Pulmonary influenza and its symptoms. The first symptoms and signs of the flu Severe flu symptoms

The so-called "pulmonary" form of acute respiratory diseases or pulmonary flu rages annually in some regions of Russia.

This is an infectious disease that affects the respiratory tract and causes dangerous consequences for human health and life.

Despite the fact that this form is a variation of the usual flu, it is quite difficult, and serious complications are often present.

The disease must be treated immediately after the diagnosis is made, otherwise the person runs the risk of getting pneumonia and some heart diseases.

The consequences of lung flu can be serious for anyone

Rarely where today you can find truthful information about the pulmonary flu, because it occurs in a small number of people, although it brings great harm to human health.

This is an acute respiratory illness caused by a specific influenza infection.

In this case, intoxication of the body occurs, the virus affects the respiratory tract, resulting in bronchitis, pneumonia, heart complications, etc.

The peak incidence of this form usually occurs in the winter months, especially January and February.

What caused the disease?

Infection occurs by airborne droplets, the infection passes from one person to another.

Dangerous microbes begin to actively multiply inside the body, there is a high probability that they will also enter the body of those people with whom you communicate and live, have been together for a long time.

People become infected under the following circumstances:

• at work;
• in public transport;
• in crowded places (at concerts, stadiums, in swimming pools and saunas);
• in shops and supermarkets;
• through personal contact with an already infected person.

You can get infected with this form of the disease anywhere: at work, in public transport, on the street.

Doctors recommend avoiding crowded places during flu epidemics . If this is not possible, you should wear a medical bandage, change it more often so that germs do not have time to penetrate inside.

Prevention

It is much easier to prevent a disease than to subsequently treat it and get rid of its consequences, this is also true for the pulmonary form of influenza.

There are several effective preventive measures that will strengthen the immune system and resist the spread of the virus in the body:

1. Frequently ventilate the room so that there is always fresh air in the room.
2. It is enough to rest a lot, draw up a daily routine, evenly distributing the regime of work and rest.
3. Get vaccinated against influenza.
4. Take immunostimulating drugs that strengthen the immune system and help fight various infections.
5. Take vitamins and multivitamins.

When the first signs of the disease occur, it is necessary to contact a qualified therapist who will establish an accurate diagnosis and prescribe appropriate drugs for the treatment of influenza.

Symptoms

Symptoms of pulmonary flu are quite pronounced:

• A sharp increase in body temperature up to 38-40 degrees.
• Dizziness, general weakness of the body.
• Pain in muscles and joints.
• Feeling of nausea and vomiting.
• The appearance of symptoms characteristic of ordinary flu: runny nose, cough, sore throat.
• Redness of the skin.

• Pulmonary flu comes on very quickly and rarely goes unnoticed.
• It can be recognized by high temperature already in the first days of illness.
• Microbes multiply inside, and therefore it is worth fearing intoxication of the body, as a result of which the entire human respiratory system may suffer.
• Often this form of the disease leads to inflammation of the lungs and certain problems in the work of the heart.
• You should not fight the disease on your own, because it can end badly, and the consequences of the disease will remain for a long time.

Symptoms of the pulmonary form are in many ways similar to those of other types of influenza.

How to treat lung flu?

As a rule, standard treatment is prescribed, which is also carried out with the usual form of influenza. However, the individual characteristics of the patient's body, his age, the presence of certain contraindications are taken into account.

These are immunostimulating agents, and antiviral drugs, and many other drugs that can strengthen a person’s immunity and rid him of pathogenic bacteria.

The fact is that recently a lot of bacteria have appeared that are resistant to the action of almost all antibiotics, and lung influenza viruses are just such a persistent infection.

Antibiotics are prescribed if the disease has already given complications in the form of pneumonia or heart pathologies.

Here are some drugs used to treat lung flu:

1. Antivirals. Kagocel, Arbidol, Cycloferon, Lavomax, etc.
2. Immunostimulants. Amiksin, Immunal, Betaferon, etc.
3. Anti-inflammatory drugs. Ibuprofen, Paracetamol.
4. Inhibitors. Amprilan, Pyramil, Tamiflu, etc.
5. Treatment with folk remedies. Used tea with raspberries, lemon, inhalations with decoctions of herbs, compresses.

It should be understood that the treatment should be prescribed by an experienced specialist, and not independently at home. This is the only way to count on a speedy recovery and the absence of complications.

In addition, it is worth mentioning that the treatment should be comprehensive.

For example, the use of only anti-inflammatory drugs will relieve the inflammatory process, but will not eliminate bacteria, folk methods even perform an auxiliary function, so their use is not enough.

Naturally, if there are any contraindications, the doctor prescribes other drugs after a thorough examination. In the event of complications, appropriate treatment for pneumonia, heart disease, etc. is carried out.

There are many antiviral drugs that can be used to treat lung flu.

We reviewed the main symptoms, course and treatment of pulmonary influenza, therefore, you just have to follow preventive measures so as not to become infected with this disease, and in case of infection, start effective treatment as soon as possible.

The flu has long been known to mankind. Its first epidemic was in 1580. In those days, people knew nothing about the nature of this disease. Respiratory disease pandemic in 1918-1920. was called the "Spanish flu", but it was precisely an epidemic of severe influenza. At the same time, incredible mortality was noted - at lightning speed, even young people developed pneumonia and pulmonary edema.

Influenza is a type of acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI). And according to the method of infection, and according to the main manifestations, all SARS are similar. But the flu causes much more intoxication. Often the course is severe and leads to various kinds of complications.

Causes of the Flu

The source of infection is a sick person. Viruses are shed in saliva, sputum, nasal secretions - when coughing and sneezing. Viruses can get on the mucous membranes of the nose, eyes or upper respiratory tract directly from the air. Also in close contact with a sick person. And they can settle on various surfaces and then get on the mucous membranes through the hands. Or when using common hygiene items with the patient.

Then the virus enters the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract (nose, pharynx, larynx or trachea). Then it penetrates the cells and begins to actively multiply. In just a few hours, the virus infects almost the entire mucosa of the upper respiratory tract. The virus "loves" the respiratory mucosa very much, and is not able to infect other organs. That is why it is incorrect to use the term "intestinal flu" - the flu cannot affect the intestinal mucosa. Most often, what is called the intestinal flu - fever, intoxication, accompanied by diarrhea - is a viral gastroenteritis.

It is not precisely established, thanks to which protective mechanisms the reproduction of the virus stops and recovery occurs. Usually, after 2-5 days, the virus ceases to be released into the environment; a sick person ceases to be dangerous.

Forms of the course of the disease

Light - body temperature rises by no more than 38 ° C. And the symptoms of intoxication are mild or absent.

Medium - body temperature in the range of 38.5-39.5 ° C. The classic symptoms of the disease are also noted: intoxication (headache, photophobia, muscle and joint pain, profuse sweating). In addition, typical changes in the posterior pharyngeal wall, redness of the conjunctiva. Also, nasal congestion, damage to the trachea and larynx (dry cough, chest pain, hoarse voice).

Severe form – expressed intoxication, body temperature 39-40°C. In addition, nosebleeds, signs of encephalopathy (hallucinations, convulsions), and vomiting occur.

Hypertoxic – body temperature above 40°C. Also, the symptoms of intoxication are most pronounced, as a result of which toxicosis of the nervous system occurs. Further, cerebral edema and infectious-toxic shock of varying severity. Respiratory failure may develop.

Lightning form of influenza is dangerous with the possibility of death. This is especially true for weakened patients, as well as patients with comorbidities they have. With this form, edema of the brain and lungs develops. Also respiratory failure, bleeding and other serious complications.

Symptoms

The incubation period of influenza lasts from several hours to several days. During this time, the virus has time to multiply and enters the bloodstream in large quantities, causing viremia.

With the flu, the symptoms make themselves felt by such signs: a sharp rise in temperature to high numbers (from 39 to 40 degrees Celsius), aching joints, headaches and muscle pain. There may be hyperemia of the skin and sclera of the eyes, exacerbation of herpes infection.

Then other flu symptoms appear in adults: nasal congestion with scanty discharge, perspiration and unpleasant symptoms in the nasopharynx. In some people, under the influence of high temperature and intoxication, the work of the digestive tract is disrupted, dyspeptic disorders and diarrhea appear. In infants, flu symptoms resemble bronchitis, pneumonia, and other respiratory infections. In this case, a small child may have diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain.

With a favorable course, the disease lasts from five to seven days, but the body fully restores its working state only after two to three weeks.

Who is more susceptible to the flu

• Persons suffering from chronic diseases of cardiovascular diseases. But especially congenital and acquired heart disease (especially mitral stenosis).
• Persons suffering from chronic lung diseases (including bronchial asthma).
• Patients with diabetes.
• Patients with chronic diseases of the kidneys and blood.
• Pregnant.
• Older people over 65 years of age, since in most cases they have chronic diseases to one degree or another.
• Children under 2 years of age and those who are immunocompromised are also susceptible to complications from the flu.

Flu Complications

Viral complications of the flu

Primary viral pneumonia - an extremely severe complication of influenza. It is caused by the spread of the virus from the upper respiratory tract further along the bronchial tree and damage to the lungs. The disease is steadily progressing. At the same time, intoxication is expressed to an extreme degree, shortness of breath is observed, sometimes with the development of respiratory failure. There is a cough with scanty sputum, sometimes with an admixture of blood. Heart defects, especially mitral stenosis, predispose to viral pneumonia.

Infectious-toxic shock - an extreme degree of intoxication with impaired functioning of vital organs: in particular, the cardiovascular system (there is a pronounced increase in heart rate and a critical drop in blood pressure) and kidneys.

Myocarditis and pericarditis – how flu complications occurred during the Spanish flu pandemic. Currently extremely rare.

Bacterial complications of influenza

With influenza, the natural resistance to other infections is significantly reduced. The body spends all reserves on fighting the virus, so bacterial infections often join the clinical picture. Especially in the presence of any chronic bacterial diseases - all of them tend to worsen after the flu.

bacterial pneumonia. Usually, after 2-3 days of the acute course of the disease, after the condition improves, the temperature rises again. There is a cough with yellow or green sputum. It is important not to miss the onset of this complication and start treatment on time with properly selected antibiotics.

Otitis, sinusitis, frontal sinusitis. Bacterial inflammation of the sinuses and ear are perhaps the most common complications of the flu.

Glomerulonephritis is an inflammation of the renal tubules, which is accompanied by a decrease in kidney function.

Meningitis, encephalitis - inflammation of the membranes and / or tissue of the brain. It occurs most often in patients at risk, mainly those suffering from immunodeficiency.

Septic conditions - conditions accompanied by the ingestion and subsequent multiplication of bacteria in the blood. Extremely serious conditions, often ending in death.

With the flu, it is important to drink more liquid - it will help to quickly remove toxins from the body and alleviate the patient's condition.

In the acute period of the disease, bed rest is necessary. Mild and moderate forms are treated at home, severe - in a hospital. Abundant fluid intake is recommended (fruit drinks, compotes, juices, mineral water, weak tea).

For treatment, antiviral drugs are used - anaferon, nasal drops - influenzaferon, rimantadine, viferon, arbidol and others. These drugs can be purchased independently at the pharmacy. They are dispensed without a doctor's prescription.

Despite the availability of many drugs, most Russians prefer to treat the flu with a significant delay, or, even worse, endure the disease on their feet. As a result, up to 40% of people with influenza are at risk of getting bronchitis, pneumonia, sinusitis, less often - pyelonephritis, stomatitis and other complications. The appearance of chills, runny nose and other symptoms of the flu should definitely push a person to start treatment.

To combat fever, antipyretic drugs are used, of which there are a great many today, but it is preferable to use paracetamol and ibuprofen, as well as drugs made on the basis of these substances. Antipyretic drugs are used when the temperature rises more than 38.5 ° C.

To get rid of cough, expectorants are used - bromhexine, ambroxol (ambrohexal, ambrobene, lazolvan, fervex cough), erespal. When coughing with tight, difficult to separate sputum, you can humidify the air in the room using a special device - a humidifier. Breathing will become easier, sputum will be separated faster. They fight with a runny nose by instillation of drops.

Also, to strengthen the immune system, you can take ascorbic acid and multivitamins.

Antiviral therapy

intranasal interferon

leukocyte 5 drops in the nose 5 times a day,

gripferon 2-3 drops 3-4 times a day for the first 3-4 days.

Antiflu - immunoglobulin is administered to patients suffering from immunodeficiency

rimantadine - an antiviral agent. It is better to start treatment with rimantadine on the first day of the disease, and at least not later than 3 days. It is NOT recommended to take the drug to children under 12 years of age, pregnant women, people suffering from chronic diseases of the liver and kidneys. NOT effective for "swine flu". Treatment continues for 3 days.

According to statistics, many adults in the case of a cold, flu and other acute respiratory viral infections simply do not know the fundamental rules for their treatment. The advice of doctors will help to quickly cure these diseases in children and adults.

In order for the treatment to have an effect, it is necessary to correctly diagnose the disease. Therefore, people are often interested in how to distinguish influenza from SARS. This is due to the similar symptoms of these diseases.

The flu always starts instantly. A person in most cases indicates the exact time when he became worse. And with ARVI, deterioration occurs slowly and lasts for 1-2 days.

The beginning of the flu is characterized by pain in the head, in the forehead, in the eyes. Appears in the body of the ache. The temperature reaches 39-40C. ARVI begins with nasal congestion, it tickles in the throat and it hurts to swallow, it does not ache in the body. With ARVI, the temperature does not exceed 38.5C.

The main difference in the initial period is redness of the eyes and lacrimation. This is the symptom of the flu. And sneezing is typical for SARS.

Distinguish influenza from SARS by the nature of the cough. With SARS, the patient begins to cough from the very beginning of the disease. At the same time, it is dry and jerky. Cough at a flu arises only for 2 3 days. With coughing, soreness in the throat and runny nose appear. Coughing exhausts the patient and causes pain in the sternum.

With the flu, a person feels worse in comparison with SARS, up to loss of working capacity. Incorrect treatment of influenza threatens with serious complications, even fraught with death.

ARVI does not entail complications and disappears in 7-10 days. The body is not weakened after the disease. Influenza is different in this, since during the recovery period a person may feel dizzy, lack appetite, and be irritable.

How to properly treat influenza in adults: methods, treatment regimen

There are several ways to treat the flu:

• Medication;
• homeopathic;
• folk methods.

Treatment regimen:

• Diagnosis, clarification of the severity of the disease, this will indicate how to treat influenza in an adult;
• The main treatment prescribed by the doctor;
• Antiviral treatment

Flu treatment at the first sign, without fever

The first signs of influenza are:

• Frequent sneezing.
• Nasal congestion without mucus.
• Dry cough.
• Sore throat.

When symptoms of the flu appear:

• Observe bed rest;
• Drink plenty of liquids;
• Refuse junk food;
• Quit smoking, alcohol;
• Consult a doctor.

Treatment of influenza with fever, cough and complications, signs in an adult

When you get the flu, you need to be careful about your treatment. Since the flu is fraught with various complications. Therefore, when signs such as coughing, fever appear, you should contact a therapist who will prescribe the necessary treatment.

Coughing exhausts the patient and is the cause of pain behind the sternum. Dry cough brings more anxiety at night. It does not stop for a long time and does not give rest to a person. With proper treatment, it moves to the next stage. At this stage, coughing produces sputum. For the treatment of cough prescribed tablets, syrups.

A high temperature is a sign of the functioning of the immune system. But at a temperature, convulsions, vomiting may appear, and individual intolerance is also possible. In these cases, taking antipyretics is recommended even with a slight increase in temperature.

You can’t ask your friends how to treat influenza in adults and self-medicate. For any complications, you should contact a specialist. The course of treatment should be prescribed by a doctor.

It is necessary to urgently seek the help of a specialist if the following signs appear:

• convulsions;
• Hallucinations, impaired consciousness of the patient;
• Temperature above 40C;
• Shortness of breath, difficulty breathing;
• Pain in the back of the head, not relieved by drugs;
• Rash on the skin.

Medical treatment for influenza

Drug treatment of influenza should be carried out in a complex. It includes:

• Etiotropic therapy destroys the influenza virus.
• Pathogenetic therapy stops the development of the disease.
• Symptomatic therapy.

How to treat, inexpensive but effective medicines, names of pills, list

Effective medicines for flu and colds fall into three groups:

• Antiviral: Tamiflu, Oseltamivir, Amiksin and Ribavirin.
• Immunomodulators: "Cycloferon", "Kagocel" and "Anaferon".
• Medicines that eliminate the symptoms of the disease: ColdactFlu Plus, Coldrex, Rinza and Fervex.

What antibiotics for flu should adults take?

Viral disease lasts for 3-5 days. If the patient's condition does not improve, then doctors prescribe antibiotics.

Ceftriaxone

Ceftriaxone is considered one of the most powerful antibiotics. It is not worth using it at the beginning of the disease, since this is an antibacterial spectrum medicine, not an antiviral one. The reason for the appointment can only be a very dangerous complication.

Doctors prescribe Ceftriaxin for the following complications after the flu:

• pneumonia;
• lung abscess;
• purulent tonsillitis;
• sepsis;
• bacterial diseases of the genitourinary system;
• meningitis.

Cefazolin

Cefazolin is the most effective and powerful antibiotic. Specialists prescribe it in the case when other antibiotics have not had a therapeutic effect. It has a small range of side effects and they occur in rare cases.

Most often, patients complain of severe pain when injected with Cefazolin and compaction of the injection site. However, it is worth being patient for a speedy recovery.

Azithromycin

Azithrimycin belongs to the group of broad-spectrum drugs. It is characterized by an antibacterial therapeutic effect. Azithromycin suppresses pathogenic bacteria and quickly improves the patient's condition. This drug has a cumulative property.

With each subsequent dose, Azithromycin enhances its effect and retains its therapeutic effect for several more days after the last dose. This medicine is effective for influenza with complications. A big plus is its good tolerability, and also rarely has side effects.

He is appointed:

• at a high temperature that lasts more than one day;
• with an increase in the cervical lymph nodes;
• photophobia and lacrimation;
• with purulent otitis media.

Flemoxin

Flemoxin is prescribed in such cases:

• High temperature that lasts for 3 days;
• There was vomiting, weakness and headaches;
• Weakened body;
• According to the test results.

The medication is taken according to a doctor's prescription. The specialist calculates an individual medicinal dose.

Broad-spectrum antiviral drugs for influenza and SARS

How to treat influenza in adults is of interest to people in the autumn-winter season. At this time, the most common diseases are colds, flu and SARS. At the first sign, antiviral drugs should be taken.

Cycloferon

Cycloferon is a drug with a bright immunomodulatory and antiviral effect.

Cycloferon is used at the beginning of a cold. The medicine does not allow the reproduction of viruses and leads to a speedy recovery. In severe influenza, an adult takes 6 tablets in the first days of illness.

A day later, three tablets again. Children are appointed from the age of four. There are contraindications for patients with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Before use, you should consult with your doctor.

Lavomax

One of the most popular immunomodulatory drugs in the treatment of influenza and SARS is Lavomax.

It is prescribed for people who have ARVI more than 5 times a year or pneumonia more than 3 times. For prevention, experts prescribe Lavomax in November or December. To alleviate the form of the disease, the doctor prescribes in the first hours or days of the disease.

Arbidol

Arbidol is an antiviral agent that is prescribed for the prevention and treatment of influenza and other colds.

The drug is available in different forms. Assign it to adult children from 2 years. An allergic reaction when taking Arbidol occurs very rarely.

Kagocel

Kagocel is a drug with a pronounced antimicrobial antiviral effect. Kagocel is easily tolerated by patients and almost does not cause adverse reactions. It is used both for the prevention of colds and for their treatment.

The immunomodulatory effect of this drug persists for another 2-3 days after the last dose. Contraindication to use is individual intolerance to the drug. Assign it from the age of three.

Recent indications have proven that Cogacel reduces the risk of complications and speeds up and facilitates the recovery process in influenza and acute respiratory infections.

Dosage and regimen is prescribed individually for each patient by the attending physician.

Antipyretic drugs for fever

A serious reason for the use of antipyretics is a temperature of 38.5 ° C. There are several forms of release of antipyretic drugs.

The most familiar to everyone is a pill. They relieve the temperature rise for a long period of time.

Children are most often prescribed syrups. They have a pleasant taste, smell and color. Dose syrups with a measuring spoon. Syrups are quickly absorbed and enter the bloodstream, this helps the fastest therapeutic effect.

Candles are safe and effective. Suitable for children under one year of age. In the presence of vomiting, candles are indispensable. Candles bypass the gastrointestinal tract without harming it. Their action is long and effective.

At high temperatures, paracetamol is considered the number one antipyretic.

In addition, it is also an analgesic. In addition to the antipyretic effect, it relieves pain. Paracetamol is produced:

• in capsules;
• tablets;
• suppositories;
• syrups for children;
• powder for making a drink.

The dose of the drug depends on the weight and number of years of the patient. During the day, you can take no more than 3-4 g. One dose should not exceed 1 g of paracetamol. The temperature begins to drop after 30-45 minutes.

The most effective and fastest way to combat fever is to take rectal suppositories. During treatment, the use of alcohol is prohibited.

Based on paracetamol, Panadol and Efferalgan preparations have been developed. Efferalgan is an effervescent tablet. They dissolve in warm water and quickly affect the temperature.

Various powders are very popular, which are diluted in warm water for use. This is Vicks, Coldrex, Theraflu. The composition includes paracetamol, vitamin C and various flavors. After the use of warm preparations, the symptoms of the disease are relieved after 20 minutes.

They block pain and lower the temperature of the means, which include nimesulide. It is best taken with a pronounced headache or muscle pain. During the day, you can use this drug in a dose not exceeding 200 mg. Nimesul and Affida Fort are made in the form of a powder for making a drink.

Next after paracetamol is aspirin. For adults, 1 g of aspirin is allowed per day. Acetylsalicylic acid has a rapid effect on symptoms and a long list of contraindications.

Ibuprofen is a well-known remedy for fever. In addition to the antipyretic effect, drugs with ibuprofen have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects.

Principles of treatment of colds, SARS at home: WHO clinical guidelines

First of all, the patient should consult a doctor who will conduct an examination and establish a diagnosis. If the disease is mild, then the patient is treated at home.

Then the patient must be provided with a calm environment, the diet must be observed, the diet should contain vegetables, fruits, and remove indigestible foods from the patient's menu.

To prevent dehydration of the body, the patient must constantly drink warm drinks.

The temperature is brought down when it exceeds 38-38.5C, with medicines prescribed by the doctor.

When coughing, medicines and expectorants are prescribed, inhalations based on decoctions of herbs.

Take multivitamins. The patient must comply with bed rest. Taking immunomodulatory drugs will help to avoid complications with influenza.

Specialists prescribe antiviral drugs in case of a severe form of the disease.

Methods for the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections with folk remedies, without drugs (pills): the best remedy

As a rule, it is possible to treat influenza in adults by resorting to folk methods.. With a huge availability of drugs, folk methods are not inferior to their positions in the treatment of colds, SARS. At the onset of the disease or the absence of complications, treatment with alternative methods is effective on a par with drugs for treatment.

Rosehip is one of the effective means in the fight against influenza, SARS and colds. Dried berries should be crushed. 5 tablespoons of gruel obtained from berries are poured into 1000 ml of cold water. The resulting mixture is put on a slow fire and boiled, stirring for 8-10 minutes.

Then the warm solution is placed in a warm place and wrapped. Within 10 hours, he must infuse. For taste, you can add honey, jam or syrup. When using honey, you need to be careful, as it is an allergenic substance. The decoction should be taken for 7 days, after each dose, rinse your mouth with clean, cold, boiled water.

The favorite of folk remedies in the treatment of colds is garlic. There are many ways and recipes of traditional medicine using garlic. The most effective is the combination of honey and garlic.

Garlic must be crushed through a garlic press or press. Mix it in equal proportions with honey. The tool is ready. Take it 1 tablespoon 3-4 times a day. Be sure to drink plenty of water.

A delicious medicine that children will really like will be lollipops with ginger and honey. The method of their preparation is not complicated. Add a teaspoon of ground ginger and lemon juice to a glass of honey. This mixture should be placed in a bowl with a thick bottom and boiled for an hour and a half over low heat.

Then the hot mixture can be distinguished by silicone molds, which are prudently lubricated with vegetable oil. After they harden, they can be treated to patients.

Features of the treatment of influenza and colds during pregnancy and breastfeeding

How to treat influenza in adults is a question that often arises in expectant mothers. After all, it is very difficult to avoid the disease within 9 months. Influenza can cause serious complications and cause not only premature birth, but also miscarriage. For this reason, you can not be treated at home, be sure a woman should seek help from a doctor.

In the treatment of influenza in pregnant women, not all drugs are approved for use. Due to harmful effects on the fetus. Of the antipyretics, paracetamol is prescribed for pregnant women. It can also be taken for headaches. Reception of antipyretics should be carried out no more than 1 time in 5 hours.

Gargle with a solution of Furacilin. Pharmacies sell ready-made solutions. But it must be diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 1. Such a solution can be prepared independently: crush Furacilin tablets and dilute with 800 ml of water.

For the treatment of cough, expectorant mixtures based on plant components are used. The composition of such mixtures should include marshmallow root and thermopsis. It is necessary to take this mixture 4 times a day, 1 spoon. It will not harm either the mother or the child. There is no need to overdo the medication.

In the second and third trimester of pregnancy, interferon can be used. Other antiviral drugs are prohibited during pregnancy. Antibiotics are prescribed by a doctor only in cases of complications of influenza and SARS.

Much is forbidden during breastfeeding. During this period, she follows a special diet, goes out a little, wears special clothes. If a mother happens to get sick, then she needs to choose a treatment that will not harm the baby.

During the treatment of flu or colds, it is not necessary to refuse breastfeeding. Scientists have proven that together with milk, the baby receives antibodies that are produced by the mother's body.

This is a kind of vaccination that will strengthen his immunity. If the child's body is weakened, then he will suffer the disease to a milder degree. Refusal of breastfeeding is justified in the case of the use of drugs that can harm the baby.

Prohibitions during treatment for a nursing mother:

• Taking illegal drugs. The instructions for use always indicate contraindications.
• Taking medications that are little studied.
• Do not self-medicate.
• Aspirin, preparations with bromhexine.

If the mother has to take illegal drugs, then the child is transferred to complementary foods until the mother recovers. At that time, you need to constantly pump to maintain lactation and then return to breastfeeding again.

In case of complications, a woman is prescribed antibiotics that are compatible with breastfeeding.

For the treatment of cough, expectorant syrup (for example, Gedelix) or herbal preparations (for example, Thoracic) are used.

With a runny nose, use saline or special sprays. It must be remembered that the use of vasoconstrictor drops is allowed for one week, once or twice a day.

It is possible to use antipyretics only if the temperature exceeds 38 - 38.5C. You can use Paracetamol or Nurafen, a child over 1 month old.

Gargle with a solution of furacilin, Miramistin.

In addition to drug treatment, expectant and nursing mothers must follow certain rules that will help them recover faster. Here are the basic rules:

• get enough sleep;
• Drink plenty of fluids (water, berry fruit drinks);
• Ventilate the room every 2 hours;
• Eat properly.

For treatment, you can use folk methods. But first you need to consult with your doctor about the ingredients used.

Prevention of influenza and SARS in adults: effective methods

There are many different methods for the prevention of influenza and SARS. It is most effective to use them in combination.

The most accessible and effective will be the following activities:

• Air and water hardening of the body;
• Influenza vaccination;
• Proper nutrition;
• Systematic intake of vitamins;
• Compliance with hygiene;
• Taking antiviral drugs;
• When communicating with patients, wear a gauze bandage;
• During the epidemic, rinse your mouth with saline solutions (soda with salt), potassium permanganate, decoctions of medicinal herbs;
• Every time before going outside, put oxolinic ointment in the nose;
• Massotherapy.

Flu shot: where to do it, side effects, is it worth it to vaccinate an adult

About influenza vaccination, as an effective means of preventing this disease, doctors began to talk a very long time ago. The flu shot may not always prevent infection, but it does help relieve symptoms and prevent complications.

The drug is administered intramuscularly. Adults are given an injection in the shoulder, and young children in the thigh. The vaccine is not given in the buttock, since it is very difficult to reach the muscles in this place and you can inject the drug into the subcutaneous tissue, which will not have the desired effect.

• Possible side effects:
• pain at the injection site;
• a slight increase in temperature;
• fatigue;
• muscle weakness and pain;
• headache;
• itching at the injection site;
• redness or swelling at the injection site.

Should adults get the flu shot or not? This question is asked by many people.

And everyone makes his own choice, taking into account the pros and cons of vaccination.

Advantages of vaccination:

• immunity to one or more types of influenza;
• if infection occurs, the disease will proceed in a mild form and will not entail complications;
• free vaccination in the clinic;
• strengthens the body's defense system;
• no age limit for adults.

Disadvantages of vaccination:

• the virus mutates and the vaccine may not work;
• the possibility of an allergic reaction;
• the presence of low-quality vaccines;
• examination before vaccination for allergic reactions and the absence of signs of a cold.

Given the pros and cons of flu vaccination, everyone decides whether or not to get vaccinated.

Prophylactic flu pills

Algirem is an antiviral drug developed on the basis of rimantadine according to an original method. The drug also has an antitoxic effect, due to which side effects are rarely observed. Algirem can be used by both adults and children.

Tablets are indicated for use for prevention and at the first symptoms of the disease. This will ease the course of the disease. Studies have shown that Algirem protects the body and helps prevent disease.

Anaferon is considered the best prophylactic for children and adults. In addition to the preventive effect, this drug also has a healing property. Anaferon alleviates the patient's condition, reduces the possibility of complications. You can take pills only after being prescribed by a doctor, as there are many contraindications.

Arbidol is one of the most powerful antiviral and immunomodulatory drugs. Also, this medicine is prescribed for pneumonia, bronchitis, caused as a result of complications after influenza. Arbidol suppresses the virus that has entered the body and prevents it from developing.

Immunal is created from plant components that stimulate the human immune system. Does not cause any side effects.

Another herbal drug is Phytogor. It contains components of sage, calendula, mint and lemon balm. It improves metabolism and strengthens the immune system.

Reaferon is used to prevent influenza. It promotes the production of its own interferon in the body, which helps to strengthen its protective functions. This drug belongs to the group of potent drugs, so its use is possible only after a doctor's prescription.

Remantadine suppresses the influenza virus. During the illness, it reduces the temperature and cures the headache. Remantadine is able to protect the body from type A and B viruses. It is most effective to take it together with No-shpa. It is allowed to take only from the age of 7 and in the dosage prescribed by the doctor. It is noticed that the drug has a side effect on the liver.

To know how to properly treat the flu, first of all, you need to consult a medical specialist. Only the correct implementation of all the doctor's recommendations and complex treatment will lead to a quick recovery for both the adult and the child.

Video clips: how and how to treat influenza and SARS

Video tips. How to treat influenza in adults and children:

How to treat the flu at home:

• Treatment Goals

  The goal of treatment is the timely start of etiotropic therapy (in the first hours of the disease), pathogenetic therapy (in the first two days from the onset of the disease), the elimination of intoxication, the prevention of bacterial complications, the increase in the immunological reactivity of the body, the prevention of complications from the organs of the cardiovascular, respiratory systems.

Treatment of mild and uncomplicated moderate forms of influenza is carried out on an outpatient basis (at home).

Hospitalization in an infectious disease hospital is carried out according to clinical and epidemiological indications.

• Indications for hospitalization
  • Clinical indications for hospitalization.
    • Severe flu.
    • The development of emergency conditions (toxic shock, encephalopathy, acute respiratory or cardiovascular failure).
    • Presence of complications.
    • Patients with moderate severity with an unfavorable premorbid background (the presence of chronic diseases of the lungs, cardiovascular, endocrine systems).
  • Epidemiological indications for hospitalization.
    • Patients from organized and closed groups (military personnel, boarding school students, students living in hostels) if it is impossible to isolate them from others at the place of residence.
    • Patients for whom it is impossible to organize constant medical supervision (residents of remote and hard-to-reach areas).

• Treatment Methods
  • Non-drug treatment
    • Mode. Bed rest is indicated during the entire febrile period and intoxication, as well as until the elimination of the acute period of complications. After the temperature normalizes and the symptoms of intoxication disappear, half-bed is prescribed, after three days - the general regimen.
    • Diet. Mechanically and chemically gentle. In the first days of the disease, the diet is predominantly dairy and vegetable; as the recovery progresses, the diet is expanded, increasing its energy value. Liquid intake up to 1500-2000 ml, fractionally, in small portions. The liquid should contain vitamins C and P (5% glucose solution with ascorbic acid, tea (preferably green), cranberry juice, rosehip infusion or decoction, compotes, fruit juices, especially grapefruit and chokeberry). The diet should contain foods rich in vitamins with enough protein.
    • Physiotherapy. Physiotherapeutic methods of treatment consist in carrying out aerosol therapy (warm, wet inhalations with bronchodilator prescriptions).
  • Medical treatment Etiotropic therapy. It consists in the appointment of antiviral drugs.
    • The drug of choice - Arbidol (arbidol 0.05 mg) is prescribed for children aged 2-6 years, 1 tablet 3-4 times a day for 3-5 days;
      arbidol 0.1 g is prescribed for children 6-12 years old, 1 tablet 3-4 times a day for 3-5 days,
      children over 12 years old and adults 2 tablets 3-4 times a day before meals for 3-5 days or
    • Ingavirin - for adults (does not apply to children and adolescents under 18 years of age) 1 capsule per day for 5-7 days.
    • Remantadine (Remantadine) for adults and children over 14 years old on the first day, 100 mg 3 times a day, on the 2nd and 3rd day - 100 mg 2 times a day, after meals, drinking plenty of liquid or
    • Remantadine (Orvirem) in the form of a syrup for children 1-3 on the 1st day - 10 ml (2 teaspoons) of syrup (20 mg) 3 times a day, 2-3 days - 10 ml 2 times / day, 4 day - 10 ml 1 time per day; children 3-7 years old on the 1st day 15 ml (30 mg) 3 times a day, 2-3rd days - 15 ml 2 times / day, 4th day - 15 ml 1 time per day, children 7 -14 years old daily dose up to 150 mg/day or
    • Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) inside for adults, 1-2 capsules, for children over 12 years old - 1 capsule every 12 hours for 5 days.
    • Zanamivir. Applied in the form of inhalation through the mouth using a dischaler, 2 inhalations of 5 mg 2 times a day for 5 days.
    • Tiloron (Amixin) 0.125 g 1 time per day orally after meals for the first two days, then 0.125 g every 48 hours for a week (no more than 6 tablets per course of treatment), children over 7 years old - 0.06 g each in the first two days, then 0.06 g after 48 hours (total 3-4 tabs) or
    interferon inductors.
    • Interferon alpha preparations:
      • Interferon alfa-2b (Grippferon) nose drops in each nasal passage for children from 0 to 1 years old, 1 drop 5 times a day, from 1 to 3 years old, 2 drops 3-4 times a day, from 3 to 14 years old, 2 drops drops 4-5 times a day, adults 3 drops 5-6 times a day; or
      • Interferon alfa (Human leukocyte interferon with low antiviral activity (up to 10,000 IU)) 3-5 drops in the nasal passages 4-6 times a day or inhaled 2 times a day (for 2-3 days) when the first flu symptoms;
      • Interferon alpha-2 in suppositories: Viferon-1 is used to treat newborns and children under the age of 7 years, Viferon-2 is used to treat adults - 1 rectal suppository 2 times a day for 5 days.
    • Inducers of endogenous interferon.
      • Cridanimod (Neovir) is prescribed intramuscularly in the early stages of the disease, 2 ml of a 12.5% ​​solution (250 mg) from 1 to 4 injections with an interval of 24-48 hours, depending on the severity of the disease; or
      • Cycloferon for uncomplicated influenza: on the 1st day 4 tablets at once, on the 2nd, 4th and 6th days - 2 tablets 1 time per day before meals (a total of 10 tablets per course). For the treatment of severe and complicated forms of influenza, Cycloferon injection solution is used, 2 ampoules of 12.5% ​​cycloferon are administered intramuscularly (4 ml) on days 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 13, 16, 19 and 22 treatment.
    pathogenic therapy.
    • Antihemorrhagic therapy:
      • Ascorbic acid (Ascorbic acid effervescent tablets or Ascorbic acid powders) up to 1000 mg/day;
      • Rutozid (Rutin) 1 tab 3 times a day;
      • Calcium gluconate (calcium gluconate) 2-6 tablets 2-3 times a day.
      • In nosebleeds, anterior tamponade of the nasal passage is carried out with swabs moistened with a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution, cold is applied to the nose area.
      • Menadione sodium bisulfite (Vikasol) intramuscularly 1 ml for 3-4 days additionally for hemostatic purposes.
    • Desensitizers:
      • Mebhydrolin (Diazolin) 1 tablet 3 times a day; or
      • Clemastine (Tavegil) inside for adults and children over 12 years old, 1 tab., for children aged 6-12 years, 1/2 tab.; or
      • Chloropyramine (Suprastin) for adults and adolescents over 14 years old, 1 tab 3-4 times a day, for children from 7 to 14 years old, 1/2 tab 3 times a day, from 2 to 6 years, 1/3 tab 2-3 times per day, for children aged 1 to 12 months, 1/4 tab 2-3 times a day in powdered form; or
      • Cyproheptadine (Peritol) syrup for children from 6 months to 2 years, 0.4 mg / kg per day, 2-6 years 6 mg in 3 doses, over 6 years and adults, 4 mg 3 times a day; or
      • Ebastin (Kestin) for adults and children over 15 years old, 1-2 tabs or 10-20 ml of syrup 1 time per day, children from 6 to 12 years old, 1/2 tab or 5 ml of syrup 1 time per day, children from 12 to 15 years 1 tab or 10 ml of syrup 1 time per day; or
      • Loratadine (Claritin tablets) for adults and children over 12 years old, 1 tab or as a syrup (Claritin syrup), 10 ml of syrup 1 time per day, children from 2 to 12 years old 5 ml of syrup or 1/2 tab 1 time per day ( with a body weight of less than 30 kg), with a body weight of 30 kg or more, 10 ml of syrup or 1 tab 1 time per day.
    • Antitussives and expectorants:
      • Bromhexine (Bromhexine tablets or Bromhexine dragee) 8-16 mg 2-3 times a day; or
      • Ambroxol (Lazolvan tablets, Ambrohexal tablets, Ambrosan tablets, Halixol tablets) for adults 1 tab 3 times a day, children under 12 years old 1/2 tab 3 times a day, or
      • Lazolvan syrup, Ambrohexal syrup, Halixol syrup 4 ml 3 times a day, syrup for children under 2 years old, 2.5 ml each, over 5 years old, 5 ml 2-3 times a day, for adults in the first 2-3 days 10 ml 3 times a day, then 5 ml 3 times a day; or
      • Prenokdiazin (Libeksin) - 1 tab 2-3 times a day; or
      • Codelac 1 tab 2-3 times a day or Codelac Fito syrup orally for children from 2 to 5 years old - 5 ml per day, for children from 5 to 8 years old - 10 ml per day, for children from 8 to 12 years old - 10 -15 ml per day, children from 12 to 15 years old and adults - 15-20 ml per day; or
      • "Cough pills" inside 1 tab 2-3 times a day, or
      • Acetylcysteine ​​(ACC 100) 1 sachet per glass of hot water or 1 effervescent tablet dissolved in 100 ml of water, from 2 to 5 years, 100 mg 2-3 times a day, up to 2 years, 50 mg 2-3 times per day, ACC 200 tab. or ACC 200 granulate for adults and adolescents over 14 years old, 200 mg 3 times a day, for children from 6 to 14 years old, 200 mg 2 times a day, or ACC long 600 mg 1 time per day.
    • Vasoconstrictor drops (sprays) in the nose.
      • Naphazoline (Sanorin in the form of an emulsion or Sanorin 0.1% solution, or Naphthyzine 0.05% solution for children or Naphthyzine 0.1% solution for adults), or
      • spray solutions of oxymetazoline hydrochloride 0.05% ("Nazol"; or "Nazivin" in age dosages), or
      • xylometazoline hydrochloride 0.1% - 10.0 ml: Galazolin; or "Dlyanos"; or "Xymelin"; or "Otrivin") 2-3 times a day. The duration of continuous (2-3 times a day) administration of vasoconstrictor drops should not exceed 3-5 days. If it is necessary to use vasoconstrictor drops (sprays) for a longer time after each course, take a break, replacing the vasoconstrictor drops with Aqua-Maris physiological solution in the form of drops for children under 1 year old, 2 drops in each nostril 4 times a day, or Aqua-Maris » in the form of a spray for children from one year to 7, 2 injections in each nasal passage 4 times a day, from 7 to 16 years 4-6 times a day, 2 injections, adults 4-8 times a day, 2-3 injections and / or oil drops "Pinosol" 1-2 drops in each nostril 3-4 times a day.
    • Antipyretics and analgesics: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: Coldrex, or Acetylsalicylic acid (Upsarin Upsa or Upsarin Upsa with vitamin C); or Paracetamol (Panadol 1 tablet 2-3 times a day, for children - Panadol in the form of syrup; or Kalpol in the form of syrup); or Ibuprofen "Nurofen" in the form of syrup according to the scheme, depending on age.
    • Combined pathogenetic agents.
      • "Antigrippin" 1 powder 3 times a day for 3-4 days;
      • "Antigrippin-Anvi" is used in children over 12 years old; or
      • "Theraflu" 1 sachet per glass of hot water 2-3 times a day.
    • Homeopathic remedies.
      • Oscillococcinum in granules in the initial stage of the disease 1 dose once, if necessary, repeat 2-3 times with an interval of 6 hours, a pronounced stage of the disease - 1 dose in the morning and evening for 1-3 days or
      • Aflubin drops for children under 1 year old, 1 drop each, children 1-12 years old - 5 drops, adults and adolescents - 10 drops 3 times a day for 5-10 days.
    Vitamin therapy. It consists in the appointment of complex vitamin preparations: Adaptogens of plant origin. With asthenic syndrome during the period of convalescence, plant adaptogens are prescribed:
    • Aralia tincture, or
    • Chinese lemongrass, or
    • Eleutherococcus tincture 1 drop per year of life (up to 30 drops) 3 times a day 30 minutes before meals.
    Antibacterial therapy (broad-spectrum antibiotics) is prescribed for the elderly, suffering from concomitant chronic diseases, patients with immunodeficiency, with a complicated course of influenza.
    

    isolated pathogen	Antibiotics of the 1st line	Antibiotics II stage (alternative)
    Str.pneumonia	Benzylpenicillin, Amoxicillin, Oxacillin	Third generation cephalosporins, Macrolides, Fluoroquinolones, Lincomycin, Ampiox, Co-trimoxazole
    Str.pyogenes	Benzylpenicillin, Oxacillin
    Staph aureus: - sensitive to benzylpenicillin; - resistant to benzylpenicillin; Methicillin-resistant	Benzylpenicillin The volume of therapy depends on the severity of the flu and the presence of complications. In mild and moderate forms of the disease, in the absence of complications, bed rest is prescribed, drinking plenty of fluids (up to 1-1.5 liters per day) containing vitamins C and P, a mechanically and chemically sparing diet, one of the antiviral drugs, symptomatic agents and complex vitamins . In severe cases, medical treatment includes the following: Etiotropic therapy. Antiviral therapy or in severe forms of influenza accompanied by bronchiolitis and pneumonia, ribavirin is used orally after meals for adults 0.2 g 3-4 times a day, for children 10 mg / (kg * day) in 4 doses for 3-5 days. For patients on mechanical ventilation, ribavirin is administered by inhalation through a nebulizer at a dose of 20 mg / (kg * day) (6.0 g in 300 ml of sterile water) for 2 hours 2 times a day for a course of 3-5 days. Immunoglobulins. With severe toxicosis, all patients with severe forms of influenza, regardless of the duration of hospitalization, are administered anti-influenza donor gamma globulin intramuscularly for adults, 3-6 ml, for children - from 0.15-0.2 ml / kg of body weight to 1 ml (1 dose) 1 time per day for 3 days or normal human immunoglobulin for intravenous administration containing high titers of anti-influenza and anti-staphylococcal antibodies is administered 25-50 ml together with isotonic sodium chloride solution in a ratio of 1: 5 intravenously drip (no more than 20 drops per 1 minute ) every 1-2 days. protease inhibitors. Gordox 100,000 IU in 10 ml ampoules is administered intravenously at an initial dose of 500,000 IU slowly at a rate of 50,000 IU / h or 100,000 IU every 2-3 hours, as the condition improves, the dose is gradually reduced to 300,000-500,000 IU / day To prevent allergic reactions, individual sensitivity to the drug is determined (0.2 ml intradermally) or Kontrykal in dry form in vials of 10,000 units is dissolved in 400-500 ml of isotonic sodium chloride solution and injected intravenously (slowly). Single doses of 10,000-20,000 IU. To prevent allergic reactions, contrycal solutions are administered against the background of antihistamines. Kontrykal (trasilol 10,000-20,000 IU) in combination with heparin 5000 IU simultaneously, then 500-1000 IU every hour under the control of blood clotting; fresh frozen plasma, warmed to 37 ° C (on the first day - intravenous bolus 600-800 ml, then 300-400 ml every 6-8 hours, on subsequent days - 400-800 ml per day. With each transfusion to activate antithrombin- III, 2500 IU of heparin per 400 ml of plasma should be administered, antiplatelet agents - chimes 100-300 mg 3 times a day, acetylsalicylic acid 0.25 g 1 time per day.In the hypocoagulation phase, fresh frozen plasma is injected intravenously, inhibitors of proteolysis are prescribed. Heparin and antiplatelet agents are cancelled. Respiratory analeptics. In order to normalize hemodynamics in the pulmonary circulation: sulfocamphocaine 10%, 2 ml subcutaneously or intramuscularly, 2-3 times a day; Cordiamin 2-4 ml subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravenously 3 times a day with severe arterial hypotension. cardiac glycosides. They are prescribed in case of a significant decrease in the contractility of the left ventricle (with the development of infectious-allergic myocarditis) - corglicon 0.06% to 1 ml; strophanthin 0.05% to 1 ml intravenously in small doses. Sedative drugs. With the appearance of convulsions, psychomotor agitation intramuscularly "lytic mixture" - 1 ml of 2.5% solution of chlorpromazine, 1% solution of diphenhydramine, 1% solution of promedol or sodium hydroxybutyrate 20% solution of 10 ml intravenously slowly. With the development of pneumonia, in addition to the complex etiopathogenetic treatment of influenza, these patients from the moment the diagnosis of pneumonia is established, rational antibiotic therapy is prescribed based on anamnestic data, clinical and radiological picture and the probable nature of inflammation, since bacteriological examination gives delayed and sometimes uncertain results. Discharge rules Those who have been ill with influenza are discharged after a complete clinical recovery with normal results of blood and urine tests, but not earlier than 3 days after normal body temperature is established. The period of temporary disability for mild influenza is at least 6 days, for those who have had moderate forms - at least 8, for those who have had severe forms - at least 10-12 days. When discharged from the hospital, a sick leave can be issued for up to 10 days. Clinical examination For persons who have undergone uncomplicated forms of influenza, dispensary observation is not established. Those who have undergone complicated forms (pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis media, mastoiditis, myocarditis, nervous system damage: meningitis, meningoencephalitis, toxic neuritis) are subject to clinical examination for at least 3-6 months. In relation to persons who have undergone such a complication as pneumonia, rehabilitation measures are carried out (in outpatient or sanatorium conditions), and they are subject to mandatory medical examination within 1 year with control clinical and laboratory examinations 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the disease . Criteria for the effectiveness of treatment. The criterion for the effectiveness of the therapy is the disappearance of the symptoms of the disease. The duration of fever with influenza for more than 5 days may indicate the presence of complications.

This disease is characterized by an acute onset. At the same time, it is characterized by a short course, proceeds with the phenomena of general intoxication. It is characterized by an increase in body temperature, damage to the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract.

The influenza virus is of several types. Mostly the type of virus is A, A1, A2 and B. The source of infection is only a sick person. Patients are especially contagious in the first one or two days of the disease. What is the transmission mechanism of the influenza virus?

The transmission mechanism of influenza is associated with the spraying of a pathogenic virus in the air when the patient coughs and sneezes. Also important is the conversation of the patient, in which the virus successfully spreads. Including objects containing the smallest droplets of mucus can be contagious.

Transmission is facilitated by close contact between sick and healthy susceptible individuals. Along with isolated cases of influenza, an epidemiological outbreak is observed. That is, mass infection of people is possible.

What it is?

Influenza is a highly contagious human disease. Infection is possible through human contact. This contact is provided as follows:

• at home;
• in transport;
• in a production environment.

In this case, widespread infection is possible. The infection enters the mucous membranes of the throat, nose, upper respiratory tract. The influenza virus is introduced through the mucous membranes, entering the bloodstream.

The flu does not develop immunity. That is, the patient can become infected again. Within the same year, the contagiousness especially develops.

The reasons

Influenza is caused by viruses. But factors that reduce immunity are also important. Factors that reduce the body's defenses include:

• hypothermia;
• catarrhal catarrh of the upper respiratory tract.

In the latter case, catarrhal catarrhs ​​of the upper respiratory tract facilitate the introduction of the virus. Vigorous activity of pathogenic bacterial flora is of great importance in the etiology of the disease. At the same time, pathogenic microflora lives:

• oral cavity;
• nasal cavity;
• mucous membrane of the trachea.

Even stress can trigger the flu virus. In this case, the influenza virus spreads into the upper respiratory tract. In the absence of proper treatment, the disease becomes more severe. The risk of complications is high.

Symptoms

The duration of the incubation period is about one to two days. Variations are possible ranging from twelve hours to three days. First, you can consider the usual course of the disease. Uncomplicated influenza is acute.

Uncomplicated influenza is characterized by intoxication and a short period of fever. At the beginning of the disease, chills appear, then the body temperature rises. After four or five hours, the body temperature reaches a value of thirty-eight to thirty-nine degrees.

The patient's condition worsens significantly. The patient is worried about headache, especially in the forehead and superciliary arches. This includes the following symptoms:

• weakness;
• weakness throughout the body;
• pain in the joints;
• dizziness;
• noise in ears.

There is slight hyperemia in the pharyngeal area. The initial period of influenza is manifested by the following symptoms:

• feeling of dryness;
• scratching pain in the throat;
• scratching pain in the pharynx and larynx;
• pain in the chest.

Soon there is a pain sensation in the eyeballs. The pain is especially pronounced when the eyes are turned to the side. Decrease in sense of smell is noted, sound and visual sensitivity becomes aggravated. Some patients experience the following symptoms:

• conjunctivitis;
• lacrimation;
• runny nose;
• dry cough.

Decreased appetite, especially during a fever. The stool may linger. On the part of the nervous system, irritability and significant excitability are noted.

The number of breaths increases. In severe forms of the disease, the nervous and cardiovascular systems are affected. In this case, hemorrhagic phenomena on the skin and mucous membranes are possible.

Significantly improves the patient's condition after a period of fever. Appetite appears, the patient becomes calm. Complications of influenza are the following diseases:

• otitis;
• sinusitis.

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Diagnostics

In influenza, diagnosis includes epidemiological and clinical data. Moreover, there is a correlation between the clinical picture and the presence of a mass epidemic. Consultation of a specialist is widely used in the diagnosis of a disease. It is the therapist who can determine the disease by the clinical picture.

It is also appropriate to consult an otolaryngologist. Especially with the defeat of the pharynx, pharynx. Influenza primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. In laboratory studies, the following picture is revealed:

• leukopenia in the blood;
• lymphocytosis;
• neutropenia with accelerated ESR.

When measuring the respiratory rate, an increase in respiratory movements is observed. When measuring pressure, a decrease in blood pressure is observed. When measuring the pulse, bradycardia is traced. Diagnostics also includes the following studies:

• muffled heart sounds;
• expanding the boundaries of the heart;
• deafness of tones at the apex of the heart

In the later stages of the disease, it is appropriate to use the hemagglutination inhibition reaction. Used in the diagnosis of influenza and serological studies. It is necessary to differentiate the disease with the following diseases:

• water fever;
• rash and;
• hemorrhagic fever.

Prevention

In order to prevent the most severe complications, patients are hospitalized in the infectious diseases department. If the patient stays at home, then isolate him from the people around him in order to prevent mass infection. There are ways to prevent the spread of infection.

• the patient is isolated with a screen;
• carry out current disinfection with a wet method.

Measures to prevent influenza is quarantine. This is especially true in crowded places. Under the condition of quarantine in hospitals, visitors are not allowed.

Active immunization is widely used in the prevention of influenza. Live vaccines are available for influenza vaccinations. Live vaccines are usually prepared from a pure culture of filtering virus. The effectiveness of vaccines is tested in a wide epidemiological experience.

However, influenza vaccination has a number of consequences. Various adverse reactions may occur. Including adverse reactions that contribute to various consequences for the body.

Prevention in most cases includes measures of personal prevention of the disease. Personal hygiene and sanitation matter. Nonspecific prophylaxis includes isolation of the patient. Prevention is also based on the following activities:

• wearing gauze masks;
• separate dishes for the patient;
• using a handkerchief when coughing and sneezing.

A prerequisite for the prevention of influenza is strict adherence to the rules of personal hygiene. This includes strengthening the immune system. It is possible to strengthen the immune system with the help of some activities:

• hardening of the body;
• playing sports;
• the use of vitamins;
• exclusion of stressful situations.

Treatment

Flu patients are isolated at home. Only in severe cases of patients, the treatment is hospitalization. The patient is hospitalized in the infectious diseases department of the hospital. Bed rest is necessary for the entire febrile period.

After lowering the body temperature, the patient is allowed to leave the house. Terms of temporary disability are determined strictly individually. The flu patient is placed in a warm, bright and well ventilated room. For isolation from others, the patient is fenced off with a sheet, a screen.

The room where the patient is located often needs to be ventilated. But so as not to catch a cold of the patient. It is necessary to warmly wrap the patient, put heating pads at the feet. It is necessary to give the patient a hot drink:

• milk;
• sweet strong tea;
• coffee;
• cocoa.

Diet food is also used in the treatment. The diet focuses on easily digestible, high-calorie foods. Food should be varied, rich in vitamins. Treatment is predominantly symptomatic.

Persons caring for the sick must observe personal hygiene. Hygiene includes:

• washing hands with hot water;
• wearing gauze bandages.

The patient needs to allocate individual dishes. After using it, the dishes are boiled. In the presence of complications, influenza is treated as follows:

• antibiotics;
• chemotherapeutic agents.

Of the antibiotics, penicillins, albomycin, streptomycin, norsulfazol are used. In seriously ill patients, penicillin is used. For the treatment of children, intramuscular administration of convalescents is used.

In adults

Influenza in adults can be more severe. The flu develops at any age. It affects both men and women equally. In weakened adults, influenza acquires the most severe course.

Influenza in adults is caused by airborne infection. Mass cases of morbidity are of particular importance. Influenza symptoms in adults are as follows:

• increase in body temperature;
• chills;
• headache;
• cough;
• weakness;
• decrease in work capacity.

The cough may be dry. In the future, when coughing, bronchial secretions may be released. That is wetness. The upper respiratory system is predominantly affected.

If treatment in adults is started in a timely manner, then complications do not arise. In the presence of repeated episodes of the disease, the flu becomes severe. Bronchitis, pneumonia can be detected.

Even with antibiotic treatment, relapses can occur. This is due to the addition of a bacterial infection. It is also associated with insufficient treatment, with interruptions in medical therapy. The virus can adapt to drugs.

In the elderly, the disease also contributes to severe complications. Influenza in older people is most dangerous. The causative agents of the disease are influenza viruses of groups A, B, C.

In children

Influenza in children is a widespread disease. Influenza usually occurs in children with a high body temperature. In children, the flu often inflames the nasopharynx, intoxication of the body occurs.

The causative agents of influenza in children are group A and B viruses. Young children with weakened immune systems are most at risk of infection. A child can become infected in kindergarten, school and in the family.

There are certain measures to prevent influenza in children. These preventive measures include:

• exclusion of contact with the patient;
• wearing a disposable mask.

What are the main symptoms in children? The main symptoms of influenza in children include:

• chills;
• Pain in the eyes;
• photophobia.

On the fourth day of the flu, the child's body temperature drops. That is, it usually drops to normal levels. The trend of the disease in children is as follows:

• after a few days, inflammation of the respiratory tract begins;
• excruciating cough.

After normalization of body temperature in children, sleep disturbance is observed. Including fatigue, weakness and headache. In the treatment of children, antiviral drugs, for example, interferon, are widely used. Including the appropriate use of the following drugs:

• immunostimulating agents;
• cough remedy.

In children with reduced immunity, special importance is attached to drugs that increase immunity. Of the modern drugs, there are antiviral agents that increase the body's resistance. For example, Anaferon.

Forecast

Influenza is a respiratory disease with a prognosis that depends on the condition of the patient. Most often, the prognosis is favorable. Especially if treatment is started on time.

An unfavorable prognosis is possible with severe influenza. Especially if there are complications. Complications of influenza are various, up to the addition of a bacterial infection.

The state of human immunity has a huge impact on the prognosis. With a weakened immune system, the prognosis may be unfavorable. With strong immunity, the prognosis is best.

Exodus

With influenza, the outcome is usually favorable. A favorable outcome is recovery. Recovery occurs after the inflammatory process.

Complications play an important role in the outcome. In the presence of pneumonia, the outcome is unfavorable. Treatment and recovery can be protracted.

Mortality from influenza is possible in a small percentage of cases. The fatal outcome is a consequence of the severe course of the flu. Therefore, it is necessary to prescribe treatment on time.

Lifespan

With the flu, life expectancy usually does not decrease. With the exception of a severe case of the development of the disease. Life expectancy is higher if the patient complies with the following measures:

• bed rest in the presence of fever;
• antibiotics in severe cases;
• antiviral drugs;
• antitussive drugs.

The condition of the patient influences life expectancy. Namely, the immunity of a sick person. Strong immunity prevents re-infection with the flu. So boost your immunity!