Shallots multi-bearing: differences from onions and cultivation technology. Shallot on green feather and turnip. Cultivation, care, storage and reproduction. Winter and spring planting of shallots

Are you used to the fact that onions usually cause tears? But shallots will not make anyone cry, and they are more juicy, tender and fragrant. This variety of onions has many names: Ashkelon, family, magpie, and today this "aristocrat" can be seen in gardeners' plots in various regions of our country.
It is believed that since ancient times this plant has been grown in large quantities in Palestine, near the city of Ashkelon. From here one of the names of onions takes its roots. It was brought to Europe during the Crusades, where shallots became widespread. Well, then the procession around the world has already begun: Great Britain, the American continent, Russia, Asian countries.

In Russia, in the central and northern regions, multi-seed onions (the famous family ones) have long been grown, somewhat similar to shallots. But these are different cultures, although they are often confused.

Shallot - useful properties

What is the difference between shallots and onions? These are not only external differences, the Ashkelonian surpasses it in the amount of vitamins and nutritional value. Shallot contains more sugars, various trace elements, phytoncides. Especially a lot of essential oil in it, and feathers contain up to 60-70% of vitamin C.

The menu of the legendary French cuisine is hard to imagine without the presence of shallots, and it is France that occupies a leading position in the cultivation of this crop. The spicy and fragrant Ashkelon onion is used in all kinds of soups, meat dishes, marinades and salads. Shallots (look at the photo) are not only a delicacy, because regular consumption of it improves vision, reduces the risk of cancer, and normalizes blood pressure.

Description of culture

Shallots have a diameter of approximately 2-4 cm, an elongated shape and a mass of 15 to 50 grams. Up to 12, and sometimes up to 30-40 new children can be formed from one large shallot bulb (the number depends on the variety). At the same time, they encircle the mother bulb and are united by a common shell.

The color of bulb scales is different:

• yellow;
• white;
• violet.

Shallot feathers are narrow, thin, with rounded edges. Usually the height of the pen is up to 30-50 cm. On the beds, the greenery looks very attractive, delighting with its bright color. There is a specific waxy gloss. The taste is pleasant, sharp and spicy. A fragrant Ashkelon onion is grown to produce delicious greens, as well as turnip bulbs.

Benefits of shallots

Multi-growth onions, in addition to excellent taste, have other advantages:

• a short growing season, which allows you to quickly get a feather for greens, as well as turnip onions;
• friendly maturation;
• excellent keeping quality of bulbs;
• resistance to many diseases of crops of the onion family;
• high yields of both feathers for greenery and bulbs.

Shallots are perfectly stored in apartments and, having prepared a sufficient amount of onions, you can use them for cooking all winter and spring without any problems. Also, it is the Ashkelon onion that is considered one of the best types for growing on the windowsill, for forcing early tasty greens.

Features of agricultural technology

There are no specific agricultural techniques here, everything is quite traditional and simple. But, of course, before you grow shallots, you need to know some of the features of the culture and take them into account when planting.

Bed preparation

This onion is planted in early spring or autumn, allocating fertile beds for planting.

The best harvests of shallots come from compost ridges.

The soil should be neutral, with a loose structure. Otherwise, there is a great risk of growing small bulbs, and the feather will be yellow and rough. The site should be sunny, while care must be taken that other types of onions do not grow nearby (over-pollination will lead to loss of properties).

The best predecessors of the magpie are:

• all types of legumes;
• cucumbers;
• tomatoes;
• potato;
• zucchini.

Shallots are planted on the same ridges for no more than 3-4 years, the observance of crop rotation has a positive effect on productivity.

Planting and sowing seeds before winter is good only for the southern regions, since in areas with a more severe climate, the number of bulbs is sharply reduced. At the same time, if you plan to get as much greenery as possible, then it is the autumn planting that will be the best.

When planting shallots in the fall, you need to choose the right time. The bulbs should be well rooted, but not grow.

bulb preparation

Regardless of the variety, it is necessary to prepare shallot bulbs for planting:

• about 8-10 days before the intended landing, it is recommended to warm up the planting material (the temperature should be about 38-40 degrees);
• bulbs are also soaked in warm water a day before planting;
• treatment with a weak solution of potassium permanganate is recommended.

Landing and care

Shallots are usually planted in rows, and the bulbs must not be screwed or pressed into the soil. Better to make holes:

• depth - 5 cm, distance between bulbs - up to 7 cm (when planting on greenery);
• depth - 5 cm, distance between bulbs - up to 15 cm, between rows - up to 20 cm (when planting on a turnip).

It is good to lightly mulch the surface with peat.

Basic shallot care includes:

• watering (moderate, as the soil dries);
• obligatory loosening;
• weeding (removal of weeds contributes to better ripening of the bulbs);
• feeding (usually two are enough: in June and July).

To get high-quality greens, as well as full-fledged bulbs, it is necessary to provide plants with watering, exclude shading, and also do not forget about top dressing. As fertilizers use:

• in the first feeding - bird droppings or cow dung (diluted with water in a ratio of 1/10);
• in the second they take superphosphate (15 grams) and potassium chloride (10 grams).

Shallot, just like ordinary onions, can suffer from various pests and get sick. In order to prevent this, prevention should be carried out, and if the first signs of the disease appear, measures should be taken immediately.

• From the onion fly, loosening helps well, as well as the use of various repellent compounds (wormwood or tansy). Between the rows of growing onions, you can lay out a fabric soaked with these infusions, as well as plant branches.
• In the fight against aphids, which are very fond of the delicate green shallot feather, the drug "Verticillin" helps. You can use folk remedies: decoctions of chamomile or pepper.
• From powdery mildew, processing the bulbs before planting with a special preparation "Maxim" saves.
• Effective in pest control and such a simple technique as dusting beds with onions with ordinary wood ash.

In the rainy summer season, shallots can suffer from a disease such as neck rot. Upon detection of the first signs of damage, you must immediately remove all diseased plants, and then treat the onion with special preparations.

Cleaning and storage

The ripening time of the magpie is the end of July-beginning of August. In terms of time, this is much earlier than onion, and cleaning should be carried out immediately.

On a note!

The signal for harvesting onions is the lodging of feathers.

The onions are dug up, then the dried feather is cut off, dried. They are stored either in braids or in nets, regularly checking and removing spoiled specimens. The optimum storage temperature is 18-21ºC.

Growing shallots on a feather

Shallots are valued for their very juicy, tasty and tender feathers. Unlike onions, the magpie practically does not form arrows, and the yield is several times higher.

If you need to get early greens, then it is better to plant onions in the fall. Cold-resistant varieties of shallots are best suited for this. Also, in addition to growing in the beds, shallots are successfully planted in containers and boxes at home: on balconies, loggias, on the windowsill.

The time for planting bulbs in an apartment to get a green feather is the end of February.

In open ground, greens can be harvested within a month after planting the bulbs. Also, when forcing greens at home, it is possible to get a second crop. After cutting the feather, the bulbs must be dug up, cut off a third from the bottom and planted again in the same boxes. After a few weeks, you can cut off the green feather again.

Growing shallots on a turnip and care features

When planting an Ashkelonian on a turnip, it is necessary to take into account the distances between the bulbs, as well as perform mandatory thinning. This is done around the beginning of July, removing some of the side bulbs along with the feather. The nests should have about 4-6 bulbs each, which will get more space and nutrients.

It is necessary to remove the arrows that appear in shallots, while they should not outgrow and form inflorescences. If the arrows are not broken out, then the bulbs will be small.

Unlike onions, shallot bulbs are harvested earlier, when the first dry flakes appear on them.

Features of obtaining Ashkelon onion seeds

Shallot planting material always needs to be updated, otherwise the culture will often get sick, degenerate, and the bulbs themselves will become smaller.

Shallot bulbs should be replaced with new ones every three to four years.

To upgrade, you can grow your own seeds, but this is quite laborious. As already mentioned, shallots are not prone to shooting, so if you want to grow your seed material, you will need to “force” the onion to release arrows. For this you need:

• select high-quality and large shallots (it is better to take three-year-olds);
• withstand them before planting for 3-4 months at a special temperature regime: from 5 to 10 degrees.

Then in the spring, as usual, the bulbs are planted on the ridges.

On a note!

To get arrows, it is desirable to plant such a bow as early as possible.

Specially processed specimens will shoot, forming flowers, and then umbrellas with seed pods.

It is not allowed to plant shallots next to onions, otherwise cross-pollination will occur.

A feature of the culture is that the seeds are not formed in every box, so you need to be very careful in collecting. Umbrellas are cut off when the first boxes open, and then they are thoroughly dried.

It is convenient to make a special bag of gauze or other light fabric, tie the heads of the arrows with it, tied in a bundle and hung to dry. After about three weeks, the boxes will dry out, dry seeds are removed from them, peeled from the husk.

Shallots: growing from seeds

Having received your seed material, you can immediately sow shallots in the fall before winter. Also, the seeds are sown in the spring, around the beginning or middle of April (the exact dates are determined based on the climatic features of the area).

Beds for seeds are prepared in the same way as for bulbs, while the soil should be light, loose and nutritious. Landing pattern:

To get a good harvest, you need to use quality seeds. The most productive varieties can be ordered on the official website "Gardens of Russia". Large selection of varieties for every taste.

in strips of three rows, the distance between seeds is up to 4 cm, between rows is up to 5 cm, between strips is 25 cm.

Shalo is distinguished by friendly germination of seeds. The sprouts are very thin and weak, so you need to take care of them carefully, trying not to damage them. When the pen gains strength, the usual care is carried out: weeding, watering, loosening.

At the end of July, when the feathers lay down, the bulbs are harvested. Then they are dried and put away for storage.

When planting next year, the largest bulbs of the first year are used for turnips, and the rest are planted on a feather.

A conditioned onion is obtained already in the second year, and it is this that is then used for vegetative propagation. And after three or four years, he again needs to be replaced.

Shallot varieties

In total, there are more than 60 different varieties of Ashkelon onions. They differ in terms of ripening, taste characteristics, appearance.

There is also a division of shallots into two large groups:

• bush plants (have small bulbs, very soft);
• ancient (large bulbs, medium keeping quality).

The group of early varieties includes:

• Belozerets-94. The variety has a good yield, the bulbs are oval, the scales have a beautiful lilac-violet hue. Excellent keeping quality. The mass of bulbs is on average up to 30 grams, the taste is spicy, pleasant.
• Emerald. The bulbs are rounded, brown-pink on the outside, white on the inside. The taste is semi-sharp. Harvest.
• White Queen. Winter-hardy, fruitful shallot. The bulbs are elongated, the flesh inside is snow-white. Experts note the medicinal properties of this variety.
• Cascade. This variety of shallot also has pink, egg-like bulbs and a spicy taste. Weight - up to 35 grams. The best yields are obtained from growing two-year-old bulbs.
• Banana shallot is a very productive early variety. It is distinguished by a powerful plant, large bulbs of an unusual elongated (like a banana) shape. The weight of each is up to 100 grams. The color of the scales is violet-pink, the taste of the pulp is semi-sharp. Widely used in cooking.

Of the mid-season varieties, it should be noted:

• Kuban yellow, with yellow bulbs. The variety is similar to onions. Taste is semi-sharp. Ripening time - about 90 days.
• Kushchevka Kharkov. One of the popular varieties of shallots, has an excellent yield. The oval-shaped bulbs have a brown husk with purple patches. Taste is semi-sharp.
• Bonilla F1, grown from seeds. Bulbs are rounded, brown. The weight of each is up to 40 grams. Productivity (both turnips and greens) is consistently high.
• Gold Sun is a shallot of Dutch selection. The bulbs are round, the scales are red. The flesh of the onion is very juicy, white with delicate pinkish patches. In one nest - up to 8-9 bulbs.

Late and mid-late varieties include:

• Siberian amber. Great for all regions. Bulbs are rounded, slightly flattened. The weight of each is up to 30 grams.
• Ural purple. It is mainly used to obtain turnip onions. Large, mass of bulbs - up to 50-58 grams.

It should be noted that a number of varieties are included in the State Register of the Russian Federation, others are the result of folk selection.

Shallot (lat. Allium ascalonicum), aka Ashkelon onion, shallot, charlotte, Old Believer onion, magpie, bush, kuschevka, family onion, is a herbaceous perennial of the Onion family. This kind of onion comes from Asia Minor, but today it is common in the Caucasus, Moldova, Ukraine and Western Europe. Young leaves and small shallots are eaten, which are distinguished by a pleasant aroma and exquisite taste. Shallots are grown from seeds that are sown before winter or spring, and in winter, shallots are planted for forcing to get greens. The healing properties of shallots have also been known for a long time.

Planting and caring for shallots (in a nutshell)

• Landing: planting in open ground for greenery in May - in March or April, for greenery in April - before winter, in mid-October.
• Lighting: bright sunlight.
• The soil: loose, fertile, moderately moist, neutral. Optimal soils are humus-sandy or humus loams.
• Watering: during the growing season - at least three times. Stop watering a month before harvest. In the absence of precipitation, watering is carried out once a week.
• Top dressing: organic and mineral. Feeding is stopped a month before harvest.
• Reproduction: seed and vegetative (sevkom).
• Pests: onion flies.
• Diseases: powdery mildew, peronosporosis (downy mildew), fusarium wilt and neck rot.
• Properties: is a medicinal and dietary plant.

Read more about growing shallots below.

Shallots - description

Shallot is a herbaceous perennial plant that forms the so-called "nests", for which it is called family or multi-bearing. The root system of shallots is slightly branched, fibrous, located in the arable layer. The leaves are tubular, hollow, cone-shaped, thin, delicate, not coarsening for a long time. The color of the feathers can vary from light to dark tones of green, sometimes the leaves are covered with a waxy coating. Slightly elongated shallot bulbs, covered with thin scales, weigh generally 20 to 50 g, although some hybrid varieties can form bulbs weighing 90-100 g. to purple. Shallot bulbs keep well at home until spring sowing. Shallots cultivated in warmer climates are usually dark in color and semi-sharp in taste, while spicy shallots are more commonly grown in cooler areas.

Shallot inflorescences are a loose umbrella of inconspicuous flowers, located on an arrow up to 1 m long. Shallot seeds, which remain viable for 2-3 years, resemble onion seeds, only smaller.

Shallots are propagated mainly by vegetative means, but over time, the bulbs lose their varietal qualities and accumulate diseases, which gradually reduces the yield. In this case, you need to purchase fresh planting material or grow sets from seeds. When seeds are sown in the first year, a multi-primary bulb is formed, like that of garlic, which breaks up into five bulbs, which, when planted next spring, will give nests with even more bulbs.

Planting shallots in open ground

When to plant shallots outdoors

They plant shallots on a feather and on a turnip. Bulbs are planted in open ground in March or April, when the soil warms up well, and then you can expect green leaves in May, and a turnip a month later. To get early greens, you can plant shallots before winter, in mid-October, so that it has time to take root, but does not begin to grow. Autumn planting onions will give greens in April, and turnips in June.

At home, shallot bulbs are planted for distillation in order to receive greens containing vitamins in winter.

Soil for shallots

The site for growing shallots should be sunny, and since shallots easily cross with onions, try not to plant them side by side.

Shallot prefers loose, fertile, moderately moist soils with a neutral reaction, which must be prepared for onions in advance. Most of all, shallots love light humus or moist humus-sandy loams. If you are going to plant shallots in the spring, the soil for planting is cultivated in the fall - they are cleaned of weeds, dug to a depth of 20-25 cm with the addition of 3-4 kg of compost or humus per m², a teaspoon of superphosphate and urea and 2-3 tablespoons spoons of wood ash. In spring, 25 g of nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the soil before planting for each m². For the autumn planting of shallots, the site is prepared in the summer.

Then you can plant shallots

Growing shallots requires crop rotation. The best crop precursors are tomatoes, cucumbers, potatoes, zucchini, cabbage and legumes. Do not plant shallots in areas that have previously grown sunflowers, corn, beets, garlic, and carrots. But growing carrots next to shallots is a great idea, because the two crops protect each other: the smell of carrots repels shallot pests, and vice versa. It is also good if any kind of lettuce, strawberries, cucumbers or radishes grow next to shallots.

You can plant shallots in the same place only after three years.

How to plant shallots outdoors

Planting shallots begins with pre-sowing seed treatment. First, the planting material is sorted: bulbs with a diameter of 3 cm and a mass of 30 g are considered the best, since they form more bulbs. Smaller bulbs are not as productive and are best used for winter sowing, while bulbs with a larger diameter form many bulbs that are too small.

A week before planting the seedlings in the ground, in order to prevent peronosporosis and other fungal diseases, they are heated for 8-10 hours in water at a temperature of 40-42 ºC. If you do not have time for this, soak the bulbs for half an hour before planting in a fungicide or potassium permanganate solution.

Bulbs are placed in the furrow at a distance of 10 cm from each other, leaving row spacing 20-30 cm wide for large bulbs, 15-18 cm for medium bulbs and 8-10 cm for small bulbs. Bulbs are planted in moist soil, dipping to such a depth that there is a layer of earth 2-3 cm thick above them. If you plant shallots deeper, this will delay the growth of greens and reduce yields, and with shallow planting, the resulting bulbs will bulge out from under earth. After planting, the site is mulched with humus or peat. If you want to speed up the appearance of greens, cut the seedlings to the shoulders before planting, but you should know that in this case the yield of both greens and turnips will be lower.

Planting shallots before winter

The winter planting procedure is carried out in the same order as the spring one, after which the site is mulched with a layer of peat 3.5-4 cm thick. The only difference between the autumn and spring plantings is that the bulbs are planted a little deeper before winter. Despite the fact that the shallot culture is cold-resistant and even frost-resistant (it withstands temperatures down to -20 ºC, retaining vitality even after freezing), winter planting is best done in the southern regions, since in the middle lane, in the Urals and in Siberia during winter sowing can die from the cold up to 50% of the bulbs. At the same time, bulbs that survived the winter in the soil form more greenery than those planted in the spring. Green shallot feathers of winter sowing appear as soon as the snow melts.

If you propagate shallots vegetatively for a long time, this can lead to chopping of the bulbs, the development of diseases and a decrease in yield. Therefore, once every 10-15 years, planting material is renewed by growing shallots from seeds. Seeds sown in spring will produce onion sets in September. These will be small nests consisting of small bulbs that can be used as planting material next year.

Shallot Care

How to grow shallots

Growing and caring for shallots is not burdensome at all and consists in watering, loosening and weeding the beds during the period of active growth, fertilizing and protecting against diseases and pests. Loosening the soil in the shallot bed is carried out once or twice a week, and regular weed and pest control will help prevent shallots from being affected by incurable viral infections.

In order for the shallot bulbs to be large, the seedlings are thinned out in early July. At this time, it is not recommended to fertilize and irrigate, because instead of starting to increase the volume of the bulbs, the onion will continue leaf formation. If arrows start to appear, break them out until they reach 10 cm.

Watering shallots

On average, shallots are watered at least three times per season, but the most important thing is to ensure soil moisture at the very beginning of the growing season. Stop watering a month before harvest. The main principle of moistening the beds with shallots is that the soil should not dry out too much. If the summer is rainy, water the shallots less often, in a dry summer, watering, respectively, should be more frequent. In the absence of precipitation in conditions of high cloudiness, the area with shallots is watered once a week.

Feeding shallots

Caring for shallots involves fertilizing the soil. The culture responds well to feeding with bird droppings diluted with water in a ratio of 1:15 or a solution of one part of mullein infusion in 10 parts of water. You can also apply complex mineral fertilizer to the soil by dissolving 40 g in 10 liters of water. Fertilization is stopped a month before harvest, otherwise the onion will continue to give a feather instead of growing bulbs. To make the turnips larger, after the nests have already formed, you need to carefully rake the soil and break off the smallest onions along with the feather. They can be eaten or frozen.

Pests and diseases of shallots

In cold wet weather, shallots can be affected by fungal diseases powdery mildew, downy mildew, fusarium wilt and neck rot. Sick plants should be removed immediately, and healthy ones should be sprayed with a solution of Quadris, Mikosan or Pentofag. However, keep in mind that after treatment with a pesticide, it is impossible to eat shallots for some time - the duration of the action of toxic substances should be indicated in the instructions for use of the drug. To avoid infection of shallots with fungi, before planting the seedlings are pickled for 30 minutes in a solution of the drug Maxim. It is also desirable to process the seed material that you are going to use next year with Maxim before storing it.

Of the pests, shallots are annoyed by the onion fly, which appears at the time of flowering of dandelion and cherry. Plants affected by the fly rot and wither. You can destroy the pest by dusting the shallots and the soil under it with wood ash. If you find worms on onions, the best way to deal with them is to treat the shallots on the leaves with a solution of a glass of salt in 10 liters of water.

The onion nematode, which distorts the bottom of the mother bulb, can cause great harm to shallots. If a bulb affected by nematodes gets into the garden, it can infect healthy plants. You can use such a bulb for planting if it is placed in a thermos with water at a temperature of 45 ºC for an hour or pickled for several minutes in a four percent formalin solution.

Green shallot feathers are loved by garden aphids, the uncontrolled reproduction of which can create a serious problem. There are many folk remedies against aphids, for example, decoctions of pepper, potato peel or chamomile. Of the acaricidal drugs in the fight against aphids on shallots, Verticillin has proven itself well.

It is impossible to delay harvesting the bulbs, because they can germinate. Shallot nests are removed from the soil when more than half of the leaves are dry. The bulbs are removed from the ground and dried in the shade for several days, after which the dry leaves are cut off, the nests are disassembled into bulbs, put in boxes, boxes or nets and stored in a cool, dry place. You can not cut the leaves, but weave braids from them. Under such conditions, shallots are stored for five to seven months, but you need to regularly check the condition of the bulbs, identify and remove rotting ones.

Shallots can also be kept in a peeled form: the covering scales are removed from the bulbs, cut, slightly moistened, frozen, then put in plastic containers and kept in the freezer. You can also freeze onion feathers in the same way. Frozen shallots retain their properties.

Types and varieties of shallots

There are quite a few varieties of family onions, and they are divided into early, mid-season and late, as well as peninsular, spicy and sweet. Varieties of shallots also differ in the color of the covering scales and the number of bulbs in the nest.

Early ripe varieties of shallots include:

• Emerald- a variety with rounded bulbs in a pinkish-brown husk, weighing 20-30 g each. Up to 5 bulbs in a nest with white pulp of a semi-sharp taste;
• snowball- a variety characterized by high keeping quality with ovoid dense bulbs weighing up to 32 g with juicy white scales of a sharp taste;
• Sprint- one of the best early varieties, resistant to peronosporosis, with large bulbs of spicy taste weighing up to 40 g. Up to 10 bulbs are formed in the nest;
• Belozerets 94- a productive, maturing variety with rounded or rounded-oval bulbs of a sharp taste, weighing 21-27 g, with a light lilac husk with a yellow tint and juicy purple flesh with a lilac tint;
• Cascade- productive, very long-lasting variety of spicy taste with a broad-egg bulb weighing up to 35 g. Both husks and juicy pink scales;
• Family- a disease-resistant variety of semi-acute taste with rounded bulbs weighing up to 22 g with a yellow-brown husk with a purple tint and white flesh. There can be 3-4 bulbs in one nest;
• SIR-7- a long-term productive variety of spicy taste with bulbs weighing up to 32 g. In one nest there can be from 4 to 7 bulbs.

In addition to those described, such early varieties of shallots as Zvezdochka, Off-season, Siberian yellow and others are known.

Mid-season shallots are represented by the following varieties:

• Albic- a consistently productive semi-sharp variety, whose rounded flat bulbs weighing 20-30 g are distinguished by good keeping quality. From 4 to 8 onions can form in the nest;
• Kuban yellow- semi-sharp productive variety with 3-4 rounded-flat onions weighing 25-30 g in one nest. Covering scales yellow-brown, juicy - greenish or white;
• Koinar- a semi-sharp highly productive variety with brownish-pink bulbs weighing up to 25 g with pale lilac flesh with a white tint;
• Guran- a semi-sharp variety with rounded bulbs weighing up to 26 g in light brown covering scales with a gray tint. There may be 4-5 bulbs in the nest;
• Firebird- a semi-sharp variety with rounded flat bulbs weighing 25-30 g in a yellow-brown husk.

Also popular are the mid-season varieties of shallots Chapaevsky, Uralsky 40, Ural violet, Garant, Gornyak, Afonya, Adreika, Krupnolukovichny, Kushchevka Kharkovskaya, Seryozhka, Sofokl, hybrids Atlas, Bonilla and others.

The most famous varieties of late onions are:

• Kunak- semi-sharp variety with rounded or rounded flat bulbs in yellow covering scales. In one nest of this variety there can be 3-4 primordia;
• burly- semi-sharp, resistant to rot and bolting variety with 4-5 bulbs weighing from 23 to 52 g with dry pink scales and reddish juicy scales;
• Siberian amber- a variety with rounded flat bulbs in a yellow husk with white juicy scales. The mass of bulbs, of which there are 6-7 pieces in the nest, is 28-30 g;
• Merneulsky (Bargalinsky)- a highly productive variety with large oval-elongated bulbs weighing from 50 to 90 g with pink-yellow dry scales and juicy white scales. There can be from 4 to 6 such bulbs in a nest;
• Vonsky- resistant to pests, diseases and adverse growing conditions, a variety with 3-4 bulbs weighing from 30 to 70 g with red outer and white juicy scales.

Properties of shallots - harm and benefit

Useful properties of shallots

The composition of shallots is not much different from the composition of onions. Shallot leaves and bulbs contain essential oil, B vitamins, carotenoids, phytoncides, however, there are more minerals, ascorbic acid and sugars in shallots than in onions. The composition of shallots includes salts of phosphorus, iron, potassium, calcium, as well as cobalt, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, silicon, vanadium, titanium and germanium.

In folk medicine, shallots have long been used to treat stomach and eye diseases.

In cooking, leaves and young shallots are used, both fresh and pickled. More delicate than that of onions, the taste has made shallots a valuable ingredient in French cuisine - they put it in sauces and soups to add flavor to dishes, and also added to poultry and game delicacies.

Shallots, outwardly so similar to onions, are distinguished from it by their precocity and the shape of a turnip, divided into slices. The culture is early, respected by summer residents for juicy greens and bulbs, with good keeping quality. The content of trace elements in shallots is an order of magnitude higher than in other onions, it is a dietary vegetable and acts as the basis or addition to various culinary creations.

Shallot plant description

Shallot or "magpie", as it is called in the common people, is a multi-germ bulb, with delicate and juicy greens. One parent bulb is capable of producing up to 7 daughter bulbs, no more than 6 cm, weighing about 45 grams. Depending on the cultivar, shallots can produce daughter bulbs even during storage.

The shape of the bulbs are oblong, oval or elongated, rounded. The head of a shallot looks like a garlic head, several small onions grow into the bottom, forming one whole-separate onion.

The color of shallot scales depends primarily on the cultivar and is dirty yellow, white, red, brown-orange, purple or pink. The inner lobes have a milky or pink-purple hue.

The height of the green mass of shallots reaches 25 cm, the leaves are tubular, thin, dark green. From one turnip of shallots, you can get an "impressive" bunch of fresh, spicy greens.

Shallots are suitable for cultivation in any temperate latitudes, the turnip ripens for about two months, and fresh greens can be obtained as early as three weeks after sowing.

Shallot cultivation: sowing or planting, on greens or head

Shallot farming will not cause much trouble. Growing shallots is similar to growing onions. Culture needs a well-lit, quiet place with moderate humidity. Shallots respond well to loose, aerated, humus-enriched soils with low acidity. When cultivating onion crops, summer residents recommend strictly observing crop rotation; legumes and melons are considered good predecessors.

The good neighborliness of the onion allows it to be planted in the aisles of other crops, for example, carrots. Both plants enter into mutual symbiosis, scaring away harmful insects from each other.

Shallots can be planted in the spring months or before winter, in the fall. Perennial shallots are resistant to freezing and winter well under a layer of snow.

Planting shallots in spring

Planting shallots in the spring is carried out when the first snow melts.

The site is prepared in advance, in the autumn. The soil is dug up, fertilized with rotted organic matter (a bucket of 2 sq.m.) and nitroammophoska is added (55 gr. per sq.m.). It will not be superfluous to make “magpies” and wood ash before planting. In the spring, before planting, phosphorus and potassium are added to the formed ridges and mixed with the soil.

Shallots before planting should be soaked in a solution of potassium permanganate or in a fungicide for about 7 minutes. To get an early harvest of greens, it is recommended to plant sprouted shallots, aged in a warm room with high humidity for two weeks.

The optimal size can be called an average bulb of 3.5 cm in weight 35-40 gr. Such planting material will give green mass and bulbs much more than smaller or larger "magpie" bulbs. Small shallot bulbs produce late crops of "table-decorative" greens.

To plant a "square" plot will require about 35 calibrated medium-sized onions. Shallots are planted in rows, 25-35 cm between them. In moistened and enriched soil, shallots are stuck bottom down, in increments of 8-9 cm, deepening by 11-13 cm. In the southern regions, you should not deepen shallots deeper than 10 cm, since too deep planting increases the harvest time . After planting, the bulbs are covered with soil mixed with wood ash (3: 1) and the beds are watered.

Plantings can be covered with lutrastil or mulch, for earlier shoots, and for forcing greenery 1.5 weeks ahead of time, the tops are cut off from the pre-sowing material.

Planting shallots in autumn, before winter

When it is decided to plant shallots before winter, October or early November (southern regions) can be considered the optimal time, given that rooting should take place before frost.

After disembarkation, the beds, for better wintering, are covered with peat or spruce branches, and the flooring is removed in early spring. Onions without additional means of protection from the cold can withstand temperatures down to -25 degrees, lower rates can reduce the onion yield by a factor of three.

Growing green shallots

Shallots grown on greens outperform onions in that they do not shoot, have delicate greens and early ripeness. It can be stored for a long time without losing its taste and nutritional qualities. Not a large consumption of planting raw materials, subject to agricultural technology, will yield a crop of greens many times greater than the best varieties of onions.

Cultivation of shallots for greens is carried out both in open ground and at home, in planting containers.

The early maturity of shallots makes it possible to get fresh, tall greens within a month after planting.

For planting, medium-sized shallot bulbs are planted in soil enriched with organic matter and mineral fertilizers, the soil temperature is +12 and constant moisture is important. At home, planting can be done at any time by placing containers with seedlings on a sunlit windowsill. In open ground, planting is carried out in the first decade of spring, when the soil warms up.

A month later, the crop is pulled out with the bulb, the greens are cut off, and the tops of the bulbs are cut off by 1.5 cm, and planted again in fertilized, moist soil, and after a month and a half, a new batch of greens is collected.

Growing shallots per head

To grow shallots per head, start planting in the fall, and in the summer you will get a fresh, juicy, onion turnip.

Agrotechnics for growing shallots per head does not differ from the usual autumn planting of onions. Shallot ripens in two months, and in addition to the head, it will also give a “green feather”, the ratio of yield to seed is at the level of 200%, which distinguishes this type of onion from the rest. The taste qualities of the head of shallots differ from the onion in a milder taste, and the small size is much more convenient to use for table purposes.

Shallot care

Caring for shallots is not difficult. Agrotechnical measures include watering, weeding and disease control. If you are growing shallots per head, seedlings should be thinned as early as June. Together with the thinning procedure, top dressing with compost and superphosphate is carried out, arrows are broken out.

Watering is carried out frequently up to 4 times a week, but avoiding moisture stagnation in the areas. Weeding is carried out as necessary and as the growth of harmful plants. Stop watering 3-4 weeks before harvest.

Shallots respond well to fertilizers. You can use both compost and granular mineral fertilizers.

Some gardeners, in order to increase the mass of the bulb, recommend digging up and breaking off the smallest daughter bulbs from the nest.

Try to dig the soil carefully, without damaging the bulb.

Varieties of shallots

Variety Belozerets. Early ripe shallots, with fruits of a mild-spicy taste, in mass reach 30 g. Belozerets ripens in two months. Coloration from pale lilac to dark purple. Yields are high, up to 15 tons per hectare.

Albic. Mid-season shallot with high keeping quality. The moderate sharpness of the head and feather makes it a suitable addition to salads and vegetable dishes. The mass of one bulb reaches 28 grams, the variety ripens in a month and a half. The color of the head is yellow. Albic is a high-yielding variety, subject to agricultural technology, it yields about 20 tons per hectare.

Variety of shallots Vitamin. Sharp taste, with early ripening. Ideal for both greenhouse cultivation and open ground, it is not afraid of frost, it matures in a month and a half. The vitamin variety is prone to lodging. The mass of the bulbs varies from 20 to 35 grams, they are yellow in color, juicy and crispy in taste.

Early cascade. Shallots are two-year-old, spicy in taste, the mass of bulbs is up to 36 gr., Egg-shaped, light pink in color. An early ripe and high-yielding variety produces about 17 tons of onion fruits per hectare and 35.5 tons of green "feather".

Airat, mid-season high-yielding variety with a sharp taste. The head is small, 16gr., yields 1.7 kg per square meter. The husk is yellow or orange. Bulb produces up to 6 bulbs. Most often grown for greens.

Garant, variety with a mild taste, medium-spicy. Planted on the greens and on the head. Early Garant, has an excellent yield, up to 25 tons per hectare. Bulbs of 32 grams have a brown tint and ripen in two months. It is used for table purposes and for conservation.

Robust. Variety resistant to various putrefactive lesions. Rarely shoots, has a mild spicy taste and an average yield (17 tons per hectare). The color is pale lilac. Suitable for pickling.

Bonnilla F 1. Shallot is an annual, grown more often with seeds on a green feather. You can harvest a good crop from the site, given that you can get up to 1.6 kg per square meter. onion fruits. Bulbs of average weight of 32 grams, ripen in two months. The nest consists of 4-5, oblong-rounded yellow bulbs. High keeping quality.

Kharkiv Kushchevka. Variety of universal table destination, ripens quickly, gives about 2 kg. fruit per hectare. Bulbs are oblong oval, brown or light purple, weighing 28 grams.

Siberian amber. Late ripening variety, medium-sharp taste and weight of 27 gr. The bulbous nest forms up to 5-8 onion teeth. The color of the fruit scales is orange. Harvest per hectare is about 18 tons. Not afraid of cold weather, resistant to putrefactive diseases. Has a table appointment.

Guran. Perennial variety, with medium-sharp taste and medium ripening. Bulbs weighing up to 28 gr., The color of the scales is brown, gray or light orange. One bulb can produce 6 daughter bulbs, and the yield is up to 2 kg. from the "square".

Shallot yellow Kuban. The semi-sharp taste of the variety, fast ripening time and good yields make the Kuban onion a leader in demand. The yellow shallot ripens in two months, gives up to 5 large bulbs. The yield varies from 16 to 28 tons per hectare. The shade of the bulbs is predominantly yellow, inside the fruit is white, tasting soft sharpness, crispy. The variety is well kept.

Shallot Sophocles. Productive, sharp, persistent. Bulbs of medium and large size, weight about 52 gr. Fully ripens in a month and a half. The bulbs have a red and brown-red tint, with a purple core, spicy in taste. Up to 7-9 bulbs develop in the nest. It grows well on any soil and gives impressive yields, with minimal costs for agricultural technology.

Shallot Family. Resistant to frost and disease, it ripens early, gaining weight of about 25 grams. Up to 5 medium-sized bulbs develop in the bulb nest. The mild flavor of the onion goes well with salads and vegetable dishes.

Shallots Sir 7. It has good keeping quality and medium yield. Suitable for cultivation in the northern regions of the country. Differs in early terms of maturing and gives up to 8 bulbs from a nest. About 18 tons of onions can be obtained per hectare.

In addition to the above varieties of shallots, there are such as red shallots of the Starorussky variety, white shallots of the Royal variety, yellow shallots of the Old Believer variety, purple shallots of the Shallot, brown or brown shallots of Andreyka. All varieties have excellent taste, and will be able to diversify your diet.

Harvesting and storing shallots

Harvesting of shallots begins from the moment the upper tier of the plant (leaves) dries up. Ripe bulbs are dug up in August, trying not to disturb the integrity of the fruit.

Before harvesting for storage, the dug up crop is dried, the dry tops are cut off. The bulbs are inspected for spoilage, sorted and laid out in wooden boxes or boxes.

Store shallots in a dark, cool place with low humidity.

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Shallots - growing in the garden

Most summer residents and gardeners prefer to have shallots on their plot, the cultivation of which even a beginner can do. Have you tried it? In my childhood, there was always a bowl with peeled small elongated onions on the table. Only the word "shallot" we did not know then. For us it was a magpie. We ate it with borscht, even just like that, with bread sprinkled with salt. Yummy! Not spicy at all, even slightly sweetish, juicy, does not cause tears. It is not in vain that its exquisite, soft, intolerant taste and aroma are held in high esteem among gourmets and culinary specialists. Let's look at how to properly plant, grow this useful vegetable, what conditions it prefers.

Photo of shallots:

Shallot, what is it? This is just one of the many types of onions. We call it differently: family, nesting, bushing, forty-toothed, bushy, Old Believers onion, etc. The name itself, as it were, hints at the main feature - multi-nesting (multi-germ). As I said, the name of the magpie is closer to me, as it is usually called in the Kuban.

In the preparation of various dishes, this vegetable can replace its onion counterpart, give them a new spicy flavor. The green feather of the magpie is also eaten. It grows even earlier than ordinary onion, more subtle and delicate in taste.

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Shallot - description

In cooking, it can completely replace the usual onion, and many housewives like its small size. Green shallots are thinner and look great chopped in salads. Plus, the magpie quickly builds up green mass than the usual one. In addition to its small size (about 20 g), it has a slightly elongated shape, and the head itself resembles garlic in structure. According to the content of vitamins and useful components, the magpie is ahead of all its onion counterparts. It is tasty, healthy, has antibacterial properties, lowers cholesterol, enhances the body's resistance to various diseases.

Family shallots are perfectly preserved, do not lose their appearance and taste characteristics for a long time. It is a perennial plant, but is most often grown as a biennial on the site. Propagated by seeds and small bulbs (sevkom).

In the first year of life, the culture forms a "family" of 3-5 onions, and the next year it grows to 7-10 onions in one nest. The total weight of such a family can sometimes reach 0.5 kg, and the number of onions sometimes has up to 15 pieces. There are many varieties of magpie, they all have differences in shape and color. There are purple, white, brown, golden or red bulbs.

Not only because of the beneficial properties, summer residents plant it in their plots, but also for the sake of getting early greenery. Shrike not only grows greens faster, but ripens faster, and the pulp has a delicate juicy taste.

Depending on the variety, it can be sweet, spicy, peninsular, in terms of ripening - early, medium or late. All these features should be taken into account, giving preference to the subspecies planted in the garden.

Today, shallots are successfully cultivated in many countries: India, Greece, America, Asia and Europe, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Russia. It is widely used in sauces, marinades, baked, caramelized, preserved, dried in thin slices, etc. Only a month after planting, the greens can be cut and used for food, and after 2 months the bulbs become ripe.

This is a frost-resistant crop; you can plant sevok even in early spring or before the onset of winter. Shrike is perfectly preserved even at room temperature, practically does not germinate, and when cut, most varieties do not cause lacrimation.

1. For planting, initially, the best bulbs should be selected, which were not stored for long (3-4 months) at a temperature of +3..+10°C.
2. They need to be planted in the Kuban either in the February windows, or at the end of February / beginning of March; in central Russia - at the end of April / beginning of May. It is the reaction of the bulbs to the cold (vernalization) that will provoke the growth of flower arrows, from which it will subsequently be possible to obtain seed material.
3. No other onion varieties should grow next to the magpie, in order to avoid cross-pollination. This point is very important for those who want to collect their seeds.

Shallots, photo:

If you are growing this crop through seedlings, then greenhouse, greenhouse or even room conditions are perfect for these purposes. First you need to prepare the soil and purchase cassettes for seedlings. The soil can be bought ready-made or take soddy soil mixed with humus (1: 1).

In a container for seedlings or a cassette, you need to pour soil, make small indentations or grooves, lay the shallot seeds (0.5 cm apart). Seeds can be mixed with clean river sand, they should be buried in the ground by 2-3 cm. After that, the seed should be sprinkled with the same soil mixture or peat, poured with water at room temperature.

Seedlings should be kept indoors with a temperature of +23..+25°C. After the first shoots appear, the temperature should be lowered to +10 .. + 13 ° C - for 3-4 days. The subsequent temperature regime for seedlings should be approximately +15..+18°C during the day and +6..+10°C at night.

Shallot seedlings, photo:

Watering should be done carefully and regularly (as the soil dries out). Avoid waterlogging the soil - this is detrimental to seedlings.

After your magpie grows up and gets stronger, another stage begins - thinning. It is necessary to leave the strongest specimens, which should be located at a distance of 2-2.5 cm from each other. Before young plants are transferred to the beds, they can be fed a couple of times with a “cocktail” of urea (5 g), superphosphate (10 d), potassium chloride (2-3 g). A mixture of these fertilizers must first be dissolved with 5 liters of water, water the seedlings.

About 10 days before planting shallots in open ground, the container with young livestock should be moved to a cooler room with good ventilation. At this stage, it is good to periodically take the plants out into the open air (balcony or outside) - harden them. The volume of water during irrigation should be reduced. By this time, the onion usually already has three or four green feathers; by the beginning or second week of May, it can be transplanted into open ground.

In order for a healthy and strong magpie to grow on your site, young livestock should be planted in pre-fertilized soil.

Shrike in the beds, photo:

Loose fertile soil with neutral acidity (6-7 pH) should prevail in the place allocated for the shrike. On the ground you need to make furrows where the plants will be placed. If you wish, you can dilute clay with cow dung in water. The roots should be dipped in this solution before being buried in the soil. The interval between the bulbs should be approximately 5 cm. The beds themselves should be located at a distance of 20 cm from each other - these are the optimal parameters for this crop. After planting, it is better to loosen the aisle.

What Shallots Like:

1. He prefers sunny areas, lack of shade.
2. The soil should never be acidic!
3. If in your dacha the soil lies close to the upper layers of the soil, then you can plant a magpie only after ensuring reliable drainage.
4. It is better not to grow shallots in the same place for more than 3 years in a row.
5. Consider the crops that grew on the site before planting the magpie. It can be planted after potatoes, melons, tomatoes, cucumbers and all varieties of cabbage. If before that garlic or beets grew there, as well as sunflowers or corn, then it is better to choose another place.
6. Shallots coexist well with green lettuce, radishes, strawberries, and if you plant carrots nearby, the magpie will drive away the carrot fly with its smell. Carrots, with their aroma, will scare away the onion fly.
7. It is undesirable to plant green peas or beans next to shallots, as well as spinach, parsley or dill, as their company negatively affects it.

After the magpie is planted, further care for it consists in regular loosening of the soil, watering and removing weeds. In May, the beds can be fertilized with nitrogen-containing dressings or manure diluted with water. After 3-4 weeks, you can re-feed the plants with potassium salt with ammonium nitrate. Already after 25 days, you can cut the first greens, the bulbs themselves will ripen around the end of July. In the first year of life, the magpie forms small "nests" from seeds, consisting of 3-4 small onions. They are harvested, dried and used as seed for the next season.

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Shallots from sevka - care, planting, protection from diseases

Now let's look at the usual cultivation of shallots - with the help of sets (small onions). First of all, the seed must be healthy, attractive in appearance, without any damage or deterioration. In general, the larger the planted bulb, the more it will give greenery and child small onions.

For prevention, in order to insure against powdery mildew disease of the crop, it is recommended to warm up all planting material for 6-7 hours at a temperature of + 40 ° C (for example, spread it around the radiator). The plot of land must be dug up, preferably fertilized with humus (approximately 5 kg per 1 m²). It is necessary to form beds, leaving a distance of 20-25 cm between them. After the earth warms up to + 5 ° C by the rays of the sun, a magpie can be planted.

You will get larger specimens if the sevok is buried in cool soil - confirmed by experienced gardeners. Each bulb should be planted about 3 or 4 cm into the soil.

Subsequent care consists in regular watering of the beds (but not waterlogging of the soil), especially during the growing season. Weeding, weed removal, soil fluffing are mandatory and familiar procedures for all gardeners. When the first green sprouts appear, it can be fed with nitrogen fertilizers or manure.

At the stage of bulb formation, potash additives, wood ash and poultry droppings will not interfere. To get a large vegetable, the beds will have to be thinned out. By the last weeks of July, you can harvest.

In general, this crop can be grown not only in the beds, but also at home on the windowsill, on the balcony or loggia, it also grows well. If you decide to plant a magpie at home, then it is better to do this in the last weeks of February. Thus, after 30 days you will be able to collect the first greens. By the way, the bulb can be "forced" to repeat its purpose - to get it out of the ground, cut off a half, and then plant it again. After 30 days, you will receive new fresh greens at home again.

Shallot at home, photo:

As mentioned above, at the site, the magpie is planted in the Kuban either in the February windows, or at the end of February / beginning of March; in central Russia - at the end of April / beginning of May. And if autumn planting is planned, then it is preferable to do this in mid-late November (Kuban) or in the last weeks of October (central Russia).

This is a cold-resistant crop, but for planting before winter it is better to choose winter-hardy varieties: Krepysh, Siberian Yellow, Garant, Albik, SIR-7.

Winter planting gives a good result only in the southern regions of Russia, because in the middle lane about half of the bulbs freeze out. As for the northern regions, the losses can be significant, so you need to think more than once whether it is worth the risk.

Shrike can get downy mildew (downy mildew) if rainy weather drags on for a long time. To prevent this from happening, the soil in the beds must be treated with 1% Bordeaux liquid - this is a fairly effective prevention against this disease.

Emerald - has a slightly spicy taste, the bulbs are round, weight is about 16-22 g, the husk has a brownish-pink hue. A very productive variety, in a cool room it can be stored for quite a long time.

Belozerets 94 - has a pronounced spicy taste, but without bitterness. It performs well in the southern regions, as it belongs to drought-resistant varieties. The weight of the bulb can reach 30 g.

Cascade - forms wide ovoid bulbs, one nest usually consists of 5 or 6 bulbs, 30-35 g each. The husk is pinkish in color, the flesh is juicy, with a sharp taste. It also has good staying power.

Vitamin - forms nests of 8-10 bulbs, each of which weighs up to 30 g. 3 weeks after planting, you can already cut off the green feather. The husk has a golden hue, the pulp has a juicy, spicy aftertaste.

Sprint - the nest has from 5 to 10 bulbs, each of which can reach 40 g. A very productive variety, resistant to downy mildew (peronosporosis). Zoned for the North Caucasus.

Family - forms a nest of 2-4 onions, each of which weighs 15-25 g. A snow-white vegetable is hidden under the purple husk. Very resistant to diseases, practically not affected by them.

SIR-7 is a high-yielding variety with a sharp spicy taste. From 4 to 7 onions grow in the nest, each of which weighs 25-30 g. It has a long shelf life.

Sophocles - again, a very productive variety, forms reddish-brown onions with juicy semi-sharp flesh of a pale purple hue. 4-7 bulbs ripen in the nest, each of which weighs 25-50 g. It can be stored for a long time, resistant to rot and thrips.

Uralsky-40 - elongated oval bulbs weigh from 50 to 100 g each, 3-5 pieces are formed in the nest. Grows in any region, has good keeping quality.

Chapaevsky - has round or flat, rounded bulbs with a semi-sharp flavor. The husk is purple, with a pinkish tint, resistant to peronosporosis, very easy, productive variety. Great for the Chernozem region (Central Black Earth region).

Albic - forms elongated onions weighing 20-30 g each. 4-8 pieces ripen in the nest, a high-yielding variety that can be planted before winter.

Russian Violet - can have both semi-sharp and sweet taste. The color of the husk is purple-brownish, inside the vegetable is pinkish, juicy. Forms round onions (sometimes flat), from 25 to 40 g each. The nest is large, can have up to 15 bulbs, high-yielding cultivar.

Kuban yellow D-322 - is characterized by a semi-sharp taste, has a yellowish-brown husk and a white, slightly greenish hue of a peeled vegetable. The variety is resistant to heat and drought, each onion weighs 25-30 g, 3 or 4 pieces are formed in the nest. It is optimal for cultivation in the south of Russia and for the Lower Volga region.

Vonsky - very resistant to diseases and pest attacks, grows in any conditions, even adverse ones. Each bulb weighs 30-60 g, 3-4 pieces ripen in the nest. The husk of this variety is red, the vegetable itself is white, with a slightly purple tint, juicy, has a semi-sharp spicy taste.

Bargalinsky (or Marneulsky) - onions of this variety have an oval elongated shape, each weighs from 50 to 90 g, 4-7 onions ripen in the nest. Husk with a yellowish-pink color, peeled vegetable - white. It reproduces well by seed, has a high yield.

Fortress - forms from 4 to 7 onions in the nest, each of them weighs 25-55 g. The husk is pinkish in color, the core is reddish, with a semi-sharp taste. The grade is steady against decay, differs in good keeping quality.

It is clear that it is not possible to describe all varieties of shallots, I have mentioned the main qualities of the most popular representatives of this culture. Almost all varieties are well and long preserved without loss of taste, as well as appearance.

The key to long-term storage is proper harvesting. When ripe bulbous nests are removed from the ground, they are disassembled into separate fragments (onions) and dried in the same place, in the beds. If the weather is good, then they stay there for several days, after which they go to dry under some kind of canopy (in the fresh air). After drying, the onion is placed in wooden or cardboard containers and transferred to a dry basement.

It has a lot of positive qualities, moreover, it can be eaten by people with gastrointestinal diseases, in which the usual onion is prohibited for use.

Plant shallots in your dacha, the cultivation of which, as you can see, does not present any difficulties. This is an onion aristocrat, delicate, with a delicate taste, without a pronounced onion smell.

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Shallots: description, photo, cultivation and care

FermoVed.ru » Vegetable growing » Onions » Cultivation and varieties of shallots

Shallots are a variety similar to onions, but forming many "babies" from the bulbs. In another way, it is also called "kuschevka", "magpie", "family onion". The plant is perennial, but rather quickly loses its yield, so it is advised to replant it annually, and re-grow it from seeds every 3 years. Shallots have more useful properties than ordinary onions. It is widely used in cooking, especially in French cuisine.

Shallot

Description of the species

The first reliable description of the shallot species dates back to 1261. Presumably, they began to grow it in the Middle East 5000 years ago. From there it spread to Egypt, Greece, India. In the Middle Ages, he came to Normandy, where he quickly gained popularity. Now almost no sauce in French cuisine is complete without the addition of shallots. For a long time it has been known in the Caucasus, the Far East, Ukraine and Moldova. A relatively new culture is for Siberia, the Russian Non-Black Earth region.

Shallots in the photo and in reality are very similar to ordinary onions or leeks, although in reality they differ from them in many ways. The difference is that its turnip consists of several cloves, like onion or garlic. The mass of onions is small, 15-30 g. When planting, it is not the bulbs themselves that increase, but their number. The total weight of the "kids" can reach half a kilogram or more, in one hole there are from 4 to 40 pieces.

The shallot feather is juicy, fragrant, with a sweetish aftertaste and not as hot as that of onions. The greens are early ripening, almost never become tough. You can cut the feather completely several times a season. Small bulbs quickly grow new leaves, especially when they are transplanted in the summer. Northern varieties of onions are white, with a sharp taste. Southern - red, peninsular or sweet.

The health benefits of shallots cannot be overestimated. It contains much more vitamins than regular onion. Here is the approximate composition of shallots:

• vitamins B1, B2, PP, carotene;
• ascorbic acid - in leaves 54.9-70.8 mg, in bulbs 5.7-8.3 mg per 100 g;
• essential mala - in bulbs 28.0-34.0 per 100 g
• dry matter - in leaves 8.5-10.7%, in bulbs 14.2-22.0%
• sugar - in leaves 2.8-4.0%, in bulbs 8.1-13.6%
• proteins - in leaves 2.0-2.8%, in bulbs 2.9%

When fried in butter, shallots give a special aroma, for which they are appreciated by culinary specialists. It is used to prepare dishes of both European and Asian cuisine. Under the influence of temperature, it caramelizes better than regular, as it contains more sugar. The most popular variety is échalote grise with white oblong bulbs.

Benefits of onions

We have already told what composition the bulbs of the magpie variety and their greens have. Now a few words about the virtues that distinguish culture:

• Growing and caring for onions is simple, it is an unpretentious culture.
• The yield is always high, because several dozen small turnips are formed in one nest.
• The plant is frost-resistant, withstands temperatures of 2-4°C, perfectly ripens at 18-20°C. Even if the root crops freeze slightly, this will not affect the crop.
• The greens are soft, tender and juicy throughout the growing season until the very moment of harvesting from the field.
• The species has excellent keeping quality, the heads do not dry and do not rot, therefore they can be stored almost until the new harvest.
• The species matures very quickly, it can be removed from the field in the second half of July, and it gives a feather in April with early planting.
• It grows well even at home on the windowsill; all winter you can get healthy, fragrant and juicy greens for salad.
• When cut, it does not sting the eyes and does not cause tears, unlike onion, which makes it more convenient to cook.
• Industrial cultivation is very profitable, since the greens ripen early, the species has a high yield.

Shallots increase immunity and body tone, it is recommended in the treatment of beriberi. It also contains many minerals, it helps in the treatment of anemia, accelerates the healing of fractures, and prevents osteoporosis. Dishes with its addition have a special piquant taste and aroma. Shallot is contraindicated in ulcers and gastritis, kidney and liver diseases. The essential oils that make up onions can cause bronchospasm.

Bed selection

Shallots are an unpretentious culture; caring for them is no different. On the right soil, it gives the best harvest. The soil should be slightly acidic or neutral. The plant does not like an excess of moisture, if groundwater comes close, it is better to make additional drainage from coarse sand or small pebbles in the garden. The place should be well lit. It is best to plant a shrew on a hill. If this is not possible, the bed is made 15-20 cm high.

It is good to plant shallots after crops such as zucchini, pumpkin, cucumbers, potatoes, tomatoes, cabbage, legumes. You should not grow it in a garden where carrots, garlic, beets, sunflowers or corn were planted the year before. Nearby you can plant radishes, strawberries, carrots, lettuce, cucumbers, dill, calendula. These plants help each other fight pests and diseases.

It is better to prepare a bed for seedlings of shallots in the fall. The earth is dug up well and 4-6 kg of humus are applied for each square meter. In the spring, the soil should be fertilized with mineral top dressing of the following composition:

• superphosphate - 25 g;
• saltpeter with ammonia - 15-20 g;
• potassium chloride - 15 g.

After fertilizing, the earth is well dug up, weeds are removed and beds are formed.

Planting bulbs

To grow shallots on a green feather, you need to plant bulbs. They grow well and develop both in the garden and at home. The culture grows well in greenhouses and greenhouses. Healthy heads weighing 7-9 g are selected. They can first be soaked for 30-40 minutes in potassium permanganate to destroy fungi and bacteria. From onion flies, shallots can be treated with a concentrated salt solution.

Shallots are planted in early spring. It can be placed under the film as early as the beginning of March. Growing a home on a balcony or windowsill can be year-round. If you plant sevok in the garden in the spring, then after a month you can collect juicy greens.

The bed is prepared as described above. The distance between the rows for planting is about 20 cm. Between two heads there should be at least 7-8 cm. The heads are deepened into the ground by 5 cm. After cutting the greens, the bulbs can be dug up, divided and planted again in the ground. A month later, you can get a new green. If they are not dug up, the yield drops sharply.

Reproduction by seeds

Propagation by shallot seeds is one of the most popular methods. Sow crops both in spring and autumn. Seeds survive winter frosts well. Growing from seeds allows you to get both juicy greens and numerous medium-sized turnips. The method is also good because the price of seeds is lower than the heads. The next year, you can easily get your own sets.

Spring planting seeds

How are shallots grown from seed? There are no particular difficulties in this. Beds for planting shallot seeds are prepared in the fall. To do this, they are dug up and the following fertilizers are applied to the soil:

• humus - 6 kg / m²;
• superphosphate - 60 g / m²;
• wood ash - 1 cup / m²;
• saltpeter - 30 g / m² (applied in spring).

Seeds are washed before planting, placed on a wet cloth and covered with a film on top. You can lower the seed into a container with water and close it with a plastic lid with holes (for air to enter). Keep 2-3 days at a temperature of 21-24°C. Every 7 hours, the seeds must be re-washed and the water changed.

Immediately before planting shallots, the seeds are dried. The distance between the grooves in the garden is 25 cm. Onions should not be sown too thickly, as they will not grow well. After the emergence of seedlings, the bed is thinned out so that between the two plants it is ultimately 6-7 cm. The seeds are deepened into the ground by 2-3 cm, sprinkled with earth, peat or humus on top. Be sure to water the beds before or after sowing.

Autumn planting seeds

Planting shallots for the winter has its advantages and disadvantages. Already in early spring, you can get a green feather from it, but the yield in the middle lane after winter is quite low, in the region of 55-65%. Much more often, such a bow shoots arrows - in 70-75% of cases (with spring planting - 15-20%). It is good to sow onions for the winter, if the goal is to get new seeds next year.

A bed a few days before sowing is fertilized with compost or humus (5-6 kg / m²). The distance between the two rows should be 20-25 cm. Seeds do not require preliminary preparation before planting, they are simply sown to a depth of 3-4 cm. Sprinkle the crops with earth and peat, cover the bed with a film on top. When spring comes, the crops will begin to develop rapidly, in April you can collect fresh greens.

Onion care

How to grow shallots correctly? Shrike is an unpretentious plant, but good care can increase productivity. For onions, regular watering is important, at least 2-3 times a week, if the yard is dry. 15-20 liters of water are needed per 1 m2 of beds. Stop watering a month before harvest.

3 or 4 times during the growing season should loosen the ground and pull out weeds. They can completely drown out shallot crops, so regular weeding is vital for the plant. Twice a season you need to feed shallots. As the first fertilizer, use mullein (bird droppings), diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10, or slurry at a dilution of 1:5. Fertilizer consumption - a bucket per meter of beds.

Instead of mullein or manure, you can make a mineral dressing of the following composition:

• ammonium nitrate - 10 g / m²;
• superphosphate - 10-15 g / m².

The first feeding is carried out 2 weeks after the green feather began to appear en masse. The second time fertilizers are applied 10-15 days after the first feeding, when the bulbs begin to form. Their composition may be as follows:

• potassium chloride - 10-15 g / m²;
• superphosphate - 15-20 g / m².

Kushchevka is quite resistant to various diseases and pests, and therefore it is not difficult to grow it. If a problem has arisen, then it is not so difficult to deal with it. To kill onion flies and other pests, it is best to treat the plant with a concentrated solution of kitchen salt. Flies that are visible on the leaves can be removed mechanically. To get rid of fungi (powdery mildew, gray rot, etc.), shallots are treated with fungicides.

Shallots and their secrets.

Susan V. G. Features of shallots

Shallots agricultural technology - a full cycle from planting to storage

Onion cleaning and storage

As you can see, shallot farming is a very simple matter. Growing it is within the power of even beginners. The shrike ripens faster than onions, therefore its harvesting is carried out already in the second half of July or in early August. The yellow color of the feather serves as a signal that it is time to dig up the plant. It is advisable to harvest in dry weather so that the bulbs are easier to dry.

They dig up the heads as usual, try not to damage the roots and scales, then carefully separate the “kids” and put the onions to dry. You can do this right on the street, under the sun, spreading the turnips on a litter. The second option is in the yard under a canopy or on the balcony. To make drying faster, the onion can be placed in the oven at a temperature of 40-50 ° C for 2-3 days.

When shallots are harvested, there are always very small heads in the lot. They hardly survive the winter, they can completely dry out. It is best to marinate such "kids" and then add them to salads, meat and vegetable dishes. The rest of the onions are stored in paper bags on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator or in a cool pantry.

Varieties of shallots

As already mentioned, the magpie has been grown by people for several millennia. In Europe, this species has been known for 800 years. During this time, many varieties have been bred with different taste, color, shape, and frost resistance. They are early ripening, mid-ripening and late-ripening. Often summer residents conditionally divide varieties into ancient and shrubs. The ancient onion is large, the color of its heads is yellow with red, the husk is brown. Bushes are early ripening, with yellowish small bulbs, give a lot of "kids" and are well stored.

Here are the main varieties of modern shallots, their description and characteristics:

• Airat. A medium-sharp variety with bulbs weighing 15-20 g, there are 5-6 "children" in one nest.
• Cuban yellow. Quite a large variety, the mass of heads is 25-30 g, there are 4-5 of them in one turnip. Stores well and is drought tolerant.
• Banana. The sweetest of all varieties, the onion looks like a banana, hence the name.
• Sir-7. A high-yielding variety, the bulb weighs 30-40 g, there are up to 7 of them in one nest. The taste is spicy and ripens early.
• Vonsky. A large variety with late ripening, increased resistance to various plant diseases and pests. The weight of the heads is 30-70 g, the number in the nest is 3-4 pieces.
• Star. Drought tolerant variety with medium fruit and early ripening.
• Kunak. Mid-season variety with vegetation of 90-100 days and high productivity. Onion scales are yellow with brown, from 1 m of the bed you can collect up to 3 kg of leaves and up to 2.5 kg of bulbs.
• Belozerets-94. An early variety that matures in 85 days. Shallot bulbs are oval in shape, light lilac in color. The weight of one nest is 100-120 g, 2-2.5 kg of fruits are harvested from 1 m of the bed.
• Prince. Quite a large variety with medium ripening. Heads weigh up to 250 g, contain 7-8 turnips. The color of the bulbs is light purple, they are covered with yellow-brown scales. The pulp is tender in taste, onions are stored for up to 10 months.
• Snowball and the White Queen. White varieties of shallots with a delicate juicy taste. The heads weigh 25-30 g, there are 7-8 of them in one nest.
• Primalis. The variety can grow in one place for 2-3 years, forms turnips weighing 10-40 g, they are covered with golden skin, the flesh is white with a slight purple tint. The variety produces abundant greenery.
• Delicacy. A common variety with oblong turnips, tender and sweetish flesh of a purple hue, golden brown husk.
• Golden gourmet. A large variety, its main difference is its high yield. The head can grow up to 500 g, contains 30-40 bulbs of different sizes. The shape is oblong and round, the skin is golden, the greens are plentiful.
• Andrey. Mid-season variety with pink flesh, oblong turnips, semi-sharp taste. The weight of the head is 25 g, the yield is 1.8 kg per 1 m of the bed.
• Albic. A variety of medium ripening, semi-sharp taste, onions are covered with greenish scales. There are 7-8 pieces in the nest.
• Bonnilla F1. Mid-early variety with a mass of onions 35-40 g. It is well stored, gives a juicy feather.
• Emerald. An early variety with small heads, up to 20 g, up to 4 pieces in a nest. It is best to grow it in a two-year culture.
• Cascade. An early variety with pink oval bulbs, weighing 30-35 g, there are 5-6 pieces in the nest. Very well kept in winter.
• Shallot family. An early variety with bulbs of 18-20 g each, produces 3-4 pieces per nest. The scales are yellow-violet, the flesh is white. Stored up to 10 months, disease resistant.
• Red Sun. It has a high yield, the heads weigh 30-40 g, the total weight under one bush is up to 0.5 kg. The shape is round, the color is red, the greens are juicy.
• Berezovsky aristocrat. High-yielding variety with medium maturation. From 1 m2 of a bed, you can get up to 3-3.5 kg of bulbs.

As you can see, picking up shallots for growing is easy. Its varieties are so diverse that they can satisfy any taste. You can see each of them in more detail in the photo.

Kushchevka care is simple, and the yield is high. Its use in cooking gives a special exquisite flavor and aroma to dishes, which is why many gardeners prefer to plant this particular variety instead of onions.

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Shallot variety

Shallots (other names are Ascalonian, family, potato) are one of the cultivated varieties of onion varieties that have become widespread throughout the world due to their pleasant taste and a number of useful qualities.

The plant, which appeared in ancient times in the Middle East, came to European countries in the 13th century. The biblical city of Ascalon, located in Palestine, became the place of its cultivation, which is why the onion got the name escalot, which eventually turned into shallot.

The people call this kind of onion "kvochka", "kuschevka", "magpie", "charlotte" due to the unique property in one bush to simultaneously make a large nest consisting of several bulbs. Depending on the type of plant and care, the number of bulbs can vary from 5 to 20 pieces.

Shallot differs from other similar plants in the vegetative way of reproduction. The great popularity of this culture is currently associated with its ability to multiply easily and quickly. Different varieties of shallots differ in shape, size, color and taste.

Compared to onions, shallots contain more minerals, sugar and ascorbic acid. Dietary properties and medicinal characteristics of the plant are much higher than onions. Shallots are characterized by smaller bulbs, strong branching and better keeping quality. Shallot stalks reach a height of 35-50 centimeters. Depending on the variety, the mass of the bulb averages 15-45 grams.

The use of shallots in cooking

Since ancient times, shallots have been famous for their excellent taste and high seed fertility. It is rightfully considered a gourmet product. Outwardly, the shallot resembles an ordinary onion in miniature, but the feathers of the plant are narrower and more delicate, and do not coarsen for a long time. A pleasant aroma and silky texture of the pulp is complemented by a semi-sweet mild taste.

Unlike onions, this culture does not make you cry when cut. Shallots can be safely added to various fresh vegetable salads: bad breath does not appear after eating it.

A similar ingredient is found in many recipes of world cuisine. Its special aroma and unique taste does not drown out the rest of the dish. Shallot turnips are used by French chefs to make the famous onion soup. From small onions, magnificent pickled pickles are prepared - an exquisite seasoning for meat.

Distinctive features

One of the main distinguishing features of this plant is early ripeness. After planting in the ground, the culture begins to grow very quickly and in a month gives greenery ready for cutting. Ripe bulbs appear after 70 days, ahead of onions. Shallots are quite resistant to cold, they are able to germinate without damage after freezing and thawing.

Shallots are characterized by precocity. Under normal climatic conditions, the bulbs ripen 2 months after the start of leaf regrowth. Bulb ripening time depends on weather conditions and can vary within two weeks.

The vegetable is rich in vitamins, carotene, nutrients, salts necessary for the human body. The northern forms of the plant are characterized by a yellow color of the bulbs and a sharp taste, the southern forms have a purple color of the scales, a sweet peninsular taste.

Plants are highly winter hardy. Bulbs withstand frost up to 2-5 degrees, for successful cultivation, the optimum temperature is 19-20 degrees. Seeds germinate at 3-4 degrees Celsius. Of the plants planted in spring, 7-12% shoot, in autumn - 50-70%.

yield

Shallots are characterized by high yields. One medium-sized bulb with careful care and fertile soil gives a whole nest of bulbs weighing 150-300 grams. About 5 kilograms of greens or 3-4 kilograms of bulbs are harvested from a square meter of beds. Shallots are easy to store. Even at room temperature, it will not dry out and germinate, remaining until the next harvest.

Suitable region and climate

Shallots are grown in Egypt, India, Greece, European countries. It is widely distributed in the Far East, the Caucasus, Kazakhstan, Ukraine. Most shallot varieties prefer southern climates, but some varieties thrive in temperate climates as well. The plant quickly gained popularity in Siberia and the Non-Chernozem zone, although it is grown there relatively recently.

is a herbaceous biennial plant, the first mention of which dates back to the 13th century. Currently, residents of the Far East, Ukraine and Kazakhstan are engaged in the cultivation of this crop. Abroad, this variety is grown in Greece, India and Egypt. Unfortunately, in our beds this variety is a very rare guest. It is often also called shallotka, busher and magpie.

Despite the fact that in size the bulbs are significantly inferior to simple onions, it is this variety is the most profitable culture for cultivation. Shallots ripen very quickly, their bulbs are well stored, remaining fresh for a long time. During storage, the bulbs do not sprout and do not dry out. Ordinary onions ripen in at least 3-3.5 months, and shallots usually ripen 20-30 days faster. Green feathers are ready for use within a month after planting, and the bulbs themselves are not harvested until the onset of cold weather. This species is distinguished by a very fragrant greenery, which is able to remain fresh for a long time.

By appearance shallots are similar to garlic, its bulb also consists of many slices, on average there are 8-10 pieces. Coloring from white to purple, and the average weight of the bulb is from 30 to 50 grams. The leaves are very thin, they are valued for their taste properties because they are mild, tender and do not drown out the taste of other dishes. A great distinguishing ability is that shallots practically do not cause tears.

Exists many varieties of this crop:

1. Sir-7;
2. Belozerets-94;
3. Star;
4. Kunak;
5. Kuban yellow;
6. Zaporozhye.

According to taste, they are divided into:

• sweet;
• peninsular.

By maturity:

• early;
• medium;
• later.

Different varieties distinguishes the color of the scales, the number of bulbs in the nest in each species is also different. The shape is also different: rounded, elongated and rounded flat.

Shallots are not afraid of cold weather. The optimal temperature for growing is 20 degrees, but the seeds can begin to germinate already at 4 degrees Celsius, and they will not disappear even with frost up to 5 degrees. But even after cold weather, the bulbs do not rot, they are able to come to life and give leaves again.

Planting and caring for shallots

Plant this type of onion in the earliest spring. Bulbs are selected with a diameter of more than 3 centimeters, while their weight should be about 10 grams. Like an ordinary onion, it should be planted in rows, which should be at a distance of 20-30 centimeters from each other. They need to be sunk to a depth of 5 centimeters, and the distance between the bulbs should be 7 centimeters. After planting, be sure to sprinkle the beds with ashes abundantly to protect the plants from the onion fly.

If you grow onions in the same place from year to year, then it is worth remembering that the bush will degenerate. That's why it is advisable to change the beds sometimes. It is best to plant it exactly where carrots, beans or peas used to grow. At the same time, planting Shallots is far away from other varieties of onions, as it has the ability to interbreed with other crops.

No special care for this culture is required. It is necessary to remove weeds, water as needed, fertilize and loosen the ground. For top dressing, you can use both organic and mineral fertilizers. Plants require abundant watering only at the beginning of the growing season; at normal times, it should be watered only once a week in dry and hot weather. But it is necessary to stop watering one month before the harvest is to be harvested.

After harvesting the onions must be dried. It is best to do this right in the garden, if the weather is warm and sunny. If there are short-term rains, then you can construct a canopy, an example is shown in the photo, under which to hide the harvested crop. And only when all the greens are dry can the onion be woven into braids, so it is more convenient to store it.

Shrike can be grown at home in pots. If you give the plant good care, then it will delight not only with delicate and fragrant greens for the table, but also with bulbs.

Useful and dangerous properties

Shalotka contains many minerals, vitamins, more sugar and ascorbic acid than onions. It also contains a large amount of iron, phosphorus and potassium. For a very long time, this culture has been used in medicine: for the treatment of the digestive system and for the treatment of eye ailments. The use of shallots in food also helps to prevent the onset of cancer.

Shallots can cause an exacerbation in kidney diseases, with bronchial spasms. It is contraindicated in people suffering from diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, as it contains high acidity. It can also lead to difficulty urinating if consumed in excess.

In recent years, shallots, the photo of which you will see below, comes to replace onion, it is increasingly used in cooking in many countries. It is valued for its wonderful aroma and mild taste. This species is often called a delicacy, it is preferred by gourmets all over the world.

Shallot can even be used as a decorative ornament that can decorate any garden or flower bed.

Shallots and their varieties

There are many varieties of shallots. Like onions, shallot varieties are divided into early, medium and late, as well as peninsular, spicy and even sweet. Also, varieties of shallots differ in the color of the scales and the degree of branching, that is, the number of leaves and bulbs in the nest. Some of them are included in the State Register of the Russian Federation, there are even more varieties of folk selection. A feature of modern varieties and hybrids of shallots is their ability to seed reproduction, which contributes to the spread of culture. A description of some varieties of shallots is given on this page.

Shallot. Variety Airat. Mid-season semi-sharp onion variety for growing in household plots in a two-year culture. Yield 1.6 kg/sq.m. The bulb is round, with yellow dry scales, weighing 15 g. It forms 5-6 bulbs in the nest.

Shallot. Variety Albic. Mid-season peninsular variety with a growing season of 62 days. Bulbs of a transversely eleptic shape, weighing up to 25-30 g, there are from 3 to 8 pieces in the nest. Dry scales are yellow, juicy - greenish. The variety has a high keeping quality, yield - from 13 to 25 t / ha, suitable for winter planting.

Shallot. Variety Andrey. Mid-season semi-sharp variety with dark brown dry and pinkish juicy scales for personal household plots. The bulb is transversely elliptical, weighing 26 g. Productivity is 1.8 kg / sq.m.

Shallot. Variety Athos. Mid-season semi-sharp productive variety (2.0 kg/sq.m). The bulb is broadly ovoid, weighing up to 30 g. Dry scales are dark red, juicy reddish. The number of bulbs in the nest is 4-5.

Shallot. Variety Belozerets 94. Variety of early ripe spicy taste. Ripens in 76-85 days. The bulbs are round and round-oval, weighing 21-27 g. The color of dry scales is light lilac with a yellow tint, juicy - purple with a lilac tint. The yield of onion-turnip is 12.4-14.1 t/ha. Marketable bulbs, light. The variety is recommended for the North Caucasus region.

Shallot. Variety Bonnilla F1. The variety is included in the State Register for the Central Region. Originator: BEJO ZADEN B.V. Refers to mid-season varieties of peninsular taste, grown in one place for up to five years. The yield of turnip with leaves is 1.5 kg / sq.m. Grown in an annual culture from seeds. Vegetation period 82-87 days. There are 4 or more rounded bulbs in the nest, each weighing 30-39 g. Dry bulb scales are yellow-brown. The variety is soft, gives stable yields of greens and bulbs.

Shallot. Variety vitamin basket. An early ripe variety with a sharp taste. From germination to harvesting for a green feather 19-22 days, to mass lodging of leaves 65-70 days. The color of dry scales is yellow, juicy - white. Bulbs weighing up to 30 g. Recommended for growing on a green feather in closed ground in the winter-spring period. The keeping quality of the bulbs is high.

Shallot. Variety Guarantee. Mid-season peninsular variety with a growing season of 51 days. Bulbs are round-flat, in a nest from 4 to 10 pieces. Dry scales are light brown with a grayish tint. The mass of bulbs is 21-32 g, the yield is 14.1-24.6 t/ha. Recommended for obtaining green bulbs in open and protected ground.

Shallot. Variety Miner. Mid-season variety of semi-sharp taste for growing in a two-year culture. The bulb is round, weighing 16-18 g. There are 5-7 bulbs in the nest. Dry bulb scales are yellow. Yield 1.6 kg/sq.m.

Shallot. Variety Guran. Mid-season semi-sharp variety for growing in a two-year culture. The bulbs are round, weighing 26 g. Dry scales are light brown with a grayish tinge. Forms 4-5 bulbs in the nest. Yield 1.7 kg/sq.m.

Shallot. Variety Firebird. Mid-season semi-sharp variety with a vegetation period of 49-52 days. Turnip yield is 12.0 t/ha, green leaves - 21.6 t/ha. The bulbs are rounded flat, weighing 25-30 g. Dry scales are yellow-brown.

Shallot. Variety Emerald. Early ripe semi-sharp variety. The bulb is round, weighing 18-22 g. Dry scales are brown with a pink tint, juicy - white. There are 3-4 bulbs in the nest. Turnip yield is 1.2-1.4 kg/m. Stored up to 10 months. Recommended for biennial cultivation.

Shallot. Variety Cascade. An early ripe variety with a sharp taste for growing in a two-year-old culture from sevka. In the nest there are 5-6 bulbs weighing up to 35.2 g each. The bulb is broadly ovate. Dry scales are pink, juicy - pinkish. Turnip yield is 17.4 t/ha, green onion yield is 35.4 t/ha. Very soft variety.

Shallot. Variety Koinar. The variety is mid-season, semi-sharp. Vegetation period 83 days. In the nest, 2-4 round-flat and round-oval bulbs are formed, weighing about 26 g. The color of dry scales is brownish-pink, juicy - pale lilac with a white tint. The yield of turnip is about 25 t/ha, green feather - 25 t/ha. The variety is recommended for the West Siberian region of Russia.

Shallot. Variety Robust. Mid-late peninsular variety with a growing season of 52-69 days. Bulbs are oval in shape, with pink dry scales. In the nest there are from 4 to 7 bulbs weighing 23-52 g. Productivity is 12.7-21.4 t/ha. The keeping quality is high. Resistant to bolting and rot. Suitable for winter planting. Recommended for all areas of cultivation.

Shallot. Variety Kuban yellow. The variety is mid-season, semi-sharp. Vegetation period is 80-96 days. In the nest there are 3-4 bulbs of round and round-flat shape, each weighing 25-30 g. The color of dry scales is yellow-brown, juicy - white or greenish. The yield of onion-turnip is 15-27 t/ha. It is resistant to drought. Recommended for the Lower Volga region of Russia.

Shallot. Variety Off season 77. It is distinguished by its ability to produce a high yield of green onions per feather in October-January. Moderately resistant to downy mildew.

Shallot. Variety Family. An early ripe variety with a semi-sharp taste. The bulb is round, weighing 18-22 g. Dry scales are yellow-brown with a purple tint, juicy - white. 3-4 bulbs are formed in the nest. Diseases are not affected. Recommended for biennial cultivation.

Shallot. Variety earring.Hybrid of medium early maturity, very productive. Exceeds the standard yield of turnip by 29%, green onion by 1.5-2 times. Vegetation period up to 58 days. The bulbs are round, yellow, semi-sharp in taste, weighing 21-43 g. Forms 4-10 bulbs in the nest. The variety is suitable for mechanical harvesting, easy to grow, resistant to bolting and rot. For all zones of cultivation of culture.

Shallot. Variety Siberian amber. Mid-late peninsular variety with a growing season of 55-59 days. For cultivation in household plots in a two-year culture. Productivity is 20.3 t/ha. The yield of green leaves is 29.6 t/ha, early greens 11.6 t/ha. The bulbs are round-flat with a yellow-bronze tint, weighing 28-30 g. There are 6-7 bulbs in the nest. Recommended for all areas of cultivation.

Shallot. Variety SIR-7. Early ripe, maturing, high-yielding variety with a growing season of 53-71 days. There are 4-7 bulbs in the nest, each weighing 24-32 g. Spicy bulbs. The yield of onion-turnip is 170-280, green onion - 200-400 kg/ha. The variety is suitable for obtaining early turnips, green onions in open and protected ground. It has good staying power. Reproduces vegetatively.

Shallot. Variety Snowball. Early maturing variety with spicy bulbs. The bulb is ovoid, weighing up to 32 g. Dry and juicy scales are white. Turnip yield 1.9 kg/sq.m. Stored for 7 months.

Shallot. Variety Sophocles. Mid-early peninsular variety, 59 days pass before lodging of leaves. A very productive variety (206 centners/ha of turnip). Dry scales are brown with a reddish tint, juicy - pale purple. In the nest there are from 4 to 8 rounded bulbs weighing from 25 to 50 g. The variety is suitable for producing turnips, green onions in open and protected ground, for drying. Light, resistant to Fusarium rot and thrips.

Shallot. Variety Sprint. Early ripe variety with a growing season of 40-67 days. In the nest there are from 4 to 10 bulbs weighing up to 40 g. It is intended for obtaining mature bulbs in the early stages and for growing green onions in open ground and greenhouses. The yield of bulbs is 200-290, greens - 350-500 kg / ha. The variety is resistant to peronosporosis, propagates vegetatively.

Shallot. Variety Uralsky 40. Mid-season semi-sharp variety. Vegetation period up to 58 days. It forms elongated oval bulbs with dry yellow scales. The nest consists of 3-4 bulbs weighing up to 59 g each, sometimes up to 120 g. The yield of bulbs is from 14.6 to 23.8 t/ha. The variety is light, resistant to bolting, moderately affected by bulb rot. Designed for growing onions. Recommended for all areas of cultivation.

Shallot. Variety Ural purple. Mid-late peninsular variety for growing turnips. Productivity is up to 164 c/ha. The color of dry scales is reddish-violet. The mass of flattened bulbs is up to 58 g. The variety is resistant to bolting and rot, it reproduces vegetatively. Recommended for all areas of cultivation.

Shallot. Variety Chapaevsky. The variety is mid-season, universal use, semi-sharp taste. The growing season is 66 days. Forms 3-8 bulbs in the nest. The bulbs are round or round-flat, weighing 39-41 g. The color of dry scales is light purple with a pink tint, juicy - light purple. The yield of onion-turnip is 14.4-20.4 t/ha. The variety is soft, suitable for mechanized harvesting, slightly affected by downy mildew. Recommended for growing in the Central Black Earth region of Russia.