Signs of society as a dynamic system and examples. What characterizes society as a dynamic system

Society is a system .

What is a system? “System” is a Greek word, from other Greek. σύστημα - whole, composed of parts, connection.

So, if it is about society as a system, it means that society consists of separate, but interconnected, complementary and developing parts, elements. Such elements are spheres of public life (subsystems), which, in turn, are a system for their constituent elements.

EXPLANATION:

Finding an answer to a question about society as a system, it is necessary to find an answer that contains elements of society: spheres, subsystems, social institutions, that is, parts of this system.

Society is a dynamic system

Recall the meaning of the word "dynamic". It is derived from the word "dynamics", denoting movement, the course of development of a phenomenon, something. This development can go both forward and backward, the main thing is that it happens.

Society - dynamic system. It does not stand still, it is in constant motion. Not all areas develop in the same way. Some change faster, some slower. But everything is moving. Even a period of stagnation, that is, a suspension in movement, is not an absolute stop. Today is not like yesterday. “Everything flows, everything changes,” said the ancient Greek philosopher Heraclitus.

EXPLANATION:

The correct answer to the question about society as a dynamic system there will be one in which we are talking about any kind of movement, interaction, mutual influence of any elements in society.

Spheres of public life (subsystems)

EXPLANATION

The exam will be presented two types of tasks on this topic.

1. It is necessary to find out by signs what area we are talking about (remember this table).

1. More difficult is the second type of task, when it is necessary, after analyzing the situation, to determine the connection and interaction of which spheres of public life are represented here.

Example: The State Duma adopted the law "On Competition".

In this case, we are talking about the relationship between the political sphere (the State Duma) and the economic (the law concerns competition).

Material prepared: Melnikova Vera Alexandrovna

"Society as a dynamic system".

Option 1.

BUT. 1. Highlighting the main elements of society, their relationship and interaction, scientists characterize society as

1)system

2) part of nature

3) material world

4) civilization

2. Society in the understanding of scientists is:

2) ways of interaction and forms of bringing people together

3) part of wildlife, subject to its laws

4) the material world as a whole

3. Are the following judgments about society correct?

A. Society is a system consisting of interrelated and interacting elements.

B. Society is a dynamic system in which new elements and connections between them constantly arise and old elements die off.

1) only A is true

2) only B is true

3) both statements are correct

4) both judgments are wrong

4. Unlike nature, society

1) is a system 3) acts as a creator of culture

2) is in development 4) develops according to its own laws

5. The emergence of private ownership of the means of production has led to increased stratification of society. The connection of what aspects of the life of society was manifested in this phenomenon?

1)production, distribution, consumption and spiritual sphere

2)economics and politics

3) economics and social relations

4) economy and culture

6. Which of the following refers to the global problems of our time?

1) the formation of a socially oriented economy

2) the revival of cultural and moral values

3) the gap in the level of development between the regions of the planet

4) development of international cooperation

7. Are the following judgments about society correct?

A. Among the subsystems and elements of society are social institutions.

B. Not all elements of social life are subject to change.

1) only A is true

2) only B is true

3) both statements are correct

4) both judgments are wrong

8. Which of the above features characterizes an industrial society?

1) the leading role of agriculture 3) a weak level of division of labor

2) the predominance of industry 4) the decisive importance of the service sector in the economy

9. Which of the features is inherent in a traditional society?

1) intensive development of infrastructure 3) the predominance of the patriarchal type of family

2) computerization of industry 4) the secular nature of culture

10. The transition to a post-industrial society is characterized by

1) the formation of a market economy 3) the development of mass media

2) restriction of social mobility 4) organization of factory production

11. A characteristic feature of Western civilization is:

1) low social mobility

2) long-term preservation of traditional legal norms

3) active introduction of new technologies

4) weakness and underdevelopment of democratic values

12. Are the following judgments about the process of globalization correct?

A. All global processes are the result of increased international contacts.

B. The development of mass communication makes the modern world whole.

1) only A is true 2) only B is true 3) both judgments are true 4) both judgments are wrong

13. Country A. with a population of 25 million people is located in the Northern Hemisphere. What additional information will make it possible to judge whether A. belongs to post-industrial societies?

1) The country has a multi-confessional composition of the population.

2) The country has an extensive network of rail transport.

3) Society is managed by means of computer networks.

4) Traditional family values ​​are promoted in the media.

14. A characteristic feature of evolution as a form of social development is:

1) the revolutionary nature of change 3) violent methods

2) spasmodic 4) gradual

Q. 1 Read the text below with a number of words missing.

Western civilization is called ____(1). The production that has developed in the European region _____ (2) required the utmost exertion of the physical and intellectual forces of society, the constant improvement of labor tools and methods of influencing nature. In this regard, a new system of values ​​has been formed: active creative, ______ (3) human activity is coming to the fore.

Unconditional value has acquired _______ (4) knowledge that expands the intellectual powers of a person, his inventive capabilities. Western civilization has put forward _____(5) individuals and ______(6) property as the most important values. The main regulator of social relations are _____(7).

Choose from the proposed list of words to be inserted in place of spaces.

a) private

b) collective

c) legal norms

d) industrial

e) adaptable

g) scientific

h) transforming

i) freedom

j) religious

2. Find in the list the features of society as a dynamic system and circle the numbers under which they are indicated.

1) isolation from nature

2) lack of interconnection of subsystems and public institutions

3) the ability for self-organization and self-development

4) isolation from the material world

5) constant change

6) the possibility of degradation of individual elements

C1. What is the meaning of social scientists in the concept of "civilization"? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, make two sentences containing information about civilization.

C2. Use three examples to describe the advantages of the formational approach.

C3. Read the text and do the tasks for it.

Gaining more and more strength, civilization often showed a clear tendency to impose ideas with the help of missionary activities or direct violence coming from religious, in particular Christian, traditions ... So civilization steadily spread across the planet, using all possible ways and means for this - migration, colonization, conquest, trade, industrial development, financial control and cultural influence. Little by little, all countries and peoples began to live according to its laws or created them according to the model established by it ...

The development of civilization, however, was accompanied by the flowering of bright hopes and illusions that could not come true ... At the heart of her philosophy and her actions was always elitism. And the Earth, no matter how generous it may be, is still not able to accommodate an ever-growing population and satisfy its more and more new needs, desires and whims. That is why a new, deeper split has now emerged - between super-developed and underdeveloped countries. But even this rebellion of the world proletariat, which seeks to join the wealth of its more prosperous brethren, takes place within the framework of the same dominant civilization ... It is unlikely that it will be able to withstand this new test, especially now, when its own organism is torn apart by numerous ailments. NTR, on the other hand, is becoming more and more obstinate, and it is becoming more and more difficult to pacify it. Having endowed us with unprecedented strength and instilled a taste for a level of life that we did not even think about, NTR sometimes does not give us the wisdom to keep our abilities and demands under control. And it is time for our generation, finally, to understand that now it depends only on us ... the fate of not individual countries and regions, but of all mankind as a whole.

A. Peccei

1) What global problems of modern society does the author highlight? List two or three issues.

2) What does the author mean when he says: “Having endowed us with unprecedented strength and instilled a taste for a level of life that we did not even think about, the scientific and technological revolution does not sometimes give us the wisdom to keep our abilities and demands under control”? Make two guesses.

3) Illustrate with examples (at least three) the author's statement: "The development of civilization ... was accompanied by the flowering of bright hopes and illusions that could not be realized."

4) Is it possible, in your opinion, to overcome the contrast between rich and poor countries in the foreseeable future. Justify the answer.

C4 * Society is a set of stones that would collapse if one did not support the other ”(Seneca)

Section 1. Social science. Society. Man - 18 hours.

Topic 1. Social science as a body of knowledge about society - 2 hours.

General definition of the concept of society. The essence of society. Characteristics of social relations. Human society (man) and the animal world (animal): distinctive characteristics. The main social phenomena of human life: communication, knowledge, work. Society as a complex dynamic system.

General definition of the concept of society.

In a broad sense society - it is a part of the material world isolated from nature, but closely connected with it, which consists of individuals with will and consciousness, and includes ways of interacting people and forms of their unification.

In a narrow sense society can be understood as a certain group of people united for communication and joint performance of any activity, as well as a specific stage in the historical development of a people or country.

The Essence of Society is that in the course of his life, each person interacts with other people. Such diverse forms of human interaction, as well as connections that arise between different social groups (or within them), are commonly called public relations.

Characteristics of social relations.

All social relations can be conditionally divided into three large groups:

1. interpersonal (socio-psychological), by which is understood relationships between individuals. At the same time, individuals, as a rule, belong to different social strata, have different cultural and educational levels, but they are united by common needs and interests in the sphere of leisure or everyday life. The well-known sociologist Pitirim Sorokin identified the following types interpersonal interaction:

a) between two individuals (husband and wife, teacher and student, two comrades);

b) between three individuals (father, mother, child);

c) between four, five or more people (the singer and his listeners);

d) between many and many people (members of an unorganized crowd).

Interpersonal relations arise and are realized in society and are social relations even if they are in the nature of purely individual communication. They act as a personified form of social relations.

2. material (socio-economic), which arise and take shape directly in the course of a person's practical activity, outside the consciousness of a person and independently of him. They are divided into production, environmental and office relations.

3. spiritual (or ideal), which are formed, preliminary “passing through the consciousness” of people, are determined by their values ​​that are significant for them. They are divided into moral, political, legal, artistic, philosophical and religious social relations.

The main social phenomena of human life:

1. Communication (mostly emotions are involved, pleasant / unpleasant, I want);

2. Cognition (mostly intellect involved, true/false, I can);

3. Labor (mainly the will is involved, it is necessary / not necessary, must).

Human society (man) and the animal world (animal): distinctive characteristics.

1. Consciousness and self-consciousness. 2. Word (2nd signal system). 3. Religion.

Society as a complex dynamic system.

In philosophical science, society is characterized as a dynamic self-developing system, that is, such a system that is capable of seriously changing, at the same time retaining its essence and qualitative certainty. The system is understood as a complex of interacting elements. In turn, an element is some further indecomposable component of the system that is directly involved in its creation.

To analyze complex systems, like the one that society represents, scientists have developed the concept of "subsystem". Subsystems are called "intermediate" complexes, more complex than the elements, but less complex than the system itself.

1) economic, the elements of which are material production and relations that arise between people in the process of production of material goods, their exchange and distribution;

2) socio-political, consisting of such structural formations as classes, social strata, nations, taken in their relationship and interaction with each other, manifested in such phenomena as politics, state, law, their correlation and functioning;

3) spiritual, covering various forms and levels of social consciousness, which, being embodied in the real process of the life of society, form what is commonly called spiritual culture.

In accordance with the point of view widespread among sociologists, society is a complex dynamic system. What does this definition mean? What characterizes society as a dynamic system?

• study of the term "dynamic system";
• study of practical examples reflecting the legitimacy of the considered definition of society.

Let's study them in more detail.

What does the term "dynamic system" mean?

Dynamic, or dynamic system, is originally a mathematical term. In accordance with the widespread theory within the framework of this exact science, it is commonly understood as a set of elements whose position in the phase space changes over time.

Translated into the language of sociology, this can mean that society as a dynamic system is a set of subjects (people, communities, institutions), whose status (type of activity) in the social environment changes over time. How valid is this statement?

In general, it fully reflects social reality. Each person acquires new statuses over time - in the course of education, socialization, by virtue of achieving legal personality, personal success in business, etc.

Communities and institutions also change, adapting to the social environment in which they develop. Thus, state power can be characterized by a greater or lesser level of political competition, depending on the specific conditions of the country's development.

The term in question contains the word "system". First of all, it assumes that the corresponding elements, characterized by dynamic features, play a stable role. So, a person in society has civil rights and obligations, and the state is responsible for solving problems "at the macro level" - such as protecting borders, managing the economy, developing and enforcing laws, etc.

There are other important features of the system. In particular, it is self-sufficiency, a kind of sovereignty. With regard to society, it is able to express itself in the presence of all the institutions necessary for its functioning: law, state power, religion, family, production.

The system, as a rule, is characterized by such a property as self-control. If we talk about society, these can be mechanisms that ensure the effective regulation of certain social processes. Their development is carried out at the level of the noted institutions - in fact, this is their main role.

The next indicator of consistency is the interaction of some of its constituent elements with others. Thus, a person communicates with society, institutions, and individuals. If this does not happen, then the society is simply not formed.

It can be concluded that society as a dynamic system is characterized by the following main properties:

• there is a change in the status of its constituent elements over time;
• there is sovereignty, realized due to the presence of formed key social institutions;
• self-governance is realized, thanks to the activities of social institutions;
• there is a constant interaction of the elements that make up society.

Let us now consider how the dynamism of society can be traced through practical examples.

The dynamism of society: practical examples

Above, we noted that a person is able to change, mastering new knowledge and skills, or, for example, achieving success in business. Thus, we have identified one of the practical examples of dynamism in society. In this case, the corresponding property characterizes a person as an element of society. It becomes a dynamic subject. Similarly, we cited as an example the changes that characterize the activities of state power. The subjects of political management are also dynamic.

Societal institutions may also change. Among the most revealing areas, which are characterized by a very intense dynamism, is law. Laws are constantly being corrected, supplemented, repealed, returned. It would seem that such a conservative institution as the family should not change much - but this is also happening. Polygamy, which has existed for centuries in the East, may be significantly influenced by Western monogamous traditions and become an exception to the rule in those countries where it is traditionally perceived as part of the cultural code.

The sovereignty of society, as we noted above, is formed as key social institutions are formed. In addition, as soon as they appeared, dynamism begins to acquire a system.

A person gets the opportunity to change, acting independently of people belonging to other societies. The state can adjust the mechanisms of organizing political management without consulting, relatively speaking, with the metropolis and other entities that can potentially influence the adoption of certain decisions by the authorities. The country's legal system may begin to regulate certain social relations based on their local specifics, and not under the influence of foreign trends.

It's one thing to have sovereignty. Another thing is to use it effectively. State, legal, public institutions must function correctly - only in this way will sovereignty be real, and not formal. And only under this condition, society as a dynamic system will acquire a fully systemic character.

The criteria for the quality of the work of the relevant elements of society can be very different.

So, as for the institution of law, it should be characterized by: relevance (laws should not lag behind current social processes), universal validity (equality of citizens before legislative provisions), transparency (people need to understand how certain norms are adopted, and, if possible, - participate in the legislative process).

The institution of the family should function in the interests of at least the majority of people who make up society, and ideally, all citizens. Moreover, if the dissimilarity of certain guidelines is assumed - for example, monogamy and polygamy, then other social institutions (law, state) should contribute to the peaceful coexistence of people who consider themselves adherents of the relevant principles.

And this shows the mutual influence of the elements that form society. Many of the subjects cannot play their role in society without interacting with others. Key public institutions are always interconnected. State and law are elements that constantly carry out communications.

Man also acts as a social subject. If only because he communicates with other people. Even if it seems to him that he does not do this, some derivatives of personal communications will be used. For example, living on an uninhabited island and reading a book, a person, perhaps without knowing it, "communicates" with its author, accepting his thoughts and ideas - literally or through artistic images.

The concept of society covers all spheres of human life, relationships and relationships. At the same time, society does not stand still, it is subject to constant changes and development. We learn briefly about society - a complex, dynamically developing system.

Society features

Society as a complex system has its own characteristics that distinguish it from other systems. Consider the identified by different sciences traits :

• complex, multi-layered

The society includes different subsystems, elements. It can include various social groups, both small ones - the family, and large ones - the class, the nation.

Public subsystems are the main areas: economic, social, political, spiritual. Each of them is also a kind of system with many elements. So, we can say that there is a hierarchy of systems, that is, society is divided into elements, which, in turn, also include several components.

• the presence of different quality elements: material (technology, facilities) and spiritual, ideal (ideas, values)

For example, the economic sphere includes transport, facilities, materials for the manufacture of goods, and knowledge, norms, and rules in force in the sphere of production.

• main element is man

Man is a universal element of all social systems, since he is included in each of them, and without him their existence is impossible.

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• constant change, transformation

Of course, at different times the rate of change changed: the established order could be maintained for a long time, but there were also periods when there were rapid qualitative changes in social life, for example, during revolutions. This is the main difference between society and nature.

• order

All components of society have their own position and certain connections with other elements. That is, society is an ordered system in which there are many interconnected parts. Elements may disappear, new ones appear instead, but in general the system continues to function in a certain order.

• self-sufficiency

Society as a whole is capable of producing everything necessary for its existence, therefore each element plays its role and cannot exist without others.

• self-management

Society organizes management, creates institutions to coordinate the actions of different elements of society, that is, creates a system in which all parts can interact. The organization of the activities of each individual and groups of people, as well as the exercise of control, is a feature of society.

Social institutions

The idea of ​​a society cannot be complete without knowledge of its basic institutions.

Social institutions are understood as such forms of organizing the joint activities of people that have developed as a result of historical development and are regulated by the norms established in society. They bring together large groups of people engaged in some kind of activity.

The activity of social institutions is aimed at meeting the needs. For example, people's need to procreate gave rise to the institution of family and marriage, the need to gain knowledge - the institution of education and science. Average rating: 4.3. Total ratings received: 204.