How does diathesis manifest itself? What does allergic diathesis look like and how to treat it. Causes of disease in infants

Unfortunately, even those newborns who are breastfed often have allergic reactions. What can we say about those crumbs that receive artificial nutrition! The most common types of diathesis in children are exudative (atopic dermatitis), neuro-arthritic and lymphatic-hypoplastic. Each of them has its own treatment.

Speaking about what diathesis are in children, it is first of all worth describing exudative (atopic dermatitis). Manifestations of exudative diathesis in the form of damage to the skin and mucous membranes of varying degrees have more than half of the babies in the first year of life. Currently, the term "exudative diathesis" in children has been replaced by a new name - atopic dermatitis, but the essence of the disease has not changed from the renaming.

Allergies are the main cause of atopic dermatitis in children. In some children, diathesis is intermittent and short-term, while in others it grows with them, transforming in the future into numerous allergic diseases.

Children who suffer the most from atopic dermatitis are artificial children. Everything is explained quite simply. The barrier function of the intestines and liver in infants is significantly reduced due to anatomical and physiological characteristics. Therefore, the intestinal wall is very permeable for large molecules that have not had time to split, playing the role of allergens, and freely passes them into the bloodstream. A liver with a weakly expressed neutralizing ability is not able to cope with aggressive molecules, and they quietly circulate in the body, causing allergic reactions.

The list of allergenic products can be continued indefinitely, since each individual child has "his" specific "enemies". But the most dangerous products that cause clinical manifestations of exudative diathesis in most children are cow's milk, eggs, chocolate, citrus fruits, nuts, strawberries, and fish. Children who receive mother's breasts are reliably protected from diathesis, but in some cases, manifestations of diathesis appear in them when the mother consumes allergenic products.

Symptoms of atopic dermatitis in children can appear already in the first days after birth in the form of yellowish scales on the head and diaper rash in the skin folds.

As can be seen in the photo, exudative diathesis in children most often manifests itself in the form of redness and peeling of the cheeks (the so-called "milk scab"):

With atopic dermatitis, the infant tolerates the diathesis “blush” quite calmly, but sometimes itchy cheeks annoy him, and he is able to comb them. Properly adjusted nutrition can cope with diathesis, and the skin is completely cleansed. There may be exacerbations of the process that occur when the diet is violated, under the influence of preventive vaccination, with the development of dysbacteriosis, with any disease.

A strongly pronounced process becomes a real disaster for the baby and the whole family.

Look at the photo - with atopic dermatitis in children, extensive reddened areas with multiple vesicles appear on the skin, which burst and merge with each other, forming weeping surfaces, covered with crusts, often with the addition of a secondary purulent infection:

The child becomes restless and irritable, and constant skin itching makes sleep superficial and intermittent. Appetite suffers: sometimes it decreases, but more often it rises, and the child becomes full, friable, and in the fat folds, the manifestations of diathesis find the most favorable conditions for themselves. Often there is an unstable stool associated with changes in the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract, enzymatic deficiency and impaired absorption of nutrients.

You can see how the manifestations of this type of diathesis in children look like in the photo below:

Children with exudative diathesis are prone to respiratory infections, often with obstructive syndrome (bronchospasm), stenosis of the larynx (false croup), conjunctivitis, dysbacteriosis, intestinal infections.

In recent years, an extraordinary surge of allergic diseases has been observed all over the world, including manifestations of exudative diathesis in children of the first year of life. Therefore, doctors strongly urge young women to take care of the prevention of exudative diathesis in a child during pregnancy and exclude allergenic foods from their diet. The same requirements apply to a nursing mother, and the “artist” should choose an adapted mixture that does not cause him allergies. It's easy to say "pick up". In fact, this process is long, nervous and expensive, since each pack of the mixture after an unsuccessful trial portion becomes unnecessary, undermining the family budget and forcing the purchase of the next one.

How to treat atopic dermatitis in an infant: drugs for the treatment of children

Treatment of atopic dermatitis in children is not only diet therapy.

It is very important to introduce a sufficient amount of vitamins into the body:

vitamin B6 - 50-75 mg per day;
vitamin A - 5-7-10 thousand IU per day for 3 weeks;
vitamin E - 25-30 mg per day;
calcium pantothenate (vitamin B5) - 100 mg per day;
calcium pangamate (vitamin B15) - 50-100 mg per day.

Effective drugs for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children with an exacerbation of the process due to a clear violation of the diet are adsorbents for binding allergens in the gastrointestinal tract and removing them from the body: activated carbon, smecta, polyphepan, polysorb, enterosgel.

Before treating atopic dermatitis in a child, be sure to consult an allergist. It is known that exudative diathesis and food allergies go hand in hand with dysbacteriosis. Therefore, the complex treatment of atopic dermatitis in children includes drugs that improve the state of the intestinal microflora: lactobacterin, bifidumbacterin, euflorin, linex, etc. in courses of 10 days.

Of great importance is the use of antihistamines (suprastin, tavegil, claritin, fenistil, zirtek), courses of 7-10 days and trace elements (calcium, phosphorus, zinc, magnesium).

How to help a child with atopic dermatitis: the best treatments

Damaged skin needs increased attention and careful care. To help a child with atopic dermatitis, clothing should only be made of cotton fabrics. Don't wrap the baby! Increased sweating increases itching and leads to an exacerbation of the process. Avoid using soaps and detergents that degrease the skin. When bathing a child, use herbal decoctions (string, celandine, chamomile). Wash linen only with baby soap and rinse thoroughly. In many children, the manifestations of exudative diathesis are aggravated by the use of disposable diapers. We'll have to abandon them and switch to gauze. But the oilcloth, placed under the sheet, contributes to the aggravation of the process. In this case, use disposable cotton diapers with increased absorbency. They will save the crib and upholstered furniture from "flooding".

A good therapeutic effect has a stay in the gentle sun (do not abuse it!) And bathing in sea water (you can in a bath with the addition of sea salt).

With extensive weeping areas, lotions are used with a 2% solution of tannin, a 0.25% solution of zinc sulfate, a 5% solution of Burov's liquid, decoctions of plantain, chamomile. Such a treatment for atopic dermatitis in children as Calamine lotion, which has a drying, soothing, antipruritic, anti-inflammatory effect, has proven itself very well. After you have coped with weeping, you can apply ointments: naftalan, intal, indomethacin.

Do not get carried away with hormonal ointments! Their prolonged use can cause dystrophic changes in the skin. With severe itching, infusions of valerian, mint leaves, dill seeds, decoctions of string, nettle, plantain (inside) are used.

For the treatment of secondary infection, a 1-2% solution of brilliant green, a 0.5-1% solution of methylene blue, a solution of potassium permanganate 1:5000, and heliomycin ointment are used.

The best measure for the prevention and treatment of exudative diathesis is prolonged breastfeeding and the creation of a hypoallergenic environment in the apartment.

Think about whether the presence of a four-legged (cat, dog), flying (parrot, canary) or swimming (fish) pet in the house is not a provoking factor.

Lymphatic-hypoplastic diathesis in children: symptoms and treatment

Such an anomaly of the constitution as lymphatic-hypoplastic diathesis in children is characterized by persistent enlargement of the lymph nodes, proliferation of lymphoid tissue (adenoids, tonsils), overweight and frequent diseases.

About 10% of children in the first year of life have pronounced manifestations of lymphatic-hypoplastic diathesis.

These children are usually pale, friable, emotionally sluggish, apathetic, lagging behind their peers in physical development, since the muscles are poorly developed, their tone is lowered, and the skin is flabby, folded. The growth of lymphoid tissue in the nasopharynx leads to an increase in the tonsils and the growth of adenoids, which is manifested by a violation of nasal breathing, frequent runny noses and a deterioration in cerebral blood supply. And this, in turn, leads to a decrease in efficiency, a decrease in memory, and a dispersion of attention. Therefore, do not be surprised if the kindergarten teacher says that your child is inattentive in the classroom, is distracted by extraneous matters, and does not learn the material well. Take measures to improve, do not transfer the problem from kindergarten to school.

In the group of long-term and frequently ill children (DCHB) allocated by doctors, the bulk are children with lymphatic diathesis.

These children are most susceptible to frequent respiratory infections, adenoiditis, purulent otitis, lymphadenitis, chronic tonsillitis, tonsillitis, pyelonephritis. This is understandable, because the growth of lymphoid tissue in the nasopharynx creates the basis for the formation of a focus of chronic infection. From there, microbes penetrate through a wide and short auditory tube directly into the ears - here you have otitis media, or they spread throughout the body with blood flow, causing inflammation in distant organs (pyelonephritis).

The examination often reveals an increase in the thymus gland, functional changes in the cardiovascular system, skin manifestations similar to rashes with exudative diathesis, changes in clinical and biochemical blood tests.

The main points in the treatment of children with lymphatic diathesis are rational nutrition (breastfeeding!), adherence to the daily routine, hardening procedures, massage and gymnastics, sanitation of foci of chronic infection.

The child should receive sufficient doses of vitamins, trace elements and adaptogens that stimulate the body's defenses.

For the treatment of lymphatic-hypoplastic diathesis, from modern immunostimulants, immunal, bronchomunal, thymogen, viferon and others recommended by the doctor for a particular patient are used.

Nervous-arthritic diathesis in children: photos and symptoms

Such an anomaly of the constitution as neuro-arthritic diathesis in children has as its main distinguishing feature increased nervous excitability, which is noted in children almost from birth and does not decrease as they grow older.

In mental development, they are far ahead of their peers: they start speaking early, learn to read on their own, have a good memory, easily memorize a long poem and are able to retell the content of any book or TV show in their own words. They are curious and enjoy learning. The people around them consider them geeks and predict a great future for them.

And only parents know how much patience and endurance is required to communicate with such a child, who has an unbalanced and excitable nervous system. It is characterized by emotional instability, easy transition from laughter to tears and vice versa. He is not alien to nightmares and fear of the dark. Strong external stimuli (loud sound, bright flash of light, dog barking, pungent smell) can provoke a nervous tic or convulsive contractions of the muscles of the limbs in such a child. He does not tolerate many foods, and in general any food disgusts him. Parents take him to the doctors to somehow improve his appetite, but anorexia is persistent and cannot be treated.

As can be seen in the photo, children with neuro-arthritic diathesis have a low body weight, look slender and graceful:

Only a small part of children has a tendency to be overweight from an early age, and girls begin to gain weight dramatically, entering puberty.

A child with neuro-arthritic diathesis is capricious, stubborn, strives to insist on his own and achieve his demands at any cost. Often complains of malaise and fatigue. The most common symptoms of neuro-arthritic diathesis are nausea, pain in the abdomen, in the muscles of the limbs, severe migraine headaches, skin rashes in the form of urticaria, an allergic reaction to mosquito bites, and an obsessive unproductive cough. Also, a characteristic symptom of neuro-arthritic diathesis in children is an acetone crisis (acetone vomiting), indicating a violation of metabolic processes in the body. Suddenly or after a short malaise, pain in the abdomen without a specific localization, nausea and uncontrollable vomiting, leading to severe weakness and dehydration, appear. The smell of acetone (rotten apples) appears from the child's mouth, indicating a violation of the acid-base balance towards acidosis.

These photos show signs of neuro-arthritic diathesis in young children:

The development of the crisis is facilitated by acute illnesses, nervous stress, force-feeding, violation of the diet (consumption of legumes, tomatoes, chocolate, coffee, cocoa).

Children with neuro-arthritic diathesis require a delicate and careful attitude, the exclusion of intense mental stress and violent influences (compulsions, orders). It is necessary to create a friendly atmosphere in the family, excluding showdown and conversations in raised tones. It is desirable to create a daily routine that alternates periods of work and rest, mental and physical activities, including daily walks and physical education.

Treatment of neuro-arthritic diathesis in children, diet and nutrition

Great importance in the treatment of neuro-arthritic diathesis in children is given to dietary nutrition, aimed at preventing acetonemic crises. The diet of a child with neuro-arthritic diathesis should be dominated by dairy products, vegetables, fruits and cereals. Introduce meat, poultry and fish into the diet 2-3 times a week in the form of boiled or stewed dishes.

Exclude strong broths, meat of young animals (veal, chickens), sausages, mushrooms, some vegetables (spinach, sorrel, asparagus, cauliflower, legumes, parsley), strong tea, coffee, cocoa, chocolate.

With the development of an acetone crisis, without waiting for the arrival of a doctor, start the fight against acidosis and dehydration, that is, give the child alkaline drinks: rehydron, glucosolan, oralit, alkaline mineral water, 0.5-1% solution of baking soda. Drinking water has its own characteristics: in small portions (so as not to provoke vomiting), but often. In the treatment of neuro-arthritic diathesis, cleansing enemas are useful, which accelerate the excretion of ketone bodies from the body. For the same purpose, the intake of enterosorbents (activated carbon, polyphepan, enterosgel, smecta) is indicated.

Children should periodically receive treatment with vitamins (calcium pantothenate, B), drugs that stimulate metabolic processes (potassium orotate) and protect the liver (Essentiale, LIV-52, etc.).

Diathesis (allergic dermatitis, the child's tendency to various allergic diseases) in the form of bright red cheeks in babies manifests itself most often from one to three years. In this case, such symptoms may occur in a baby who previously had no problems with digestion, allergies, or skin. Such spots appear quite crowded, in most cases they are located on the cheeks, but they can also pass to the neck, chest, inner surfaces of the elbows.

The child becomes irritable, constantly wants to scratch itchy cheeks, from which the itching only increases, and the cheeks are combed to wounds. In the future, such diathesis spots become covered with a crust, peel off at the edges, and can get wet. The child's stool is disturbed, constipation or diarrhea appears, the baby complains of a sore throat or cough.

Causes of diathesis

There are many causes of diathesis, occurring both in the prenatal period and at birth. These include:

Hereditary factors and predisposition to skin and immune diseases.
The use of drugs during pregnancy.
Environment with harmful impurities from industrial production, gas pollution, dust.
Early introduction of complementary foods.
Infections. Expressed in bacterial and viral effects.
Violation of the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract.
Disruption of the digestive system.
Broken sleep pattern.

Pay close attention to your child's diet. If you need to make a menu, consult a doctor. Independent experiments with the child's body will only worsen the condition of the baby.

Improper nutrition of the mother during pregnancy and breastfeeding are common causes of diathesis. The consumption of egg and milk proteins, citrus fruits, caviar, canned food, berries and honey cause an allergic reaction even in adults. Rarely, but there is an allergy due to natural breast milk, and the treatment of diathesis in children under one year old is more difficult than in older adults.

Kinds

Depending on the individual characteristics of the organism and some external factors, diathesis can be different. In medical practice, the following types of childhood diseases can be diagnosed:

Exudative catarrhal or allergic diathesis. The most common type is allergic, it occurs in infants aged 3-6 months and can disappear under favorable conditions by 1-1.5 years without a trace or develop into a chronic form of allergy.
Hemorrhagic. Hemorrhagic diathesis in children is a clinical and hematological syndrome that includes a whole group of acquired and hereditary diseases. A common feature is a severe and rather dangerous predisposition of a small organism to bleeding. Any violation of the vascular wall can lead to severe external or internal bleeding.
neuro-arthritic. The phenomenon is quite rare, but it is a serious disease. The reason for its development is a violation of protein metabolism, genetically determined. An increased amount of uric acid is deposited in the joints in the form of crystals. Therefore, this form of childhood diathesis is practically not amenable to correction and persists throughout life. So the treatment of diathesis in infants and older children in this case is aimed at maintaining the general condition of the baby.
Exudative. Exudative diathesis in medical practice is also called atopic dermatitis. This is not so much an independent disease as a constitutional feature of the child. It is based on intolerance to certain foodstuffs, due to which various disturbances in water and fat metabolism occur. Allergies can be caused by cow's milk, honey, egg white, chocolate, citrus fruits, cocoa, strawberries, and other products. Another name for the disease is exudative-catarrhal diathesis.
Uric acid. A disease characterized by a metabolic disorder in the process of formation and filtration of urine. In this state, salts in the form of sand precipitate a red hue, and then crystallize. The consequence is urolithiasis. The analyzes reveal serious violations of the qualitative composition of children's urine, as well as its daily amount. Indicators such as acidity and density change: they increase.

Each of the varieties has a certain set of characteristics, differs in its genesis and treatment. Diathesis is always especially difficult in children under one year old, which disrupts the normal life of the baby. The causes of the disease can be a variety of factors - due not only to the internal characteristics of the body, but also to external circumstances.

Symptoms and signs of diathesis, photo

What does diathesis look like in a child (see photo)? Recognizing the disease is easy:

cheeks redden, peel off;
weeping areas appear in many places;
spots become bright red, covered with well-aimed bubbles;
rashes itch;
red spots appear on the legs, buttocks, elbows
mucous membranes become inflamed;
the crown is covered with scales of a grayish hue;
seborrheic crusts form on the head;
diaper rash last a long time, are difficult to treat.

Most cases of diathesis were recorded in infants and in children under one year old. An allergic reaction develops in the first months of life due to the imperfection of many body systems.

In children aged 2–12 years, the disease can progress to adolescence. Symptoms of diathesis in children:

after contact with the allergen, rashes appear on the skin;
some parts of the body turn red;
itching occurs;
the child sweats for no reason.

After 15 years of manifestation disappears. If this does not happen, neurodermatitis develops. Symptoms:

dry, hard skin in the perineum, on the elbows, hips, and other parts of the body;
manifestations of neurodermatitis are aggravated under the influence of provoking factors.

In some cases, the tendency to allergies is inherited.

How to treat diathesis in a child?

Each type of diathesis needs etiological treatment. Let's take a closer look at how to cure different types of anomalies.

Treatment of exudative-catarrhal diathesis

This type of pathology can be cured only in a complex way. First of all, you need to follow the daily routine and diet.

Diet means:

Restriction of cow's milk. It is better to partially replace mixtures with fermented milk products.
Compliance with a strict feeding schedule.
The introduction of complementary foods in infants not earlier than 6 months.
Enrichment of the diet with vitamins;
Exclusion of fatty meats, broths, citrus fruits, bananas, strawberries, honey, tomatoes, nuts, cocoa, chocolate, smoked meats.

Medical treatment:

In severe cases, Histoglobulin is prescribed, after a preliminary test.
Antihistamines: Fenistil, Zyrtec, Suprastin.
Absorbents - Enterosgel, Smecta.
Phenobarbital, Barbamil, Valerian are used to improve sleep and reduce itching.
Salts of calcium.
Vitamin therapy: Thiamine bromide and chloride, Retinol acetate, Calcium pangamate, Ascorbic acid, Pyridoxine hydrochloride, Rutin, Riboflavin.
In case of infectious inflammation of the skin, antibiotics are prescribed - Ampiox, Gentamicin;
With lethargy, adynamia, Thyreoidin is used.
For constipation - Dufalac, systemic intake of magnesium sulfate inside.

You can smear the affected areas of the skin on the priest, cheeks with such diathesis remedies:

Pasta Lassara.
Silver nitrate.
Chamomile infusion or boric alcohol solution.
Talkers with talc, zinc.
When skin is infected, brilliant green, iodine, Castellani paint, geolimycin ointment are used.

With diathesis, accompanied by severe itching and severe dermatitis, hormonal ointments are indicated:

Dermozolon, Oxycort;
Flucinar;
Prednisolone ointment.

In addition, from diathesis, you can use ointments and creams that have a drying and anti-allergic effect:

Sudocrem;
Fenistil;
Advantan;
Zinc ointment;

With severe lesions of the child's skin, you can bathe in a bath with decoctions of herbs of violets, succession, chamomile, oak bark. After the bath, the baby's body is treated with sour powder.

Nervous-arthritic diathesis

With neuro-arthritic diathesis, it is important to follow a diet. What can you feed your baby:

fruits vegetables;
rye flour products;
cereals containing starch;
milk products.

Diet restrictions:

fats;
sweets;
mushrooms;
meat, including poultry;
nuts;
fish.

Complete rejection of such products:

cocoa, coffee;
offal;
chocolate;
carbonated drinks;
legumes;
rich broths.

At the heart of drug therapy are drugs that affect the synthesis of uric acid, its excretion and a decrease in the level of ketone bodies:

Allopurinol;
Urodan;
Etamide;
calcium pantothenate.

Cholagogues, sedatives, vitamins of group B are also used. With acetonemic vomiting, gastric lavage and a cleansing enema are necessary.

Treatment of lymphatic-hypoplastic diathesis

The treatment is based on measures to strengthen and stimulate the immune system:

massage;
gymnastics;
hardening.

Of the medicines used:

courses of adaptogens - Pentoxyl, Eleutherococcus;
vitamins;
with adrenal insufficiency - glucocorticoids.

How to treat hemorrhagic diathesis

Treatment includes:

vitamins;
glucocorticoids;
coagulation factors;
to stop bleeding: hemostatic sponge, pressure bandage, cold;
for resorption of subcutaneous hemorrhages - physiotherapy;
transfusion of blood or plasma.

Surgical treatment is carried out by removing the spleen, defective vessels, replacing the affected joints, puncturing the joints to remove hematomas.

Folk remedies

There are a large number of recipes used in the treatment of diathesis with folk remedies:

A decoction of crushed wheatgrass root: give the composition to the child several tablespoons a day.
Water infusion with burdock root. Daily use of 3-4 tbsp. per day will give results within the first weeks.
Bathing a child with the addition of a decoction of a string of chamomile. The procedure relieves irritation, itching, discomfort.
3 tbsp Viburnum bark is poured with 2 cups of boiling water and boiled for half an hour. One teaspoon a day is enough for a quick cure.
The shell of an egg boiled and washed with soda dries for 2-3 days. After it is crushed to add to the usual food. The discomfort caused by diathesis disappears.

Baby care

As a rule, the tendency to allergies is not limited to skin manifestations, and over time the child becomes more sensitive to other potential allergens. To reduce the risk of sensitization of the child's body, perform a number of basic measures:

Use clothes only from natural fabrics.
Wash baby clothes and diapers, as well as your own home clothes, with special baby powder or baby soap, and then iron them (high temperatures destroy allergens).
Do not get pets, and if you already have one, avoid contact between the animal and the child. The animal should not enter the room where the baby sleeps.
Do not give your baby soft toys, but check hard toys made of plastic and rubber for a quality certificate.
Try to do daily wet cleaning at least in the baby's room.
Minimize the number of "dust collectors" (upholstered furniture, carpets, books and clothes in open closets, etc.) in the baby's room.
To care for the skin and hair of a child, use special medical children's cosmetics. It is not necessary to purchase expensive brands, but it should be precisely medical cosmetics (the Emolium, Lipikar lines, creams such as Bepanten, Skin-cap, Topikrem). Special products gently moisturize the skin without causing irritation and allergic reactions.

If a child is ill, do not give him medicines without a doctor's prescription - many preparations contain allergenic flavors and dyes.

Diathesis is nothing more than allergic dermatitis. This is a condition inherited by the child from the parents. Diathesis in fact is not a disease, but contributes to the emergence and more severe course of diseases.

In addition to allergic (it is also called exudative-catarrhal) dermatitis, lymphatic-hypoplastic and neuro-arthritic types of constitutional anomalies are common in children.

Causes of disease in infants

The greatest role in the development of allergic dermatitis in children is played by heredity. In children with a burdened family history of allergies, as a rule, a high level of immunoglobulin E or excessive secretion of histamine is determined. This manifests itself as a tendency to allergic reactions.

The conditions of intrauterine development of the fetus can also result in diathesis in a newborn child:

infectious diseases of the mother during pregnancy;
smoking;
alcoholism;
fetal hypoxia;
toxicosis of pregnant women.

Outside the mother's body, irrational feeding of a child (high-carbohydrate, fatty foods) can provoke a tendency to diathesis. food), infectious diseases in the neonatal period, the use of drugs.

Clinically manifest the disease, provoke its external manifestations can: the use of cow's milk protein, eggs, citrus fruits, strawberries, sugar, confectionery products for food by both the child and the mother. A woman who is breastfeeding must follow a strict diet and eliminate many foods from her diet.

Symptoms of the disease

Symptoms of allergic dermatitis in newborns may be as follows:

Redness on the cheeks and neck;
Dryness and peeling, especially after bathing;
Small pimples on cheeks, forehead with serous fluid.

Effective treatments on the road to recovery

It is impossible to cure diathesis in a newborn baby, because it is not a disease. The treatment of this condition refers to measures that will help in the prevention of this problem or reduce the symptoms.

Diet of a newborn baby and nursing mother

Rational nutrition of the child and his mother can often prevent the occurrence of allergic dermatitis or minimize its manifestations. The best choice of food for a newborn baby is the mother's breast milk. If for some reason it is impossible to breastfeed a baby, then a milk formula is recommended as a food for a child up to six months, as close as possible in composition to breast milk.

For feeding an allergic child, it is worth choosing hypoallergenic mixture. There are fermented milk mixtures, they contain already split protein molecules and are easier to digest. Other products can aggravate the condition of the baby and provoke severe allergies.

Cow's milk contains crude animal protein that a newborn's body cannot fully digest. The remains of undigested protein are perceived by immune cells as enemy agents and are attacked. Such an atypical reaction is an allergy. Other products (broths, sugar solution, goat's milk, semolina) can also cause severe allergic reactions.

All the nutrition of a nursing mother will certainly affect her child through breast milk. Therefore, a special diet is shown to the mother, containing a sufficient amount of meat, but excluding food allergens, canned food, dyes, and flavorings.

Preparations

To eliminate the symptoms of atopic dermatitis in newborns, medications prescribed by a pediatrician are used; in a particularly difficult variant of the course, consultation with an allergoimmunologist is required. Creams, ointments and gels are used, lotions are prescribed.

Some of the effective drugs are:

Cream or ointment Bepanthen. Contains in its composition dexpanthenol, which promotes wound healing and restoration of the epithelium; skin antiseptic chlorhexidine, which disinfects wounds and cracks on the skin. It is applied in a thin layer to the affected areas of the skin 3-4 times a day until the symptoms disappear.
Ointment or cream Irikar. Homeopathic remedy for the treatment of allergic dermatitis. It is applied to the problem area 3 times a day, easily rubbed into the skin. Approved for long-term use.
Enterosorbents are a group of drugs that combines a number of drugs. These medicines, getting into the intestines, absorb toxins, harmful substances, bind them and bring them out. In children up to two months are acceptable for use Polysorb(taken in the amount of ½ teaspoon and starts up with 30-50 ml of water, depending on how much the child drinks. Give an hour before feeding 3-4 times a day), Activated carbon(½ tablet to be crushed with a little water and given between meals 3-4 times a day), Smecta(for a child up to two months: 2 sachets per day, diluted with a small amount of water, drink during the day).

Here are some reviews taken from numerous forums about these tools:

Tatyana, 25 years old.

I buy smecta only in finished form, as a suspension in bags, it does not need to be diluted. Helps with gastrointestinal problems.

Evgenia, 32 years old.

The cream is a must in our home first aid kit, we use it for many diseases, it is for all time.

Alena, 22 years old.

Olesya, 18 years old.

Folk remedies

There are many ways of alternative treatment, we will give an example of the most common:

Lotions from a decoction of a string. It should be remembered here that some varieties of string are poisonous and only pharmaceutical herbs should be used. Three tablespoons of herbs are poured into a glass of warm boiled water. Boil this mass in a water bath for 15 minutes. The resulting concentrated decoction on a cotton pad is applied to the affected areas of the skin.
Baths on a decoction of bay leaves. For 12 liters of boiled water put 6 bay leaves and one tablespoon of black tea. Take these baths for five days.
Adding decoctions and infusions to the bath chamomile, succession, oak bark, celandine.
decoction of oats. Grind two tablespoons of whole oat grains (not flakes) in a coffee grinder into a powder, pour boiling water over it. Infuse for three hours. The decoction is given filtered in a tablespoon once a day before meals.

We offer you to watch a video that tells the ways of treating diathesis in infants.

Prevention of diathesis in a child

To prevent the disease in the baby, the expectant mother needs to avoid infectious diseases during pregnancy. A newborn baby needs adequate feeding (suitable formula or breast milk) and complete hypoallergenic nutrition for a nursing mother.

If there is a hereditary predisposition to allergies, it is not recommended to keep pets and plants in the room with the child. The air in the room should have a temperature of no more than 25 ° C and a humidity of 50-70% - not hot, not dry. You should limit the contact of the baby's delicate skin with household chemicals, use an additional rinse for the baby's linen.

Both in the prevention and in the treatment of allergic dermatitis of the newborn, an integrated approach is needed, and then the baby will not be bothered by the allergy and its consequences.

There are few families who have not encountered the problem of allergic manifestations in their baby. There will always be a beloved relative who will offer a piece of orange, a spoonful of honey or an extra candy. In this case, the child's body may not always respond adequately. We will consider in detail in our article how to treat diathesis in a child, we will determine the causes, symptoms and types of this disease.

Food is the most common cause of allergic reactions in babies.

We guarantee that after reading the text below, you will find answers to all your questions.

Diathesis is a certain condition of the child's body, which is inherited and is characterized by a tendency to the manifestation of certain diseases, the basis of which are allergic reactions.

Diathesis in a child is a generalized concept and many young parents do not attach much importance to it or generally take it for a completely different disease. In reality, one should understand the allergic reaction of the child's body, which is the first sign that determines the tendency to more serious diseases, such as dermatitis, neurodermatitis and eczema.

Most young families with children from 3 months to 3 years old face this problem. Symptoms can appear over a long period and disappear in the shortest possible time even without special treatment. But you should not hope for such a rosy outcome, and at the first sign you should consult a doctor, because we are talking about the health of the smallest and most defenseless family member.

Causes and symptoms of diathesis in children

The causes of diathesis can be very diverse. Predisposition to allergic reactions can be formed both in the mother's womb and during the first months of a baby's life. The reason may be a violation of the diet of a pregnant woman or a nursing mother, eating foods such as honey, eggs, berries, oranges and other citrus fruits, canned and pickled foods or caviar. Also, the causes in children can be hereditary.

Polluted environment, dust, pets, as well as taking drugs that are not recommended during pregnancy or lactation can provoke the appearance of the disease in the crumbs.

Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that the root cause of the appearance of diathesis in children is malnutrition. Let's not neglect bacterial or viral infections, which in turn can also cause this unpleasant disease.

We bring to your attention a brief description of the ways in which allergens enter the child's body:

Through food. The most common reason that must be taken into account when introducing new components into the child's diet.
contact path. An allergic reaction can occur as a result of contact of children's skin with synthetic materials, wool, washing powder and other substances.
Air. This refers to dust, perfumes and deodorants used by parents, pet hair.

The use of perfumes by relatives and the use of allergenic products by a nursing mother are possible causes of diathesis in a child

Symptoms of diathesis in children are as follows:

Redness of the baby's skin
The appearance of itchy gray or brown scales
Crusts form on the head
Decreased skin elasticity
Decreased muscle tone
Gastrointestinal disorders are manifested in the form of diarrhea, vomiting, pain in the abdomen
Pallor
conjunctivitis
Possible complication in the form of bronchitis or laryngitis
Urine changes its composition
Girls may present with cystitis or vulvovaginitis

a) crusts on the head; b) redness of the skin

The above symptoms depress the immune system of the child's body, resulting in an increased risk of complications.

How to treat diathesis in a child

You can eliminate the consequences of the disease in a baby, first of all, by removing food from the diet, which, in your opinion, became the causes of an allergic reaction. Treatment in parallel is accompanied by procedures for the care of damaged skin.

Since the types of this disease are different, respectively, only a doctor can prescribe the treatment necessary for each individual case:

Treatment of weeping diathesis with special drying agents.
Peeling is softened with hypoallergenic ointments.
Prescribed drugs that reduce itching, which also normalize the microflora, plus vitamins.
With a complication associated with a bacterial infection, a special antibacterial ointment or antibiotic is prescribed.
Use of antiseptic solutions.

a) cream for the restoration of the skin "La Cree"; b) cream for the treatment of skin diseases "Bepanten"

Only a certified specialist can answer the question “how to cure diathesis in a child”, but no one forbids resorting to folk recipes, the main thing is to approach the issue wisely and monitor the course of the disease together with the doctor. Baths with the addition of decoctions of herbs of chamomile, succession, oak bark, calendula have proven themselves to be effective.

Diathesis on the pope in a child - photo

An allergy to the pope in a child manifests itself in the form of dense red spots with clear boundaries. The formation of scales as a result of peeling of the skin is possible. Papules, vesicles, or small red dots may also occur. The danger lies in the fact that by combing the skin, the baby can introduce an infection that will be much more difficult to cure. If, after hygiene procedures, the color of the spots brightens and the rash disappears, then the place has diaper rash and it is important not to confuse it with diathesis, since the latter is formed as a result of an autoimmune inflammatory process and cannot be cured by simple methods.

The above photo will clearly help to determine that it is diathesis on the pope in a child.

Treatment of diathesis on the cheeks of a child

The modern pharmacological industry offers many effective drugs for treatment, but you should not ignore folk methods as well. Diathesis on the cheeks of a child treatment first of all begins with a consultation with an allergist who will give competent recommendations on the exclusion of certain foods from the diet.

It is necessary to treat diathesis on the cheeks of a child (photo attached) comprehensively, following the recommendations below:

anti-itch medications
only a doctor can prescribe antihistamines
sedative drugs
UV treatment
taking vitamins will boost immunity

The skin of the baby's cheeks should be systematically lubricated with a special cream, which is applied in a thin layer.

Treatment of diathesis in infants

How to treat diathesis in an infant? The answer, as a rule, involves the use of antihistamines, which effectively alleviate the course of the disease, relieve swelling and itching.

The specificity of the treatment of infants is distinguished by the use of drugs that cleanse the child's body of harmful toxins and allergens. If the baby is fed breast milk, then first of all, the young mother must adjust her diet. It is also a fairly common practice for a doctor to prescribe vitamins that help maintain the balance of minerals in the child's body.

How to treat diathesis in an infant?

We bring to the attention of our readers the most popular folk remedies for the treatment of infants among parents:

Treatment with eggshell. Grind the shell dried for several days into powder and give the child 1 teaspoon twice a day, dilute with water, lemon juice or other liquids. A large amount of calcium facilitates acute manifestations of the disease.
Bathe in a decoction of string and chamomile. Effectively relieves itching and inflammation of the skin.
Ointment from fir oil. Mix 1 part of the oil with 3 parts of baby cream and treat the baby's skin in the morning and evening.
Tinctures from dandelion or burdock roots.

a) crushed egg shells; b) fir oil

Alternative methods of treatment are more gentle for the child's body, but if their use does not bring visible results within a period determined by the doctor, then it is worth resorting to the drug treatment described in the previous chapters of our article.

Hemorrhagic diathesis in children

The hemorrhagic type of the disease is characterized by an increased tendency of the body to bleed. Hemorrhagic diathesis in children is accompanied by the spontaneous appearance of bruises on the child's body, even as a result of a light touch. The number and size of them often absolutely do not correspond to real damage.

The key symptom is the formation of various rashes, bleeding or extensive hematomas on the body. With a severe course of the disease, rashes can be converted into ulcers. The patient may also be very disturbed in the abdomen, nausea, vomiting with blood.

Treatment methods directly depend on the type and how the bleeding occurs. So corticosteroid medications, ascorbic acid, vitamin PP, rutin can be prescribed. With frequent and heavy bleeding, surgery and removal of the spleen is possible.

Lymphatic hypoplastic diathesis

This diagnosis is very rare and most parents have probably never heard of it. We will try to explain in an accessible way what is lymphatic hypoplastic diathesis in children. From the name of the disease, we can conclude that the baby's lymphatic system takes part in its development. Diathesis of this type is characterized by increased growth of cells of the lymphatic system, in addition to this, disturbances in the endocrine system also occur, which makes this type of disease more than serious.

It is important for children to ensure proper nutrition and limit the use of foods containing dyes and preservatives. Care should be taken to introduce new products and parents should pay special attention to the introduction of cow's milk.

Of great importance is the observance of the daily regimen and the hardening process, gymnastics and massage procedures have shown themselves to be effective.

Many parents face diathesis in an infant. And in order to be able to help the baby cope with this uncomfortable condition, one should understand why diathesis appears, how to treat it and whether it can be prevented.

What's this?

Diathesis is called such individual characteristics of the baby, because of which the child becomes more predisposed to a number of diseases. The most common tendency for babies to allergic reactions, but there are other types of diathesis.

The first manifestations of diathesis begin at the age of two months to two years. In this condition, a wave-like course is noted - exacerbations periodically appear, which are replaced by remissions.

What does it look like?

In an infant, diathesis is manifested by rashes, which, as a rule, are very itchy and cause discomfort to the baby. A diathetic rash can be wet (it is represented by vesicles with liquid, weeping areas of the skin), dry (the skin is very flaky) or a combination.

On the face, cheeks

Rashes in the facial area can be represented by a dotted rash, as well as areas of redness with peeling. Usually, the child's cheeks blush in limited areas, and the blush often has clear boundaries. At the same time, the epidermis in the reddened areas is thickened, the skin is covered with small scales on top and is rough to the touch. Some babies develop crusts or blisters on their cheeks.

On the pope

The baby's buttocks can be covered with both red spots and a small-nodular rash, which is very itchy. If the child scratches the affected areas, this will lead to eczema.

Symptoms

In addition to different variants of rashes, diathesis can manifest itself:

Oily scales on the scalp;
Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract - decreased appetite, frequent regurgitation, nausea, instability of the stool, pain in the abdomen;
Irritation and inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose, throat, eyes or bladder;
Poor sleep of the child and restless behavior of the crumbs.

Diathesis can be manifested by such scales on the head near the hair

Kinds

Among all types of diathesis that occur in infants, the most common are:

Exudative-catarrhal. It is the most common variant of diathesis, which is manifested by skin lesions. Its development is associated with the impact on the baby's body of different types of allergens.
Nervous-arthritic. Its main cause is heredity. The baby has an increased risk of developing obesity, inflammation of the joints, excitability of the nervous system, and diabetes.
Lymphatic-hypoplastic. A frequent factor in its appearance is the infection transferred by the expectant mother and the intake of a large number of drugs. Manifestations of such diathesis in infants will be allergies and frequent infectious diseases. At the same time, the baby has problems with the lymph nodes and the thymus gland.

The reasons

Preventive measures will help reduce the likelihood of developing diathesis in a child

Risk factors

The likelihood of developing diathesis in an infant increases if:

His parents had diathesis in childhood.
The expectant mother during the gestation period consumed allergenic foods in large quantities.
The expectant mother has chronic pathologies or during pregnancy she had some kind of infection.
The pregnant woman was prescribed serious drugs.
The pregnancy proceeded with severe toxicosis.
The baby was not breastfed.
Parents actively use household chemicals or, on the contrary, rarely clean the room.
The apartment was bought new furniture or just renovated.
Animals live in the house.
Relatives of the baby too often use air fragrances, perfumes and deodorants.
The child is bought low-quality toys.
The child is constantly overfed.
Mom gives the baby a large number of drugs.
The child spends little time outdoors.
The baby was offered complementary foods too early.

How to treat?

The degree of their severity and many other nuances also affect the treatment of diathesis manifestations, so it is important that a specialist prescribes therapy. It can include both medications and folk recipes, as well as correction of nutrition and the conditions of the baby's stay.

Only a doctor should prescribe treatment for diathesis

About what diathesis is, why this word is used only in our country and how to treat allergic diathesis, see Dr. Komarovsky's program.

Medicines

Children with diathesis may be prescribed:

Sorbents. Such drugs safely accelerate the elimination of allergens from the baby's body. Enterosgel is very popular among effective sorbents.
Antihistamines. The baby is prescribed zirtek, suprastin, claritin, tavegil and other drugs in this group. Some of them have a sedative effect.
Immunomodulatory drugs. Such medications affect the immune system of the crumbs and have their own contraindications, so they should only be prescribed by a doctor.
Probiotics. They are indicated if, simultaneously with a rash on the skin of a child, manifestations of dysbacteriosis are noted.

Are ointments effective?

To moisturize the overdried areas of the baby's skin and faster healing of wounds, the doctor will recommend the use of creams or ointments. The most commonly used are bepanthen, elidel, desitin, fenistil gel, la cree. The child's skin is lubricated several times a day until the rash disappears. As for hormonal ointments, only a doctor should prescribe them.

Also for local processing you can use:

Lotions with furacillin. Dissolve 1/4-1/2 tablets in a glass of water, keep lotions until the rash fades.
Lubrication with neutral oil or cream from the series of children's cosmetics.
Lotions with soda. Pour a teaspoon of soda into a glass of cool boiled water. Do not rub the baby's skin, but simply apply the lotion to the areas of inflammation.

Creams or special ointments will ease the course of the disease

Folk remedies

The following recipes against the manifestations of diathesis are popular among the people:

Lubricate the rashes with a paste, which includes fatty sour cream, zinc ointment, egg white and medical tar taken in the same amount. It is recommended to treat the skin of the baby with this remedy twice or thrice a day. It is better to cook pasta every day new - from fresh ingredients.
Give the baby a decoction made from bay leaves (10 leaves per liter of water) and wild rose (crush a teaspoon of fruit). After boiling bay leaves in water for three minutes, add rose hips, turn off and leave to infuse overnight. Strained broth, give a tablespoon to the baby three times daily for several months.
Make lotions on areas of rashes and peeling, using black tea for them.

Baths

Bathing a child is most often advised with the addition of a decoction of the string. Pour dry grass, taken in the amount of three tablespoons, 500 ml of boiling water, and after 30 minutes, strain and pour into a baby bath. In the same way, you can make baths with sage, chamomile flowers, valerian root, nettle leaves, as well as a mixture of these plants.

If the rashes are weeping, a decoction of oak bark is added to the baby bath. With diaper rash, a starch bath also helps well, for which they take cold water (50 ml) and starch (two tablespoons), stir well and pour boiling water (two glasses). Kissel, which turned out, is poured into the bath.

Remember that baths should be pleasant for the baby, strive to create a positive environment during bathing.

Food

A diet with the exclusion of allergen products is prescribed for both a nursing mother and a baby who is already familiar with complementary foods. Sweets, honey, caviar, chocolate, eggs, seafood and other foods that can become an allergen should be removed from the diet.

All products are baked, boiled or steamed. Vegetables and cereals are soaked in cool water for 10 hours before cooking. Boil the meat for 20 minutes, then drain the water and cook the dish further. When buying products, you should carefully study their composition and avoid harmful substances.

How many days does it take?

How quickly the child's condition improves depends on various factors, for example, on the duration of exposure to the allergen on the baby, the severity of the manifestations of diathesis, and the characteristics of the treatment prescribed for the baby. For some, the rash goes away in a few days, and for some babies, skin cleansing is observed after at least two weeks.

In cases where the allergen is a pet, the exclusion of the child's contact with this animal should be for a period longer than a month. These allergens stay in the house for a long time.

For treatment, it is important to find out the cause of diathesis

Baby care

Often change underwear, as well as baby bedding.
Dress the little one in clothes made from natural fabrics with a minimum of dyes.
Use neutral detergents to wash all baby clothes.
Iron washed baby clothes on all sides.
After each bowel movement and each urination, cleanse the skin of the crumbs.
Take a bath daily. In this case, the mother should not take a bath together with the little one.
For baby skin care, purchase cosmetics designed for babies with sensitive skin.
Cut your baby's nails regularly.
Try to minimize allergens such as dust, animal hair, aerosols.

Can diathesis be vaccinated?

A child can be vaccinated during remission. After the previous exacerbation of allergic manifestations, at least a month should pass. Antihistamine medicines should be given to the baby three days before vaccination and within seven days after the vaccine is given.

Before each vaccination, you need to carefully assess the condition of the child.

Prevention

It is possible to prevent the appearance of diathesis with the help of preventive measures that should be applied from the beginning of pregnancy and during the first year of a baby's life:

In anticipation of the baby, the expectant mother is not recommended to abuse allergenic foods, such as eggs, nuts, fish, citrus fruits, berries, milk, chocolate and others. The same restrictions are appropriate for a nursing mother.
Support breastfeeding. Let breast milk be the only food for an infant up to 6 months of age. If you have to transfer the baby to the mixture, you should carefully choose the food that will not be allergic.
Watch out for household factors that can cause allergies - synthetic clothing, household chemicals, low-quality toys, frequent self-treatment, excess dust, communication between the crumbs and a pet.
It is also important to adhere to the diet, not overfeeding the baby. The introduction of complementary foods must be organized correctly, starting to give hypoallergenic products. It is important not to rush and not give the baby several new dishes at once, but to carefully monitor all the reactions of the crumbs to the novelty on the menu.

For more information about diathesis, see Dr. Komarovsky's program.