How to properly insulate the roof of the house from the inside. Insulation of the roof of a wooden house will create comfortable conditions inside. The main properties and purpose of vapor barrier and waterproofing

Roof insulation plays a huge role in the completion of construction work. Having built a house or cottage, you have to think about how to make the building as comfortable, warm and cozy as possible. Regardless of whether there will be accommodation in the attic or not, it is necessary to insulate the roof in any case. This will reduce heat loss and contribute to energy saving.

Do-it-yourself roof insulation

It is not necessary to carry out work on roof insulation with the help of a specialist, everything can be done with your own hands. The whole process should begin with the selection of the necessary materials and the creation of a plan and scheme of work. Any roof consists of external (roof) and internal (overlapping and truss frame) parts.

All insulation work is carried out only after checking these components, and if necessary, they are repaired. Then remove excess moisture and get rid of dampness and mold.

To prevent bacterial damage to wooden structures, the inner surface of the roof is treated with an antiseptic, and to protect metal structures from rust, such surfaces are treated with anti-corrosion compounds.

Materials for insulation

Modern manufacturers offer a wide range of materials for roof insulation. The most popular are:

• Mineral wool (fiberglass, stone slabs);
• extruded polystyrene foam;
• Polyurethane foam.

The material to dwell on is determined by the features of the roof. For example, pitched roofs are best insulated with fiberglass.

Fiberglass

This material has excellent heat-insulating and sound-insulating properties. Also, fiberglass is durable, the service life reaches fifty years, it is fire resistant and vapor permeable. And, of course, the price, the purchase of such material is a very inexpensive pleasure.

The most popular materials in use are mineral wool and expanded polystyrene. This popularity is due to the ease of manipulation with them.

Mineral wool

Depending on the initial type of material (stone or glass), mineral wool is divided into two types:

– the fibrous structure of the material, formed during the melting of small rock particles, as well as various slags and mixtures obtained in industrial metallurgy, make the product truly unique.

The material is not afraid of high temperatures, and is also sufficiently resistant to aggressive chemicals.


glass wool- heat-insulating material having air fibers, which have special strength. The product is obtained by melting ordinary glass. Like stone wool, the insulation has a high resistance to chemical products and does not burn.

The thermal conductivity of glass wool is 0.05 W/m°C at 25°C. During operation, glass wool practically does not shrink, and its fibrous structure, even after a long period of time, remains the same elastic and elastic.

Mineral wool has excellent characteristics in the following areas:

• Low thermal conductivity;
• Excellent sound insulation;
• Fire resistance, which is very important for the roof material;
• High environmental friendliness and durability.

Styrofoam and foam

Both heaters have a fairly low specific gravity, so their use does not make the roof heavier, and also does not provide for the additional use of a vapor-insulating material, since neither polystyrene nor absorb moisture.

polyurethane foam

One of the modern materials is.

It does not need to be glued or nailed to the surface, it is applied by spraying onto it. This material has excellent adhesion to surfaces and the result is a durable seamless construction that does not allow cold or moisture to pass through.

Ceiling insulation in a house with a cold roof

When the materials are selected, you can go directly to the process of laying the material. The peculiarity of such a process depends on the design of the roof and the future use of the attic.

If the use of the attic as a living space is not provided, then the insulation material is laid on the floor of the attic between the logs, and not between the roof rafters. A membrane is laid on top to improve vapor permeability, then it can be covered with any floor covering.

To exclude the formation of the appearance of "cold bridges", the insulation must adhere to the lags as tightly as possible. To do this, when cutting insulation, its size must be done on 1-2 cm. wider than the distance between the lags.

Attic insulation from the inside

If it is decided to equip the attic for living quarters, you should insulate the roof with your own hands using a different technology:

1. Initially, a waterproofing layer is laid to protect the insulating material from getting wet. To do this, a waterproofing membrane is laid on top of the crate and fixed with bars of the counter-crate;
2. Then the insulation itself is laid between the rafters. In order to avoid the formation of gaps, during installation, the same technology should be followed as when insulating the ceiling - the insulation should be wider by 1-2 cm.
3. As a vapor-permeable layer, a vapor barrier film is attached over the insulation, at the joints, it is overlapped;
4. The film is fixed on top with bars, which will serve as the basis for finishing.

How and how to insulate a flat roof

Warming a flat roof goes a little differently. The beginning of work is the definition of the purpose of the premises. The intended use of the attic for a gym or some other place for entertainment suggests that the roof must be really strong in order to withstand serious loads.

1. To form a small roof slope, a cement screed is made on a reinforced concrete slab;
2. Then, as in the case of a pitched roof, a waterproofing layer is laid;
3. Upon completion of these works, everything is covered from above with a layer of heat-insulating material (polystyrene, stone wool, extruded polystyrene foam, etc.), on top of which a layer of fiberglass or geotextile is laid.
4. And the final stage is the backfilling of pebbles or a layer of gravel and the subsequent laying of floor or paving slabs.

If there is no living space under the roof, then the vapor barrier layer and insulation are laid in the attic, and the waterproofing layer under the roofing material. And in the case of complete non-use of the attic space of a flat roof, insulation is carried out either from the inside or from the outside.

Having insulated the roof, you will receive not only additional square meters, but also reliable protection for the house from severe frosts in winter and sultry heat in summer.

For the winter period, you must definitely prepare in advance. Especially the owners of private houses. To do this, it is necessary not only to purchase a sufficient amount of firewood or coal, but also to take care of the general insulation of the house. And you need to pay attention to both the walls and the roof. After all, the insulation of the roof of a wooden house from the inside will provide an optimal microclimate in the living rooms, increasing the average temperature in each room by several degrees. In such a house it will be warm even in the most severe frosts. The thermal insulation of the roof, performed in accordance with all the rules, will reduce the cost of operating the house, increase its durability and make living conditions more comfortable.

Wooden house

What are the benefits of roof insulation?

The reason for the appearance of significant heat loss is natural air exchange and thermal radiation. As it heats up, the air rises. This causes the ceiling to warm up, which can be very cold if the roof is not well insulated. If there is no thermal insulation, a lot of heat will need to be given off. Moreover, this process will occur continuously.

Properly made roof insulation will not only maintain the temperature in the living room at the desired level, but also significantly increase the durability of the rafters and beams used in the construction of the roof structure.

This is achieved by eliminating the ingress of moisture into the attic, which inevitably leads to rotting of the wooden structure. As a result, the bearing capacity of beams and rafters is sharply reduced, and the roof has to be repaired every 3-4 years.

Insulation - mineral wool

The presence of an insulated roof will allow not only to retain heat in cold weather, but also save from overheating in the hot season. That is why it is quite comfortable in a wooden house when it is sweltering heat outside.

In addition, roof insulation quite often allows you to significantly expand useful residential assistance. After all, even a very cold room can be made warm in this way, and this must be used to improve your living conditions.

When is the best time to insulate the roof?

Roof insulation should be started only after the shrinkage of the new log house. As a rule, on average, this takes about six months. During this time, various defects may appear on the roof, among the most common in this case are all kinds of distortions, cracks. They must be removed before work begins. In this case, the insulation will be of high quality.

If we talk about seasonality, then it all depends on your personal preferences. Most often, the roof is insulated in the summer, and in the winter they check the quality of the work performed.

Which heater should be preferred?

Modern heaters are different:

• fire safety;
• excellent thermal insulation properties;
• low weight;
• environmental friendliness;
• ease of installation;
• versatility, which allows you to use the same material for insulation of different roofing systems;
• long service life.

Manufacturers offer a fairly large range. At the same time, delivery can be made in the form of mats, rolled material and in bulk. If desired, you can always choose the appropriate option for the price factor. In particular, you can insulate the roof using:

The choice of a specific material will depend on the type of insulated roof and those who have financial capabilities. If you decide to purchase a cotton material, it is better to choose one whose characteristics indicate that it is hydrophobic. This means that during the production process, the insulation was treated with a special compound that prevents moisture absorption.

It is also worth paying attention to the combustibility group. For expanded polystyrene, group G1 is preferred. This will not support combustion away from an open source of flame.

How is a pitched roof insulated?

A roof of this type is characterized by a fairly large area, which causes the possibility of large heat loss in the cold season. Especially if the house has an attic floor. Therefore, it is advisable to take care of the thermal insulation device at the stage of building a house. But if this has not been done or the efficiency of thermal insulation is not high enough, the work can be done in a residential building without resorting to large-scale dismantling of roof structures.

To do this, the presence and integrity of the waterproofing layer is checked, which is traditionally placed between the roof and rafters during the construction of the house. In case of its absence, you will have to purchase a special hydro-barrier film that is able to retain water, but at the same time allows steam to pass through. It is also necessary to ensure that the rafters are wrapped with a hydro-barrier film, attaching it with a stapler to the rafters with the correct side. In this case, the top layer will prevent the penetration of moisture, and the bottom layer will not prevent the removal of steam and moisture.

Now you can start laying the insulation. Preference should be given to rolled material and material supplied in the form of plates. Lay it between the rafters, applying a little effort and avoiding the formation of gaps. However, it is imperative that between the insulation and the roofing material there must be a small layer for air circulation - blowing. It is she who will prevent a strong warming up of the attic in the summer. Plates can be fixed using:

• ordinary nylon cord;
• rails stuffed perpendicular to the rafters.

After laying the insulation, you can proceed to the vapor barrier device. To do this, you need to purchase a special vapor barrier film, which will need to be laid on top of the thermal insulation, attaching it to the rafters. As a result, the optimal humidity regime will be provided for the heat insulator, which guarantees its long service life. If necessary, you can perform finishing work if the attic is adapted for living.

How is a flat roof insulated?

Insulation of a flat roof can be performed not only from the inside, but also from the outside. In this case, the latter option, as a rule, is enough to create an optimal microclimate in the house.

The sequence of work in this case is as follows:

• a vapor-tight film is laid;
• insulation is laid or poured;
• it is laid and glued with a resin-based mastic, a roll coating based on synthetic materials or roofing material. This layer allows you to provide protection against moisture penetration;
• bulk material is placed.

Who will do the work?

If there is no desire to carry out roof insulation in a wooden house on your own, you can invite a team of experienced builders who have been working in this industry for a long time. They will be able to perform the necessary complex of works in the shortest possible time, ensuring high quality performance.

If the budget is limited, then choosing between buying high-quality modern materials and self-insulating the roof is better to choose the first option. Maybe in this case it will take a little more time, but the materials to be laid will have unique properties that allow them to keep warm in a wooden house for a long time. In addition, the progress of work can be monitored continuously.

Foreword. For private houses where it is planned to use the attic floor, the issue of thermal insulation of the roof is relevant. This issue is especially acute for owners of already built houses, where the attic has not been used before. Consider in this article how to insulate the metal roof of the house from the inside so that there is no condensation. At the end of the material, we will provide a video instruction on this topic.

Warming the roof of the house from the inside is an important condition for creating a comfortable microclimate. The first stage includes the independent equipment of the attic in the living room and the replacement of the old roofing with metal tiles or corrugated board, if necessary. At the same time, condensation may form on the metal roof during temperature changes in the autumn or spring period of the year.

Materials for warming the roof of the house from the inside

Insulation of the roof of the house from the inside, so that there is no condensation, is carried out using suitable materials for thermal insulation of the premises. The selected materials must ensure the vapor permeability of building structures and reliable waterproofing from the outside. Moisture should not get into the heat-insulating layer, while water vapor should be removed from the attic or attic floor of the building.

Fibrous materials - basalt or mineral wool - are best suited for thermal insulation of the roof. Unlike foam or polyurethane foam, they allow water vapor to pass through and reduce humidity in a warm room. But fibrous insulation loses its properties when wet and deforms over time. When insulating the roof, it is necessary to observe the sequence of layers of the insulating "pie".

The principles of insulating the roof of the house from the inside

On the inside, the first layer is a decorative finish - drywall, lining or plywood. Next, you need a ventilation gap of 2-3 cm, which provides air circulation. The next layer is a vapor-permeable membrane, and the insulation itself must be of sufficient thickness. For the roof, a layer of thermal insulation of at least 10 cm is laid. A vapor-permeable waterproofing film is placed on the insulation.

How to insulate the roof so that there is no condensation

Thermal insulation begins with the laying of a waterproofing film with a slight sag perpendicular to the rafters. The joints of the material are glued with adhesive tape to eliminate gaps. After this stage, bars of 50 mm are stuffed onto the rafters and a crate of boards is laid. In the case of insulating the finished roof, the waterproofing film is fixed with a stapler under the rafters, gluing the joints of the film with construction tape.

It is desirable to pre-treat the rafter system with an antiseptic. Thermal insulation is laid between the rafters by surprise; slats are usually used as a rough filing. If the insulation mats are laid in several layers, then to create the desired thickness, the joints of the top layer are completely covered by the bottom row. In other words, the bottom layer of insulation is offset or perpendicular to the first row.

Next, a vapor barrier film is placed, which is placed with a smooth surface towards the insulation. The rough surface of the vapor barrier traps moisture vapor, so it is laid in the direction of a warm room. If you put the vapor barrier film on the contrary, then it will not remove moisture from the thermal insulation, and condensation will form on its surface. The film is also fixed with a stapler, gluing all the joints.

Next, wooden bars or a metal profile are attached to the rafters, on which the sheathing is mounted. If the decoration of this room is not provided, then it is possible to hem the rafters with boards treated with an antiseptic. Do not forget that do-it-yourself thermal insulation of the roof will save up to 25% of heat in the house, and on metal roofs it will prevent the formation of ice and condensation in the winter.

Other ways to insulate the roof of the house

There are various methods and materials for insulating the roof from the inside, for example, spraying foamed polyurethane foam, laying foam or foam boards. For the use of expanded polystyrene plates, no preparation is required, but the crate of the boards is made solid and covered with an antiseptic. Styrofoam plates are laid close and fixed with dowels, the seams between the plates are carefully sealed with foam.

Spraying polyurethane foam requires expensive equipment, so it is impossible to perform this procedure on your own. For this roof insulation, it is necessary to call specialists who will apply a layer of thermal insulation of the required thickness to the entire surface. After drying, the polyurethane foam forms a seamless and waterproof thermal insulation layer with low thermal conductivity.

Video. How to insulate the roof so that there is no condensation

To ensure an optimal microclimate in a living space, insulating the roof from the inside of the house is often the only right solution.

What is the need for insulation?

Provided that thermal insulation work is carried out competently, a full-fledged living area can be created from a non-residential attic space, and the usable attic area will be a great addition to a cozy home.

You can not do without such a procedure in the case of installing a roof made of corrugated board or metal tiles, which provoke the formation of condensate and ice when temperatures fluctuate.

Internal thermal insulation work can be done with your own hands from different types of materials suitable for this purpose. The main task of insulation for the roof of a house is its ability to provide waterproofing from the outside and vapor permeability from the inside of the room.

Material selection

The most suitable materials for attic insulation are:

• mineral wool;
• Styrofoam;
• polyurethane foam;
• ecowool.

Mineral wool

Mineral wool and fibrous materials have excellent thermal insulation characteristics. They do an excellent job of removing water vapor from the roof. A special membrane film is responsible for the direction of condensate drainage from the inside to the outside.

In work, it is better to use mineral wool in the form of plates, since, unlike rolled wool, it keeps its shape perfectly and does not slide down an inclined plane. For a dwelling, a material with a thickness of 10 cm is required; for outbuildings, a three-centimeter insulation is sufficient.

When insulating the roof from the inside of the attic, mineral wool is cut into pieces of the required size with a margin of 2–3 cm. Before installing the insulation between the rafters, it is slightly compressed. After installation, it will straighten out and completely fill the required space.

If one of the sides of the material has a foil layer, then it is necessary to lay the mineral wool with a shiny surface inside the attic. If necessary, mineral wool can be replaced with glass wool.

Styrofoam

For a simple way to insulate the roof of a house with your own hands and save money, foam is suitable. The material slabs are light in weight, so you don't have to worry about excessive load on the roof structure. Among the disadvantages of polystyrene, one can note its poor vapor conductivity and attractiveness to rodents, which can cause significant damage to the attic thermal insulation.

polyurethane foam

The foamed material is sprayed onto the treated surface of any configuration and complexity. Such a process is carried out by using a special portable installation, which supplies the substance under pressure to a plane having any degree of inclination.

Its main advantage is that this method of warming the attic or attic of the house allows you to create a dense monolithic layer without seams and gaps.

In addition, no additional vapor barrier device is required to protect the decorative finish from condensate. The price of polyurethane foam is higher than that of alternative insulating materials.

The material is produced in a compressed form and requires loosening before laying. In most cases, blowing equipment is used for fluffing and applying ecowool.

Ecowool is distinguished by increased adhesive properties, therefore it can be applied as a heater for the roof of a house in a wet or dry way on any surface. Like polyurethane foam, ecowool lays down in an even, seamless layer and does not require the installation of a vapor barrier material.

If everything is clear with the laying of ecowool and polyurethane foam and their application does not require additional arrangement of auxiliary structures, then a similar process for roll or panel insulation is associated with certain technological rules.

Layered insulation

Carrying out the internal thermal insulation of the roof of the house with your own hands requires compliance with a certain sequence. Such a construction of various materials is called a "pie" because of its multi-layered structure.

Providing moisture removal is necessary not only to create comfortable climatic conditions indoors. This condition is set to protect fibrous insulation from getting wet and, as a result, the loss of their quality indicators.

Waterproofing

Roof insulation should begin with laying a layer of waterproofing (roofing material). The material is installed in a perpendicular position relative to the rafter legs with a smooth surface upwards, while it does not stretch, but slightly sags.

The joints of the sheets are glued with construction tape to seal gaps and crevices. Laths of beams are nailed to the rafter legs, and a crate of boards is mounted on them. A layer of roofing is laid on top of the board. This method is suitable for use at the stage of installing a roof on the roof of a building.

In the case of a finished roof, the waterproofing is fixed with a stapler under the rafters and the attachment points are glued with adhesive tape. In this case, the rafters must be treated with antiseptic preparations that prevent the process of decay.

thermal insulation

On top of the waterproofing material between the rafters, a heater is tightly laid, previously cut into pieces of the required size. If the desired thickness of the insulation is to be achieved by laying several layers of mineral wool, its top and bottom joints should not coincide (the top mats should be moved or placed perpendicularly).

vapor barrier

On top of the sheets of insulation, it is necessary to fix the vapor barrier film sheet, directing its smooth surface towards the mineral wool.

The perforated side of the film absorbs moisture evaporation, so it should be located towards the attic room.

The canvas is fastened with a mounting stapler and glued at the joints. The level of humidity inside the house depends on the correct laying of the vapor barrier material, so its installation must be treated with special attention.

Facing

The final stage in the internal insulation of the roof is the installation of decorative trim. In the case of installing a wooden lining, a profile is attached to the rafters, which serves as the basis for future cladding.

If the attic space will not be used as a living space and does not require decorative finishing, a cut board with a gap of 10 cm can be nailed over the vapor barrier layer.

When arranging a pitched roof structure, the roof is most often insulated from the inside. The installation of a flat roof primarily involves the use of an external heat-insulating layer, and the addition of an internal one, only if necessary.

Preparing for the installation of insulation

The key function of the roof of the house is the protection of building structures from external influences and the preservation of heat in the premises. High-quality insulation helps maintain a favorable microclimate in the house in any season and in any weather. A properly installed heat-insulating layer is designed for a long service life and does not affect the condition of building structures.

When choosing a heater, it is important to consider a number of characteristics, including:

• thermal conductivity;
• installation technology;
• durability.

The minimum thickness of the insulation layer is 25 mm. The optimal thickness of the heat insulator is from 100 mm. Specific indicators are recommended to be calculated individually, depending on the requirements for heat saving and the climatic features of the region.

Materials suitable for insulating the roof of a house from the inside include:

• mineral wool heat insulators in rolls and plates;
• polymeric plate materials;
• polymeric sprayed materials;
• natural environmentally friendly insulation (mats from algae or straw, cork, ecowool, etc.)

If you plan to do the roof insulation from the inside with your own hands, it is recommended to resort to installation of roll or plate materials. This is the easiest and most affordable way to perform reliable thermal insulation. Spraying polyurethane foam or penoizol, laying ecowool require the involvement of specialists with specialized equipment.

Characteristics and cutting materials

Mineral wool materials include glass wool and stone (basalt) wool. It is a layered material resistant to temperature influences. Mineral wool is produced in various thicknesses and densities, this should be taken into account when choosing a heater based on its technical characteristics.

Mineral wool is an environmentally friendly material that does not burn, does not deform over time, is not damaged by microorganisms and rodents, and is a good sound insulator. The disadvantage of cotton wool is its ability to accumulate moisture. Even a relatively small increase in the moisture content of the material (up to 5%) reduces its thermal insulation properties by half. That is why, when installing such a heater, special attention is paid to its proper hydro and vapor barrier, ventilation of the roofing pie.

Polymer board materials (extruded polystyrene foam, polyurethane foam) are widely used due to their durability, resistance to moisture, ease of installation. Extruded polystyrene foam and rigid polyurethane foam have a closed cell structure and do not absorb moisture. This allows you to mount the roofing pie without the use of vapor barrier and ventilation gaps.

The disadvantages of polymeric thermal insulation materials include flammability. Such insulation can ignite and smolder, releasing harmful substances. In addition, a roofing pie made using polyurethane foam or expanded polystyrene boards does not "breathe", that is, to ensure normal microcirculation of air in the attic room, special attention will be required to the ventilation system.

The cutting of mineral wool boards is required to be carried out with an allowance of 10-15 mm in order to ensure a snug fit of the insulation to the rafter system. Polymer boards compress less well, so they should be cut to size.

Insulation of the roof of the house from the inside can be done using environmentally friendly heat insulators. Mats made of natural materials (straw, algae, hemp) are mounted in the same way as mineral wool slabs. Straw blocks are recommended to be treated with flame retardants, as the material burns well. Hemp mats contain boron salts, which improves the fire resistance of the material. Heat-insulating ladders made of algae do not burn, do not rot, the wooden elements of the roof that come into contact with them remain dry, which increases the life of the roof.

Insulation from the inside of a flat roof

A flat roof is made with external insulation, for which foam concrete, expanded clay, foamed glass, basalt wool slabs or extruded polystyrene foam are used. But during operation, it may turn out that the existing heat-insulating layer does not fully cope with its functions. In this case, it is necessary to add another layer of insulation from the inside.

In order to qualitatively insulate the roof of the house from the inside, it will be necessary to perform a wooden crate on the ceiling of the rooms located directly under the ceiling. This method has a significant drawback - the height of the ceiling decreases. The thickness of the bars selected for the crate must correspond to the thickness of the insulation. This parameter is best determined on the basis of professional heat engineering calculations.

Bars are stuffed along the perimeter of the room, then the ceiling surface is divided into cells (rectangles or squares) with the same bars. It is recommended to choose the width of the cells based on the width of the slab or roll material, taking into account allowances so that the blocks of soft insulation stand up. For rigid slabs, temporary fasteners should be provided, which are removed after filling the joints of polymer slabs with a wooden frame with mounting foam.

To prevent the insulation from absorbing moisture, a vapor barrier film is attached over the crate. It is important to glue the joints of the panels with high quality and ensure a snug fit of the vapor barrier around the perimeter of the structure. The film is attached to the crate with a construction stapler.

Principles of pitched roof insulation

The technology for insulating a pitched roof from the inside may vary depending on:

• on the type of plate material (soft or hard insulation);
• from the presence of a waterproofing layer under the finishing roofing.

As a waterproofing, a special membrane or roofing material can be laid under the crate. If waterproofing is available, you should proceed with the installation of thermal insulation material. Soft plates are cut with a small allowance and fit between the rafters. It is preliminary recommended to stretch the cord 3-4 cm from the waterproofing, securing it with studs to create a ventilation gap. Plates made of polymeric materials can be mounted close to the waterproofing by blowing out the joints with the rafters with construction foam.