

Can it be given to pregnant women and children?

Pregnant women can take Paracetamol only for medical reasons, with the permission of a doctor. It cannot be taken from the third trimester.

There are contraindications for infants up to the 1st month of life. For children from 3 years old, the drug is prescribed by a doctor, he also determines the dosage, sets the required duration of administration. For this age category, the following forms of the drug are intended: syrup, suspension, suppositories.

When should the drug not be used?

This drug has certain contraindications. This, for example, exacerbated peptic ulcer, which we recently considered. You can not take Paracetamol with renal, hepatic insufficiency and acute diseases of these organs.

There are contraindications for bronchial asthma, chronic sinusitis, acute inflammatory processes of the intestine, as well as in the presence of intolerance to acetylsalicylic acid. Also, do not prescribe this drug after coronary bypass surgery.

Remember that Paracetamol is a symptomatic remedy. This means that it reduces or completely eliminates painful symptoms, but does not directly affect the disease. After taking the medicine, the diseased tooth itself will not be cured, the infection that caused the flu will not disappear, and the causes of the headache will not disappear either.

Therefore, do not treat yourself, but seek professional medical help. Be healthy!

Svetlana, www.site
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