Means for lowering blood pressure. Methods for quickly reducing pressure: emergency measures, drugs and folk remedies

Feeling unwell for some people is a constant symptom. Some get used to living with him, although it is dangerous, while others try to find salvation. The cause of this condition may be high blood pressure. How to bring him down? Many people are interested in this question. It should be said right away that only a specialist can prescribe treatment after a diagnosis has been made. But first, let's figure out what it is.

Hypertension

This disease strikes a person suddenly. First, the pressure periodically rises, which decreases without any extraneous intervention. That is why many do not even notice that there was a deviation from the norm. If it came to the appearance of headaches, then perhaps it is hypertension. Requires urgent treatment for high blood pressure. Otherwise, damage to the brain, heart, blood vessels occurs. The most dangerous consequence is a stroke or heart attack.

High blood pressure is a kind of reaction of the body to changes in external and internal factors. If a person is healthy, then blood pressure will normalize on its own after a while. With some failures occurring inside a person, it remains elevated.

Hypertension is divided into two types.

• Primary - not associated with the pathology of internal organs.
• Secondary - the cause of increased pressure are diseases of the systems and organs of the human body.

Depending on the diagnosis of one type or another, a suitable treatment for high blood pressure will be applied.

Causes of high blood pressure

What factors provoke an increase in pressure. There are several of them:

• Heredity. The risk of developing the disease increases if hypertension was in two or more relatives.
• Floor. Most hypertensive patients are representatives of the strong half of humanity. Male hormones are the "push" to increase pressure. In addition, the body weight of the representatives of this sex is greater. This means that the volume of the vascular bed and the amount of blood moving through it are greater.
• Stress. Adrenaline makes pumping more blood. Prolonged stress is a prolonged load on the vessels.
• Bad habits. Increased oxygen starvation of the brain and blood vessels also provoke an increase in pressure.
• Physical inactivity. A heart that does not exercise is less able to cope with the load.
• Obesity. Fat metabolism is disturbed, the elasticity of blood vessels is lost, and they are affected by atherosclerosis.

These are the reasons why high blood pressure may appear in a person who has not previously encountered this disease.

Symptoms

There are a lot of people in the world suffering from high blood pressure. Some live with this disease all their lives, others learn about its existence only when an attack occurs. That is why hypertension is considered a very dangerous disease and is called the "silent killer". In order for it not to become such, you need to know how to bring down high pressure. And in order to start treatment in time, you should get acquainted with the symptoms of the disease.

• Overwork.

It includes the following signs:

• irritability;
• desire to sleep during the day and insomnia at night;
• redness of the eyeballs and inability to concentrate.

• Headaches that are aching or squeezing in nature.
• Pain in the region of the heart. The rhythm of the heart is disturbed, pain is given to the left arm.
• Nausea, dizziness, shortness of breath, feeling of anxiety.

Knowing the signs of the disease, you can help yourself and others in a timely manner.

Pressure levels

Experts designate two levels of high blood pressure. High upper - systolic (the moment of contraction of the heart). It should not exceed 140. It is most common in people over sixty years of age, especially in women. An increase in pressure at this level increases the risk of developing heart disease. It can only be reduced with the help of medications prescribed by a doctor.

The second level is the lower pressure (diastolic) at the moment of relaxation of the heart. The norm is an indicator of 90. The main cause of deviation from the norm is kidney failure.

The risk group includes overweight people, women during pregnancy. The latter suffer not only themselves, but also their unborn child. He lacks oxygen and nutrients that come with maternal blood. The development of the fetus slows down, the consequences are unpredictable.

First aid

Do not panic if a loved one has high blood pressure. How to bring it down and how to act, we will try to figure it out. The first thing to remember is that the sooner help is provided, the easier it is to prevent irreversible processes in the body. Having noticed the symptoms of the disease, it is necessary:

• Give the patient antihypertensive drugs, those that were previously prescribed by the doctor.
• The pressure has risen for the first time, you should swallow twenty-five milligrams of Captopril or put ten milligrams of Nifedipine under the tongue.
• If there is a feeling of heaviness in the chest area, lack of air, in addition to all of the above drugs, it is recommended to take "Nitroglycerin".
• With edema, you should also give the patient a diuretic drug that acts very quickly: Lasix or Furosemide.

If after forty minutes the pressure does not decrease, urgently call an ambulance.

General about treatment

For each person, the treatment of high blood pressure is selected individually. But for almost all patients, the first step should be a lifestyle change.

For some people, it is enough to normalize body weight, go in for sports, give up alcohol and smoking.

Proper nutrition is the second step to a new life without pressure. You should limit the intake of salt, fatty foods. The amount of fiber, vitamins, calcium, magnesium, on the contrary, will have to be increased.

High upper pressure or lower pressure will have to be normalized throughout life. That is why you should choose the right medicine. It should not only be effective, but also be convenient to use (used once a day). On your own, without consulting a specialist, you cannot solve this issue. Your doctor will help you find a drug that suits you in all respects, including price.

How to bring down high blood pressure? Before talking about this topic, listen to the following recommendations. They will help alleviate your condition during the course of the disease.

• Avoid stress, anxiety, mood changes. The release of adrenaline contributes to the wear of the heart muscle and blood vessels.
• Try to give thirty minutes a day to brisk walking.
• Reduce weight. Your BMI should be within the normal range. Otherwise, the treatment will not be effective.
• Give up bad habits. They accelerate the wear of blood vessels.
• Drink less coffee and tea. They will not help reduce pressure, on the contrary, they contribute to its increase.
• Don't neglect rest. Be outdoors more often.
• Do not poison your blood with accumulated emotions. Try to get them out at least once in a while.
• To saturate the body with oxygen, do morning exercises.
• If your doctor has prescribed pills, do not stop taking them.

Sometimes hypertensive patients ask the question of why high blood pressure does not decrease. Maybe because the above recommendations are not followed.

What to do

If the pressure has risen, you should remember - no panic. If the numbers on the tonometer are 145 to 90, provide the patient with rest. The value increased to 150 to 95 - it is necessary to use medications.

• The medicine for high blood pressure without side effects - "Captopril". In each case, the dosage is prescribed by the attending physician. Approximately it ranges from twenty-five to one hundred and fifty ml per day.
• In twenty minutes, a drug such as Nifedipine will reduce the pressure. It dilates blood vessels.
• A drug that inhibits the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme - "Enapril".
• If the pressure has reached 160/90 and continues to rise, injections from high pressure intramuscularly will have to be used.

If stress has caused high blood pressure, it is necessary to bring the nervous system back to normal. A mixture of tincture of peony, hawthorn, motherwort will help.

Treatment is prescribed by a doctor. Making your own decision is not worth it.

We continue to get rid of high blood pressure

There are several groups of drugs that can reduce blood pressure, but first a few words about Andipal. It is an effective remedy for high blood pressure, especially if blood pressure has risen sharply, but it is not advisable to use it for hypertension.

• Beta blockers. Reduce blood pressure by lowering the heart rate. They have a side effect - weakness, slowing of the pulse, rashes on the skin.
• Diuretics. Diuretic drugs. The pressure decreases due to the removal of fluid from the body ("Furosemide", "Triamteren", "Torasemide").
• ACE inhibitors. Reduce the amount of hormones produced by the body. The vessels begin to expand, the pressure is brought back to normal. Effective tablets for high blood pressure belonging to this group: Lisinopril, Captopril, Enapril.
• Angiotensin antagonists. block the action of angiotensin. The following drugs are used: Valsartan, Cardosal, Losartan.
• calcium antagonists. They have a relaxing effect on blood vessels, which helps to lower blood pressure ("Verapamil", "Diltiazem").

In this section, you met what drugs for high blood pressure help, but do not neglect traditional medicine.

Herbs and fees

We turn to alternative medicine. Thanks to her, without visiting a medical facility, you can bring down the pressure. For the sake of justice, it is worth saying that if blood pressure rises too often, then it is impossible to do without a specialist. But at the initial stage of the problem, herbs from high pressure will help.

• Marigold. They will save you from one-time deviations from the norm in the direction of increase. One tablespoon of the leaves of the plant is poured into a glass of water (temperature ninety-five degrees). Infused for sixty minutes, filtered. The entire amount received is drunk immediately. The next day, the mixture is consumed in the morning and in the evening, half a glass.
• Smelly dill. Ten grams of dill seeds are taken, poured with a glass of boiled water, infused for one hour. Filtered. Three tablespoons are used - in the morning, afternoon and evening. The duration of treatment is one month.
• Herbs for high blood pressure include motherwort. Every day before going to bed, you should drink one glass of tea from this plant. It is prepared in the following way. One teaspoon of grass is poured into a glass of boiled water, aged for ten minutes.
• The next collection will help to cope with the disease. The following are placed in the container: two parts of dill seeds, four parts of wild rose berries, three parts of chokeberry fruits, four parts of prickly hawthorn. Everything is poured with boiling water (five hundred milliliters), kept in a container for two and a half hours. The drink is consumed in the morning and in the evening, one glass each. The duration of treatment is one month.
• Red beets from high pressure are an effective remedy. There are many recipes, this one is the easiest. Distilled beetroot juice and water are taken in equal amounts. Before each meal, drink half a glass.

Injections

Like tablets, injections are also divided into several groups:

• Diuretic. Remove excess fluid from the body. Its excess contributes to an increase in the volume of circulating blood. It, in turn, presses on the walls of blood vessels.
• Inhibitors. They have a vasodilating effect. Used for kidney failure. They can be administered to people suffering from diabetes.
• The most extensive group is vasodilators. They relax the muscles, reduce internal resistance. Thanks to this, the arteries and veins return to their normal state, which allows the blood to pass through them without obstruction.

These groups of drugs bring down the sharp appearance of symptoms of the disease, block the increase in pressure. Sometimes they are prescribed individually, but most often in a complex.

If nothing helps to improve the condition, you will have to resort to injections from high pressure. Intramuscularly, to reduce blood pressure, two milliliters of Papaverine are used in combination with four milliliters of Dibazol. This injection will help prevent hypertension.

Conclusion

The person can help himself. It only depends on him whether the pressure will rise or not. After all, he chooses his way of life. Many of you will say that this is nonsense and it is impossible to get rid of the disease in this way. You are probably right. But by changing yourself, you will improve your well-being and look at life differently.

Doctors say that hypertension is easier to prevent than to treat later. It is impossible to completely get rid of this disease, but you can lead a full life. How the fight against pathology ends depends only on you. Make a decision after weighing it well. It is better to start living right than to suffer from severe complications that can lead to disability.

Article update 01/30/2019

Arterial hypertension(AH) in the Russian Federation (RF) remains one of the most significant medical and social problems. This is due to the wide spread of this disease (about 40% of the adult population of the Russian Federation has elevated blood pressure), as well as the fact that hypertension is the most important risk factor for major cardiovascular diseases - myocardial infarction and cerebral stroke.

Permanent Persistent increase in blood pressure (BP) up to 140/90 mm. rt. Art. and higher- a sign of arterial hypertension (hypertension).

Risk factors contributing to the manifestation of arterial hypertension include:

• Age (men over 55, women over 65)
• Smoking
• sedentary lifestyle,
• Obesity (waist more than 94 cm for men and more than 80 cm for women)
• Familial cases of early cardiovascular disease (in men under 55 years of age, in women under 65 years of age)
• The value of pulse blood pressure in the elderly (the difference between systolic (upper) and diastolic (lower) blood pressure). Normally, it is 30-50 mm Hg.
• Fasting plasma glucose 5.6-6.9 mmol/l
• Dyslipidemia: total cholesterol more than 5.0 mmol/l, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 3.0 mmol/l or more, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 1.0 mmol/l or less for men, and 1.2 mmol/l or less for women, triglycerides over 1.7 mmol/l
• stressful situations
• alcohol abuse,
• Excessive salt intake (more than 5 grams per day).

Also, the development of hypertension is facilitated by such diseases and conditions as:

• Diabetes mellitus (fasting plasma glucose 7.0 mmol/l or more on repeated measurements, as well as postprandial plasma glucose 11.0 mmol/l or more)
• Other endocrinological diseases (pheochromocytoma, primary aldosteronism)
• Diseases of the kidneys and renal arteries
• Taking medications and substances (glucocorticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hormonal contraceptives, erythropoietin, cocaine, cyclosporine).

Knowing the causes of the disease, you can prevent the development of complications. The elderly are at risk.

According to the modern classification adopted by the World Health Organization (WHO), hypertension is divided into:

• Grade 1: Increased blood pressure 140-159 / 90-99 mm Hg
• Grade 2: Increased blood pressure 160-179 / 100-109 mm Hg
• Grade 3: Increased blood pressure to 180/110 mm Hg and above.

Home-based blood pressure measurements can be a valuable addition to monitoring the effectiveness of treatment and are important in the detection of hypertension. The patient's task is to keep a diary of self-monitoring of blood pressure, where blood pressure and heart rate are recorded when measured, at least in the morning, afternoon, evening. It is possible to make comments on lifestyle (rising, eating, physical activity, stressful situations).

Technique for measuring blood pressure:

• Rapidly inflate the cuff to a pressure level 20 mmHg above systolic blood pressure (SBP) when the pulse disappears
• Blood pressure is measured with an accuracy of 2 mm Hg
• Decrease cuff pressure at a rate of approximately 2 mmHg per second
• The level of pressure at which the 1st tone appears corresponds to SBP
• The level of pressure at which the disappearance of tones occurs corresponds to diastolic blood pressure (DBP)
• If the tones are very weak, you should raise your hand and perform several squeezing movements with the brush, then repeat the measurement, while not strongly squeezing the artery with the membrane of the phonendoscope
• During the initial measurement, blood pressure is recorded in both arms. In the future, the measurement is carried out on the arm on which blood pressure is higher
• In patients with diabetes mellitus and in those receiving antihypertensive agents, blood pressure should also be measured after 2 minutes of standing.

Patients with hypertension experience pain in the head (often in the temporal, occipital region), episodes of dizziness, rapid fatigue, poor sleep, pain in the heart, visual impairment.
The disease is complicated by hypertensive crises (when blood pressure rises sharply to high numbers, frequent urination, headache, dizziness, palpitations, a feeling of heat occur); impaired renal function - nephrosclerosis; strokes, intracerebral hemorrhage; myocardial infarction.

To prevent complications, patients with hypertension need to constantly monitor their blood pressure and take special antihypertensive drugs.
If a person is concerned about the above complaints, as well as pressure 1-2 times a month, this is an occasion to contact a therapist or cardiologist who will prescribe the necessary examinations, and subsequently determine further treatment tactics. Only after the necessary complex examination is carried out, it is possible to talk about the appointment of drug therapy.

Self-administration of drugs can lead to the development of unwanted side effects, complications and can be fatal! It is forbidden to use medicines independently on the principle of “helping friends” or resort to the recommendations of pharmacists in pharmacy chains !!! The use of antihypertensive drugs is possible only on prescription!

The main goal of treating patients with hypertension is to minimize the risk of developing cardiovascular complications and death from them!

1. Lifestyle interventions:

• To give up smoking
• Normalization of body weight
• Consumption of alcoholic beverages less than 30 g/day of alcohol for men and 20 g/day for women
• Increased physical activity - regular aerobic (dynamic) exercise for 30-40 minutes at least 4 times a week
• Reducing the consumption of table salt to 3-5 g / day
• Changing the diet with an increase in the consumption of plant foods, an increase in the diet of potassium, calcium (found in vegetables, fruits, grains) and magnesium (found in dairy products), as well as a decrease in the consumption of animal fats.

These measures are prescribed to all patients with arterial hypertension, including those receiving antihypertensive drugs. They allow you to: reduce blood pressure, reduce the need for antihypertensive drugs, favorably affect existing risk factors.

2. Drug therapy

Today we will talk about these drugs - modern drugs for the treatment of arterial hypertension.
Arterial hypertension is a chronic disease that requires not only constant monitoring of blood pressure, but also constant medication. There is no course of antihypertensive therapy, all drugs are taken indefinitely. With the ineffectiveness of monotherapy, the selection of drugs from various groups is carried out, often combining several drugs.
As a rule, the desire of a patient with hypertension is to purchase the most powerful, but not expensive drug. However, it must be understood that this does not exist.
What drugs are offered for this to patients suffering from high blood pressure?

Each antihypertensive drug has its own mechanism of action, i. affect one or another "mechanisms" of increasing blood pressure :

a) Renin-angiotensin system- the kidneys produce the substance prorenin (with a decrease in pressure), which passes into the blood into renin. Renin (a proteolytic enzyme) interacts with a blood plasma protein - angiotensinogen, resulting in the formation of an inactive substance angiotensin I. Angiotensin, when interacting with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), passes into the active substance angiotensin II. This substance contributes to an increase in blood pressure, vasoconstriction, an increase in the frequency and strength of heart contractions, excitation of the sympathetic nervous system (which also leads to an increase in blood pressure), and increased production of aldosterone. Aldosterone promotes sodium and water retention, which also increases blood pressure. Angiotensin II is one of the strongest vasoconstrictors in the body.

b) Calcium channels of the cells of our body- calcium in the body is in a bound state. When calcium enters the cell through special channels, a contractile protein, actomyosin, is formed. Under its action, the vessels narrow, the heart begins to contract more strongly, the pressure rises and the heart rate increases.

c) Adrenoreceptors- in our body in some organs there are receptors, the irritation of which affects blood pressure. These receptors include alpha-adrenergic receptors (α1 and α2) and beta-adrenergic receptors (β1 and β2). Stimulation of α1-adrenoreceptors leads to an increase in blood pressure, α2-adrenoreceptors - to a decrease in blood pressure. β1-adrenergic receptors are localized in the heart, in the kidneys, their stimulation leads to an increase in heart rate, an increase in myocardial oxygen demand and an increase in blood pressure. Stimulation of β2-adrenergic receptors located in the bronchioles causes the expansion of the bronchioles and the removal of bronchospasm.

d) Urinary system- as a result of excess water in the body, blood pressure rises.

e) Central nervous system- excitation of the central nervous system increases blood pressure. In the brain there are vasomotor centers that regulate the level of blood pressure.

So, we examined the main mechanisms for increasing blood pressure in the human body. It's time to move on to blood pressure (antihypertensive) drugs that affect these very mechanisms.

Classification of drugs for arterial hypertension

1. Diuretics (diuretics)
2. Calcium channel blockers
3. Beta blockers
4. Means acting on the renin-angiotensive system
   1. Blockers (antagonists) of angiotensive receptors (sartans)
5. Neurotropic agents of central action
6. Agents acting on the central nervous system (CNS)
7. Alpha blockers

1. Diuretics (diuretics)

As a result of the removal of excess fluid from the body, blood pressure decreases. Diuretics prevent the reabsorption of sodium ions, which as a result are excreted and carry water with them. In addition to sodium ions, diuretics flush out potassium ions from the body, which are necessary for the functioning of the cardiovascular system. There are diuretics that conserve potassium.

Representatives:

• Hydrochlorothiazide (Hypothiazide) - 25mg, 100mg, is part of the combined preparations; Long-term use at a dosage above 12.5 mg is not recommended, due to the possible development of type 2 diabetes!
• Indapamide (Arifonretard, Ravel SR, Indapamide MV, Indap, Ionic retard, Akripamidretard) - more often the dosage is 1.5 mg.
• Triampur (combined diuretic containing potassium-sparing triamterene and hydrochlorothiazide);
• Spironolactone (Veroshpiron, Aldactone). It has a significant side effect (in men it causes the development of gynecomastia, mastodynia).
• Eplerenone (Inspra) - often used in patients with chronic heart failure, does not cause the development of gynecomastia and mastodynia.
• Furosemide 20mg, 40mg. The drug is short, but fast acting. It inhibits the reabsorption of sodium ions in the ascending knee of the loop of Henle, proximal and distal tubules. Increases the excretion of bicarbonates, phosphates, calcium, magnesium.
• Torasemide (Diuver) - 5mg, 10mg, is a loop diuretic. The main mechanism of action of the drug is due to the reversible binding of torasemide to the sodium/chlorine/potassium ion transporter located in the apical membrane of the thick segment of the ascending loop of Henle, resulting in a decrease or complete inhibition of sodium ion reabsorption and a decrease in the osmotic pressure of the intracellular fluid and water reabsorption. Blocks myocardial aldosterone receptors, reduces fibrosis and improves diastolic myocardial function. Torasemide, to a lesser extent than furosemide, causes hypokalemia, while it is more active, and its effect is longer.

Diuretics are prescribed in combination with other antihypertensive drugs. Indapamide is the only diuretic used alone in hypertension.
Fast-acting diuretics (furosemide) are undesirable to use systematically in hypertension, they are taken in emergency conditions.
When using diuretics, it is important to take potassium preparations in courses up to 1 month.

2. Calcium channel blockers

Calcium channel blockers (calcium antagonists) are a heterogeneous group of drugs that have the same mechanism of action, but differ in a number of properties, including pharmacokinetics, tissue selectivity, and the effect on heart rate.
Another name for this group is calcium ion antagonists.
There are three main subgroups of AK: dihydropyridine (the main representative is nifedipine), phenylalkylamines (the main representative is verapamil) and benzothiazepines (the main representative is diltiazem).
Recently, they began to be divided into two large groups, depending on the effect on heart rate. Diltiazem and verapamil are classified as so-called “rate-slowing” calcium antagonists (non-dihydropyridine). Another group (dihydropyridine) includes amlodipine, nifedipine and all other dihydropyridine derivatives that increase or do not change the heart rate.
Calcium channel blockers are used for arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease (contraindicated in acute forms!) and arrhythmias. For arrhythmias, not all calcium channel blockers are used, but only pulse-lowering ones.

Representatives:

Pulse reducing (non-dihydropyridine):

• Verapamil 40mg, 80mg (prolonged: Isoptin SR, Verogalide ER) - dosage 240mg;
• Diltiazem 90mg (Altiazem RR) - dosage 180mg;

The following representatives (dihydropyridine derivatives) are not used for arrhythmias: Contraindicated in acute myocardial infarction and unstable angina!!!

• Nifedipine (Adalat, Kordaflex, Kordafen, Kordipin, Corinfar, Nifecard, Fenigidin) - dosage 10 mg, 20 mg; Nifecard XL 30mg, 60mg.
• Amlodipine (Norvasc, Normodipin, Tenox, Cordy Cor, Es Cordi Cor, Cardilopin, Kalchek,
• Amlotop, Omelarcardio, Amlovas) - dosage 5mg, 10mg;
• Felodipine (Plendil, Felodip) - 2.5mg, 5mg, 10mg;
• Nimodipine (Nimotop) - 30 mg;
• Lacidipine (Lacipil, Sakur) - 2mg, 4mg;
• Lercanidipine (Lerkamen) - 20mg.

Of the side effects of dihydropyridine derivatives, edema can be indicated, mainly of the lower extremities, headache, redness of the face, increased heart rate, and increased urination. If swelling persists, it is necessary to replace the drug.
Lerkamen, which is a representative of the third generation of calcium antagonists, due to its higher selectivity for slow calcium channels, causes edema to a lesser extent compared to other representatives of this group.

3. Beta-blockers

There are drugs that do not selectively block receptors - non-selective action, they are contraindicated in bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Other drugs selectively block only the beta receptors of the heart - a selective action. All beta-blockers interfere with the synthesis of prorenin in the kidneys, thereby blocking the renin-angiotensin system. As a result, blood vessels dilate and blood pressure decreases.

Representatives:

• Metoprolol (Betaloc ZOK 25mg, 50mg, 100mg, Egiloc retard 25mg, 50mg, 100mg, 200mg, Egiloc C, Vasocardinretard 200mg, Metocardretard 100mg);
• Bisoprolol (Concor, Coronal, Biol, Bisogamma, Cordinorm, Niperten, Biprol, Bidop, Aritel) - most often the dosage is 5 mg, 10 mg;
• Nebivolol (Nebilet, Binelol) - 5 mg, 10 mg;
• Betaxolol (Lokren) - 20 mg;
• Carvedilol (Karvetrend, Coriol, Talliton, Dilatrend, Acridiol) - basically the dosage is 6.25mg, 12.5mg, 25mg.

The drugs of this group are used for hypertension, combined with coronary heart disease and arrhythmias.
Short-acting drugs, the use of which is not rational in hypertension: anaprilin (obzidan), atenolol, propranolol.

The main contraindications to beta-blockers:

• bronchial asthma;
• low pressure;
• sick sinus syndrome;
• pathology of peripheral arteries;
• bradycardia;
• cardiogenic shock;
• atrioventricular blockade of the second or third degree.

4. Means acting on the renin-angiotensin system

The drugs act on different stages of the formation of angiotensin II. Some inhibit (suppress) the angiotensin-converting enzyme, while others block the receptors on which angiotensin II acts. The third group inhibits renin, represented by only one drug (aliskiren).

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

These drugs prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to active angiotensin II. As a result, the concentration of angiotensin II in the blood decreases, the vessels dilate, and the pressure decreases.
Representatives (synonyms are indicated in brackets - substances with the same chemical composition):

• Captopril (Capoten) - dosage 25mg, 50mg;
• Enalapril (Renitek, Berlipril, Renipril, Ednit, Enap, Enarenal, Enam) - the dosage is most often 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg;
• Lisinopril (Diroton, Dapril, Lysigamma, Lisinoton) - the dosage is most often 5mg, 10mg, 20mg;
• Perindopril (Prestarium A, Perineva) - Perindopril - dosage 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg. Perineva - dosage 4mg, 8mg .;
• Ramipril (Tritace, Amprilan, Hartil, Pyramil) - dosage 2.5 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg;
• Quinapril (Accupro) - 5mg, 10mg, 20mg, 40mg;
• Fosinopril (Fozikard, Monopril) - at a dosage of 10 mg, 20 mg;
• Trandolapril (Gopten) - 2mg;
• Zofenopril (Zocardis) - dosage 7.5 mg, 30 mg.

The drugs are available in different dosages for therapy with varying degrees of high blood pressure.

A feature of the drug Captopril (Capoten) is that it is rational due to its short duration of action. only in hypertensive crises.

A bright representative of the Enalapril group and its synonyms are used very often. This drug does not differ in the duration of action, so it is taken 2 times a day. In general, the full effect of ACE inhibitors can be observed after 1-2 weeks of drug use. In pharmacies, you can find a variety of generics (analogues) of enalapril, i.e. cheaper drugs containing enalapril, which are produced by small manufacturing companies. We discussed the quality of generics in another article, but here it is worth noting that enalapril generics are suitable for someone, they do not work for someone.

ACE inhibitors cause a side effect - dry cough. In cases of cough development, ACE inhibitors are replaced with drugs of another group.
This group of drugs is contraindicated in pregnancy, has a teratogenic effect in the fetus!

Angiotensin receptor blockers (antagonists) (sartans)

These agents block angiotensin receptors. As a result, angiotensin II does not interact with them, the vessels dilate, blood pressure decreases

Representatives:

• Losartan (Cozaar 50mg, 100mg; Lozap 12.5mg, 50mg, 100mg; Lorista 12.5mg, 25mg, 50mg, 100mg; Vasotens 50mg, 100mg);
• Eprosartan (Teveten) - 400mg, 600mg;
• Valsartan (Diovan 40mg, 80mg, 160mg, 320mg; Valsacor 80mg, 160mg, 320mg, Valz 40mg, 80mg, 160mg; Nortivan 40mg, 80mg, 160mg; Valsaforce 80mg, 160mg);
• Irbesartan (Aprovel) - 150mg, 300mg;
  Candesartan (Atakand) - 8mg, 16mg, 32mg;
  Telmisartan (Micardis) - 40 mg, 80 mg;
  Olmesartan (Cardosal) - 10mg, 20mg, 40mg.

Just like the predecessors, they allow you to evaluate the full effect 1-2 weeks after the start of administration. Do not cause dry cough. Should not be used during pregnancy! If pregnancy is detected during the treatment period, antihypertensive therapy with drugs of this group should be discontinued!

5. Neurotropic agents of central action

Neurotropic drugs of central action affect the vasomotor center in the brain, reducing its tone.

• Moxonidine (Physiotens, Moxonitex, Moxogamma) - 0.2 mg, 0.4 mg;
• Rilmenidine (Albarel (1mg) - 1mg;
• Methyldopa (Dopegyt) - 250 mg.

The first representative of this group is clonidine, which was previously widely used in hypertension. Now this drug is dispensed strictly by prescription.
Currently, moxonidine is used both for emergency care in hypertensive crisis and for planned therapy. Dosage 0.2mg, 0.4mg. The maximum daily dosage is 0.6 mg/day.

6. Funds acting on the central nervous system

If hypertension is caused by prolonged stress, then drugs that act on the central nervous system are used (sedatives (Novopassit, Persen, Valerian, Motherwort, tranquilizers, hypnotics).

7. Alpha blockers

These agents attach to alpha-adrenergic receptors and block them from the irritating action of norepinephrine. As a result, blood pressure drops.
The representative used - Doxazosin (Kardura, Tonocardin) - is more often produced in dosages of 1 mg, 2 mg. It is used for relief of seizures and long-term therapy. Many alpha-blocker drugs have been discontinued.

Why are multiple drugs taken at once in hypertension?

In the initial stage of the disease, the doctor prescribes one drug, based on some research and taking into account the existing diseases in the patient. If one drug is ineffective, other drugs are often added, creating a combination of blood pressure lowering drugs that act on different mechanisms for lowering blood pressure. Combination therapy for refractory (resistant) arterial hypertension can combine up to 5-6 drugs!

Drugs are selected from different groups. For example:

• ACE inhibitor/diuretic;
• angiotensin receptor blocker/diuretic;
• ACE inhibitor/calcium channel blocker;
• ACE inhibitor / calcium channel blocker / beta-blocker;
• angiotensin receptor blocker/calcium channel blocker/beta-blocker;
• ACE inhibitor / calcium channel blocker / diuretic and other combinations.

There are combinations of drugs that are irrational, for example: beta-blockers / calcium channel blockers, pulse-lowering, beta-blockers / centrally acting drugs, and other combinations. It is dangerous to self-medicate!

There are combined preparations that combine components of substances from different groups of antihypertensive drugs in 1 tablet.

For example:

• ACE inhibitor/diuretic
  • Enalapril / Hydrochlorothiazide (Co-renitek, Enap NL, Enap N,
  • Enap NL 20, Renipril GT)
  • Enalapril/Indapamide (Enzix Duo, Enzix Duo Forte)
  • Lisinopril/Hydrochlorothiazide (Iruzid, Lisinoton, Liten N)
  • Perindopril/Indapamide (NoliprelA and NoliprelAforte)
  • Quinapril/Hydrochlorothiazide (Akkuzid)
  • Fosinopril/Hydrochlorothiazide (Fozicard H)
• angiotensin receptor blocker/diuretic
  • Losartan/Hydrochlorothiazide (Gizaar, Lozap plus, Lorista N,
  • Lorista ND)
  • Eprosartan/Hydrochlorothiazide (Teveten plus)
  • Valsartan/Hydrochlorothiazide (Co-diovan)
  • Irbesartan/Hydrochlorothiazide (Co-aprovel)
  • Candesartan/Hydrochlorothiazide (Atakand Plus)
  • Telmisartan/GHT (Micardis Plus)
• ACE inhibitor/calcium channel blocker
  • Trandolapril/Verapamil (Tarka)
  • Lisinopril/Amlodipine (Equator)
• angiotensin receptor blocker/calcium channel blocker
  • Valsartan/Amlodipine (Exforge)
• calcium channel blocker dihydropyridine/beta-blocker
  • Felodipine/metoprolol (Logimax)
• beta-blocker / diuretic (not for diabetes and obesity)
  • Bisoprolol/Hydrochlorothiazide (Lodoz, Aritel plus)

All drugs are available in different dosages of one and the other component, the dose should be selected for the patient by a doctor.

Achieving and maintaining target blood pressure levels require long-term medical supervision with regular monitoring of the patient's compliance with recommendations for lifestyle changes and adherence to the regimen of prescribed antihypertensive drugs, as well as correction of therapy depending on the effectiveness, safety and tolerability of treatment. In dynamic observation, establishing personal contact between the doctor and the patient, teaching patients in schools for patients with hypertension, which increases the patient's adherence to treatment, are of decisive importance.

Each increase in blood pressure negatively affects the state of the cardiovascular system, brain and kidneys. It threatens with a heart attack, stroke, pulmonary edema and other complications, so high blood pressure pills should be present in the first-aid kit of every hypertensive patient.

A hypertensive attack always happens suddenly. The fault is neurosis, nervous tension, a shock situation and severe stress. It occurs against the background of dizziness, rapid heartbeat and pulse, increased anxiety and panic.

The list of drugs that help to quickly bring down arterial indicators is extensive. Despite their high efficiency, they have many contraindications and side effects, which must be taken into account, since the assistance provided can be harmful.

Consider the classification of medications and the principle of their action, as well as find out the best effective drugs that help to urgently reduce blood pressure?

Classification: names of groups of drugs and a brief description

Drug therapy of arterial hypertension is a set of measures, consisting of many directions, aimed at reducing blood "pressure", preventing complications of the disease.

How to reduce pressure quickly with pills? There are many drugs that meet this requirement. However, it should be borne in mind that they can aggravate the clinical picture if the dosage is not calculated correctly.

Therefore, during an attack, it is necessary to take those medications that were previously prescribed by the attending doctor. It is not recommended to exceed the dosage - this is fraught with a hypotonic attack.

• Beta-blockers slow down the heart rate, are prescribed for the treatment of hypertension against the background of angina pectoris, tachycardia, ischemia. Included in complex therapy along with other specialized medicines. Names: Corvitol, Anaprilin.
• Calcium antagonists promote relaxation of blood vessels, resulting in normalization of blood pressure. It can be used for many related ailments. Nitopin, Adalat are more often prescribed.
• Myotropic antispasmodics affect smooth muscles, stimulate their expansion, which leads to a decrease in parameters (Dibazol).
• Nitrates dilate small blood vessels, have a quick effect and a high therapeutic effect. They can instantly lower SD and DD, so the dosage is selected carefully.
• Alpha-blockers are rarely included in the treatment regimen. Studies have shown that pills increase the likelihood of heart attack and stroke against the background of long-term use.
• ACE inhibitors are often prescribed when, in addition to the diagnosis of GB, the patient has ischemia, heart failure, diabetes mellitus of any type. Representatives: Losartan, Veroshpiron.
• Diuretic tablets remove excess fluid from the body, improve kidney function, reduce the volume of circulating blood in the human body - Furosemide.

The therapy algorithm is chosen by the doctor individually after a complete diagnosis, taking into account all the nuances of the clinical picture.

Medications for high blood pressure

Nifedipine belongs to the group of calcium antagonists, promotes relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, dilates arteries, increases blood circulation, and reduces heart rate.

The main active ingredient, nifedipine, does not accumulate in the body, therefore it is recommended as an emergency remedy for a sharp jump in arterial parameters.

Available in several forms - dragees - they can be swallowed, the best effect is achieved when resorbed under the tongue or chewed. Ampoules for intravenous administration - used in the intensive care unit.

Adverse reactions from the application:

1. Sleep disturbance, nausea.
2. Pain in the region of the stomach.
3. Tremor of the limbs.
4. Diarrhea or constipation.
5. Dyspnea.

Do not take with tachycardia and bradycardia, unstable angina, severe heart failure. The price in pharmacies is about 50-80 rubles.

Indicators 170/110-120 require an immediate reduction. You need to take fast-acting pressure medication, the list is as follows:

• Captopril is taken in a dosage of 25-50 mg, placed under the tongue. 10 minutes after application, a gradual decrease in blood pressure is observed. The duration of exposure is 6 hours. Not recommended for kidney pathologies, during childbearing.
• Nitroglycerin is necessary in situations where a hypertensive attack is accompanied by severe heart pain. Take one tablet. It should be borne in mind that the drug gives a short-term effect, sometimes excessively reduces SD and DD.
• Clonidine at a dosage of 0.075 mg. The numbers on the tonometer decrease within half an hour.

Tablets can be taken in old age, be sure to monitor the decline every 15 minutes. In the first hour, the ideal drop is 20-25% of the original level.

If the jump in blood pressure is due to excess fluid in the body, then a diuretic is taken.

Tablets Enap, Adelfan, Diroton

The use of drugs to quickly lower blood pressure is carried out with caution. It is important to calculate the dosage and the rate of decline in indicators in order to prevent complications from the heart, kidneys, and blood vessels.

Enap (as in the photo) reduces left ventricular hypertrophy, slows down the progression of heart failure, improves blood circulation in the body. Do not take during pregnancy, breastfeeding, porphyria.

If the pressure level is 190/120-130, then it is advisable to prescribe a medicine. Initially, a dosage of 5 mg per day is advised. The first few hours the patient is under the supervision of a doctor to track the dynamics of the decrease in blood pressure.

Adverse reactions - arrhythmia, orthostatic hypertension, pain in the sternum, a sharp decrease in arterial parameters, drowsiness, dizziness and headaches. The price of tablets varies from 100 to 250 rubles.

Effective tablets for the treatment of GB:

1. Adelfan is a combination drug that has a hypotensive effect, regulates vascular tone, expands and relieves tension. Normalizes metabolic processes and blood flow. Usually prescribed up to three tablets per day.
2. Diroton improves the state of the cardiovascular system, thereby normalizing blood pressure. Taken in the morning, the standard dose is 40 mg. It is characterized by a cumulative effect, a stable result is revealed after 2-3 weeks of the therapeutic course.

Adelfan tablets can be purchased at a pharmacy, the approximate price is 1200 rubles; the cost of the drug Diroton is 100-150 rubles.

Amlodipine, Lozap, Concor

For recommend fast-acting tablets, characterized by a short-term effect. Medications help lower blood pressure, improve the patient's well-being and prevent irreversible consequences.

After an attack, the patient is prescribed a number of drugs to improve the condition of the blood vessels and maintain the achieved indicators within acceptable limits.

Amlodipine is an antihypertensive drug that works by relaxing smooth muscles and has antianginal properties. Usually appointed in the second and third stages.

Application Features:

• To combat hypertension and prevent angina attacks, 5 mg per day is prescribed. If the effect is insufficient, the dose is increased to 10 mg.
• If there are impaired renal function, the standard initial dose is 2.5 mg. With good tolerance, increase to 5 mg.

All hypertensive patients are interested in the question of how to reduce pressure quickly. An attack of sudden hypertension can take a person by surprise. Sometimes it is necessary immediately, otherwise the development of a hypertensive crisis is possible. Being away from home, on the road, every hypertensive patient needs to carry medicines for emergency pressure reduction.

Signs of high blood pressure

There are 2 indicators of blood pressure - systolic (upper) and diastolic (lower). In hypertension, both numbers are most often elevated. But only one of the pressure indicators can rise, while the other remains within the normal range. This must be taken into account when choosing tablets.

With an increase in both systolic and diastolic pressure, the following symptoms are observed:

• headache (more often in the back of the head);
• tachycardia;
• flickering of small black dots before the eyes;
• dizziness;
• noise in ears;
• blurred vision;
• feeling of sharp fatigue;
• dyspnea.

Systolic (upper) pressure is measured at the time of contraction of the heart muscle. Therefore, in everyday life it is called heart pressure. This figure indicates the state of the myocardium. Increasing this figure is especially dangerous. It is systolic hypertension that leads to complications: hypertensive crises, heart attacks and strokes. With an increase in this indicator, the following symptoms occur:

• Strong headache;
• nausea and vomiting;
• feeling of pulsation in the temples;
• feeling of heat;
• tremor;
• severe sweating;
• frequent heartbeat.

Diastolic (lower) pressure shows how much blood presses against the walls of blood vessels. Therefore, it is sometimes called vascular pressure. Signs of an increase in this indicator are similar to the symptoms of systolic hypertension. But if with poor health occurs suddenly, then with diastolic hypertension, unpleasant manifestations increase gradually.

There are many drugs that quickly reduce blood pressure. But before taking the pills, you need to know the exact numbers of blood pressure. This will help you choose the right medicine. After all, remedies that help relieve mild hypertension may not be effective when you want to bring down high blood pressure.

In chronic hypertension, both indicators most often increase. This condition is characterized by a rapid increase in poor health and a sharp severity of symptoms. How to bring down the pressure with a simultaneous systolic and diastolic surge? It is necessary to take a drug that affects both the upper and lower blood pressure.

1. Kapoten (Captopril). The drug inhibits the synthesis of the hormone angiotensin, which causes vasodilation and reduces the load on the heart. Kapoten reduces pressure very quickly, within 1 hour after ingestion. This remedy should not be taken during pregnancy, kidney and liver diseases, hyperkalemia. But you need to remember that this is a drug of short duration.
2. Moxonidine (Physiotens). This medicine acts on the sympathetic nervous system, which is responsible for vascular tone. The fall in blood pressure is achieved by reducing vascular resistance. The medicine relieves the condition about 1 hour after ingestion. The effect of Moxonidine lasts about 2-5 hours. The medicine is contraindicated in heart failure, kidney and liver diseases, as well as in epilepsy. It should not be combined with sedatives and other medicines for hypertension. This tool helps to relieve high pressure (about 200 mm Hg). With moderately elevated blood pressure, it is better to choose lighter drugs.
3. Rilmenidine. This remedy will help reduce mild to moderate hypertension. It should not be taken by patients with sinus bradycardia and other heart pathologies. The drug should not be combined with beta-blockers, antidepressants and alcohol. Rilmenidine is contraindicated in patients who have recently had a stroke or heart attack. With this medicine, you can achieve a decrease in blood pressure 1.5-2 hours after ingestion. The action of Rilmenidine lasts 24 hours.
4. Clonidine (Clonidine, Catapress). This remedy acts on the central nervous system and prevents vasoconstriction. The drug can be used as an ambulance for the threat of a hypertensive crisis or stroke. This tool is categorically incompatible with alcohol, their joint intake can cause loss of consciousness. The drug allows you to quickly reduce blood pressure, the effect is noticeable within 1 hour after administration. However, its effect is short, about 7-10 hours. The disadvantage of the drug is its ability to be addictive with prolonged use.
5. Anaprilin. The drug reduces the volume of blood passing through the heart, and thereby relieves hypertension. In addition to the hypotensive effect, this remedy reduces the heart rate. After taking Anaprilin, a decrease in tachycardia is first felt, and then an improvement in the general condition. The drug is contraindicated in severe bradycardia.

Systolic pressure spikes are more common than diastolic hypertension. Usually this condition is very difficult to tolerate. With systolic hypertension, the risk of complications is high. There are many drugs that help to quickly relieve hypertension. But they may not be effective if the increase in blood pressure is a symptom of another disease.

How to relieve an attack of severe hypertension? First of all, you should not bring down the pressure with a large number of tablets. It is enough to take the dose of the drug recommended by the doctor. BP should decrease gradually. Too much pressure drop can lead to fainting.

The following drugs help with high systolic pressure:

1. Metoprolol (Metocard). The drug acts on beta-adrenergic receptors. Lowering blood pressure is achieved by reducing cardiac output. Metoprolol lowers systolic pressure to a greater extent. The upper indicator returns to normal after 15-30 minutes after taking the pills. The effect lasts about 6 hours. In diabetes mellitus, metoprolol should be taken with caution, as the drug can provoke hypoglycemia.
2. Andipal. This is a combination medicine that consists of 4 components: papaverine, dibazol, metamizole and phenobarbital. In addition to the hypotensive effect, the drug has an analgesic and sedative effect. It is taken for high blood pressure associated with stress. Andipal should not be taken by children, as it has a negative effect on mental development. This is a fast acting tool. Andipal can in 15-20 minutes.
3. Dibazol and Papaverine. These are older drugs. They are drunk when systolic blood pressure is not more than 150 mm Hg. If you need to reduce high blood pressure, it is better to take Andipal, Kapoten or Clonidine. Dibazol and Papaverine act in a similar way as antispasmodics. They normalize blood pressure 30-60 minutes after ingestion.
4. Corinfar. Fast acting vasodilator. The hypotensive effect occurs within 20 minutes after administration and lasts about 4-6 hours. However, doctors do not recommend getting carried away with this remedy, as it can cause heart palpitations.
5. Diuretics (Veroshpiron, Furosemide). They increase diuresis and remove fluid from the body, which contributes to the normalization of blood pressure. These drugs reduce primarily systolic pressure, a long course of treatment is required to reduce the diastolic rate. They quickly improve well-being and reduce excessive stress on the heart. But diuretics have side effects, they can cause loss of potassium and sodium, thirst, increased levels of glucose and cholesterol in the blood. It is better for diabetics to take potassium-sparing drugs of this group, such as Veroshpiron.

How to quickly bring down the pressure if only the lower numbers of blood pressure are elevated? The diastolic jump is most often a sign of long-term chronic hypertension. Sometimes such hypertension can be a symptom of diseases of the heart, kidneys, thyroid gland. An increase in lower blood pressure is dangerous due to oxygen starvation of tissues and organs.

The following medicines will help to quickly normalize the pressure:

1. Atenolol. This tool not only reduces lower pressure, but also eliminates arrhythmia. The drug begins to act 1 hour after ingestion, its effect lasts about 24 hours. Atenolol is contraindicated in heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and is incompatible with antidepressants. It should not be taken during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
2. Ramipril. The drug acts like Kapoten. It is an inhibitor of the synthesis of the hormone angiotensin, which leads to a hypotensive effect. Ramipril reduces pressure after 1.5 hours and lasts about 1 day. However, this remedy is not recommended for the elderly and children, as well as for pregnant and lactating mothers. But this medicine can be used as an ambulance if it has already been taken previously as directed by a doctor. The first dose of Ramipril should be under medical supervision and monitoring of blood pressure within 8 hours after taking the pill. Such precautions are necessary because of the risk of an uncontrolled hypotensive effect.
3. Enap (Enalpril). This drug is also an angiotensin inhibitor. Contraindications for use are the same as for Ramipril. The drug begins to act after 1.5 hours, its effect reaches a maximum after 5-6 hours. However, this drug should be used only if there are no other drugs with you to quickly lower blood pressure. Ramipril helps more with continuous use than with a single dose. Its effect is fully manifested when the drug accumulates in the body.

Home Remedies to Lower BP Quickly

How to quickly lower the pressure if there are no medicines at hand? If blood pressure is only slightly elevated, non-drug treatments may be helpful. Severe hypertension can only be removed with pills. But if the jump in blood pressure was caused by stress or physical exertion, then home remedies will also help.

1. Breathing exercises normalize blood pressure. You need to sit in a comfortable position, relax all the muscles and calm down emotionally. Shoulders should be down. Inhale for 3 counts and exhale for 4 counts. The interval between respiratory movements should be equal to 1 count.
2. A compress with vinegar on the area of ​​​​the feet will help to quickly reduce the pressure. Within 20 minutes, blood pressure will return to normal.
3. You can put mustard plasters on the neck-collar zone and on the shoulders. The blood will drain from the head, and after about 30 minutes the condition will improve significantly. You can massage the collar zone.
4. Pharmacy herbal preparations will help to quickly relieve the pressure caused by stress: tincture of valerian, hawthorn, motherwort. They have a slight sedative effect and normalize cardiac activity.

With a small pressure surge, medicinal plants can be useful:

1. A decoction of nettle and dill in milk. You need to take 2 tbsp. May nettle and dill and boil in 0.5 liters of milk. Infuse the composition for 10 minutes, strain and drink immediately. The state is normalized in half an hour.
2. Radish. You need to finely chop this root crop and stand on it with your feet. After 20 minutes it will be easier.
3. Hell leaves. They must be applied to the heart and forehead. BP will return to normal in 30 minutes.
4. Geranium leaves. They must be rubbed in the hands, sniffed and applied to the temporal region. Thus, you can relieve the pressure by about 20 mm Hg. Art. in 30 minutes.
5. You can drink kefir with cinnamon powder. This will help reduce the pressure within 1 hour.
6. Meadowsweet grass and plantain. It is necessary to brew 1 tbsp. herbs in 1 glass of water. Immediately drink half of the broth and lie down to rest for 30 minutes. Then drink the second half of the broth.

Conclusion

Drugs to quickly reduce pressure can only be taken if they have been previously prescribed by a doctor. All means for emergency care for hypertension have contraindications and side effects. With very high blood pressure, you need to call an ambulance. If the jump in blood pressure occurred for the first time, you must contact the clinic for diagnosis and treatment.

In cases where lifestyle changes and proper nutrition do not help normalize blood pressure (BP), medications are prescribed. Many antihypertensive drugs are sold without a prescription but are prescribed by a doctor on an individual basis. It depends on the diagnostic study and the degree of the disease.

For example, for the constant intake of drugs that support the rhythm of life in the elderly, one tablet is prescribed. If it is necessary to urgently reduce the pressure, then more powerful means are used.

There are 5 main classes of antihypertensive drugs: beta-blockers, diuretics, ACE inhibitors, calcium antagonists, angiotensin receptor blockers. And two additional ones: alpha blockers and imidazoline receptor agonists.

Pills for high blood pressure must be taken strictly according to the doctor's scheme!

If the patient is diagnosed with the initial stage of arterial hypertension, then treatment begins with taking one drug. In case of ineffective treatment, it is recommended to replace the drug with another drug. If blood pressure still fails to normalize, therapy with a combination of several drugs is prescribed.

Treatment regimen for high blood pressure

Treatment regimen for patients with high BP (high risk)

Tablets for lowering blood pressure are divided depending on the composition and properties.

In the CIS countries, hypertensive patients are prescribed drugs:

1. Diuretics (diuretic) means to reduce the volume of blood circulation in the vessels. Popular means: Hypothiazide and Arifon. Such drugs well reduce blood pressure, while displacing potassium from the body. Often, to maintain the required amount of potassium in the body, potassium-sparing drugs (Capoten, Enap, Renitek) are additionally prescribed to diuretics.

   When often prescribed Furosemide, which quickly reduces blood pressure. But it is necessary to take this drug under the supervision of a doctor. This diuretic removes a lot of potassium, so it must be taken with medications that restore balance.

   Frequent and uncontrolled use of Furosemide can lead to severe arrhythmias and heart attacks!

   Among the diuretic drugs to maintain the level of potassium in the blood, Veroshpiron and Triamteren can be distinguished. The drugs are prescribed in small doses, in combination with potassium-sparing agents.

   Side effects from diuretics are manifested by rapid fatigue and fatigue. In rare cases, patients complain of headache, nausea and dry mouth.

2. Beta blockers. These drugs are often used to treat hypertension.
   

   The main property is the blocking of central beta-adrenergic receptors, changing the response of organs and tissues to nerve impulses. After taking medication, the heart begins to work more rhythmically, and the blood stops flowing into the vessels in large quantities.

   Beta-blockers are divided into selective and non-selective. The former include Methanalol and Atenolol. Selective agents block only adrenergic receptors that are associated with the cardiovascular system, without harming the entire body.

   Non-selective beta-blockers block adrenoreceptors that are associated with all organs. Known drugs Obzidol and Anaprilin. Non-selective drugs reduce blood pressure faster, but often cause side effects (bronchospasm, exacerbation of peptic ulcer).

   • Patients with pulmonary diseases;
   • Pregnant women;
   • People with diabetes;
   • Patients with chronic diseases of the stomach.
   • Chronic alcoholics.

   Beta-blockers should not be combined with alcohol, oral contraceptives and barbiturates.

3. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. These drugs block the enzyme, which leads to vasoconstriction. Means are taken strictly under the supervision of a doctor. Before and after taking it, you need to take a blood test for potassium content.
   
   

   In Russia, Kapoten, Enalapril, Prestarium tablets are used.

   ACEs are good because they lower blood pressure without causing fatigue, drowsiness and without raising cholesterol levels. ACE drugs should not be taken concomitantly with diuretic drugs that conserve potassium. Doctors also forbid inhibitors to pregnant women.

   Side effects from ACE are manifested in the form of: headache, dizziness, cough, rash.

4. calcium antagonists. Medicines of this group prevent the entry of calcium ions into the vessels and heart. After taking the drugs, the vessels dilate, and the heart rate decreases.

   Popular drugs: Isoptin, Corinfar, Veropamil, Diltiazem. Calcium antagonists rapidly lower cardiac pressure and are often used in hypertensive crisis. You need to take drugs with extreme caution, as they quickly dilate blood vessels.

5. Angiotensin II receptor blockers. Drugs are designed to dilate blood vessels. Pharmacotherapy is represented by drugs: Eprosartan, Losartan, Irbesartan, Valsartan.

   Possible side effects are expressed in the form of dizziness and fatigue. The drugs are contraindicated in pregnant women, people with high potassium levels and narrowing of the renal arteries.

6. Centrally acting alpha agonists. The drugs block brain impulses to narrow the arteries. In Russia, with arterial hypertension, Dopegyt and Clonidine are prescribed.
   

   Central alpha agonists are prescribed in rare cases when other drugs do not have a positive effect. Reception and cancellation of drugs is carried out strictly under the supervision of a physician.

   Dopegit and Clonidine cannot be combined with alcohol. This always leads to loss of consciousness and a sharp decrease in blood pressure.

Effective drugs

How to take pills correctly

Pills for high blood pressure are prescribed exclusively by a doctor! The main task in the treatment is to gradually normalize blood pressure to a level no higher than 140/90 mm Hg. Art.

With long-term therapy of arterial hypertension, preference is given to drugs with prolonged action (taking 1 tablet per day).

The number of drugs prescribed depends on the symptoms, degree of hypertension, complications and the patient's well-being. At the initial stage of the disease, in the absence of a risk of target organ damage, it is recommended to start treatment with small doses. Later, the dosage and number of drugs are evaded during treatment.

• All medicines for lowering blood pressure must be prescribed by a doctor. You can not take pills just because someone advises them!
• The prescribed drugs must be taken at the same time of day. The time and dose of the medicine can be read in the doctor's prescription.
• You can not abruptly stop taking medication, even if blood pressure does not decrease. If the drug does not give a positive effect, you must inform your doctor.
• It is important to adhere to a clear scheme that the doctor will indicate. This is the time of day, before and after meals, the number of tablets. It is impossible to independently supplement the radiation scheme with dietary supplements and other means that reduce pressure.
• Buy drugs only in public institutions. Beware of fakes! Be sure to read the instructions and carefully look at the expiration date.
• Tablets should be taken in a standing position with a small amount of water.
• Anti-pressure drugs should not be combined with alcohol and smoking.
• If you feel unwell after taking the medication, call an ambulance immediately!

Table: Contraindications for taking pills and drugs that reduce blood pressure

What pills for pressure will help to quickly reduce blood pressure during jumps and crisis? With high blood pressure, to prevent a severe hypertensive crisis and stroke, use: Clonidine, Nifedipine, Kapoten, Dibazol, Metoprolol, Prazosin.

The use of tablets in very high blood pressure and a complicated crisis: Nitroglycerin, Sodium nitroprusside, Nimodipine, Enalaprilat, Verapamil, Propranolol, Esmolol, Magnesium sulfate, Furosemide.

Medications prescribed by a doctor must be taken regularly! Deviation in treatment can quickly cause a hypertensive crisis.

How to lower blood pressure without pills? In emergency cases, mustard plasters on your feet and a hot foot bath will help at home. For complex treatment and prevention, it is necessary to normalize the rhythm of life, give up bad habits and improve the diet with healthy products.

THERE ARE CONTRAINDICATIONS
YOUR DOCTOR'S CONSULTATION IS REQUIRED