How to open your own production: business ideas from scratch. How to open your own production

Business on participation in trade chains "we buy imported - we sell to compatriots" ceases to be profitable. There are many reasons for this, from geopolitical to economic. For Russian production of any scale, the green light is on today. How to navigate among the opportunities that have opened up, what can a small business bet on?

The time of intermediaries is running out.

From the very beginning of economic freedoms in Russia and until recently, domestic small businesses preferred the sphere of trade and services. Often the business model was elementary: we buy abroad, we sell at home. Low competition, huge choice provided high profitability of projects.

* - with annual revenue up to 1 billion rubles. (2014 criteria)

The crisis, sanctions, a high dollar and a weak ruble dictate new rules of the game: competition in trade and services is increasing, demand is narrowing, profitability is falling. The most significant decrease in revenue for the 1st half of 2015 was recorded in wholesale and retail trade, in cargo transportation. It's time for small businesses to adapt to market changes: today, the trend is the production and implementation of innovative projects. This is where a lot of free / little competitive niches. Let's figure out what is profitable for small businesses to produce in Russia now.

Assessment of the current situation by SME sectors for the 1st half of 2015

* - index of the current situation - expert assessment of the state of affairs for the past period
Source: Small Business Pulse survey, Alfa-Bank, June 2015

Prospects for production: where to look for profit

Imported products are now available in any Russian stores: food, sports, children's, household, electrical and other goods. Often under the inscription "made in Russia" a product assembled from foreign components is hidden. A small business can successfully launch any of these products. The main thing is to identify what product, what quality and price will be in demand.

When deciding on production, it is worth considering the moods/preferences of consumers in the B2B and B2C sectors. Russians - individuals buy less, save more. The direction of using free money has changed.

What are Russians willing to spend on?

Russian enterprises are focused on the purchase of goods/services that allow them to maintain/increase the level of sales while reducing costs, i.e. they are looking for inexpensive ways to increase the efficiency of business processes and reduce product costs. For example, by replacing imported components with Russian ones.

What is profitable to produce in a crisis by industry

1 Furniture: landfill chic

Italian cuisine is becoming an unaffordable luxury for many. It's time to offer our compatriots high-quality eco-friendly Russian-made furniture. Our consumer now counts money, is sophisticated in the practicality of furniture and has tried Ikea.

Therefore, a successful furniture business idea should be:

cheap in production, competitive in price;
fresh and original, using design solutions;
environmentally friendly, using the ideas of recycling.

Furniture made from pallets (wooden construction pallets) meets these requirements. It can be country, garden, intended for offices and creating residential interiors in country, loft or industrial style. At the same time, it is not necessary to disassemble the pallets, they are used as modules, constructing author's models. The secret is in the right handling. Pallets are a cheap and grateful "building" material.

An important nuance. Furniture should look stylish and functional, not clumsy. Professional designers should participate in the development of models.

2 Products for animals: cheaper and healthier

According to VTsIOM, 76% of Russians have pets. We are third in the world in terms of the number of pets per capita after the US and China. What is profitable to produce in Russia for small businesses for smaller brothers?

The Russian pet food market is growing despite the crisis. In the most profitable market segment - food for cats and dogs - today there are two leaders: Mars and Nestle (joint share - 86%). They can and should be squeezed out by domestic producers. The main thing is to choose the right niche.

It is believed that Russians do not save on pets even when they themselves have nothing to eat. In real life, people switch animals to economy-class feed, preferring the most useful options available.

Healthy food for cats and dogs - minced meat and bones with vitamin and mineral supplements. Such feeds are used by specialized kennels, they are hunted by knowledgeable cat and dog owners. The production of "natural cutlets" for animals is carried out in Russia by a few small producers. The niche is uncompetitive.

For the production of natural food for cats and dogs, an expensive production line is not needed; everything can be organized on a minimal area with little investment.

To start a full production cycle, you will need equipment:

cutting table for meat products;
meat grinder and minced meat mixer;
molding machine / scales;
shock freezer and "hot" table for packaging;
freezer.

The cost of natural feed is lower than that of industrial “drying”, even if it is produced from mechanically deboned meat, which is used in the manufacture of sausages. The business model is simple. The main limitation of sales is that there must be refrigeration equipment at the point of sale.

3 Building and finishing materials: money out of thin air

The building materials market is shrinking. According to a study by RD Construction analysts, a decline in production in January-July 2015 compared to the second half of 2014 was recorded for cement, ready-mixed concrete, reinforced concrete, red ceramic bricks: -12, -30, -15, -1.5%, respectively. This is how the reduction in the pace of mass housing construction backfired on building materials - the demand for housing is falling.

The main product of the recycling of old tires, crumb rubber, is used in the production of:

rubber tiles / paving stones;
coverings for sports grounds and fitness halls;
wall finishing materials;
innovative road surfaces;
accessories for cars (rugs, mudguards, etc.).

The cost of technological lines for "grinding" tires into crumb rubber depends on productivity, the degree of automation of the process, the quality and size of the output fraction. But in general, we are talking about costs of 1-12 million rubles. In addition to Chinese equipment options, there are also Russian ones: the plants of Vtorrezina Ecoprom LLC, Alfa-SPK LLC and others offer lines of their own design. It is better to prefer domestic equipment - both the quality of the product and the reliability of the machines are higher.

It is more profitable to produce goods with a high added value, i.e., in addition to crumb rubber, to issue tiles and coatings. The last two products are cold or hot molded from chips, polyurethane adhesive and dye. The cost of equipment starts from 2 million rubles.

The payback period for a mini-factory for the production of rubber tiles is from 6 months. The indicator is excellent, but the investments for the start will require impressive. There is a more economical entry option: many manufacturers (EcoStep, Masterfaybr, etc.) offer to start a franchise business. From 500 thousand rubles.

4 Goods for tourism: wide is my native country

The growth of major world currencies and the rise in the cost of labor in China have a positive effect on the domestic light industry market. In 2015, the share of Russian manufacturers in this industry increased to 24% and continues to grow. What should a startup focus on?

Russians save money on vacation trips abroad. Most have to be content with local color and sponsor domestic tourism. They need equipment.

tourist clothing and equipment of the middle price category;
budget tents (up to 5,000 rubles);
fishing goods in the low and mid-price segment (up to 3,000 rubles).

The production of backpacks, ventilated caps / hats, windproof hats, gloves, encephalitis, thermal underwear, sweaters is a profitable business. You can choose a very narrow niche and engage in the production of mobile baths or thermal bags.

It is not necessary to develop innovative raincoats-boats or T-shirts-life jackets. It is enough to make practical and functional products a la the Expedition clothing range. But at reasonable prices.

5 Automotive equipment: Thule from Tula

What is profitable to produce in Russia for cars, where is the free niche? Comparing our popular Swedish plastic autoboxes from Thule brand with analogues is the same as putting Rolex against ordinary watches. The Thule customer pays for style and brand first. Moreover, luggage boxes from the point of view of production are the simplest products. Thule cost in Europe in the range of $400-970. The price, which is not humane at the current dollar exchange rate already at the place of production, in Russian retail stores turns into a completely amazing one: premium solutions cost 60,000 - 100,000 rubles.

The middle price segment of the autobox market in Russia (10,000 - 20,000 rubles) is now under the gun of Polish, Czech, Italian and Chinese manufacturers. Items from the Middle Kingdom deserve special attention: they are widely presented, but the quality is objectively low. Time to make car trunks in Russia. Domestic manufacturers of boxes for cars exist as a class, but are counted on the fingers (brands ATLANT, VetlaN, LUX). Moreover, some have a meager assortment, others specialize in “luggage systems from European components” (read: they depend on exchange rate fluctuations), and the quality of others is lame.

During the crisis, mini-production of universal luggage boxes (for all car brands) made of high-quality plastic with a reliable opening / locking system in low and medium price categories is beneficial.

This will require:

vacuum forming equipment (Russian - from 350 thousand rubles);
Press forms;
raw material is ABS plastic.

Cheaper to manufacture soft autoboxes made of polyester, PVC and other plastic polymers. But this is sewing production and a completely different story.

During a crisis, many aspiring entrepreneurs, in order not to risk their money, are looking for an opportunity to start from scratch with minimal capital. If you carefully analyze the manufacturing sector, you can find many profitable areas that do not require large financial investments. What kind of production is profitable to open in 2018, we will try to figure it out in this publication.

Frames for pictures and photos

You can build a profitable successful business on these simple decor elements. If you can’t decide which small production you can open at home, try to implement this simple and quite promising idea in 2018.

Picture frames are always in demand on the market, since sales of such products do not depend on seasonality. To open such a business, you do not need to issue special permits or purchase equipment. The easiest way to organize such production on the basis of an existing carpentry workshop or in your own garage.

The most profitable option is the manufacture of baguette frames to order. In this case, you do not have to invest in the purchase of material. The production of frames is a rather labor-intensive work, since some operations, such as gilding and varnishing, are carried out manually. It can take from 1 hour to 4 days to make one frame. The cost of the product largely depends on its size and complexity of work. To make this bring additional profit, you can offer customers the decoration of finished products or the manufacture of various boxes and souvenirs.

Inflatable boat

Many modern people prefer outdoor activities, so the demand for inflatable boats has recently begun to grow. They are bought by lovers of fishing, hunting, athletes and ordinary tourists. The production of inflatable boats is a great option for people who are interested in which mini production is profitable to open in 2018. Inexpensive, high-quality, easy-to-use products are in the greatest demand.

At the moment, the market for inflatable boats is not completely saturated, but despite this, there are still competitors. Such products are supplied by domestic and foreign manufacturers. To open the production of inflatable boats, you will need certain investments. Investments pay off very quickly, since such a business is highly profitable. In addition, it is necessary to hire qualified specialists with extensive experience in this field.

The most important advantage of this line of business is that it does not require large capital investments. To organize production, you will need about 50 thousand rubles. To save money at the start, special equipment can be made by hand.

Pottery can be mastered in special courses or with the help of video tutorials on the Internet. This is excellent. In order for it to bring a good profit, you need to find reliable distribution channels for finished products. This is a very important point to consider when developing a business plan for an enterprise.

Paper bags

According to experts, the production of paper bags is considered the most stable and promising type of business activity. This new business idea from scratch for a small business in 2018, with the right approach, will allow you to make a decent fortune. In order to achieve success in this business, it is necessary to purchase special equipment. Its cost largely depends on the performance, power and economy of the installation. An ordinary machine costs about 140-160 thousand rubles. Since the business is characterized by a quick payback, if financial opportunities allow you, you can immediately purchase an automated line that produces about 200 blanks in 1 hour.

In addition to machines, you also need to purchase a mechanism for stitching the bottom of bags, a printing machine with multi-color printing and a punching machine. As a rule, all beginners buy used equipment. Over time, when the company reaches a net profit, you can re-equip production and purchase an expensive automatic line. This profitable one allows you to quickly promote your business and reach serious profits.

Antifreeze

The production of antifreeze liquid can be organized by anyone in their own garage. This is the best way . To do this, it is enough to buy a small installation for mixing ingredients and a plastic container.

The production technology of non-freeze is very simple. It can be mastered by anyone without special education and any experience. The initial investment pays off in the shortest possible time. It reaches the break-even point in just 1 year. Profit largely depends on the volume of output of finished products. The prime cost of antifreeze is 40% lower than its wholesale price. This opens up great prospects for beginners. If things go well, after a certain time you can open a small enterprise for the production of automotive technical fluids and significantly increase your income.

Pasta

During the crisis, many novice businessmen are thinking about what profitable production can be opened with minimal investment. In difficult economic conditions, the demand for inexpensive food products, and in particular for pasta, is significantly increasing. Such a product can be found in any store, but despite this, experts believe that the market is not yet oversaturated with these products, so beginners can safely open their own business in this segment.

For the production of pasta, you will need special equipment. If your budget does not allow for an imported production line, buy a few used domestic units and get to work. They can be found in advertisements on the Internet.

It is more profitable to sell finished products in bulk to shops, canteens, supermarkets, etc. At first, the goods will be taken in small batches. If the product is of good quality, the demand for it will grow, and over time you will be able to sell pasta in large volumes. This will significantly increase the profitability of the enterprise. You no longer have to think about what kind of production to open in the city, since a small pasta shop will fully provide for your entire family.

cinder blocks

The difficult economic situation and financial instability make many people think about what kind of production can be opened in a private house in order to improve their financial situation. The most affordable option is the production of cinder blocks. Such a case can be organized in just 2-3 days. It is enough to purchase raw materials and install special equipment. Before starting work, you need to find channels for marketing finished products. This is a very important point, because without established sales, you will not be able to achieve a stable income.

As for equipment, you will need:

cinder block machine;
Concrete mixer;
Forms;
Construction wheelbarrow;
Shovels.

For all this you will spend 1-2 thousand dollars. The initial investment will be returned after the first 3-4 batches of products are sold. As you can see, this is not a very costly production for a small business, so if you have the desire and free money, try to do such a profitable business.

Dumplings

The popularity of dumplings is only growing every year. Almost all citizens of our country love this tasty and satisfying dish. But, unfortunately, not everyone knows how to sculpt homemade dumplings on their own. In addition, this process takes a lot of time. It is much more convenient to buy frozen dumplings in the store, cook them quickly and serve them at the table for lunch or dinner.

High-quality and beautiful clothes - this is what will be in demand at any time of the year. There are few well-developed chains of ateliers, and small sewing workshops are mainly engaged in repairing clothes. The competition in this industry is low, and everyone can do this interesting business. Moreover, the sewing business does not require large investments. What is interesting about the tailoring business idea, what are the pros and cons for start-up entrepreneurs, how to open a clothing manufacturing business from scratch and what should be done for this, read on.

First steps

The relevance of the business idea is that there are many different clothing stores in the city. But, having come to any of them, you do not always find what you need. And then a person can turn to a tailor and order a product to his taste and size.

It is important to immediately decide what types of services your studio will offer. The following options are possible:

Tailoring of specialized clothes (medical coats, uniforms, etc.). In this case, you can count on large orders from the owners of pharmacy chains, construction or specialized services. You can also participate in public procurement tenders.
Tailoring and repair of outerwear. You will need to purchase specialized powerful sewing machines, as work with leather, fur, and thick fabric is ahead. The main users will be private clients.
Tailoring and repair of light clothing: dresses, shirts, trousers. This option is the easiest for beginners. You will need a small room and simple equipment.

How to start a project? To understand whether it will be profitable to open one or another type of sewing workshop in your region, a competitor analysis is carried out. An idea is being thought about how to take its place in the market and offer customers something new, different from competitors.

The idea of tailoring has its pros and cons associated with high risks:

Insolvency of the target audience in the region.
Poor-quality equipment requires high repair costs.
The tailor's lack of experience makes marriage or damage to things possible, for which the tailor is responsible to the customer.
Tailor-made clothes always come out more expensive than analogues from Chinese manufacturers, so it is difficult to make money at the atelier in Russian regions with below-average incomes.

Of the benefits: low costs, no special requirements for the premises and location.

How to register a business

To organize a sewing production, it is enough to issue an IP on your own. But if you are planning to start manufacturing workwear or open a factory, then it is better to immediately register an LLC. The fact is that individual entrepreneurs do not have the right to participate in state auctions, and large companies will be more willing to cooperate with a legal entity.

To register an individual entrepreneur, you will need the following package of documents:

IP registration application. The application indicates one main and two additional activities. The following codes are suitable for a sewing workshop: 14.1 “Manufacturing and tailoring of clothes of any type, except for working with furs”, 14.2 “Manufacturing of overalls”. OKVED is selected depending on the chosen specifics of your studio.
Receipt from the bank confirming the payment of the state fee.
Notarized copies of passports and TIN.

To notarize photocopies costs from 1500 rubles. The tax authorities will have three weeks to consider the application. After receiving the certificate, you must immediately switch to the simplified taxation system.

But don't waste time. When the documents are collected and submitted, you can proceed to the implementation of the idea.

Organizational matters

To implement the idea, you need a small, but very bright room. Even the basement of a large shopping center will do. The main thing is that your potential customers can easily get into the order department. It is better to place the studio in the central part of the city, near public transport stops. It is good if there are beauty salons, bookstores selling fashion magazines nearby. A small workshop will need a room of at least 80 square meters. m.

Inside the room is zoned:

Reception area.
Dressing room.
Sewing factory.
Recreation area and locker room for staff.

If the price list of your services includes only the repair of clothes, then an area of 20 square meters is enough. m. The fitting room is fenced right next to the sewing area. But high incomes from a small clothing repair department are not to be expected.

Staff

The sewing workshop will require the following personnel:

Director. Will control the work, establish relationships with major customers.
Accountant. Maintains accounting records.
Seamstress-cutter (4 people). Carries out fitting, cutting, tailoring of products.
Fashion designer. Works with clients, creates individual projects, draws up a showcase area.
Cleaning woman.

A flexible work schedule is being developed. The administrative staff works every day, from Monday to Friday, from 09:00 to 19:00. Seamstresses work in pairs in shifts according to a 2/2 schedule, a fashion designer - from 10:00 to 19:00 every day.

All employees work under an employment contract, and contributions to pension and insurance funds are made for them. The accountant and director work on a salary system. Seamstresses-cutters and a fashion designer have a salary in the amount of the minimum wage and 5% of each completed order.

More detailed personnel costs are described in the business plan for the sewing workshop.

Equipment

For the equipment of the sewing workshop, you will need to purchase the following equipment:

Machine 1022 class - 1 pc.
Machine 51-A class - 1 pc.
Machine 62761 class - 1 pc.
Car class 97 - 1 pc.
Cutting table - 1 pc.
Mannequin - 3 pcs.
Steam iron - 2 pcs.
Ironing board - 2 pcs.
Bracket - 1 pc.
Coffee table - 1 pc.
Desk - 1 pc.
Computer - 1 pc.
Mirrors - 6 pcs.
Tailor's scissors - 4 pcs.

Sewing accessories: needles, pins, hairpins, threads.

It will take at least 500,000 rubles to equip a small studio. The cost and step-by-step instructions are detailed in the business plan.

In addition to basic expenses, you need at least 100,000 rubles. for contingencies and equipment depreciation.

Marketing

The profitability of the project directly depends on the number of customers. To attract customers, the studio introduced the following specific services: coffee, tea, consultation with a fashion designer, fashion magazines. Convenient work schedule from 09:00 to 19:00 and a lunch break from 13:00 to 14:00. Day off - Sunday.

The studio has introduced a number of features that attract consumers:

It produces its own catalog, which presents various options for light outerwear. In the catalog it is possible to order a specific model in the desired color range and from a specific fabric.
With the help of software, a fashion designer can visually demonstrate to clients how the finished item will look on the figure in one color or another.
Discounts are offered for children's models, for large families, pensioners.

Eventually

The sewing workshop business idea is suitable for aspiring entrepreneurs with different budget levels. It is not difficult to implement a business from scratch, since a large list of equipment is not required. The main thing is to choose your direction in tailoring and implement the idea according to a detailed business plan. Investments in this small business at a minimum will amount to 500,000 rubles. The project will pay off in 1-2 years.

Where to begin?

When we talk about the garment industry, two scenarios are possible. In the first case, the entrepreneur purchases equipment, hires staff and takes orders from various designers, companies and even other industries that do not have enough capacity to sew everything that is needed. In this case, there is no question of creating your own clothes and brand, you do not need to think about how to sell products.

The second case - and this is just my situation - implies that first the products will be manufactured, the demand for it will be studied and distribution channels will be found, and only then will our own factory be launched.

Both types of production can work in symbiosis, and each path has both pluses and minuses. Starting a production that works with orders will require a large amount of investment and fixed costs. The advantage of the second way is that there are no fixed costs. But at the same time, you cannot control the production process and the timing of the order from the performers.

If there were factories that were taken on time and to sew products with high quality, I would not open my own production.

An unsuccessful choice of the target audience and a lack of understanding of its priorities can put an end to your entire business. Many of the jacket manufacturers closed down simply because they focused on fashion and made for young people. It was a road to nowhere, as young people would rather go to the market and buy a fake but well-known brand there, rather than quality clothes under a little-known brand.

I immediately decided to go the other way and chose an older audience - 30-40 years old. These are people who no longer care about the tag on their clothes. It is important for them that the products are of high quality and convenient. A little later, we reoriented ourselves a bit and now we sew clothes primarily for travel, but we also have urban models of jackets.

Keep in mind that it is not worth sewing a large batch of products right away. To begin with, it is better to make a small number of products and see how they will sell.

Having decided on the target audience and products, you need to think over distribution channels. For example, you can sell your products both to wholesalers who will already resell them in their stores, and to retail buyers through your own network of stores or an online store with delivery. We use both methods in our practice. But we still focus on retail customers.

It is not worth spontaneously launching your own production. An ideal option if you already have some experience in the clothing industry or light industry, entrepreneurial experience. In this case, you will have an idea about the work and certain connections in this environment. It is advisable to spy on how the work of other manufacturers is built. In addition, it is worth immediately attracting professionals to your team who can be entrusted with solving highly specialized issues in which you are not entirely competent. Good technologists, designers and production directors will save you a headache.

Investment size

The amount of investment will depend mainly on what kind of production you want. If you plan to simply take orders from others, work on raw materials to be supplied, you need at least 20-30 machines to have a sufficient production volume. With small volumes, such sewing production will not be profitable.

In addition to 20 ordinary sewing machines, you will need 10 more different devices: overlockers, button and rivet machines, and so on. The prices for such tools can be very different, but it is quite possible to count on an average of 15 thousand rubles for a used car. If you are working on tolling raw materials, fabric, threads, accessories and other necessary things will be provided to you by the customer, so this expense item is no longer needed.

But keep in mind that workers will have to pay salaries from the first day of the opening of production, and there will most likely not be large orders at first.

The biggest problem with any production is fixed costs.

Personal experience

I chose a fairly narrow audience - travelers - and began to act through it. I sewed a trial batch of jackets and distributed them to people who actively travel and are known in certain circles. They began to mention our products in their blogs, upload photos. But the real breakthrough came after one of the bloggers came to talk about jackets.

The conversation was not so much about jackets as about business, and the guest asked permission to record the conversation on a dictaphone. After that, he published a recording of the conversation on his blog. I was surprised that the record got so many positive reviews. After this publication, I began to receive offers of cooperation from federal newspapers and TV channels. So the coolest part of my brand PR cost me next to nothing.

One way or another, the entrepreneur is faced with the question of where to get the money to start his production. After all, 2 million rubles are not lying on the road. The very first thought is to get a loan, but in today's conditions, loans are increasingly turning into a stone that drowns a business.

The most reasonable way is gradual financing. Collecting a couple of hundred thousand rubles is quite realistic, and with this amount you can start something. This scheme is best used if you are launching your own brand.

It is very difficult to apply such a scheme to garment production using raw materials to be supplied. Therefore, it is worth trying to attract an investor, for example, by promising him a share in the business. Although investors are very reluctant to invest in production, there are many risks, and the profitability is low.

Step-by-step instruction

So, at first, you need to decide on the type of clothing production, the target audience, calculate the amount of funding and find its source. After that, you can proceed directly to the creation of production. And the first thing you need is to find suppliers of equipment and raw materials.

As you know, it is always easier to buy than to sell. There are a lot of equipment suppliers - from used to the newest and most modern - in Russia. At the same time, most of them are now extremely willing to make contact, because queues of buyers do not line up for them. It is not difficult to find such suppliers via the Internet. The main thing is to decide what kind of equipment you need and what price you are willing to pay for it.

When choosing a fabric supplier, you need to proceed from what kind of product you have. For example, if you sew outfits in the premium segment, it makes sense to spend money on expensive European fabrics. At the same time, there are a lot of suppliers on the market working with Russia and China. Fabrics from these countries can be much cheaper, so if you work for a consumer with an average income, it is better to prefer them. But it is important that the quality of the fabric remains at a decent level, and it is not produced in a handicraft factory.

If you have a large enough volume of production, then you can contact the factories directly. Although intermediaries now also do not “cheat” prices much.

The main difficulty in the clothing industry is finding good staff. To begin with, you will need a production manager who will strictly monitor discipline. He must be motivated to do his job well. In addition, it is important that he understands the production process itself and can suggest how to correct something.

You will also need a cutter who can not only cut according to ready-made patterns, but can also make changes to them. For a large production, two cutters will be needed.

An important figure is a technologist who will choose the optimal operating modes, control the quality of products, improve the production process, etc.

If you plan to design clothes yourself, you will need a designer who will make patterns. But in the event that you are just going to work with third-party orders, it is also desirable to have such a specialist on staff. Often the customer does not provide any patterns, but simply brings a sample of the finished product. Therefore, there should be a person in production who, by the appearance of the jacket, will recreate the pattern.

I do not advise taking on production of young employees, because they are not motivated, and as a result, the quality of work suffers.

The negligent attitude of the staff to work entails direct material losses: negligent employees can simply spoil good expensive material. As a rule, people of pre-retirement age approach their duties more responsibly. And it's not just experience or financial motivation. Most of these people are just ashamed to do their job poorly.

The advantage of sewing production is that the hours of work can be almost any. The main thing is that the required number of products is sewn for the shift. When I opened production in St. Petersburg, we started working at 10 am. But having moved to Veliky Novgorod, I was faced with the fact that the workers want to "guess" the time of the shift so as to be in time for their personal plots. Therefore, in winter and autumn, we usually work from 8 to 5, and in summer we start even earlier. The question of how many shifts to introduce at your enterprise depends on its load and on the number of orders.

When deciding where to open production, it is worth deciding not only on the area and infrastructure, but also on the city. It is best to open in small towns. As a rule, renting premises in them is much cheaper, and besides, there are more chances to establish contacts with local management, which can be very useful.

As for the location of the premises, you do not need good pedestrian traffic or a central area at all. Moreover, renting a room in the city center is quite expensive, so it is better to choose a location on the outskirts. But remember that employees should be convenient to get to work. The area of the room will depend mainly on how many jobs you have. There are no special repair requirements.

Detailed requirements for sewing production are prescribed in SanPiN 5182-90, released back in 1990. But many of the requirements in it are actually outdated. For example, the document states the requirement not to exceed the noise level of 80 dBA, but in fact no separate measures to reduce the noise level are needed, since modern sewing machines are quite quiet.

The main requirement is good lighting.

The sewing workshop should have sources of natural light, as well as fluorescent lamps. In addition, each workplace must be equipped with local lighting.

To start work, no permits from SES and firefighters are required. All necessary documents and contracts must be provided to you by the landlord. It is also desirable to certify production in accordance with ISO 9001.

Remember that current laws prohibit inspections of a business in the first three years if you have not received any complaints. That is, you will have a margin of time in order to calmly and without haste collect all the documents, bring the premises in line with the standards, get certified and work.

The documents

In the case of clothing production, it is preferable to register an LLC rather than an individual entrepreneur. Simply because, in the eyes of the customer, LLC looks much more reliable.

It is best to choose a simplified taxation regime. In the event that you work on tolling raw materials, choose the formula “income minus expenses”. Accounting will be more strict, but you will be able to save money, since the main expense item will be staff salaries.

Often, many people who decide to become entrepreneurs have a desire not only to make a profit from their business, but to directly take an active part in it - to work and produce goods themselves. However, how to make your own production uninterrupted and in demand? We invite the reader to answer this question in this article.

What is own production?

First you need to understand the terminology. From the point of view of economics, any production is a process associated with the manufacture of various kinds of products.

Commercial activity - a set of measures aimed at making a profit by performing transactions for the purchase and sale of goods or services.

The concept of "own production" (or production activity), in turn, means that a person is personally engaged in the manufacture of something. This is what we will talk about today.

How to start your own production? Choice of specialization

Firstly, it will significantly reduce the initial investment in the business for the reason that the demand for the product being produced will be stable, although not numerous (an ideal launching pad for the development of small capital).

Secondly, personal participation in the production of goods will help to focus on it, and this, in turn, will become a good motive for increasing the quality of products and improving the technological process.

Naturally, high-quality products of own production will have a good reputation in the market, which will be another indisputable plus for the entrepreneur.

There can be a lot of options here: from the manufacture of small household items (decorative shelves, candlesticks, etc.), souvenirs, knitwear to artistic forging (for example, various window bars, gates) and furniture.

However, do not lose sight of the fact that there are products for the production of which a license is required.

Formation of the legal and material foundation

Further development of own production has two options: depending on its focus and volume, a person who decides to organize a business can operate as an individual entrepreneur (individual entrepreneur) or a legal entity.

The latter option is suitable if the entrepreneur plans to work with medium or large production.

Official registration of their activities with the relevant authorities.
Purchase or lease of premises where the business will be conducted in our case).
Purchase or rental of special equipment required for production.
Salary to employees, as well as their costs (for example, registration of a work book, purchase of accessories necessary for work, etc.).
Marketing and advertising activities.

The last point should be given special attention for the reason that today people advertise almost everything: their business, home production, services provided, etc.

There are a lot of options for good and really effective advertising at the moment. For lower costs, you can limit yourself to hiring a few promoters or posters (for advertising, as a rule, special bulletin boards are prepared).

Involve workforce

It's no secret that any production requires a business. Without it, a household will not last long (if at all they can exist).

If we are talking about small-scale production, then the best option would be to hire a team of workers under the leadership of a foreman. When hiring, it is best to give preference to specialists who are well versed in the field of production.

In addition to the worker, it is necessary to hire and Usually this is: a driver (part-time courier), a loader, a storekeeper, a measurer. Some specialties and positions can be combined.

Sources of financing

Any business, unless, of course, the entrepreneur has serious intentions, requires significant investments.

Many businessmen who deal with production activities prefer to take loans from banks. The fact is that today many banks regard such production as a profitable business and are happy to finance it by issuing a targeted loan to an entrepreneur.

Often, in relation to entrepreneurship, various kinds of promotions are held, allowing a businessman to obtain loans on conditions that are quite favorable for business (most often, such privileges apply to agriculture).