What are the similarities of the heroes of different nations. Epic Russian heroes

If you ask the average person in our country to name the names of Russian heroes, you will almost certainly be named Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich and Alyosha Popovich. And here is further - hitch. Thanks to popular culture, only these three have become widely known. Meanwhile, there were much more heroes in Russia, but not everyone knows about them. Let's try to rectify the situation and tell in this collection about the "unknown" Russian heroes.

One of the most ancient heroes of the Russian epic epic. Svyatogor is a giant hero so big and strong that even Mother Earth Cheese could not stand him. However, Svyatogor himself, according to the epic, could not overcome the “earthly pull” contained in the bag: trying to raise the bag, he went to the ground with his feet.

The legendary plowman-hero, with whom you can not fight, because "the whole family of Mikuls loves Mother - Cheese Earth." According to one of the epics, it was Mikula Selyaninovich who asked the giant Svyatogor to pick up a bag that had fallen to the ground. Svyatogor could not do this. Then Mikula Selyaninovich raised the bag with one hand and said that it contained "all the burden of the earth." Folklore says that Mikula Selyaninovich had two daughters: Vasilisa and Nastasya. And they became the wives of Stavr and Dobrynya Nikitich, respectively.

Volga is one of the most ancient heroes in Russian epics. His distinguishing features were the ability to shapeshift and the ability to understand the language of birds and animals. According to legend, Volga is the son of a snake and Princess Marfa Vseslavievna, who miraculously conceived him by accidentally stepping on a snake. When he saw the light, the earth trembled and a terrible fear fettered all living beings. An interesting episode of the meeting between Volga and Mikula Selyaninovich is described by epics. During the collection of taxes from the cities of Gurchevets and Orekhovets, Volga met the plowman Mikula Selyaninovich. Seeing a mighty hero in Mikul, Volga called him with him to the squad to collect taxes. Having driven off, Mikula remembered that he had forgotten the plow in the ground. Twice Volga sent combatants to pull out that plow, on the third time he himself and his squad did not overcome the whole. Mikula pulled out that plow with one hand.

Hero of the Kyiv epic cycle. According to legend, Sukhman goes to get a white swan for Prince Vladimir. During the trip, he sees that the Nepra River is fighting the Tatar force, which is building Kalinov bridges on it in order to go to Kyiv. Sukhman beats the Tatar force, but during the battle he gets wounds, which he covers with leaves. Sukhman returns to Kyiv without the swans. Prince Vladimir does not believe him and orders him to be imprisoned for boasting in the cellar, and sends Dobrynya Nikitich to find out if Sukhman told the truth, and when it turns out that the truth is, Vladimir wants to reward Sukhman; but he removes the leaves from the wounds and bleeds. The river Sukhman flowed from his blood.

One of the most popular heroic images in Russian epics. Unlike the three main characters of the epic (Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich and Alyosha Popovich), Danube Ivanovich is a tragic character. According to legend, during the wedding, Danube and Nastasya Korolevichna, who was also a hero, begin to brag, Danube - courage, and Nastasya - accuracy. They arrange a duel and Nastasya shoots the silver ring lying on the head near the Danube three times. Unable to recognize his wife's superiority, Danube orders her to repeat the dangerous ordeal in reverse: the ring is now on Nastasya's head, and Danube shoots. The arrow of the Danube hits Nastasya. She dies, and the Danube finds out, “spreading her womb”, that she was pregnant with a wonderful baby: “knee-deep legs in silver, elbow-deep little hands in gold, frequent stars on her braids.” The Danube rushes to his saber and dies next to his wife, the Danube River originates from his blood.

One of the minor heroes. He is known only in northern Russian epics as a handsome man and snake fighter. There are several legends about him. According to one of them, while hunting Mikhailo met a swan who turned into a girl - Avdotya Lebed Belaya. They got married and took an oath that if someone dies earlier, then the survivor will be buried with the deceased in the same grave. When Avdotya died, Potyk, along with her corpse, was lowered into the grave, on a horse in full armor. A snake appeared in the grave, which the hero killed, and with his blood he resurrected his wife. According to other epics, the wife drugged Potyk and turned him to stone, and she herself fled with Tsar Koshchei. The comrades of the hero - Ilya, Alyosha and others, save Potyk and avenge him by killing Koshchei and quartering the unfaithful White Swan.

A hero in Russian epics, acting in one epic as a matchmaker and groom. The story of Khoten and his bride is practically the old Russian story of Romeo and Juliet. According to legend, the Mother of Khoten, a widow, at one feast wooed her son to the beautiful China Sentinel. But the girl's mother answered her with an insulting refusal, which was heard by all the feasters. When Khoten found out about this, he went to the bride and she agreed to marry him. But the girl's mother was categorically against it. Then Khoten demanded a duel and beat the nine brothers of his bride. China's mother asks the prince for an army to deal with the hero, but Khoten also defeats him. After that, Hoten marries the girl, taking a rich dowry.

Formally, he does not belong to the heroes, but he is a snake-fighter hero. According to legend, the daughter of the prince of Kyiv was carried away by a serpent and kept in captivity. Having learned from the serpent himself that he is afraid of only one person in the world - Nikita Kozhemyaku, she sends a letter with a dove to her father with a request to find this hero and encourage him to fight the serpent. When the envoys of the prince entered the hut of Kozhemyaki, who was busy with his usual business, out of surprise he rips through 12 skins. At the prince's first request to fight the snake, Nikita refuses. Then the prince sends the elders to him, who also could not persuade Nikita. For the third time, the prince sends children to the hero, and their crying touches Nikita, he agrees. Wrapped in hemp and smeared with resin to become invulnerable, the hero fights with the snake and frees the prince's daughter. Further, as the legend says, the snake, defeated by Nikita, begs him for mercy and offers to share the land equally with him. Nikita forges a plow of 300 pounds, harnesses a snake into it and draws a furrow from Kyiv to the Black Sea; then, starting to divide the sea, the serpent drowns.

Also formally not a hero, but a very strong hero, representing the ideal of valiant and boundless prowess. From childhood, Vasily was a daredevil, did not know any constraints and did everything just the way he liked. At one of the feasts, Vasily bets that he will fight at the head of his squad on the Volkhov bridge with all the Novgorod peasants. The battle begins, and Vasily's threat to beat all opponents to the last is close to being carried out; only the intervention of Vasily's mother saves the Novgorodians. In the next epic, feeling the weight of his sins, Basil goes to pray for them in Jerusalem. But the pilgrimage to holy places does not change the character of the hero: he defiantly violates all prohibitions and dies in the most ridiculous way on the way back, trying to prove his youth.

One of the most original heroes of the Kyiv epic epic. According to legend, Duke arrives in Kyiv from “Rich India”, which, apparently, was the name of the Galicia-Volyn land. Upon arrival, the Duke begins to brag about the luxury of his city, his own wealth, his clothes, which his horse brings daily from India, and finds the wine and rolls of the prince of Kyiv tasteless. Vladimir, in order to test Duke's boasting, sends an embassy to Duke's mother. As a result, the embassy admits that if you sell Kyiv and Chernigov and buy papers for an inventory of Dyukov's wealth, then that paper will not be enough.

Often these people are credited with inhuman abilities. They are described as strong and powerful men riding huge horses. In their hands they always held a spear or other heavy weapon. Epics and songs about heroes were copied more than once. New details and details were added there. Sometimes the character of the hero himself underwent changes. Especially this began to be traced after the adoption of Christianity in Russia.

Often these people are credited with inhuman abilities // Photo: pereformat.ru

Although our man was not distinguished by militancy, nevertheless, among the people there were his strong representatives. So, history keeps many names of people with heroic strength: Svyatogor, Peresvet, Mikula Selyaninovich and others. They shed their blood for their native territories and their brethren.

Over time, the heroes have changed. They began to be in the service not of the people, but of the princes. The most famous such heroes were Dobrynya, Ilya and Alyosha. They were the most sung in songs. They were portrayed by famous artists such as Vasnetsov. However, his picture "Three Heroes" is historically incorrect. They all lived in different times. So Dobrynya was born in the 15th century, Alyosha - in the 13th, and Ilya - in the 12th. In addition to them, there were still a large number of strong men on Russian soil.

Great Svyatogor

One of the most mysterious and oldest Russian heroes. His story overshadows the exploits of even Muromets himself. His name completely matches his appearance. In the pictures, he appears as a real giant. However, there are few reliable facts about this crane man. His death is especially incomprehensible. Svyatogor allegedly found a bag with all the "weight of the earth." And he died while trying to move her.

Great Svyatogor // Photo: zoroastrian.ru

There is a legend that describes the joint campaign of Muromets and Svyatogor. She colorfully describes how the younger generation is replacing the old one. The legend says that during the journey of two heroes, a coffin appears on their way, thrown up by fate itself. Nearby was a prophecy that said that only the one who was destined for it would lie in it. Ilya lay down there first, but the coffin seemed too huge for him. Then it was Svyatogor's turn. As soon as the hero lay down in it, the lid immediately slammed shut. The giant could not get out of there. In this legend, the feat of the hero is that the hero transferred all his strength to Muromets.

Mikula Selyaninovich

Mikula was a simple peasant. In epics, he appears as a plowman god, the protector of the peasants and their lands. If you believe the legends, then it is thanks to him that we can use the gifts of the mother earth.

Mikula Selyaninovich // Photo: russkay-literatura.ru

The most famous story that describes the life of the hero is the epic about Volga and Mikul. In it, the hero goes to the service of Prince Volkh in his squad to fight the Varangians. Before that, the epic describes how a man laughs at Volga and his associates, because they cannot pull a peasant's ordinary plow out of the ground.

Volkh Vseslavevich

He is known not only as a hero, but also as a werewolf and magician. Volkh was a prince of Kyiv. And the stories about him are very reminiscent of folk tales. Already the birth of the hero was shrouded in mystical events. Rumor has it that his father is Veles himself, who appeared to the mother of the hero in the form of a snake. Immediately after the future hero was born, there was thunder and lightning flashed.

Volkh Vseslavievich // Photo: zmajsvetovidov.blogspot.com

There are legends that say that Volkh often walked among the squad in his childhood. At night, he turned into a wolf and got food for the warriors. But the most famous epic is the one that tells about the victory of the hero over the Indian king. Noticing that the enemy was plotting evil against the Russian lands, Volkh used his magic and immediately struck all the enemy’s army.

The prototype for the hero is a real person - Vseslav Polotsky. The people were a little afraid of him, because they considered him a sorcerer. In fact, the prince was just very cunning and took cities with his mind and extremely ruthlessly got rid of enemies.

Pupil 4 - B class MBOU Lyceum No. 3 Mityanov Dmitry

Objective- to find out who the heroes are and whether there are heroes in modern life now.

Methods and techniques:

Collection of information from books, magazines, online articles, films
Observation
Analysis
Comparison
Generalization
Questionnaire

Main results

The topic of our research is very important for any generation, because we must know our past, the great deeds of our people, our heroes. They are an example of courage and valor, the pride of our land and bring up the Russian spirit in us.
Modern heroes are not completely like heroes, but they have absorbed part of their strength. They are also strong in spirit, stand guard over peace and life, show the power and strength of our Motherland.
If you combine the qualities of athletes, military leaders and people's volunteers together, then, just, you get the image of a real hero.
In our time, Russia needs heroes (dies environment culture perishes, real values of life are lost).

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Regional competition of research works

"Start in Science"

MBOU lyceum №3

Russian bogatyrs:

Who are they?

Completed:

Student 4 "b" class

Mityanov Dmitry

Supervisor:

Mokrova O.V. primary school teacher

Consultant:

Mityanova A. A.

Kulebaki

2013

1. Introduction. Why I chose this topic……………………………………....3

2. Main part…………………………………………………………………..4

2.1 Where did the word "hero" come from? …………………………………four

2.2. Epic heroes………………………………………………………..5

2.3. Epic heroes in Russian culture…………………………………10

2.4. Modern heroes………………………………………………………12

2.5. Questioning…………………………………………………………….15

3. Our conclusions………………………………………………………………..19

4. Materials used…………………………………………….......20

5. Application……………………………………………………………………21

5. 1. Works………………………………………………………………...21

5. 2. Drawings……………………………………………….…………………..23

Glory to the Russian side!

Glory to Russian antiquity!

And about this old

I'll start telling

So that people can know

About the affairs of the native land.

1. Introduction. Why I chose this topic.

I really like to explore the world around me. I made many discoveries for myself from books that I love to read.

Once my mother gave me a book with epics about ancient Russian heroes for the holiday of the Defender of the Fatherland (February 23), and it was as if I opened the door of time and saw the ancient times of our people. Powerful images of Russian heroes and their great feats in the fight against evil, protecting our native land, appeared before my eyes. I admire their courage, prowess, strength, will, but most importantly, their ardent love for the Motherland.

Russian epics are a kind of encyclopedia of folk life, a source of ardent patriotism and our national pride. No wonder they inspired the great Russian poets, writers, composers and artists. The great feats of Russian heroes, their selfless love for the Motherland and me inspired my research. I wanted to know:Why are they called heroes? get to know them better, and also find out if there are heroes now and who are they?

That's why the purpose of my research is to find out who the epic heroes are and whether there are heroes in modern life now.

The object of the study are Russian heroes.

Hypotheses:

Let's say that heroes are defenders from enemies, warriors with great strength.
It is possible that the heroes lived a very long time and now they are gone.
But what if the hero is an example of the great spirit of a Russian person.

Tasks:

Find out who the heroes are and conduct a survey among children and adults;

Get acquainted with literature and works of art about Russian heroes;

Get to know the "great" people of our time;

Compare the qualities of epic and modern heroes; to conclude.

Research methods:reading books, survey, analysis, comparison. Generalization.

My mother and my teacher helped me with the research.

2. The main part.

2. 1. Where did the word "hero" come from?

Now the word "hero" can often be heard: "heroic health", "heroic strength", "heroic dream" we say, "hero" we call every strong and healthy person, athlete, commander, war veteran.

But even 150-200 years ago, every Russian, saying "hero", compared someone with the epic defenders of his native land.

What does this word "hero" mean and where did it come from in our language? At first, the opinions of scientists were of three types:

1. Some believed that the word "hero" was borrowed from the Tatar and Turkic languages, where it appears in various forms: bagadur, batur, batyr, bator. It is assumed that the word has a historical meaning, that its original form of the word was "bogatyr" and that it was originally used in the meaning of "Tatar governor" and the title, as the present "master".

2. Other scientists, Shchepkin and Buslaev, deduced "bogatyr" from the word "God" through "rich".

3. O. Miller and others believed that the word "hero" is Russian and goes back to ancient Slavic history (the Proto-Aryan beginning and the Sanskrit language). The opinion proceeded from the position that the word "bagadur" is not a Tatar one, but is borrowed from the Sanskrit baghadhara (possessing happiness, successful).

At present, after new archaeological discoveries, discoveries of hidden historical facts and historical research, it seems that a revolution in history is planned, since the information is very contradictory to that in textbooks and the accepted history of Russia. And discussions on the origin of the word "hero" resumed.

The philologist V. Kozhinov and the historian L. Prozorov are against borrowing from the Tatar language in favor of Slavic origin. They argue that the word "bogatyr", much closer to the epic form, appeared in the inscriptions of the Bulgarians - "bogotur" (some of these bogotours have quite Slavic names - Slavna, for example).

Our opinion about the word "hero" is also in support of the Slavic origin. It did not come from anywhere, but was always primordially Russian. This opinion is based on the ancient Slavic culture of our people in the period before the Baptism of Russia. This is confirmed by many scientists and historians that Russia has a great past and is much older than previously described.

2.2. Epic heroes.

The theme of heroes takes us more and more into the ancient culture and history of our people. It was very interesting to read about the world outlook of our ancestors. It turns out that they were not savages, as they are described, for example, in our book "The History of Russia for Children and Adults." We learned that our ancestors were wise with a great culture and cared about the spiritual future of the people from childhood. This is reflected in sayings, proverbs, fables, tales, epics.

Epics are also the ancient wisdom of our people only for the older generation. The bylina came from the word "truth", and it is from the ancient Slavic verb - "to be", that is, what was and happened. Epics were composed by storytellers - the keepers of Russian antiquity, the bearers of the historical memory of the people. They went from village to village and chanted (like a song) about the great events of our country, about the heroic heroes, their exploits, how they overcame evil enemies, defended their land, showed their courage, courage, ingenuity, kindness .

In our study, we tried to include ancient figurative thinking and get to know the epic heroes better.

We learned that, according to legends and ancient epics, there first existedgiants-bogatyrs.Let's get acquainted with some of them.

Hero-element

Bogatyr	Description and skills
Gorynya (Sverni-mountain, Vertigor)	The mountain giant, possessing inhuman strength, twisted stones, broke mountains, violated (changed) the nature of things: “It captures the mountain, carries it to the log and lays out the road, or shakes the mountain on the little finger "
Dubynya (Dubynech, Vernidub, Vyrvi-oak)	A forest giant with superhuman strength. In his forests, he behaved like a caring owner:“Dubye makes up (levels): which oak is high, that one shoves into the ground, and which is low, pulls from the ground” or “dubye tears”
Adoption (Usynych, Usynka, Krutius)	River giant, rules the water element: “he stole the river with his mouth, he catches fish with his mustache, he cooks and eats on his tongue, he dammed the river with one mustache, and along the mustache, as if over a bridge, footmen are walking, horsemen are jumping, carts are going, he is with a nail, a beard with an elbow, a mustache is dragging along the ground , wings lie a mile away.
Dunay Ivanovich	mighty hero,“The Danube is not like other heroes; obviously a stranger from other countries, exuberant in spirit, he is distinguished by some special proud posture.He was in the service of the Lithuanian king, was married to the youngest daughter of the king, Nastasya, a “warrior-woodpile”. In the epic, the Danube, in the competition, falls into Nastasya, and she dies. In despair, he threw himself on his spear and died next to his wife, the Danube River overflows, and the wife - the Nastasya River: “And he fell on a knife with a zealous heart; Since that time, from hot blood, Mother Danube flowed»
Svyatogor	The bogatyr is a giant of incredible strength. "He is taller than the dark forest, he props up the clouds with his head. He gallops along the Holy Mountains - the mountains stagger under him, he will drive into the river - water splashes out of the river. There is no one with whom Svyatogor can measure his strength. To travel around Russia, to take a walk with other heroes, to fight with enemies, to shake the strength of the hero, but the trouble is: the earth does not hold him, only stone cliffs under his weight do not collapse, do not fall.

Epics about the heroes-elements, in our opinion, sing of the majesty and spirituality of nature and bring us through the centuries the wisdom of the unity and interconnection of everything in the world. The epic heroes-elements are not people, but they fully correspond to the original image of the hero. The power of natural elements is superior to human, powerful and of divine origin (creative and destructive). She is generous with natural gifts and patronizes everything: animals, vegetation, humans. We assume that therefore the elements were represented in a heroic image.

To replace the hero-element camehero-man. According to historians, epics about the same hero were written for centuries (in different centuries) and reflect the exploits of real warriors. That is, the images of most epic heroes are collective (collected from various folk heroes and events). Let's get acquainted with some heroes from the epics "Volga and Mikula Selyaninovich", "Alyosha Popovich and Tugarin the Serpent", "Dobrynya and the Serpent", "Ilya Muromets and Svyatogor", "Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber", "Healing of Ilya Muromets", "Ilya Muromets and Kalin - Tsar”, “Ilya Muromets and Idolishche”.

Bogatyr-man

Bogatyr	Description and skills
Mikula Selyaninovich	Strongly powerful hero-plowman (oratay). He is stronger than not only Volga, but also his entire squad.... a good friend's fry twirl around, but the midges cannot pull out of the ground ... Then the oratayushko came to the maple fry. After all, he took the bipod with one hand, he pulled the bipod out of the ground ... ".Mikula helped defend his land from enemies, but he did not give up his agricultural work. He said: "Who will feed Russia then?Mikula's strength is in connection with the land and the common people.
Alyosha Popovich	Russian young hero from Rostov, who was distinguished by strength, courage, prowess, onslaught, audacity, resourcefulness, sharpness and cunning. Where there was not enough strength in battle, he won with ingenuity. He is boastful, overly sly and evasive. He is distinguished by decisiveness, wit and cheerfulness. Knows how to call for help natural phenomena (rain, hail ..)“... Alyosha had a profitable prayer ...”
Nikitich	Russian hero from Ryazan, hero-warrior and diplomat (negotiated without bloodshed). He combined great strength, boundless courage and courage, military skill, nobility of thoughts and deeds, education, foresight and foresight. He knew how to sing, play the harp, was skilled in chess, and had outstanding diplomatic skills. Dobrynya in all epics expresses his heroic qualities, jealously protects the dignity of the Russian warrior, he is reasonable in speeches, restrained, tactful, caring son and faithful husband.
Ilya Muromets	The great Russian hero from near Murom, a hero-peasant. He has great spiritual power. And endowed with powerful physical strength. He is distinguished by selfless, unbounded love for the motherland (patriotism), a sense of justice, self-esteem, courage, courage and prowess. He is honest to the smallest detail and straightforward. He is magnanimous and kind when it does not concern enemies. This is a mature and experienced defender of the Russian land.

The epic hero-man also correspond to the original meaning of the word "hero". The performers of epics gave a very simple explanation to the most incredible epic episodes.: "In the old days, people were not at all the same as they are now - heroes."According to epics, heroes are endowed with superior strength from birth or upon reaching spiritual maturity. According to legend, such power was given only to spiritually mature people, because a less spiritual person can use such power to the detriment of the environment. It seems like a fairy tale, but even my great-grandfather and great-grandmother told about such unusual people in their time. And also the heroes are spiritually strong. The strength lies in the fact that they perform feats for the benefit of all the people, not for rewards, but for the triumph of truth, justice, and freedom; protect Mother Russia without sparing their lives under any circumstances (unequal battle and more). Bogatyrs show the best qualities - love for their native land, selfless courage and fortitude, independence of spirit, struggle for justice, truth, honor, etc.

We think that the unification of Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich and Alyosha Popovich is a call and aspiration of the people for unity. The strength of the people is in unity. The combination of the qualities of the three heroes suggests that for the defense of the motherland, victory, not only the strength of the onslaught is important, but also resourcefulness and the ability to resolve the issue peacefully. "Three heroes" is an image of the heroic spirit and power of the Russian people. In the old days they said:“The hands of a Slav are in work, and the mind is with the Almighty.”

2.3. Epic heroes in Russian culture.

Epics of our people inspired many creative people. Now we can get acquainted with the great heroes-heroes by visual, musical, sculptural, works of art.

Russian artists introduce us to the heroes: V. Vasnetsov "Bogatyrs", "The Knight at the Crossroads", etc.; N. Roerich "Ilya Muromets", "Morning of the Heroism of Kyiv", etc.; K. Vasiliev “Ilya Muromets liberates the prisoners”, “The Gift of Svyatogor”, etc.; I. Bilibin "Ilya Muromets and Nightingale the Robber ”, “Dobrynya Nikitich” and others.

V. Vasnetsov "Bogatyrs"

For example, for the figurative embodiment of the heroes beloved by the people, Viktor Vasnetsov managed to find such artistic solutions that made Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich, and Alyosha Popovich “alive”. The images of all three are life-truthful, deeply humane, revealed in their personal identity. A mighty, unshakable outpost stands the bogatyrs on the eternal guard of their native land, vigilantly peering into the distance and sensitively listening to everything around them. not a man, not even a bird from abroad will fly by. An irresistible force emanates from the heroes. They are full of folk beauty, they have the indomitable spirit of the people, ready at any moment to give everything for "the honor and freedom of their native land."

In each of the heroes, the artist managed to embody the best, typical features of the Russian character, Russian strength and valor. The majestic calm, coming from the consciousness of the heroes of their rightness and strength, saturates the whole picture. The horses under the mighty riders are to match the riders - powerful, fearless, they boldly and vigilantly look from the canvas. In the background of the picture is the Russian land, their homeland, which they are ready to defend.

Russian music also acquaints us with heroic images: A.P. Borodin "Bogatyrskaya", M.P. Mussorgsky "Bogatyr Gates", N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov "Sadko", A. Grechaninov opera"Nikitich" and others.

For example, Alexander Borodin in his symphony No. 2 "Bogatyrskaya" part 1 (based on Vasnetsov's painting "Bogatyrs") depicted a collection of Russian heroes.

The music of this movement is based on two themes:

The first theme is formidable, resolute, and sounds rather heavy. This is the image of heroes, heroic strength.

The second theme is soft, melodious, lyrical. Here the composer "draws" the image of native Russian nature.

Folk proverbs also acquaint us with heroic images:

The hero is not glorious by birth, but by a feat.
There is no better thing than defending your native land from enemies.
My wealth is a heroic strength, my business is to serve Russia, to defend from enemies.
In the Russian heart there is a direct honor and love for Mother Russia.
The hero will die, but his name will remain.

The monument to Ilya Muromets (sculptor V.M. Klykov), which was installed in 1999 in the city park of Murom, is very famous.

It is like a formidable reminder to all foreign invaders that heroes have not yet died out on Russian soil - heroes and there is someone to protect Russia, that the heroic spirit is alive in each of us.

2.4. Modern heroes.

Are there heroes in the modern world now? To find out, we decided to meet some of the "great" people of the past centuries and our time.

Table 4

Prominent people of Russia

FULL NAME.	Brief information and merits
Athletes : legendary champions - wrestlers I.M. Poddubny and I. S. Yarygin; champions - weightlifters V.I. Alekseev and L.I. Zhabotinsky; our fellow countryman (kulebachanin) - champion weightlifter V.P. Sadovnikov and others. We especially want to note I.M. Poddubnova.
(1871-1949) professional wrestler and athlete	He comes from a poor peasant family from the Poltava region to a poor peasant family. From an early age, he helped his father plow the land, thresh rye. The simplicity of the peasant way of life, the hard physical labor laid down unusual perseverance in the character of the boy, helped to accumulate powerful strength, for which the Russian nugget became famous in the future. While working as a loader in the Sevastopol port, he shouldered a huge box, which was beyond the power of even three, rose to his full huge height and walked up the trembling gangway. Honored Artist of Russia (1939), Honored Master of Sports (1945). Cavalier of the Order of the Red Banner of Labor (1939) "in the development of Soviet sports." In 1905-08. world champion in classical wrestling among professionals. Wrestled in the circus arena until the age of 70. For 40 years of performances, he has not lost a single competition. He won brilliant victories over almost all the strongest professional wrestlers in the world, for which he was recognized as the "champion of champions". This title was awarded to him by popular rumor. The people called him "Ivan the Invincible", "Thunderstorm of Champions", "Man-Mountain", "Ivan Iron". When the occupation of the Germans began in the Second World War, Poddubny's heart was already aching at that time, he was 70 years old, but he refused to be evacuated and stayed. The Germans offered him to train German wrestlers, but he remained faithful to his homeland:“I am a Russian wrestler. I will remain» .After the liberation of Yeysk, Ivan Maksimovich traveled to nearby military units and hospitals, spoke with memories and raised the morale of the people. A monument was erected in Yeysk, there is a museum and a sports school named after him. On the gravestone of I.M. Poddubny is carved: "Here lies the Russian hero."
Warlords : the great Russian commander A.V. Suvorov; Russian commander, Field Marshal M.I. Kutuzov; marshals commanders of the Great Patriotic War A.M. Vasilevsky and G.K. Zhukov; air marshalsI.N. Kozhedub and A.I. Pokryshkin and others. We especially want to note A.V. Suvorov.
Alexander Vasilievich Suvorov (1730-1800) great Russian commander	Born into a military family of noble origin. He spent his childhood on his father's estate in the countryside. Suvorov grew weak, was often sick, but from an early age, the craving for military affairs and the decision to become a military man inspires Suvorov to strengthen his body. He hardens and goes in for physical exercises, in any weather he makes long journeys on foot, develops endurance. During his life, the legendary commander fought 63 battles, and all of them were victorious; passed all stages of army service - from private to generalissimo. In two wars against the Ottoman Empire, Suvorov was finally recognized as the "first sword of Russia." He was awarded numerous awards. Possessing extraordinary personal courage, he threw himself into the heat of battle, paying for it with repeated wounds. Unselfishness, generosity, good nature, ease of handling attracted all hearts to him. Suvorov showed a humane attitude towards the civilian population and prisoners, severely pursued looting. Suvorov's patriotism was based on the idea of serving the fatherland, a deep belief in the high combat abilities of the Russian warrior ("In the world there is nowhere a braver Russian").Suvorov entered the history of Russia as an innovative commander who made a huge contribution to the development of military art, developed and implemented an original system of views on the methods and forms of warfare and combat, education and training of troops. Suvorov's strategy was offensive in nature. Suvorov's strategy and tactics were outlined in his work "The Science of Victory". The essence of his tactics is the three martial arts: eye, speed, onslaught. His name has become synonymous with victory, military prowess, heroism and patriotism. The Suvorov heritage is still used in the training and education of Russian troops. “My offspring, please take my example! ..”
Officers and privates of the Great Patriotic War.They are all true heroes of our country. They showed steadfastness, courage, ardent love for the Motherland, fought without sparing their lives for our future and the future of Russia. We will always remember their deeds!

We tried to compare the "great" people of our Motherland with the characteristics of a hero.

Characteristics of the hero:

Physical strength - very strong and powerful, endowed with superior strength from birth or later, when spiritually ready.
Strength of mind - brave, noble, resolute, with a sense of justice, dignity, has independence of mind, willpower, ingenuity, resourcefulness, loves his native land and the world around him, is ready to fight to the end even without hope of victory, to give his life for his homeland and people .
Martial arts - may or may not be trained in martial arts. Free in decisions and from duty.
The life's work is to protect the people and native land from a deadly threat, not out of duty or personal benefit (reward), but at the behest of the soul.

We could not find a hero in the native sense of the word among the "great" people of modern times. Warlords are more like knights. Athletes compete in competitions without a threat to the life of the country, and if suddenly there is a war, they may not go to it. Volunteers are strong in spirit, but may not exceed strength and participate in not all wars. But we do not want to say that there are no heroes. Maybe we don’t know about them, they don’t compose modern epics about them. And the meaning of the word "hero" is now, as it were, blurry.

2.5. Questionnaire

We conducted a survey of children and adults, where we wanted to know the awareness, the opinion of others: how important the topic of Russian heroes is in our time. 12 primary school children and 12 adults took part in our survey.

Poll results:

To the question "who are the heroes?" children and adults wrote similar responses. General description: Bogatyrs are powerful people of the Russian land, brave, courageous (strong in spirit), warriors, defenders of their homeland and people.
The most famous heroes:

Among children and adults, the most famous were Ilya Muromets, Dobrynya Nikitich and Alyosha Popovich.

75% of children and 58% of adults would like to be like Ilya Muromets. Because he is the strongest, he always defended his native land and was our countryman.

8% of children - for Dobrynya Nikitich, because he was wise, and of adults 20% - for Alyosha Popovich, because he is strong, the youngest and most savvy.

2% of adults - on Peresvet and Oslyabya - who, after military life, thought about the high meaning of life, went into monasticism. 17% - 20% of children and adults wanted to be like themselves.

The main qualities of a hero

Children Adults:

Physical Strength (67%) - Physical Strength (75%)

Spirit (33%) - Spirit (16%)

Fortitude marked - love for the Motherland, courage, masculinity, resourcefulness, willpower, kindness, a sense of justice and others.

Military art (9%)

Children see the hero not necessarily as a warrior, but as a person who is always very powerful and strong in spirit. Adults see the hero not only as a powerful and strong spirit, but also knowledgeable in military affairs. Mighty strength is highlighted as the main quality.

Attracts in heroes

But both children and adults in heroes are attracted by their spiritual qualities (courage, self-confidence, nobility, helping the weak, fighting for justice, love for the Motherland and its defense).

How did you find out about the heroes?

Children Adults:

Books (epics, tales) (67%) - books (epics, tales) (50%)

Movies and cartoons (25%) - movies and cartoons (33%)

Stories, excursions (8%) - stories, excursions (17%)

Children and adults learned about heroes mainly from books.

Can a woman be a hero?

67% of children and 25% of adults believe that they cannot, because a woman has less strength and this is not a woman's business, a woman is the keeper of the hearth and family. And 33% of children and 67% of adults believe that they can, because female wisdom, cunning and ingenuity help a woman win.

Are there any heroes now? Who can be named?

83% of children and 25% of adults believe that there are no real heroes anymore, because over time people have changed or do not know about them, and the heroes remained the heroes of antiquity. But 7% of children and 67% of adults believe that even now there are heroes - these are athletes, soldiers of war, commanders.

Is it possible to become rich?

Most children and adults think they can. To do this, you need to believe in yourself, go in for sports, be fair, kind, wise, honest, train willpower, spirit, help people, be a patriot. But some children and adults believe that it will not work. Because physical and spiritual data are laid from nature (God). You can become a good person, a strong athlete, a hero, but not a hero.

Is it honorable to be a hero in our time?

Half of the adults and some of the children believe that now it is not honorable to be a hero. Because over time, the character traits for which the heroes were respected ceased to be valued, and the aspirations of people changed towards the achievement of material values. But most children and 42% of adults think it's an honor. Because we lack such people as heroes, they believe in eternal human values, they look with hope and optimism into the future.

3. Our findings

As a result of our study, we conducted a survey among children and adults, learned their opinion about the heroes of the past and present; learned the origin of the word "hero"; got acquainted with literature and works of art about Russian heroes; got acquainted with epic heroes; get acquainted with the "great" people of our and past time; compared the qualities of epic and modern heroes.

I am sure that the topic of our research is very important for any generation, because we must know our past, the great deeds of our people, our heroes. They are an example of courage and valor, the pride of our land and bring up the Russian spirit in us.

Although modern heroes do not completely look like heroes, they have absorbed part of their strength. They are also strong in spirit, stand guard over peace and life, show the power and strength of our Motherland. And as long as we have such heroes, as long as we remember them, the heroic spirit of the Russian people is also alive.

We think that if we combine the qualities of athletes, military leaders and people's volunteers together, then we will get the image of a real hero.

In our time, Russia needs heroes (the environment is dying, culture is dying, the real values of life are being lost).

Let's awaken the heroic spirit in each of us and fight back any enemy!

And strong, mighty heroes in glorious Russia!

Do not jump enemies on our Earth!

Do not trample their horses on the Russian Land,

Do not overshadow our red sun!

Russia stands for a century - it does not stagger!

And it will stand for centuries - it will not move!

4. Used materials.

1. Pictures from the site on the Internet

2. Anikin V.P. Epics. Russian folk tales. Chronicles. Moscow: Higher school, 1986.

3. Epics. Russian folk tales. M.: Children's literature, 1986.

4. Epics. Russian folk tales. Old Russian stories / Anikin V.P., Likhachev D.S., Mikhelson T.N. M.: Children's literature, 1979.

5. Rybakov B.A. Russia: Legends. Epics. Chronicles. M.: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences, 1963.

6. Selivanov V.I. Bogatyr epic of the Russian people / Epics. M.: Soviet literature, 1988. v.1. - p.5-25.

7. Wikipedia website

5. Application

5. 1. Compositions.

Composition based on the painting by V. M. Vasnetsov “Heroes” of a student of grade 4-B MBOU Lyceum No. 3 Bogatov Ilya

The painting by V. M. Vasnetsov depicts three heroes. Bogatyrs are powerful, brave. They vigilantly look into the distance, fulfill their heroic duty. The expression on their faces is serious, their eyes are formidable, they are very collected, ready to fight at any moment. The heroes are very confident in themselves and are ready to die for Russia.

Ilya Muromets is wearing chain mail, has gray mittens on his hands, and boots to match his brown pants. He is holding a large spear. And the mighty hero himself sits on his black horse in the center of the picture.

Dobrynya Nikitich is to the right of Ilya Muromets. He is also dressed in heroic style, and holds a shield and a sword in his hands. His beard is long and well groomed.

Alyosha Popovich is the youngest of the heroes, he is without a beard and rather thin. He has a bow in his hand.

Bogatyr horses are well-groomed and beautiful. Their manes and tails flutter in the wind. The artist depicted the Christmas trees in the foreground of the picture as small, and the heroes as large, this emphasizes the power and strength of the heroes. The sky in the picture is gloomy, everything is covered with heavy gray clouds, and a strong wind that sways the grass and waves the horses' manes.

I really liked this picture. I am proud of our Motherland, its heroes - heroes who, in difficult times, defended the country and the common people.

An essay based on the painting by V. M. Vasnetsov “Heroes” by a student of grade 4-A MBOU Lyceum No. 3 Kurova Anastasia

Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov worked on the painting "Bogatyrs" for twenty years. And on April 23, 1898, it was completed and bought by Tretyakov for his gallery.

The painting depicts three heroes - Dobrynya Nikitich, Ilya Muromets and Alyosha Popovich. Ilya Muromets is powerful, wise, he is in the center on a black horse. He is the oldest of the heroes. And the horse suits him. He is dressed in chain mail. He has a spear in one hand and a club in the other. On the left, on a white horse, is a resolute, impetuous, noble hero - Dobrynya Nikitich. He is the only one of a noble family. He is dressed in chain mail, has a pointed helmet on his head, and overseas boots on his feet. The horse has an elegant harness, with three golden crescents, this is a sign of victory over the Tatars. On the right, on a bay horse, Alyosha Popovich holds a bow with arrows in his hands. Compared to his comrades, he is young and slim. On Alyosha's side is a quiver. His horse bent his head so that the rider could shoot at any moment.

Three heroes stand on a wide plain, turning into a low hill, in the middle of which we see withered grass and occasionally small Christmas trees peeping through. The sky in the picture is cloudy and disturbing, which means the danger threatening the heroes.

Vasnetsov wanted us to be proud of our heroic ancestors, to remember them, to love the land where we were born.

The picture evokes a feeling of confidence that the heroes are invincible.

5.2. Drawings.

Drawing "Ilya Muromets"4-B class student Ilya Chekhlov

https://accounts.google.com

Slides captions:

Russian heroes: who are they? Completed by: Pupil of 4 "b" class MBOU Lyceum No. 3 Mityanov Dmitry Head: Mokrova O.V. primary school teacher Consultant: Mityanova A. A.

And strong, mighty heroes in glorious Russia! Do not jump enemies on our Earth! Do not trample their horses on the Russian Land, Do not overshadow our red sun! Russia stands for a century - it does not stagger! And it will stand for centuries - it will not move!

The purpose of the study is to find out who the epic heroes are, whether there are heroes in modern life. Hypotheses: Let's assume that the heroes are defenders from enemies, warriors with great strength. It is possible that the heroes lived a very long time and now they are gone. But what if the hero is an example of the great spirit of a Russian person. Russian heroes: who are they?

Study plan

The study of the word "bogatyr" "Bogatyr" in those distant times when this word was born meant - the one who surpasses the exorbitant (impossible to measure) power from God and carries it in himself (spiritually strong), "rich" - not in gold and diamonds, but spiritually and bodily.

Epic heroes Gorynya (Sverni-gora, Vertigor) Dubynya (Dubynech, Vernidub, Tear-oak) Adoptive (Usynych, Usynka, Krutius) Danube Ivanovich Svyatogor

Epic heroes Mikula Selyaninovich Alyosha Popovich Dobrynya Nikitich Ilya Muromets

Epic heroes in Russian culture Painting by V Vasnetsov “Heroes” Excerpts from the essays on the painting “Heroes” by 4th grade students of MBOU Lyceum No. 3: “I look at the painting by V. M. Vasnetsov “Heroes”. On it we see three heroes, three heroes whom the people sang in their epics and legends ... "(Levkin E.) "... In the center of the picture is the most important of the heroes - Ilya Muromets. Next to him are Dobrynya Nikitich and Alyosha Popovich…” (Sukhareva L.) “…Powerful, brave heroes. They vigilantly look into the distance, fulfilling their heroic duty. The expression on their faces is serious, their gaze is formidable ... They are ready to rush into battle at any moment ... ”(Bogatov I.)

Epic heroes in the drawings of students Drawing "Ilya Muromets" by a student of 4-B class Chekhlov Ilya Drawing "The struggle of a hero with dark forces" by a student of 4-B class Dmitry Mityanov

Epic heroes in Russian culture Monument to Ilya Muromets in the city of Murom (sculptor V.M. Klykov) Composer A.P. Borodin Symphony No. 2 "Bogatyrskaya"

Modern heroes Ivan Maksimovich Poddubny (1871-1949) professional wrestler and athlete Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov (1730-1800) great Russian commander Nikolai Gastello Alexey Meresyev Alexander Matrosov

Public opinion poll Who are the heroes? What heroes do you know? How did you find out about the heroes? What qualities and skills are endowed with heroes? What attracts in bogatyrs, why are epic bogatyrs national heroes? Which hero would you like to be like? Why? What do you think, can a woman be a hero? Why? Are there any heroes now? List who you know. Can we call heroes those who defended our Motherland in the Great Patriotic War? Why? Is it possible to become rich? How? Is it honorable to be a hero in our time? Why?

Poll results 1. Bogatyrs are powerful people of the Russian land, brave, courageous (strong in spirit), warriors, defenders of their homeland and people. 2. The most famous heroes: 3. The main qualities of a hero: Children: Adults: - physical strength (67%) - physical strength (75%) - strength of mind (33%) - strength of spirit (16%) - military art (9% ) four . Attracts in heroes - spiritual qualities (courage, self-confidence, nobility, help to the weak, struggle for justice, love for the Motherland and its protection).

Poll results 5 . How did you find out about the heroes? Children: Adults: - books (epics, tales) (67%) - books (epics, tales) (50%) movies and cartoons (25%) - movies and cartoons (33%) stories, excursions (8%) - stories , excursions (17%) 6. Can a woman be a hero? 67% of children and 25% of adults believe that they cannot 33% of children and 67% of adults believe that they can 7. Are there heroes now? Who can be named? 83% of children and 25% of adults believe that real heroes are already 7% of children and 67% of adults believe that there are heroes even now

9. Is it honorable in our time to be a hero? Poll results 8. Is it possible to become a hero?

My conclusions The topic of our research is very important for any generation, because we must know our past, the great deeds of our people, our heroes. They are an example of courage and valor, the pride of our land and bring up the Russian spirit in us. Modern heroes are not completely like heroes, but they have absorbed part of their strength. They are also strong in spirit, stand guard over peace and life, show the power and strength of our Motherland. In our time, Russia needs heroes (the environment is dying, culture is dying, the real values of life are being lost).

The original Russian "superheroes" were heroes who defended our land hundreds of years ago. In epics and legends, images of many Russian heroes have been preserved, and this post will introduce us to them.

Ilya Muromets. Holy hero

Ilya Muromets canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church, this is the main Russian hero. Ilya Muromets is the main character not only of Russian epics, but also, for example, German epic poems of the 13th century. They also call him Ilya, he is also a hero, yearning for his homeland. Ilya Muromets is also found in the Scandinavian sagas, in them he, no less, is the blood brother of Prince Vladimir.

Nikitich. Bogatyr with connections

Dobrynya Nikitich is often associated with the chronicle Dobrynya, the uncle of Prince Vladimir (according to another version, a nephew). His name embodies the essence of "heroic kindness." Dobrynya has the nickname “young”, with great physical strength “he won’t hurt a fly”, he is the protector of “widows and orphans, unfortunate wives”. Dobrynya is also "an artist at heart: a master of singing and playing the harp."

Alyosha Popovich. junior

The "youngest of the younger" heroes, and therefore his set of qualities is not so "supermanly". Vice is not even alien to him: cunning, selfishness, self-interest. That is, on the one hand, he is distinguished by courage, but on the other, he is proud, arrogant, quarrelsome, perky and rude.

Bova Royal. Popular hero

Bova Korolevich for a long time was the most popular hero among the people. Lubok tales about the "extraordinary hero" came out in hundreds of editions from the 18th to the 20th centuries. Pushkin wrote The Tale of Tsar Saltan, partly borrowing the plot and the names of the heroes of the fairy tales about the Boys Korolevich, which his nanny read to him. Moreover, he even made sketches of the poem "Bova", but death will prevent him from finishing the work. The prototype of this knight was the French knight Bovo de Anton from the famous chronicle poem Reali di Francia, written in the 14th century. In this regard, Bova is a completely unique hero - a visiting one.

Svyatogor. Megahero

Megahero. But the hero of the "old world". The giant, the elder hero the size of a mountain, whom even the earth does not hold, lies on the mountain in inactivity. Epics tell about his meeting with earthly cravings and death in a magical grave. Many features of the biblical hero Samson have been transferred to Svyatogora. It is difficult to determine exactly its ancient origin. In the legends of the people, the veteran hero transfers his strength to Ilya Muromets, the hero of the Christian age.

Duke Stepanovich. Bogatyr-major

Duke Stepanovich comes to Kyiv from conditional India, behind which, according to folklorists, in this case the Galicia-Volyn land is hiding, and arranges a boasting marathon in Kyiv, passes tests from the prince, and continues to brag. As a result, Vladimir learns that Duke is really very rich and offers him citizenship. But Duke refuses, because "if you sell Kyiv and Chernigov and buy papers for an inventory of Dyukov's wealth, then there will not be enough paper."

Mikula Selyaninovich. Bogatyr-plowman

Mikula Selyaninovich is a heroic agrarian. It is found in two epics: about Svyatogor and about Volga Svyatoslavich. Mikula is the first representative of agricultural life, a powerful peasant plowman. He is strong and hardy, but a homebody. He puts all his strength into agriculture and family.

Volga Svyatoslavovich. Bogatyr mage

Supporters of the "historical school" in the study of epics believe that Prince Vseslav Polotsky was the prototype of the epic Volga. Volga was also correlated with Prophetic Oleg, and his campaign in India - with Oleg's campaign against Constantinople. Volga is a difficult hero, he has the ability to be a werewolf, he knows how to understand the language of animals and birds.

Sukhman Odikhmantievich. Insulted hero

According to Vsevolod Miller, the Pskov prince Dovmont, who ruled from 1266 to 1299, was the prototype of the hero. In the bylina of the Kyiv cycle, Sukhman goes to get a white swan for Prince Vladimir, but on the way he comes into battle with the Tatar hordes, who are building viburnum bridges on the Nepre River. Sukhman defeats the Tatars, but in battle he receives wounds that he seals up with leaves. Returning to Kyiv without a white swan, he tells the prince about the battle, but the prince does not believe him and imprisons Sukhman in prison until clarification. Dobrynya goes to the Nepra and learns that Sukhman did not lie. But it's' too late. Sukhman feels shamed, peels off the leaves and bleeds. From his blood begins the river Sukhman.

Dunay Ivanovich. tragic hero

According to the epics about the Danube, it was from the blood of the hero that the river of the same name began. The Danube is a tragic hero. He loses to his wife Nastasya in an archery competition, accidentally hits her while trying to win back, finds out that Nastasya was pregnant and stumbles upon a saber.

Michael Potyk. Faithful husband

Folklorists disagree on who Mihailo Potyk (or Potok) should be related to. The roots of his image are found in the Bulgarian heroic epic, and in Western European fairy tales, and even in the Mongolian epic "Geser". According to one of the epics, Potok with his wife Avdotya Lebedya Belaya gives a vow that whoever of them dies first, the second is buried next to the grave alive. When Avdotya dies, Potok is buried nearby in full armor and on horseback, he fights the dragon and revives his wife with his blood. When he himself dies, Avdotya is buried with him.

Hoten Bludovich. Bogatyr-groom

Bogatyr Khoten Bludovich, for the sake of a wedding with an enviable bride, China Sentry, first beats nine of her brothers, then a whole army hired by her future mother-in-law. As a result, the hero receives a rich dowry and appears in the epic as a hero "who married well."

Vasily Buslaev. Zealous hero

The most daring hero of the Novgorod epic cycle. His unbridled temper leads to a conflict with the Novgorodians and he is desperately rowdy, betting that he will beat all the Novgorod men on the Volkhov bridge and almost fulfills the promise - until his mother stops him. In another epic, he is already mature, goes to Jerusalem to atone for sins. But Buslaev is incorrigible - he again takes up the old and absurdly perishes, proving his youth.

Nikita Kozhemyaka. serpent fighter

Nikita Kozhemyaka in Russian fairy tales is one of the main snake fighter characters. Before entering the fight with the Serpent, he breaks 12 skins, thereby proving his legendary strength. Kozhemyaka not only defeats the Serpent, but also harnesses him to a plow and plows the land from Kyiv to the Black Sea. The defensive ramparts near Kyiv got their name (Zmievs) precisely because of the deeds of Nikita Kozhemyaka.

Anika warrior. Bogatyr in words

Anika warrior is still called today a person who likes to brag about his strength far from danger (& couch fighter). Unusual for a Russian epic hero, the name of the hero is most likely taken from the Byzantine legend about the hero Digenis, who is mentioned there with the constant epithet anikitos. Anika the warrior in verse boasts of strength and offends the weak, he is shamed for this by death itself, Anika challenges her and dies.

The main characters of the epics are the heroes who alone defended the Russian land from hordes of enemy forces. The world depicted in epics is the entire Russian land. This is a world of opposition between good and evil, light and dark forces. In it, the heroes struggle with the manifestation of evil and violence; without this struggle, the epic world is impossible.

Ilya Muromets. Embodies strength

Ilya Muromets canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church, this is the main Russian hero. Ilya Muromets is the hero not only of Russian epics, but also, for example, German epic poems of the 13th century. They also call him Ilya, he is also a hero, yearning for his homeland. Ilya Muromets is also found in the Scandinavian sagas, in which he is the blood brother of Prince Vladimir.

Nikitich. Bogatyr-diplomat

Dobrynya Nikitich is often compared with the chronicle Dobrynya, the uncle of Prince Vladimir (according to one version, a nephew). His name embodies the essence of "heroic kindness." Dobrynya has the nickname "young", with great physical strength "he will not hurt a fly", he is the protector of "widows and orphans, unfortunate wives." Dobrynya is also "an artist at heart: a master of singing and playing the harp."

Alyosha Popovich. junior

Bova Royal. Popular hero

Svyatogor. Megahero

Mega hero of the "old world". The giant, the elder hero the size of a mountain, whom even the earth does not hold, lies on the mountain in inactivity. Epics tell about his meeting with earthly cravings and death in a magical grave. Many features of the biblical hero Samson have been transferred to Svyatogora. It is difficult to determine exactly its ancient origin. In the legends of the people, the veteran hero transfers his strength to Ilya Muromets, the hero of the Christian age.

Duke Stepanovich. Bogatyr-major

Mikula Selyaninovich. Bogatyr-plowman

Volga Svyatoslavovich. Bogatyr mage

Sukhman Odikhmantievich. Insulted hero

Dunay Ivanovich. tragic hero

Michael Potyk. Faithful husband

Hoten Bludovich. Bogatyr-groom

Vasily Buslaev. Zealous hero