Online consultations. Gonorrhea in men, symptoms and treatment of gonorrhea

Discharge from the natural openings of the human body can tell a lot about the state of human health. The nature of the discharge from the ear indicates the health or diseases of the ear, the discharge from the nose provides comprehensive information about the pathology of this organ, the discharge from the penis indicates the state of the organs of the male reproductive system. Very often, unusual discharge from the penis becomes the first, and sometimes the only, symptom of a serious illness. Therefore, a man, paying attention to his sexual organ, should pay attention not only to its size, but also to the nature of the secretions.

Discharge from the penis is a collective concept that combines discharge from the urethra (urethra), discharge from the sebaceous glands (many located on the head of the penis) and discharge from pathological skin formations. There are three varieties of normal (physiological) secretions and a great variety of pathological discharges.

Physiological discharge from the penis

The first type of normal discharge is libidinal (physiological) urethrorrhea, which is a transparent secret flowing from the urethra against the background of sexual arousal. The source of secretions in this case are the urethral glands. The volume of secretions can vary from small to significant, depending on the physiological characteristics of the man and the duration of the period of sexual abstinence. Sometimes physiological urethrorrhea accompanies the act of defecation. I must say that the composition of the secret released during urethrorrhea includes a certain amount of spermatozoa, which, if they enter the female genital organs, can lead to conception and the development of pregnancy.

In some cases, discharge that resembles physiological, but in greater quantities, may be a manifestation of a disease of the reproductive system, therefore, if the nature or amount of discharge began to differ from your usual norm, it is worth discussing this issue with your doctor.

The second type of normal discharge from the penis is smegma. Smegma is the secretion of glands located in the skin of the foreskin and glans penis. The amount of smegma is usually small, and if daily hygiene procedures are followed, it is easily washed off and does not cause any problems. If the rules of personal hygiene are violated, smegma accumulates on the skin of the head and between the sheets of the foreskin and creates the prerequisites for the development of the inflammatory process.

To avoid the accumulation of smegma and subsequent inflammation, it is necessary to wash the penis regularly (1-2 times a day, with plenty of warm water using unscented soaps). In the process of washing, it is imperative to move the foreskin and wash the glans penis, carefully removing all secretions.

Normal discharge from the penis also includes sperm(semen) - a mixture of secretion of the gonads and sperm, which is released during ejaculation (ejaculation) during intercourse or masturbation (self-satisfaction). Usually the release of sperm is accompanied by sexual discharge (orgasm). This group of normal discharge from the penis includes pollutions- involuntary ejaculation (usually at night) that occurs in boys during puberty (after 14-15 years) and in men after prolonged sexual abstinence. The average frequency of wet dreams varies widely - from 1-3 per week to 1-2 for 2-3 months.

Pathological discharge from the penis

The causes of pathological discharge from the penis can be a wide variety of diseases, including inflammatory processes caused by their own opportunistic flora or sexually transmitted infections, oncological diseases, the consequences of injuries and operations. Pathological secretions from the penis differ in volume (scanty, moderate, abundant), color (transparent, cloudy white, milky white, white, yellow, yellow-green, mixed with blood), consistency (liquid, thick), frequency of occurrence ( constant, intermittent, morning, associated with urination or alcohol intake). The nature of the discharge is influenced by the nature of the causative agent of the disease, the severity of inflammation, the state of the patient's immune system, the "prescription" of the disease and the presence of concomitant diseases. Note that the same disease may be accompanied by secretions of a different nature, and, at the same time, different diseases can lead to the appearance of discharges from the penis that are completely similar in appearance. That is why it is sometimes simply impossible to diagnose a disease by the appearance of the discharge alone.

Discharge from the penis associated with sexually transmitted diseases

Mucous discharge from the penis- transparent and viscous with a small amount of leukocytes - characteristic of ureaplasmosis, mycoplasmosis and chlamydia.

Mucopurulent discharge- a translucent milky-white liquid, consisting of urethral mucus, inflammatory exudate and leukocytes - characteristic of trichomoniasis, ureaplasmosis and chlamydia during an exacerbation. Chlamydia is also characterized by "sticking" of accumulated secretions on the glans penis.

Purulent discharge- a sticky liquid of a thick consistency, yellow or yellow-green in color, consisting of urethral mucus, exfoliated urethral epithelium and a significant number of leukocytes - the most common sign of gonorrhea. A characteristic feature of gonorrheal urethritis is the severity of subjective symptoms, such as pain, pain, itching (especially during urination), a significant amount and constant nature of discharge from the urethra.

Currently, patients with sexually transmitted diseases very often have a combined infection - that is, an infection caused by several infectious agents (trichomoniasis and chlamydia, gonorrhea and chlamydia, mycoplasmosis and ureaplasmosis, etc.), which significantly changes the symptoms and manifestations of the infection. Therefore, based only on information about the nature of the discharge and the patient's complaints, it is not possible to make a final diagnosis and prescribe treatment. It is important that the symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases (including discharge from the penis) are quite easily stopped in the process of self-treatment with antibiotics. However, in this case, the disappearance of symptoms does not mean the disappearance of the disease. The disease simply goes into the shadows, so that after the end of antibiotic therapy it will return with renewed vigor. In addition, illiterate treatment leads to the formation of resistance of microorganisms to the used antibacterial drugs.

Discharge from the penis associated with non-venereal inflammatory processes

In this case, the causative agent of the infection becomes a representative of its own opportunistic flora (streptococcus, staphylococcus, fungus of the genus Candida, Escherichia coli), which became more active as a result of a decrease in the level of human immune defense.

Non-gonococcal urethritis- inflammation of the urethra (urethra) is accompanied by the appearance of mucopurulent discharge. A characteristic feature is the absence or mild severity of symptoms (pain, pain, itching) and a small amount of discharge that appears mainly during a long break between urination.

Allocations at balanoposthitis(inflammation of the foreskin of the penis) is usually very significant, mucopurulent or purulent, accompanied by pain in the glans penis, swelling and redness of the foreskin.

Prostatitis(inflammation of the prostate gland) - accompanied by the appearance of mucous and mucopurulent secretions (depending on the severity of the inflammatory process), pulling pains in the perineum, impaired urination and potency.

A very common disease of the male genital organs is thrush (candidiasis)- an inflammatory process associated with the activation of opportunistic fungi Candida. Typical manifestations of thrush in men are pronounced redness of the skin of the penis, the appearance of itching, burning, and also quite abundant curdled discharge.

Discharge from the penis not associated with inflammation

This is a rather rare type of discharge associated with trauma and tumor processes in the organs of the reproductive system, as well as with diseases of the nervous system.

Spermatorrhoea- discharge of semen from the urethra without orgasm, outside of sexual intercourse or masturbation. The main cause of spermatorrhea is a violation of the tone of the muscular membrane of the vas deferens associated with diseases of the central nervous system, less often with chronic inflammatory processes. In some cases, the cause of spermatorrhea cannot be determined.

Hematorrhea- discharge of blood from the urethra. The most common cause of hematorrhea is a mechanical injury to the urethra due to the introduction of foreign bodies, when taking a smear, after or during an instrumental examination of the urethra, bladder. Hematorrhea also occurs with trauma to the penis, urethra, malignant tumors of the urethra, penis, prostate, polyps, discharge of stones, sand in urolithiasis.

Prostatorrhea- there is a leakage of prostate secretion from the urethra - it is observed with a decrease in the tone of the smooth muscle fibers of the excretory duct of the prostate gland during its chronic inflammation or other diseases (for example, with a neurogenic bladder, prostate adenoma).

Finding the cause of discharge from the penis

Since there are a great many reasons for the appearance of unusual (non-physiological) discharge from the penis, a qualified urologist should look for the cause of each specific case. When examining a patient with complaints of discharge from the penis, the doctor should carefully examine the skin for rashes, feel the lymph nodes (for their enlargement, pain), examine the underwear.

The nature of the discharge from the penis is assessed at the beginning of the examination and after a light massage of the urethra, which is carried out after 2-3 hours of abstinence from urination. Among the mandatory studies that a man with unusual discharge from the penis will have to undergo are general blood tests (expanded) and urine, a blood sugar test, a smear test from the urethra, culture of urethral secretions, a digital examination of the prostate gland, if indicated, an ultrasound of the bladder and prostate, urography, computed tomography.

In inflammatory processes, the most valuable information is given by the study of the urethral smear. The results of this study depend on the severity and duration of the disease. Inflammation is indicated by the presence of 4 or more leukocytes, the appearance of cylindrical and parabasilar epithelium indicates the severity and depth of the inflammatory process.

Preparation for taking a smear. In order for the smear results to be informative and help the doctor in making a diagnosis, it is necessary to properly prepare for the smear sampling procedure. For this purpose, local use of antibiotics, antiseptics, antifungal drugs is excluded for 3 days before the study. Within 3 hours before the study, it is necessary to refrain from urination and external toilet of the genital organs. Smears are taken no earlier than 3 weeks after the end of systemic antibiotic therapy (introduction of antibiotics orally or in the form of injections).

What do urethral smear results indicate?

Increase in white blood cells- acute urethritis, exacerbation of chronic urethritis.

Increase in eosinophils- Allergic urethritis.

Erythrocyte increase- trauma, tumors, excretion of stones or sand in urolithiasis, severe inflammation.

epithelial cells in abundance- chronic urethritis, urethral leukoplakia.

spermatozoa- spermatorrhea.

Lipoid grains- prostorrhea.

Mucus without blood cells- urethrorrhea.

key cells(small sticks on epithelial cells) with a small number of neutrophils - urethritis.

In a normal smear, up to 4 leukocytes are found in the field of view, the bacterial flora is represented by single cocci, rods.

Finally

The appearance of discharge from the penis is best considered as a symptom of a disease, the nature of which can only be determined by a doctor and only at a face-to-face appointment. It is impossible to independently diagnose the pathology that led to the appearance of secretions, therefore it is not advisable to treat it on your own. Attempts at self-treatment in this case do not lead to recovery, but only distort the symptoms of the disease and lead to loss of time - precious in some serious diseases. Take care of your health!

Many men who are interested in football or basketball know that dribbling is a long dribbling of the ball by one player. But there is a minority of the stronger sex for whom dribbling is an unpleasant verdict from a urologist.

Every fifth healthy man over 30 years of age has such a diagnosis, but much more often this condition accompanies diseases of the lower part of the urinary system.

Why is urine excreted

The urethra, or rather its proximal and middle parts, is surrounded by the bulbo-cavernous muscle, which normally contracts after the completion of urination and "pushes" the remaining urine out.

Leakage indicates that, for one reason or another, the urethral release mechanism does not work, and fluid remains in it, which later drips from the end of the glans penis, which often leads not only to wet underwear, but also puts a man in an awkward position.

By itself, dribbling does not pose a threat to a man's life, but it definitely reduces its quality.

The reasons

If, after urination, urine is excreted in drops in men who do not have any diseases, then the reason most likely lies in the physiological characteristics of the body: the urethra has such a structure, due to which urine is retained in its bulbar region, which flows out later under the influence of gravity or during movement.

The main reasons for which a residual urine may be excreted are:

Which allows you to identify and identify pathogenic (pathogenic) microorganisms.

Why is dripping from the penis?

There are several of the most common causes of the appearance of various secretions from the penis in a man, these include:

1. I. Gonorrhea is an infectious pathology with sexual transmission. Which is the causative agent. The development of the infectious process is accompanied by the appearance of a significant amount of purulent discharge from the urethra.

1. II. Mycoplasmosis, ureaplasmosis, chlamydia - these bacterial sexually transmitted diseases have similar clinical symptoms. It is characterized by the appearance of non-volume mucous secretions.
2. III. , which is caused by yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida. They are representatives of the conditionally pathogenic microflora of the skin and mucous membranes. Therefore, the activation of the infectious process and the disease occurs with a decrease in immunity, metabolic disorders, and prolonged antibiotic therapy. And also when a significant amount of fungal cells is received from the outside when having unprotected sex (subject to the presence of thrush in a sexual partner).

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• The secretions are small in volume, unpleasant odor, mucous in nature and are accompanied by an unexpressed burning sensation. This symptom indicates the likely development of chlamydia, ureaplasmosis or mycoplasmosis.
• If a white, thick, cheesy liquid drips from the penis. And on the mucous membrane of the head, the same raids appeared, the formation of which is accompanied by redness and itching, this is evidence of thrush.

Laboratory confirmation is carried out using several additional research methods.

They include microscopy, ELISA, PCR, bacteriological examination.

What to do if dripping from a member?

Discharge from the penis is always a sign of a pathological process.

Therefore, for effective treatment, it is important to be examined by a specialist (venereologist).

Gonorrhea- an infectious disease caused by gonococcus. Infection with gonorrhea in men in the vast majority of cases occurs sexually.

Gonococci belong to the group of diplococci, they reproduce by repeated division. Gonococci are located mainly in the protoplasm of leukocytes - polynuclear cells, but sometimes they can be observed outside the cells. They do not penetrate into epithelial cells, but are usually located on their surface or in intercellular spaces.

Gonococci stain with methylene blue and Gram. Gram stain is required. With this color, the gonococci turn pink.

Under the influence of treatment gocococci may lose their typical morphological and tinctorial properties. From gram-negative they can become gram-positive; they can increase or decrease in size, take the form of paired or single large balls, etc. However, when they enter new soil (when transferred to another person), they again acquire typical morphological and tinctorial properties. With a thorough laboratory study among gonococci that have lost their typical features, you can find individual typical cells, which allows you to correctly diagnose.

Gonococci reproduce best on ascites agar, blood agar, at a temperature of 36-37 °, they grow best in aerobic conditions.

Outside the body, gonococci are unstable, they are very sensitive to desiccation. In a humid environment (sponges, towels), gonococci persist for a longer time (up to 24 hours) and can serve as a source of infection.

Gonococci are sensitive to temperature conditions: at 41-50 ° they die after 5-6 hours, at 39 - after 12 hours. However, in the human body, gonococci in acute febrile diseases, such as typhus, pneumonia with a temperature of 40.5-41 °, do not die, but only temporarily weaken their viability, which is accompanied by the cessation of purulent discharge.

With the decay of gonococci, endotoxin is released - a potent poison that mainly affects the nervous system.

Gonococci mainly affect the genitourinary tract with adnexal organs. The spread of gonorrhea infection occurs along the length or lymphogenous route, much less often hematogenous. In the blood, gonococci die very quickly. Only in rare cases, spreading through the blood, they can cause distant metastases and phenomena of a general infection of the body.

In addition to the urethra, gonococci can also affect the mucous membranes of the eyes, mouth, and rectum.

Acute urethritis in gonorrhea. The incubation period for acute gonorrheal urethritis is on average 3-5 days with a possible shortening or, conversely, lengthening up to 2-3 weeks.

Clinic. The earliest manifestations of the disease are expressed in peculiar sensations of heat, itching and tickling of the glans penis and anterior urethra, especially when urinating. Soon there is a slight swelling, redness and adhesion of the lips of the external opening of the urethra. Allocations from the canal are scarce at first, serous-purulent; with the further development of the disease, all symptoms rapidly increase. After 1-2 days, the sponges of the external opening of the urethra become sharply hyperemic, edematous, the discharge becomes abundant, purulent, yellowish-greenish in color. There is a cutting pain when urinating, sometimes painful erections at night. In the discharge, gonococci and a significant number of leukocytes are found.

Often there are deviations from the described clinical picture as in the direction of increased inflammatory. phenomena (urethritis gonorrhoica peracuta), and weakening (urethritis gonorrhoica subacuta). In the latter case, subjective sensations are mild, discharge from the urethra is scanty, mucous or mucopurulent, pain during urination is mild and may even be absent. This course of gonorrhea is less favorable, can give complications and often takes a sluggish, protracted course.

Posterior urethritis. With modern early antibiotic therapy, the disease is limited to inflammation of the mucous membrane of the anterior part of the urethra. However, in some cases, under the influence of various reasons, the process can also spread to the back of the urethra. This can be facilitated by: irrational therapy of anterior urethritis by the patients themselves, cycling, increased walking, drinking alcohol, sexual arousal. Apparently, an important role is played by the general weakening of the body and the virulence of gonococci. Often, the defeat of the posterior urethra develops gradually, imperceptibly to the patient and is recognized only by the attending physician when examining urine (cloudy urine in two portions). With the transition of the inflammatory process to the posterior urethra, frequent painful urge to urinate often appears. Urine becomes cloudy in both portions.

Urethrocystitis. With acute posterior urethritis, the adjacent part of the bladder mucosa is often involved in the process. The appearance of frequent, painful, accompanied by tenesmus of urination indicates involvement in the process of the mucous membrane of the bladder neck; at the same time, at the end of urination, a few drops of blood are often observed.

The occurrence of posterior urethritis is an unfavorable moment in the course of gonorrhea, often this contributes to the penetration of infection into the prostate gland, seminal vesicles or epididymis.

pathohistology. In the acute period of gonorrhea, there is an expansion of blood and lymphatic vessels in the mucous and submucosal membranes of the urethra, accompanied by abundant purulent discharge and the development of inflammatory infiltration. Purulent inflammation in gonorrhea leads to significant degeneration of the epithelial cover of the urethra, the development of its metaplasia. Ultimately, the columnar epithelium is replaced by stratified squamous. An inflammatory infiltrate is also observed around the Littrey glands.

The diagnosis of acute gonorrheal urethritis is based on the clinical picture and laboratory examination of a smear of purulent discharge from the urethra.

Methodology. The discharge of the urethra is applied to two glass slides, spread in a thin layer, dried in air, fixed over the flame of an alcohol lamp and stained by Gram. The absence of gonococci and the presence of a large number of leukocytes in the discharge (sterile pus) may indicate a latent gonococcal infection or Trichomonas urethritis. In such cases, it is necessary to repeat the study.

After taking smears, a two-glass urine test is performed. The patient releases about 100-150 ml of urine into the first glass, and the rest of the urine into the second. If the patient has not urinated for 3-4 hours, then in the presence of anterior urethritis, the first portion of the urine is diffusely cloudy due to the admixture of pus, the second is clean and transparent. With posterior urethritis, that is, with damage to the mucous membrane of the entire urethra, both portions of the urine are cloudy.

In subacute urethritis, a two-cup test is unreliable. Scanty purulent discharge is washed out with the first portion of urine and the second portion may be transparent.

It should be borne in mind that urine can be cloudy in both portions with impaired salt metabolism due to the content of salts in it (phosphaturia, oxaluria, uraturia), as well as in the presence of a large number of bacteria in the urine (bacteriuria) or from the admixture of semen or prostate juice (with spermatorrhea and clergyman). The presence of uric acid salts can be quickly detected by heating cloudy urine, it becomes transparent. Phosphate salts are detected by adding a few drops of acetic acid to the urine, after which the urine becomes clear. Turbidity from salts of oxalic acid disappears when hydrochloric acid is added to the urine.

Minor sticky discharge from the urethra may be due to semen or prostate secretions; the latter are usually observed during defecation.

Non-gonorrheal urethritis of venereal origin may occur after sexual intercourse with a woman during menstruation. In scanty or moderate mucopurulent discharge from the urethra in such cases, microscopically, various bacteria can be detected: staphylococci, streptococci, diphtheroids, etc.

Non-gonorrheal urethritis of non-venereal origin can occur on the basis of metabolic disorders (diabetes, oxaluria, uraturia, phosphaturia, etc.), as well as due to the presence of papillomas and polyps in the urethra, various kinds of irritations of exogenous origin.

Diagnosis non-gonococcal urethritis should be diagnosed only when no gonococci are found during repeated bacterioscopic examination after provocation.

Trichomonas urethritis. On the 3-10th day after sexual intercourse, and sometimes later, whitish-yellow discharge of a mucous or mucopurulent nature appears from the urethra without pronounced inflammation on the external genital organs. Sometimes patients complain of itching, slight pain and pain in the urethra during urination.

Trichomonas urethritis in men account for up to 40% of all cases of non-gonococcal urethritis.

Treatment for acute gonorrheal urethritis. In the vast majority of cases, with acute gonorrheal urethritis, cure is achieved quickly with antibiotics alone.

Penicillin is used at a dose of 800,000-1,000,000 units. In sluggish cases of urethritis, the dose should be increased to 1,500,000-3,500,000 IU. Penicillin is administered at 200,000 IU with an interval of 3-4 hours or 300 IU with an interval of 6 hours in a 0.5% solution of novocaine.

In acute gonorrheal urethritis, you can use the simultaneous administration of the entire course dose (800,000 IU) of penicillin, preferably with 5 ml of autologous blood.

The one-stage method of introducing penicillin should be used in cases where the patient is deprived of the opportunity to return to the doctor on the same day.

Ecmonovocillin is a suspension of novocaine salt of penicillin in an aqueous solution of ecmolin. In acute gonorrheal urethritis, 2 injections of 600,000 IU are prescribed with an interval of 10-12 hours or at the same time - 1,200,000 IU.

Bicillin-1 and bicillin-3 in acute gonorrheal urethritis are administered as 2 injections of 600,000 IU with an interval of 24 hours or simultaneously 1,200,000 IU; patients with other forms of gonorrhea - 2-4 injections of 600,000 IU with an interval of 24 hours. Injections of bicillin and ecmonovocillin are performed two at a time, first a needle is inserted into the externally upper quadrant of the buttock, and then, in the absence of blood from the needle, a dose of antibiotic is injected through it.

Phenoxymethylpenicillin is used in the amount of 2,000,000 IU for acute gonorrheal urethritis, 4,000,000-6,000,000 IU for patients with other forms of gonorrhea. Phenoxymethylpenicillin is administered orally at 200,000 IU 5 times a day, mainly 30 minutes before meals at regular intervals so that the night break does not exceed 7 hours.

Streptomycin. In acute gonorrheal urethritis, a course dose is recommended. In acute complicated, as well as torpid and chronic cases of gonorrhea, a course dose of 12-4 g is prescribed, depending on the nature and severity of the inflammatory process. A single dose of 0.5 g is administered at intervals of 10-12 hours.

Sulfonamide preparations (norsulfazol, sulfbdimezin). Prescribed for intolerance to antibiotics; they can also be used in combination with penicillin in patients with complicated chronic gonorrhea in the presence of mixed infection. Norsulfazol, sulfodimesin appoint 1 g 5 times a day for 4 days.

Currently, there are hundreds of drugs that are successfully used in the treatment of gonorrhea, but we strongly recommend that you do not self-medicate. Only a clear diagnosis and the use of an individual treatment regimen can protect you from a recurrence of gonorrhea .

Criterion of cure. At the end of treatment, a follow-up examination is carried out after 7-10 days. With negative results of clinical and laboratory examination, it is necessary to resort to provocation. The most effective is the combined method, which simultaneously includes mechanical, chemical, biological and alimentary provocation.

After urination, a man with gonorrhea is injected into the urethra for 5-10 minutes with a metal bougie No. 23-25 ​​according to Charrière, depending on the width of the external opening of the urethra.

After removal of the bougie, instillation into the urethra of 8-10 ml of 0.5-1% lapis solution follows. The patient keeps the solution in the urethra for 3 minutes. At the same time, the patient is injected intramuscularly into the buttock with a vaccine-500,000,000 or 1,000,000,000 microbial bodies (biological provocation). On the same day, he is recommended to drink 2-3 mugs of beer (alimentary provocation).

After provocation of gonorrhea within 3 days conduct a thorough laboratory study of discharge from the urethra or threads from the first portion of urine. If the results are negative, a second examination is prescribed in a month in the specified order.

Only the absence of clinical manifestations, favorable results of laboratory tests (including studies of the secretion of the gonads) give reason to consider the patient cured.

Almost every man who leads an active sex life has every chance of contracting some kind of sexually transmitted disease. The chances are especially high if a person ignores contraceptives or changes partners too often. There are many different types of sexually transmitted diseases.

Many of them are quite common, some are considered exotic. They have different symptoms. Some practically do not appear, while others immediately make themselves felt in a not very pleasant way. One of the characteristic symptoms of many sexually transmitted diseases is discharge from the penis. The situation is complicated by the fact that these discharges can be symptoms of a wide variety of ailments. And therefore, in order to find out what disease caused these discharges from the penis, you need to undergo a laboratory examination.

What to do if there are discharges?

As soon as you notice any symptoms or see that something has begun to happen to your sexual organ that has never happened before, immediately contact the appropriate doctor. He will take your discharge from the penis for analysis, based on the results of which he will prescribe a qualified treatment.

In the case of sexually transmitted diseases, delaying treatment means doing irreparable harm to your health. Venereal diseases can become chronic, and then the discharge from the penis will not be the main problem. Often, men are unaware that they are carriers of any disease. Many venereal diseases proceed sluggishly, practically without manifesting themselves. And such ailments show themselves only when the immune system of a man weakens. It is then that a person begins to notice discharge from the penis and other symptoms.

In most cases, sexually transmitted diseases in men behave quite predictably. Some incubation period passes (usually it is 2-3 weeks), and the man begins to notice the following symptoms:

1. Discharge from the penis.
2. The appearance of burning or even acute pain during urination and ejaculation.
3. Constant itching around the scrotum.
4. Pain during sex.

All these symptoms, as well as each of them individually, indicate the presence of a progressive inflammatory process in the body. Due to the fact that this is inflammation, discharge from the penis, pain and itching are complemented by increased body temperature, drowsiness, general weakness, etc. Some venereal diseases can manifest themselves externally. Most often, redness, erosion, white purulent acne, peeling, etc. appear on the head of the penis.

Discharge from the penis can be completely different: watery, thick, clear, mucus-like. Most often they are transparent. But there are also white discharges, as well as discharges with a hint of green and yellow. Often, the discharge from the penis is supplemented by blood clots. The head of the penis is also affected in most cases. Her skin dries up, peeling and cracks may appear. If the discharge from the penis has an unpleasant odor, this indicates the presence of suppuration.

Whatever the discharge, you need to contact the appropriate specialist as soon as possible and begin treatment.

As a rule, the following diseases become the cause of discharge from the penis:

1. Chlamydia.
2. Gonorrhea.
3. Ureaplasmosis.
4. Trichomoniasis.

They must be treated, because. advanced sexually transmitted diseases increase the risk of much more serious problems:

1. epididymitis.
2. Prostatitis.
3. Balanoposthitis.
4. Urethritis.

It is important not only to get rid of secretions from the penis, but also to completely defeat the disease that provoked their appearance. To do this, you need to determine the cause.

Reasons for the appearance of discharge

As already mentioned, the main cause of discharge from the penis are sexually transmitted diseases. This symptom is characteristic of a number of diseases. The most common of these are the following.

Ureaplasmosis. The causative agent of the disease is ureaplasma bacteria. They spread to the mucous membranes of the genital organs. As a rule, infection occurs through sexual contact. It can also be passed on by a sick mother to her child during childbirth. It is almost impossible to get infected at home. One of the symptoms is the presence of discharge on the penis.

Trichomoniasis. It is transmitted from a woman's vagina during sexual contact. The causative agent of the disease is Trichomonas vaginalis. It is almost impossible to get infected through oral and anal contact. Trichomoniasis is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases, and the presence of discharge on the penis is one of its symptoms. You can also get infected by household means, for example, using a wet towel, which was previously used by an infected woman. Trichomonas is able to live for several hours in a humid environment outside the vagina.

Chlamydia. Another common disease, which is also characterized by the appearance of discharge on the penis. The causative agent of this disease is chlamydia. The chance of getting infected is very high - about 50% with a single unprotected sexual contact. Therefore, the disease is very common, including in developed countries.

Mycoplasmosis. It is also a fairly common disease, characterized, among other symptoms, by the presence of discharge on the penis. On the mucous membranes of the urinary canals and genitals, there can be 6 different types of pathogens of this disease. Remarkably, mycoplasmas are often found in perfectly healthy people. Thus, these microorganisms belong to the category of opportunistic pathogens. The disease is transmitted during childbirth and sex. This disease is characterized by the presence of small secretions on the penis in the morning.

Gonorrhea. Representative of the conditional list of classic venereal diseases. Gonococcus can be caught during oral, traditional vaginal and anal sex. Possible infection during childbirth. There is a 50% chance of contracting gonorrhea from one unprotected sexual encounter. The disease is accompanied by the presence of very strong purulent discharge. They are yellowish white in color.

How is the diagnosis carried out?

The factors that provoked the appearance of discharge on the penis can only be reliably established in the course of a laboratory study. It is necessary to know that none of the currently existing laboratory methods gives a 100% reliable result. So if the study of secretions on the penis confirmed the presence of a specific disease, then before proceeding with treatment, it is better to check again.

Going into the depths of the diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases does not make sense. It is only necessary to say that several different methods are currently used for this, such as:

1. Bacterial seeding.
2. detection of antigens.
3. Detection of antibodies to the pathogen.
4. General smear, etc.

A smear is taken to assess the nature of the disease. Bacteriological factors are investigated using BAC culture and various tests.

In most cases, medical diagnosis does not cause any difficulties at all.

How are discharges treated?

If you notice the appearance of any uncharacteristic and alarming symptoms, immediately consult a venereologist. He will carry out the necessary diagnostic measures and prescribe a treatment program. However, regardless of the prescribed course, the patient must follow the following instructions:

1. Take only prescribed medications. In most cases, getting rid of secretions on the penis is obtained with the help of antibiotics.
2. Do not practice self-medication. The results of uncontrolled treatment can be completely unpredictable. No need to try to hide the symptoms of the disease or take the first antibiotics that come across, because. this can lead to complications.
3. Follow personal hygiene. If there is discharge on the penis, you should regularly wash it with warm water and soap.
4. Do not infect other people. If you have symptoms of a sexually transmitted disease, you should avoid sexual intercourse without condoms.

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It must be remembered that discharge from a penis is by no means an accident and not a temporary phenomenon. If you notice the appearance of any unusual symptoms, immediately consult a doctor and immediately begin treatment, adhering to the prescriptions established by the specialist. Don't forget about your partner too. Be sure to tell him about your illness and recommend to see a doctor. Be healthy!

Polycystic kidney disease is an autosomal dominant renal pathology, which is characterized by the formation of cysts in the thickness of the kidney tissue. These cysts fill with fluid, increasing in size, if the disease is not treated, the pathological condition may eventually resolve into acute renal failure with the likelihood of death of the patient. In the affected kidney, polycystic disease looks like a bunch of grapes. Next, we will consider what polycystic kidney disease is - symptoms and treatment, causes of development and possible consequences.

Among pathologies of the kidneys, polycystic kidney disease is not the most common disorder, being fixed in about one in 500-1000 people. The disease, as mentioned earlier, is autosomal dominant. This means genetic conditioning, that is, a predisposition to it is transmitted from parents to children. "Dominance" in this case suggests that it is enough to have the disease in only one of the parents, who will pass on the tendency to it to all their offspring.

Polycystic diseases are caused by a genetic disorder - a mutation of some chromosomes.

There are two variants of mutations that have been identified to date, leading to polycystic disease:

1. Changes in the short arm of the 16th chromosome.
2. Mutation of the 4th chromosome.

The area of ​​the genetic code affected by the mutation directly affects the nature of the development of the disease: in the first case (chromosome 16 is changed), renal failure in adults develops rapidly and at a relatively early age, in the second, polycystic disease can proceed quite easily, and the terminal state occurs in patients after 70 years old.

Since the disease is provoked by changes in DNA, it often begins even before the birth of the child: the start of the process of cyst formation occurs in the mother's womb, continuing throughout life after birth.

Perhaps the sudden appearance of polycystic disease in an adult, but the causes and mechanism of its appearance and development by medicine have not been fully established.

For a long time, polycystic kidney disease is asymptomatic, without causing discomfort to the carrier. Often, cysts are discovered by chance, during a routine ultrasound examination or as part of other diagnostic procedures, while the person does not complain to the doctor about any discomfort from the kidneys. Usually, the first signs of the disease, causing concern, followed by a visit to the doctor, are found in adults in the interval from 40 to 50 years, sometimes later.

Polycystic symptoms:

• feeling of pain. As with other disorders of the kidneys, the pain here is localized on both sides of the lower back, it is also present in the abdominal region, having a pulling-aching character. Such sensations are due to an increase in the size of the kidney, stretching of its tissues and pressure of the grown organ on neighboring ones. If the lesion is unilateral (for example, the left kidney), the pain is shifted to the corresponding side, it is felt mostly from the left side;
• blood in the urine (hematuria). This sign does not always appear, and may have a “floating” character, appearing and disappearing from time to time. If the patient has recorded hematuria, an immediate visit to a specialist in genitourinary diseases (nephrologist or urologist) should be made. Blood in the urine appears for various reasons, the establishment of which determines the choice of the correct treatment;
• general malaise: loss of appetite, weakness, lethargy, high fatigue;
• significant volumes of urine excreted per day (sometimes more than three liters), the liquid looks light and, as it were, “diluted”;
• itching of the skin;
• rise in blood pressure. Hypertension is a symptom that accompanies many pathologies in the kidneys, and polycystic is no exception. At the same time, despite the increase in pressure, the patient may not notice it, hypertension is sometimes detected by chance, in the process of measuring pressure for other purposes;
• weight loss against the background of poor appetite and increased urination;
• intestinal disorders (constipation or, conversely, diarrhea), nausea.

Polycystic causes some, often quite severe, complications that require medical intervention:

• renal pyelonephritis, in which the cysts become inflamed. This is an infectious disease in which, due to the closeness of the intracystic space, inflammation can turn into a purulent form. If your lower back pain gets worse and your body temperature is consistently high, you should see your doctor as soon as possible. Patients with pyelonephritis undergo a course of antibiotic therapy, and if the case is severe, kidney removal is indicated;
• cardiac arrhythmias. The heart may slow down, show signs of extrasystole. This disorder occurs as a result of an electrolyte imbalance in the blood due to kidney dysfunction, in particular, a violation of potassium metabolism;
• cyst rupture. This is a dangerous condition, the symptoms of which are bleeding and severe pain. A patient with such a gap is shown bed rest and a course of therapy chosen by a nephrologist or urologist.

If the patient has found one or more of the above symptoms, or knows about his genetic predisposition, he should consult a doctor.

He prescribes a number of general and specialized diagnostic procedures:

1. Clinical analysis of a sample taken from a patient's blood. Its result allows you to tell if there is anemia that often accompanies kidney problems, and to determine the presence of inflammatory processes.
2. Biochemical analysis. The blood taken from the patient is examined for the level of urea, protein, potassium and some other elements.
3. Urine analysis. The presence / absence of blood, the presence of markers of inflammation is established.
4. Bacterial culture of urine.
5. Ultrasound examination of the kidneys. This is a standard procedure in the diagnosis of polycystic kidney disease, ultrasound of the kidneys makes it possible to see pathological changes in the kidneys and assess the size of the organs.
6. Ultrasound of the pelvic organs and liver. It is done because a certain part of patients against the background of polycystic disease also has damage to ovarian cysts or liver tissue.

In addition, an electrocardiogram is done. The work of the heart muscle is evaluated, a possible arrhythmia is determined.

How to treat polycystic kidney disease? Persons with a genetic predisposition should pay special attention to the kidneys from childhood. Those who do not yet have signs of the disease should regularly undergo an ultrasound of the kidneys, try to avoid diseases that can affect the urinary system, such as colds.

If the patient goes to the doctor with complaints, and the test results contain changes characteristic of polycystic disease, you should begin constant monitoring of the condition with a specialist nephrologist. To maintain an acceptable quality of life and normal kidney function for as long as possible, it is necessary to constantly monitor the situation and take tests in order to promptly respond to changes in the condition and prescribe appropriate therapy.

The doctor should explain to the patient the correct way of life to lead with this disease in order to save and protect the kidneys:

• special diet: if a blood test shows hyperkalemia, you should limit the intake of products containing it. The daily intake of salt and meat products is reduced.
• drinking, on the contrary, should be increased to two or three liters per day (provided that the patient does not have swelling;
• the patient must constantly monitor his pressure, it should not exceed 130 to 80;
• be careful about physical activity and sports, avoid lifting weights and running;
• the patient must monitor the general state of his health, prevent the penetration of infections, the formation of chronic foci, which include, for example, teeth affected by caries, sinusitis, inflammation of the tonsils);
• hypothermia should not be allowed.

Treatment of polycystic kidney disease is mainly aimed at combating complications and prevention:

This condition is characterized by a complete cessation of the filtering function of the kidneys, when the affected organs can no longer purify the blood. To save the life of a patient with renal insufficiency, renal hardware replacement therapy is necessary - a hemodialysis procedure.

The moment of onset of the need for dialysis is calculated from the glomerular filtration rate. By itself, hemodialysis is a hardware procedure that can be carried out in a hospital and outpatient, patients with insufficiency need it about three times a week. The patient's circulatory system is connected to a hemodialysis machine, which acts as an "external kidney", passing through itself the blood that is normally filtered by the kidneys, and purifying it. The whole procedure lasts about five hours, for the convenience of the patient, a special fistula is preliminarily created on his arm, for minimally uncomfortable cleaning.

In dialysis, constancy is important: skipping even two procedures can lead to the death of a patient with insufficiency. With complete inhibition of kidney function, hardware blood cleaning becomes part of the patient's life and is carried out three times a week on an ongoing basis. At this stage, the search for a donor organ for transplantation usually begins, since there are no other ways to cure a patient in a state of terminal renal disorder today.

Many patients are worried about how long they live with such a pathology. Despite the severity of the disease, the prognosis with this kidney injury is generally quite favorable, with adherence to medical recommendations and regular blood dialysis. Even with terminal insufficiency, people can live long enough, the number of years lived for patients on dialysis is comparable to the average. If the disease was diagnosed at the initial stages, then the correct treatment, positive prognosis, adherence to dietary recommendations and general rules for maintaining health can almost completely return the patient to normal life. Such a patient will live for many more years.

Modern medicine is in constant search for new drugs and therapeutic methods. The main way to return the patient to a normal quality of existence today is transplantation of a donor kidney. In this case, however, constant immunosuppressive therapy is required, since the transplanted organ is perceived by the immune system as a foreign tissue, causing a rejection reaction. To prevent it, permanent immunosuppressive therapy is carried out.

There is no way to prevent PCOS, as such. Doctors are developing a number of drugs designed to suppress the growth of cysts in the kidney in the early stages, but these studies have not yet left the experimental stage. Nevertheless, tests on laboratory mice have been successful, which gives hope for the imminent emergence of an effective remedy for polycystic disease.

Earlier it was said about folk methods. They cannot replace drug therapy, but they are quite capable of being useful as a supportive and complementary effect, if the attending doctor allows such treatment to be resorted to.

Some of the recipes:

• burdock leaves. They are crushed and used as an additive to tea, three times a day;
• garlic. One kilogram of cloves is crushed and poured with a liter of boiling water. Garlic is infused in water for about a month, the resulting liquid is taken in a tablespoon before meals, three times a day;
• walnuts. You need to take the kernels of a few unripe nuts, chop them, mix with echinacea and honey and insist the resulting mixture for 30 days. The result is taken in a teaspoon per day.

When using alternative recipes, it should be remembered that for polycystic kidney disease, their treatment is only an addition to the main one, and should be used only with the permission of the attending physician.

Doctors consider nephrolithiasis the most common among urological diseases. It is treated in 50% of cases in an operable way. Kidney stone disease in medicine is called nephrolithiasis. It occurs due to the formation of salt crystals in the renal calyces and pelvis. For those who have no idea about the anatomical structure of the human body, it is very difficult to understand what a disease is. But those who have experienced kidney stones and their crushing are well aware that this is an excruciating and very painful disease. It should be noted that the harbinger of stones is sand. 7 out of 10 people do not suspect its existence inside the body. It is so common.

Causes of kidney disease

The kidneys are the perfect filter that nature has created. During life, they remove all unnecessary and toxic substances from the body. When their basic functions are violated, kidney stone disease occurs. The reasons for its occurrence are still not fully understood, but still some of them are already known to medicine:

• heredity;
• change in the chemical composition of urine due to metabolic disorders;
• malnutrition and disturbed diet;
• atrophy of some parts of the body caused by injuries;
• lack or insufficient intake of vitamin A;
• bacterial and viral infections;
• the use of diuretics;
• excessive alcohol consumption;
• unfiltered water;
• malignant and benign tumors;
• hyperparathyroidism;
• gout.

Urine has a different chemical composition. Even in healthy people, it can change, which leads to increased acidity and the formation of salt crystals (kidney stones), some of which resemble corals.

Symptoms and signs of kidney stones

One of the first and main signs, symptoms of nephrolithiasis is piercing pain in the lumbar region and on the sides of the abdomen. The pains are so severe that the person becomes gutta-percha, trying to take a pose to alleviate the pain a little, but nothing helps. Often, pain can spread to the thighs, often they occur in the groin or are observed in the genital area. In addition, symptoms such as:

• frequent urination;
• vomit;
• bloating;
• temperature rise;
• weakness;
• sleep disturbance.

For those who do not understand the pain a person with kidney stones experiences, it is enough to say that in some cases people feel better only after taking medications containing narcotic substances.

One or more stones are to blame for everything, which begin to move from the kidneys and stop in one of the sections of the ureter. In most cases, intense pain is characteristic of small stones - small stones. Provocateurs for the release of stones can be ordinary shaking while driving and physical overstrain. The culprit of unsharp and dull pain in the lumbar region is often large coral-like stones that get in the way of urine flow. The stone can be of two types:

• phosphate;
• oxalate.

Blood in the urine is a symptom of a disease that should be treated. When a person notices bloody discharge in the urine, this means that he is getting out oxalates, which are irregular in shape and with sharp edges damage the mucous membrane of the ureter. Phosphates are uncharacteristic of such injuries because they have a smoother shape.

Treatment and prevention of kidney stones

Kidney stone disease is recognized by X-ray diagnostics. Ultrasound is used to detect soft stones. For treatment, urologists use several methods:

• lithotripsy - a technique in which stones are crushed;
• litholysis (dissolve salt crystals).

It cannot be said that lithotripsy treatment is a pleasant procedure, but not everyone can endure it. Its essence lies in the fact that the patient is placed in an aquatic environment, where special equipment creates certain waves that affect areas in the area of ​​stones. This method of treatment is prescribed in the event that nephrolithiasis manifests itself with enviable constancy, pain is not stopped by painkillers and there is a disease such as pyelonephritis. The litholysis technique consists in dissolving kidney stones with citrate-containing mixtures.

At home, if there is a sharp pain, the treatment consists in eliminating pain with a heating pad, which is placed in the kidney area. But it is impossible to carry out treatment on your own, in any case, you will need medical help. Doctors use the following methods to treat the disease:

• conservative drug;
• instrumental;
• operational.

Conservative drug treatment includes the use of pain blocking drugs, mechanotherapy, siphon enema. In combination with long walks, water procedures, the use of a large amount of liquid, sand and stones are quickly excreted from the body. The instrumental method of treatment includes endovesical therapy, catheterization technique. Surgical treatment is carried out by introducing various chemical and drug preparations that are aimed at destroying stones. In some cases, doctors perform surgery.

The main method of preventing kidney stones is to prevent metabolic disorders in the body, especially if a person is at risk, for example, has direct relatives who suffered from kidney stones. In order to prevent the formation of sand or salt crystals, which can change the chemical composition of urine, it is necessary:

• diversify and balance nutrition;
• do not abuse foods that are saturated with oxalic acid, as it concentrates urine and retains salt in the body, which is why the disease occurs;
• do not take large amounts of diuretics;
• take a sufficient amount of liquid daily (3 liters or more), but do not get carried away with mineral waters;
• limit the use of spicy, salty, smoked foods;
• perform daily gymnastics, preferably in the morning and evening;
• with a sedentary lifestyle, walk more often;
• diet for kidney stones is required.

Particular attention should be paid to the diet for kidney stones. Dairy and sour-milk products, cereals, fish oil, olive oil, dark bread, parsley and dill, vegetables and fruits, freshly squeezed vegetable and fruit juices, poultry and beef can be taken without restrictions. In some cases, you can deviate from the strict rules of the diet, but take a decoction of herbs, rose hips, to prevent urine from concentrating. Be sure to drink plenty of water.

It is worth limiting the intake of fatty meat, seafood, black tea, brewed coffee, fatty sour cream.

As you know, traditional medicine has recipes for many diseases, including kidney stones. Recipes can be used both for an existing disease and for its prevention.

Crushed yarrow (50 g) and 150 ml of vodka are infused for 15 days, once a day the mixture must be stirred, filtered, taken 1 tbsp. l. 30 minutes before meals.

Boil the peel of potatoes, previously washed, for 15-20 minutes, drink a decoction of 150 ml 2 times before meals for 35 minutes.

Chop the roots and leaves of parsley (150 g), pour 300 ml of hot boiled water, insist for 5-7 hours and take before meals 40 minutes 2 times a day.

Grind the black radish, put it in a plastic bowl under oppression for 7-8 hours, then squeeze the juice, take it 3 times a day for no more than 30 days, after 5-7 weeks you can repeat the reception.

To speed up the process of dissolving stones, you need to drink a lemon mixture (the juice of one lemon per 3 liters of water), as well as freshly squeezed juices of beets, carrots, and cucumbers throughout the day.

Ground rose hips (150 g) pour 3 liters of boiled water and leave to infuse for 24 hours, then boil for 30 minutes, strain and drink 0.5 cups on an empty stomach.

1 st. l. honey, 1 tbsp. l. vodka, 1 tbsp. l. radish and 1 tbsp. l. mix beetroot juice and leave in a dark place for 3 days, take 1 tsp. 40 minutes before meals.

A very good remedy is freshly squeezed carrot juice, take 100 ml 40 minutes before meals.

100 ml of vodka, 100 ml of olive oil, 50 ml of lemon juice, mix the mixture and take 3 tsp 2 times a day. 2-3 weeks, take a break of 2 weeks and repeat the reception.

Chopped celery seeds (2 tbsp) and 2 tbsp. l. mix honey, take 2 times a day.

Prepare a mixture of chopped herbs: horsetail (50 g), yarrow (50 g), blueberry leaves (50 g), bean leaves (30 g). Pour 200 ml of water and boil for 20 minutes. After the broth has cooled, strain and take 150 ml per day.

Modern approach to the prevention of pyelonephritis

Any disease is easier to prevent than to cure. It is important to remember about preventive measures that are aimed at preventing the onset of the disease or its transition to a chronic form. Pyelonephritis in most patients occurs when a highly virulent flora enters the kidneys in an ascending way, that is, from the bladder or ureters. Therefore, the prevention of pyelonephritis mainly consists in the sanitation of foci of infection (acute or chronic). However, pathology can be primary. In this case, it is advisable to think about changing your lifestyle.

Causes

If we talk about prevention, it is necessary to determine the cause and etiology of pyelonephritis. The presence of a risk factor in a patient or several of them means only an increased likelihood of an inflammatory process in the kidneys.

The risk group consists of people:

• With congenital anomalies and malformations of the genitourinary system.
• Infections of the external genitalia. In women, they are more often complicated by pyelonephritis, which is explained by anatomical features.
• Frequent viral or bacterial respiratory diseases or the presence of chronic foci of infection. Therefore, it is so important to visit the dentist regularly and undergo preventive examinations. In women, pyelonephritis can be caused by vaginitis or thrush.
• Leading a sedentary lifestyle, having bad habits (smoking, alcohol abuse). This leads to a weakening of the general immunity.

The causative agent of pyelonephritis is most often Escherichia coli. It enters the kidney tissue in an ascending way if the rules of personal hygiene are not followed. This is especially true for women.

It is difficult to influence the occurrence of pyelonephritis if its cause is a violation of the development of any part of the genitourinary system. At the same time, the outflow of urine is difficult, which greatly facilitates the fixation of pathogenic microorganisms on the surface of healthy tissues. Violation of urination is possible with diverticulum, doubling of the urethra, ectopia of the ureter.

A healthy lifestyle is the basis for the prevention of not only acute or chronic pyelonephritis, but also many other diseases. To prevent the occurrence of kidney pathology, it is recommended to drink a sufficient amount of fluid. On average, this figure is up to two liters per day. However, it must be remembered that with an active lifestyle and significant physical exertion, the body consumes more fluid. Preference is given to plain or alkaline mineral waters, fruit drinks and compotes.

It is necessary to remember the rules of personal hygiene. Daily toilet of the genital organs, underwear made of natural fabrics prevent infection from entering the urethra. You should take a shower before and after each sexual intercourse. For women and girls, this is especially important, since if they do not follow the rules of intimate hygiene, the likelihood of postcoital cystitis increases.

An active lifestyle, regular exercise helps to increase immunity and is a good way to prevent the occurrence of pyelonephritis. Scientists believe that exercise stimulates blood flow to internal organs, including the kidneys. This significantly improves the excretion of metabolic products and accelerates cell regeneration.

Prevention of acute pyelonephritis

In order to prevent the occurrence of an acute inflammatory process, certain rules must be observed. First of all, people who are at risk need to undergo a preventive medical examination. To study kidney function, it is recommended to take a general blood and urine test once every 6 months. Even with small deviations from the norm, the doctor should refer the patient for additional examination.

The main methods of prevention can also include the sanitation of chronic foci of infection, especially streptococcal. Inflammatory processes in the oral cavity, tonsillitis are of great danger. Women should regularly visit a gynecologist to exclude infectious diseases with asymptomatic course.

Modern detection and treatment of cystitis or urethritis also plays a paramount role in the prevention of acute pyelonephritis. This helps prevent infection in the kidney parenchyma by ascending.

Prevention of chronic pyelonephritis

In case of acute pyelonephritis, it is very important to carry out all therapeutic measures and not allow the process to become chronic. This is based on long-term antibiotic therapy followed by dispensary observation of patients.

It is important to complete the course of treatment completely and to the end. Very often, earlier discontinuation of antibacterial drugs is the reason for the transition of the acute form of the disease to the chronic one. After the completion of the course of taking antibiotics and the normalization of the condition and the disappearance of symptoms, the resistance of the pathogenic flora to this group of drugs develops. This means that the bacteria did not die, but weakened. And with a recurrence of the disease, it will be much more difficult to recover.

Patients who have had acute pyelonephritis are on dispensary records for 1 year. During this time, it is necessary to visit a local therapist or family doctor monthly and take urine for a general analysis. The doctor should assess the degree of leukocyturia and bacteriuria. Important mode of work and rest, diet and increased water consumption. If the patient's work is associated with physical or emotional overstrain, then it is better to switch to easier working conditions.

Pyelonephritis in pregnant women

During pregnancy, a woman's body undergoes many changes. They are due to the growth of the fetus and a significant increase in the uterus. The cause of kidney pathologies, and in particular pyelonephritis, is due to mechanical compression of the ureters. Due to the rapid growth of the child, some organs have to "make room". Compression and dystopia of the ureters leads to urinary retention. And this contributes to the reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms that can cause inflammation.
For the prevention of pyelonephritis in the 3rd, and sometimes in the 2nd trimester of pregnancy, doctors have developed a number of recommendations:

1. Active lifestyle. It is useful to spend a lot of time in the fresh air, to move. In the absence of contraindications, even physical exercises are welcome. Thus, the blood supply to the internal organs improves and their compression decreases.
2. If you already have a history of chronic diseases of the urinary system, then it is better to adhere to a certain diet. For this purpose, the diet table according to Pevzner No. 7 is perfect. Women are advised to limit the intake of table salt, monitor the amount of fluid drunk and excreted. No need to eat salty, fatty and spicy foods.
3. Pregnant women should monitor the frequency of urination. Regular emptying of the bladder improves the prognosis and does not allow urine to stagnate.

Prevention of pyelonephritis is important, since the disease is characterized by an undulating course, and in some cases asymptomatic. Timely detection of inflammatory processes can prevent the development of formidable complications.

Discharge from the genitals in men is a discharge from the urethra (urethra) and a secret preputial glands that are located on the head of the penis, under the skin of the foreskin. Opening into the urethra ejaculatory duct, ducts of the prostate, urethral and bulbourethral glands.

Options for physiological secretions

Criteria for normal discharges, corresponding to the functions of the organs of the urogenital system:

• Urine– transparent, from straw to golden yellow, practically odorless, free of flakes or other inclusions;
• prostate secret has a viscous consistency and a whitish hue, there is a specific smell of spermine;
• Ejaculate: sperm from the ejaculatory duct mixes with secretions from the glands of Littre (urethral), Cooper (bulbourethral) and prostatic secretion, acquiring grayish white color and slimy consistency
• fresh smegma from the preputial glands looks like a thick white grease; may become yellowish or greenish over time.

Preputial lubrication - smegma- constantly released, accumulating under the inner leaf of the foreskin and in the coronal groove of the penis. The lubricant consists of fats and bacterial residues, evenly distributed and reduces friction between the skin of the foreskin and the head. The maximum activity of the preputial glands is inherent in the period of puberty, with age the secretion decreases and stops completely by old age.

If you neglect the rules of personal hygiene, then smegma can accumulate under the folds of the foreskin. In this case, the fatty part of the lubricant is oxidized, and the protein part breaks down (in fact, this is decay), and the masses become greenish, acquiring an unpleasant odor. The same process occurs when, due to the fusion of the foreskin, it is impossible to completely free the head of the penis from the skin folds and remove the smegma. The accumulation and breakdown of lubricant can lead to chronic balanitis and balanoposthitis(inflammation of the foreskin and glans penis), increase the risk of developing tumors.

in the figure: possible forms of balanoposthitis - hygienic and pathological

Urethrorrhea, mucous colorless discharge from the bulbourethral and urethral glands. Appear only with arousal associated with libido. The excretion of clear mucus is intended to lubricate the urethra and improve the passage of semen. The amount of secretion ranges from meager to abundant, these parameters are associated with the individual characteristics of the organism and the frequency of sexual activity. After prolonged abstinence, the volume of secretions increases.

Pollution - spontaneous ejection of semen not associated with sexual intercourse. It usually occurs in the morning when testosterone levels rise. It depends on the age and intensity of sexual activity: it appears in boys during puberty, in adult men - with irregular or rare sexual intercourse.

Prostatorrhea, discharge of a small amount of clear mucus from the urethra with grayish-white inclusions. It occurs after tension of the abdominal muscles (for example, with constipation) or after urination. The secret consists of a mixture of seminal fluid and discharge of the prostate, an increase in volume and turbidity can be signs of prostatitis.

Pathological discharge

In men, the causes of discharge from the penis can be STDs, tumors, non-specific inflammation of the urogenital organs, various injuries, medical manipulations or operations.

Pathological discharge from the urethra differs from normal:

1. By volume (too plentiful or scarce, possibly moderate);
2. By color and transparency (from white to yellow-green color, cloudy);
3. By impurities (blood, pus, lumps of mucus);
4. Consistencies (very liquid or too thick and sticky);
5. Smell (sour, putrid, fishy);
6. By the frequency of occurrence (depending on the time of day, constant or episodic discharge);
7. In connection with urination, sexual arousal, alcohol, spicy and spicy foods.

The nature of the discharge depends on the causative agent of the disease, the status of the immune system, on concomitant ailments, as well as the severity and duration of inflammation (acute or chronic).

If the amount, density or color of the discharge changes, if an unpleasant odor appears, it is recommended to consult a doctor and do tests. It is not worth doing self-diagnosis, it is very difficult to correctly recognize the disease by only one symptom.

Discharge from the penis associated with STDs

chlamydia

Mucous: transparent discharge, viscous and small in quantity, occurs in chronic form, or urethritis. Microscopic examination reveals a moderate amount of leukocytes in the secretions (the norm is up to 4 cells per field of view).

Mucopurulent: white discharge, translucent; observed in the acute phase with chlamydia, ureaplasmosis and mycoplasmosis. With chlamydial infection, they accumulate on the glans penis, as if “sticking” to the skin.

Purulent discharge having an unpleasant odor are characteristic of. They are sticky, thick, yellow in color. or with a greenish tinge, with a putrid odor. Microscopic examination of the material shows epithelial cells from the urethra, many leukocytes.

Symptoms accompanying gonorrheal urethritis: persistent and profuse discharge; especially strong when urinating.

In venereal diseases, combined infections are often observed, combining several pathogens at once. Gonorrhea and accompanied by chlamydia, mycoplasmosis and ureaplasmosis usually occur "in pairs". The symptomatology of such diseases differs from the classical manifestations, urethral discharge can also acquire a completely different character. Therefore, for the final diagnosis, modern analytical techniques with a high degree of reliability are used, and not the characteristics of the secretions.

Nonspecific (non-venereal) inflammation

The cause of non-specific inflammation is its own microflora, which is opportunistic and is activated only in case of problems with the body's immune defenses. Strepto- and staphylococci, fungi of the genus Candida and E. coli are always present on the surface of the skin and mucous membranes, but they begin to actively multiply and displace beneficial bacteria after hypothermia, prolonged stress, uncontrolled antibiotic treatment, after courses of radiation and chemotherapy.

Non-gonorrheal (non-specific). Inflammatory secretions are small in volume, visible in the urine as mucopurulent strands or lumps, appear at the very beginning of the disease. Symptoms in the form of burning and itching during urination are less pronounced than with gonorrhea, but the urge is frequent and does not bring relief. With ascending infection, the bladder first becomes inflamed, followed by the ureters and kidneys; appear discharge with an admixture of scarlet blood.

photo: signs of candidiasis (candidiasis balanoposthitis) on the surface of the penis

, fungal infection of the urethra. Usually develops against the background of suppression of the immune system after a course of antibiotics, chemotherapy or radiotherapy; sexual transmission of candidiasis in men is rare. Thrush is characterized by curdled discharge with a sour smell, which is combined with itching and burning during mictions(urination) and ejaculation(ejaculation), may be accompanied by dull pains in the groin, above the pubis and in the lower back.

urethra. characteristic fishy smell of discharge; they are scarce yellowish whiteor greenish. According to some classifications, gardnerellosis is classified as an STD, but in men, infection with gardnerella sexually is rather a curiosity. In fact, this disease is associated with a violation of the normal microflora, that is, with dysbacteriosis. In its treatment, immunocorrectors and probiotics (lactic acid bacteria) are necessarily used.

, inflammation of the foreskin. Abundant purulent discharges are observed locally, an admixture of mucus is possible. They are always accompanied by edema and hyperemia (redness) of the preputium sheets, soreness of the head of the penis.

At cloudy discharge appears at the end of urination, abundant discharge - in the acute period of inflammation; scanty and white - during the transition of the disease into a chronic form. Prostatitis is usually complicated by difficulty urinating and erection weakness, in severe cases - up to anuria(complete absence of urine output) and impotence.

Discharge not associated with inflammation

Spermatorrhea - discharge in the form of passively flowing semen, occur outside of sexual intercourse or masturbation, without the sensation of orgasm. Causes - some diseases of the nervous system, spinal injuries, chronic stress and any long-term inflammation of the genital area. Spermatorrhea is associated with a violation of innervation and a decrease in the tone of the vas deferens.

Hematorrheabloody issues. Often appears with injuries of the urethral canal received during bougienage, after setting catheter or when taking a smear from the mucosa. In these cases, the blood is fresh, without clots, the amount is small, the bleeding stops quickly. With the discharge of small kidney stones or sand, blood is released during or immediately after urination, hematorrhea is accompanied by very severe pain ( renal colic). Discharge of blood at hematuric form of glomerulonephritis(inflammation of the renal glomeruli) are combined with edema and consistently high blood pressure, the appearance of protein in the urine.

brown discharge, with clots of blood or mucus, with an admixture of pus appear with malignant tumors emanating from the prostate, urethra or bladder. Brownish mucus can form during the healing of wounds on the mucous membranes, it is released during polyposis of the urethra and / or bladder.

Prostatorrhea- the secret of the prostate gland flowing from the urethra. Occurs in chronic prostatitis, prostate adenoma, impaired innervation ( neurogenic bladder).

Examination algorithm in the presence of pathological discharge from the penis

1. Inspection of the perineum, penis, foreskin and head. The goal is to identify deformations of the genital organs, traces of their injury, signs of external inflammation, discharge, rash, etc. Traces of discharge are sometimes noticeable on linen.
2. Palpation of the inguinal lymph nodes, assessment of their condition: size, hotter or colder than the surrounding tissues, painful or not, soft or hard, mobile or soldered to the skin, whether there are ulcerations above them.
3. Finger examination of the prostate; massage the prostate through the rectum and obtain secretions for microscopic examination. Before the massage, it is advisable to refrain from urinating for 1-2 hours. With prostate adenoma, its lobes are enlarged approximately equally, dense strands are palpable. For a malignant tumor, uneven growths and their consistency are typical; during palpation of the prostate, blood with clots may be released from the urethra.
4. Material - for microscopy and. When examined under a microscope in a stained smear, blood cells, epithelium, sperm, fatty inclusions, some pathogens (E. coli, gonococci, gardnerella, yeast fungi) are visible. Increased white blood cell count characteristic of acute urethritis or exacerbation of chronic inflammation, eosinophils- for urethritis with allergies. red blood cells found in severe inflammation, tumors, injuries of the genitourinary organs, urolithiasis. Lots of epithelium- a sign of chronic urethritis, urethral leukoplakia. When spermatorrhea is found in a smear spermatozoa, with urethrorrhea - slime, simple - lipid grains.
   For the information content and reliability of the results, a smear is taken no earlier than 3 days after the local use of antibiotics, antifungal and disinfectants. If antibiotic treatment was systemic, then at least 3 weeks should pass after the course. Before taking a smear, do not wash, try not to urinate for 2-3 hours.
5. General clinical blood test,blood for sugar- in the morning, on an empty stomach. Extended urinalysis(morning portion, immediately after sleep).
6. Ultrasound of the prostate, bladder and kidneys; CT and urography.

If the manifestations of genital inflammation are strong, then before the test results are obtained, the patient is immediately prescribed broad-spectrum antibiotics. In case of heavy bleeding, hospitalization is indicated and active actions to stop bleeding. Only the result of a biopsy can confirm the suspicion of a malignant tumor; the final diagnosis is made on the basis of a histological examination.

Important:

• Discharge from the penis is just one symptom that cannot be guided by when making a diagnosis.
• Unacceptable self-administration of pharm. drugs, even if the manifestations seem obvious for a particular disease.

Video: discharge after intercourse in men - doctor's opinion

Causes of discharge, redness, itching and inflammation are very diverse. All the reasons why something liquid is visible on the head of the penis are divided into physiological, which can be observed normally, and pathological, which are never normal. So what physiological secretions Can men meet in everyday life?

Physiological libidinal urethrorrhea

1. Physiological libidinal urethrorrhea. Difficult term. FLU is associated with the occurrence of arousal in a man and occurs due to secretions from the urethral glands. These lubrication secretions contain spermatozoa, therefore, when a penis is inserted into a woman, she can calmly or. But the problem is that transparent mucous secretions (clear liquid) often appear in the pathology of the genitourinary system.

ejaculate, sperm

Sexually transmitted infections, venereal diseases, venous diseases, sexually transmitted infections

What are these infections? Trichomoniasis (trichomoniasis), chlamydia, candidiasis (thrush, candidal balanitis, postitis, balanoposthitis), gonorrhea, ureaplasmosis, mycoplasmosis, genital herpes (HSV1, HSV2), gardnerellosis (Gardnerella vaginalis), papillomavirus infections of the genital organs, cytomegaly, urogenital shigellosis of homosexuals, genital molluscum contagiosum, pubic pediculosis, giardiasis, amebiasis, HIV infection (AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), hepatitis B, C, D. With them, various discharges can be observed, and acute prostatitis, urethritis, balanitis, fasting, balanoposthitis can develop.

spermatorrhea, prostatorrhoea, hematorrhea

Spermatorrhoea associated with the expiration of semen without orgasm. It has nothing to do with sex or masturbation. It occurs due to a sharp decrease in the tone of the muscular elements of the vas deferens. Occurs with inflammation, old age,. At prostatoree there may be viscous discharge after the act of defecation or urination. It occurs with prostatitis, neurogenic bladder (NMP), prostate adenoma. Hematorrhea is the discharge of blood from the urethra. Hematorrhea can occur with such processes and diseases as malignant oncological diseases of the urethra, oncology of the penis, prostate cancer, stones in urolithiasis, trauma to the penis and urethra, polyps, ICD, sand from the bladder.

How to treat discharge? Where to apply? How to carry out treatment? What to do? Who heals?

Dear men! If you have dripping from cock or strongly flowing, you noticed after intercourse, intercourse, sex, blowjob you have purulent, mucous, white, yellow, green, transparent, curdled, translucent, viscous discharge of liquid, blood, pus, sperm from the penis, on the underpants discharge, constantly wet panties from discharge, do not self-medicate, consult a doctor. It is necessary to diagnose, diagnose and treat. - the key to excellent male health. If you have any questions, ask them for free online on the Sarclinic website in the "" section.

Text: ® SARCLINIC | Sarclinic.com \ Sarсlinic.ru Photo: jackmalipan / Fotogenica Photo Bank / photogenica.ru The people shown in the photo are models, do not suffer from the described diseases and / or all coincidences are excluded.