Program “Accessible environment. Implementation of the target program "Accessible Environment" for the disabled

Introduction

Disability causes limitations in the possibilities of human life, due to physical, psychological, cultural, legislative and other barriers that prevent the integration of a person with a disability into society.

The social aspect of independent life is the right of a disabled person to be an integral part of society, to take part in social, political and economic processes, freedom of access to residential and public buildings, transport, means of communication, work, education, etc. In order for persons with disabilities to be able to actually realize the proclaimed equal rights to participate in all aspects of life, their full support is necessary.

Currently, the rehabilitation of people with disabilities is not only an urgent problem for society, but also a priority of the state social policy of our state.

In the Constitution adopted in 1993, Article 7 reads "The Russian Federation - a social state whose policy is aimed at creating conditions that ensure a decent life and free development of a person”, and this implies the obligation of the state to regulate the social sphere, not only to proclaim, but also to ensure a wide range of economic, social and cultural rights. On the one hand, the state is called upon to create conditions that ensure a decent life and free development of a person, on the other hand, to support the socially vulnerable segments of the population, families, motherhood, fatherhood and childhood, the disabled and the elderly.

For the first time, unhindered access of disabled people to social infrastructure facilities was legislatively enshrined in 1995 by the Federal Law of November 24, 1995 No. 181-ФЗ “On the Social Protection of Disabled Persons in the Russian Federation”. Article 15 "Ensuring unimpeded access of disabled people to social infrastructure facilities" states "the government of the Russian Federation, executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local governments and organizations, regardless of organizational and legal forms, create conditions for disabled people (including disabled people who use wheelchairs and dogs - conductors) for unimpeded access to social infrastructure facilities (residential, public and industrial buildings, buildings and structures, sports facilities, recreation areas, cultural and entertainment and other institutions), as well as for unhindered use of railway, air, water, intercity road transport and all types of urban and suburban passenger transport, means of communication and information (including means that provide duplication of light signals by sound signals of traffic lights and devices that regulate the movement of pedestrians through transport communications)”.

However, for a long time, the norms enshrined in the said law, in fact, remained inoperative. The practice of Russian urban planning, design of objects, organization of transport services practically did not take into account the needs of people with disabilities.

In 2006, the UN General Assembly Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities was adopted. As part of the fundamental issue of accessibility, Article 9 of the Convention provides “in order to enable persons with disabilities to lead independent lives and participate fully in all aspects of life, States Parties shall take appropriate measures to ensure that persons with disabilities have access, on an equal basis with others, to the physical environment, to transport, to information and communications, including information and communication technologies and systems, as well as other facilities and services open or provided to the public, in both urban and rural areas. These measures, which include identifying and removing barriers and barriers to accessibility…”.

Federal Law No. 46-FZ of May 3, 2012 “On the Ratification of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities”, the Russian Federation ratified the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities dated December 13, 2006, signed on behalf of the Russian Federation on September 24, 2008. The Convention notes a significant shift in the perception of persons with disabilities by society, on the one hand, it recognizes the right of a person with a disability to make decisions independently and be responsible for his life. On the other hand, states that ratify the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities are required to develop minimum standards for the accessibility of public facilities and various services, as well as to take appropriate measures for their application.

In one of his speeches in 2010 at a meeting of the Government of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin said, “For many years, the problems of disabled people were hushed up, as if they were trying not to notice these problems at all. The state, in fact, was limited to the payment of pensions or benefits. Many disabled people found themselves closed within four walls, fenced off, in fact, from society. To get an education, to make a professional career, one had to literally break through numerous obstacles. Naturally, this was not possible for everyone. The speech emphasized that “the task of the state is to radically change the situation for the better, to create all the necessary conditions for people for an active, full, dignified life, as is the case in a large number of countries with developed economies. To do this, it is necessary to actually reduce and, where realistically possible, completely eliminate the remaining barriers for the disabled, remove everything that prevents people from using transport services, receiving education and medical care, applying to state and municipal authorities and, of course, working. All these problems are designed to be solved by the special state program "Accessible Environment for 2011-2015" ... According to the program, by 2015 conditions should be created for unhindered access of people with disabilities to priority facilities and services of social infrastructure, transport, communications and information, education, " - said the head of the government of the Russian Federation, and now the president of Russia, V.V. Putin.

The All-Russian Society of the Blind actively participated in the formation of this program. In his speech at the XXI Congress of the EOC, President A.Ya. Neumyvakin said “We actively cooperated in the development of the state program “Accessible Environment for 2011-2015”. We developed specific proposals: to include measures to support public organizations of the disabled and their enterprises, to expand the list of tiflo means, to provide the disabled with vouchers.” Currently, VOS is actively involved in the implementation of the above-mentioned state program.

The local organization (MO) VOS is the basis of the Society and a structural subdivision (branch) of the regional organization (RO) VOS, which directly works to protect the rights and interests of the visually impaired, assist them in social support, rehabilitation, and equal opportunities. Every day, thousands of visually impaired people apply to the Ministry of Health of the VOS. Therefore, the creation of accessibility conditions in the local organization and on the routes to it is one of the main tasks of its chairman.

Basic terms and concepts of accessibility

Accessible environment is a living environment for people, equipped to meet the needs of people with disabilities, and allowing them to lead an independent lifestyle.

Unhindered access for disabled people to facilities - this kind of access to any objects of social infrastructure, when a disabled person is able to independently or with minimal outside help move to the necessary object, enter inside and move freely inside it. At the same time, a disabled person should be able to use these objects and separate rooms inside them in accordance with their functional purpose. The possibility of using an object and its parts by a disabled person should not differ from the possibility of using this object by people who do not have a disability.

Unimpeded use of disabled facilities - this is such use of social infrastructure facilities, in which the disabled person, independently or with minimal outside help, can use these facilities and individual premises within them in accordance with their functional purpose. The possibility of using an object and its parts by a disabled person should not differ from the possibility of using this object by people who do not have a disability.

Availability of the exercise of the right/obligation/guarantee- this is an opportunity for disabled people to exercise their rights, fulfill their duties and receive guarantees in accordance with the laws of the Russian Federation and international legal norms, on an equal basis with citizens who do not have disabilities.

Adaptation of facilities for use by persons with disabilities- this is such a change in the entire territory of the object (reconstruction, re-equipment, retrofitting, etc.), as a result of which disabled people get the opportunity to use this object on an equal basis with citizens who do not have disabilities, in accordance with the functional purpose of this object and its individual premises.

Objects accessible to the disabled,- these are any objects of social infrastructure (residential, public and industrial buildings, buildings and structures, sports facilities, places of recreation, cultural and entertainment and other institutions, vehicles), equipped in such a way that access to them and moving inside a disabled person can be carried out either on their own or with minimal outside help.

Devices and facilities accessible to persons with disabilities - these are devices and means of household communication and other purposes, equipped and equipped in such a way that disabled people can use them independently or with minimal outside help.

Barrier-free environment - this is a set of social infrastructure facilities equipped in such a way that people with disabilities can move freely, access any facilities and move within them independently or with minimal outside help.

The comprehensive accessibility of the environment for the disabled at the present stage is the implementation of the principle of integration (inclusion) of the disabled in the life of society. The life environment of any person includes at least two components. It's physical, basically spatial environment man as a biological being and social environment as beings of the public.

Recently, it has been customary to single out information environment, which includes all information sources. It is often difficult to draw a clear line between the social and information environments, since the latter largely serves and fills the former with content.

Accessibility of the social environment implies the presence of a variety of contacts, participation in public life, access to entertainment, the ability to travel, etc. In some cases, the availability of the social environment is ensured by the availability of the information environment: the media, libraries, modern information technologies (telephony, Internet, Skype, e-mail etc.).

Accessibility of the spatial environment for the visually impaired can conditionally be divided into 2 components:

Accessibility of the micro-environment (space of an apartment, house, territory adjacent to the house, etc.);

Accessibility of the macro environment (urban infrastructure, etc.).

In the first case, it is the task of the visually impaired and his family members to form the conditions of accessibility, while it is possible to receive advice from the chairman or rehabilitated members of the MO VOC.

In the second case, the formation of accessibility conditions requires the joint efforts of state executive authorities and the All-Russian Society of the Blind. It is very important that the representatives of the MO VOS be included in the Interdepartmental commissions currently being created to survey the accessibility of socially significant facilities for the disabled or other bodies to control the formation of an accessible environment.

In accordance with the basic principles of accessibility education should be available for the visually impaired. Obtaining a secondary education is guaranteed by the state to disabled children. At present, conditions have been created for obtaining higher professional education in various specialties. The role of the chairman of the MO VOC is to provide all possible assistance in choosing one or another educational institution. Studying the possibilities of admission of the visually impaired to the universities located in the region and close contact with them will expand the opportunities for the visually impaired - members of the MO VOS in matters of obtaining higher education. In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, every citizen, including a disabled person, is guaranteed the right to work. The role of the chair of the MO EOC in facilitating the employment of members of the MO EOC is to interact with local employment services to obtain information about available vacancies and opportunities for career guidance services, vocational education and advanced training. The chairman of the MoE of the WOC should work actively with the local self-government bodies. Social partnership should become one of the activities of the MO VOS.

When creating accessibility, one of the main tasks of the MO VOS is to create conditions for expanding social contacts for visually impaired people. To solve this problem, the chairman of the MO EOC should plan and carry out activities that contribute to their communication and rallying:

Interest circles;

Meetings in an informal setting with visually impaired people who have an active life position and experience of successful self-realization, etc.

In order to form a tolerant attitude towards visually impaired people, people without visual pathology, including family members of visually impaired people, should be involved in these events, to establish contacts with other local organizations and public organizations of people with disabilities of other nosologies in order to conduct joint events.

It is necessary to form accessibility of receiving and transmitting information to the visually impaired. For nearly a century and a half since the invention of braille braille, information prepared in this way has been the only source for the blind. Since the middle of the 20th century, modern means have begun to appear that allow recording and reproducing information. However, the Braille system has not lost its main purpose. Only with the help of this a person with visual pathology can learn literacy. The task of the local organization is to promote the Braille system and assist in its development. It is desirable that there be a permanent Braille training circle. Braille reading creates one of the main conditions for the visually impaired to receive information, including with the help of modern information technologies (braille display, etc.). Access to information is provided with the help of audio media. In specialized libraries for the blind, a significant part of the funds consists of audio books in the form of tape (analog) or digital recordings (usually in mp 3 format). To listen to them, special tiflo and ordinary mp 3 players are used. Local VOS organizations should work closely with libraries, invite employees of these institutions to their events to provide information to visually impaired people about the services provided. Until now, the media (print, television, etc.) have been inaccessible to people with visual impairments. The use of modern information technologies has made it possible to partially break down these barriers: most printed publications publish their main materials on the Internet. With the help of special software, blind users independently receive this information. It is recommended that the WOS MO provide access to the Internet for members of its organization. The creation of a special computer workplace in the MO VOS is possible with the financial support of the employment service, and free connection to the network is possible by contacting a provider in the region.

fig.1 fig. 2

rice. 3 fig. four

Basic requirements and practical recommendations for ensuring the accessibility of the MO VOS for the visually impaired

building entrance where the local WSI organization is located should be equipped with elements of information about the facility that are accessible to the disabled. The entrance platform at the entrance must have: a canopy, a drainage system, and, depending on local climatic conditions, heating. Ideal in all respects, the entrance to the building is the entrance on the same level with the sidewalk without stairs and ramps. The surfaces of the coatings of the entrance platforms and vestibules must be hard, not allowing slipping when wet. Drainage and water collection grates installed in the floor of vestibules or entrance platforms must be installed flush with the floor surface. The width of the openings of their cells should not exceed 0.015 m. It is preferable to use gratings with diamond-shaped or square cells.

According to technical requirements National standard of the Russian Federation for tactile ground indicators for the visually impaired (GOST R52875-2007), tactile road warning signs (slabs) with a cone-shaped corrugation shape with a length equal to the width of the entrance (door) at a distance of 500 mm from it are installed in front of the entrance doors. For these purposes, it is recommended to use concrete paving slabs with dimensions of 300 x 300 mm or 500 x 500 mm, made in accordance with GOST 17608-91.

To indicate the exit from the building, it is recommended to install tactile floor warning signs (ceramic plates, dielectric carpets) with a width of 500 mm and a length equal to the width of the door, laid out at a distance of 1500 mm from the door, with a cone-shaped corrugation.

If a main carpet path is used as a tactile floor guide before leaving the building, in this case, to indicate the exit under the main path, a 200 mm wide carpet strip is additionally laid across it, acting as a tactile floor warning indicator.

The depth of the space for maneuvering in front of the door when opening “away from you” must be at least 1.2 m, and when opening “towards you” - at least 1.5 m. , and in residential buildings - at least 1.5 m with a width of at least 2.2 m. Such a depth is necessary not only for maneuvering the visually impaired, but also convenient for people moving in wheelchairs.

The routes of movement inside the MO VOS must comply with the regulatory requirements for the ways of evacuation of people from the premises. The recommended width of the path of movement (in corridors, rooms, galleries, etc.) in cleanliness should be at least:

In one direction - 1.5 m,

With oncoming traffic - 1.8 m.

The width of the passage in the room with equipment and furniture should be at least 1.2 m. The width of the corridor or passage to another building should be at least 2.0 m. Note that the sufficient width of the passages is important for blind people who use a cane for orientation.

Structural elements inside buildings and devices placed in the dimensions of the movement paths on walls and other vertical surfaces should have rounded edges, and should not protrude more than 0.1 m at a height of 0.7 to 2.0 m from the floor level so that people with severe visual impairments do not get injured.

Floor sections on traffic routes at a distance of 0.6 m (on the street - 0.8) in front of doorways and entrances to stairs and ramps, as well as before turning communication routes, must have a warning corrugated and / or contrast-colored surface (Fig. 47 and 48 , tactile floor indicators), it is allowed to provide light beacons.

In rooms accessible to the visually impaired, it is not allowed to use pile carpets with a coating thickness (taking into account the height of the pile) - more than 0.013 m. Carpets on traffic routes must be tightly fixed, especially at the joints of the canvases and along the border of dissimilar coatings. Such coatings, by the way, can serve as a tactile guide for the blind and visually impaired.

It is desirable to equip the entrance to the premises of the MO VOS with a sound beacon, which will serve as a sound guide for blind people (Fig. 1, position 1). For these purposes, radio broadcasting can be used, while the sounding range of the beacon is approximately from 5 to 10 m.

Doors to the building and rooms on the paths of movement of the visually impaired, they should not have thresholds, and if necessary, their device, the height of the threshold should not exceed 0.025 m. The doorway in cleanliness is the actual width of the doorway with the door leaf open at 90 °, if the door is hinged, or the door is fully open if the door is sliding, like in an elevator.

Entrance doors to buildings and premises that can be used by disabled people must have a width of at least 0.9 m.

The panels of external doors accessible to the disabled should include viewing panels filled with transparent and impact-resistant material, the lower part of which should be located within 0.3-0.9 m from the floor level. The lower part of the door panels to a height of at least 0.3 m from the floor level must be protected by a shockproof strip.

Transparent doors and railings should be made of impact-resistant material. On transparent door leafs, a bright contrasting marking should be provided, located at a level not lower than 1.2 m and not higher than 1.5 m from the surface of the pedestrian path, a rectangle (10x20 cm) or a circle (diameter 15 cm) of yellow color (Fig. 1, position 2).

It is not allowed to use revolving doors and turnstiles on the movement paths of the visually impaired. It is recommended to use doors on single-acting hinges with locks in the "Open" and "Closed" positions, as well as doors that provide a delay of automatic closing of the doors for at least 5 seconds.

Door handles, locks, latches and other devices for opening and closing doors must be of a form that allows the visually impaired to use them independently and does not require the use of too much force or significant rotation of the hand at the wrist. Door handles located in the corner of a corridor or room should be placed at a distance of at least 0.6 m from the side wall.

Stairs- a very important object for people with disabilities of various nosologies. The staircase includes steps and handrails. The steps are inseparable from the handrails. As already noted, the most convenient option for everyone is the absence of stairs. The gentle slope of footpaths or sidewalks up to 5% does not cause any special problems for the movement of all categories of the population. In places where the level difference exceeds 4 cm, between horizontal sections of pedestrian paths or floors in buildings and structures, ramps and stairs (SNiP 35-01) should be provided, the width of the flight of stairs should be at least 1.35 m.

steps stairs on the paths of movement of the disabled must be deaf, even, without protrusions and with a rough surface. The edge of the step should be rounded with a radius of no more than 5 cm. It is not recommended to use open steps for the movement of the visually impaired, in which there are only horizontal treads, but no vertical risers. Such steps are not deaf. Usually iron ladders are welded this way. It is inconvenient for the disabled to climb them, since the leg, not meeting the stop, “jumps” under the steps. A visually impaired person has to not just lift his leg up the step, but to make additional efforts to pull it out from under the steps step by step. In addition, because of this, the surface of the toe of the shoe is scratched and damaged. The recommended width of the treads should be: for external stairs - at least 40 cm, for internal stairs in buildings and structures - at least 30 cm. steps within the march and staircase, as well as external stairs, must be of the same geometry and dimensions in terms of the width of the tread and the height of the rise.

For the visually impaired, a contrasting color of the steps is recommended - light treads and dark risers. This requirement can be realized by selecting the facing material of the appropriate shades. At the approaches to stairs and obstacles for the visually impaired, bright and contrasting warning colors should be used, as well as ground and / or floor tactile indicators should be provided.

In accordance with GOST R52875-2007, on the first and last steps of the flight of stairs, yellow signal strips are applied with a material that forms a rough, non-slip coating (Fig. 2). At a distance of 800 mm from the edge of the first step of the stairs, it is necessary to use a tactile ground warning sign in the form of a strip with a width of 500 mm or 600 mm and a length equal to the width of the step. In this case, tactile signs (plates) with cone-shaped reefs are used, warning the visually impaired about the presence of an obstacle (steps). Taking into account the needs of the visually impaired, the number of steps in flights of stairs along the route should be the same.

Handrails - an important part of the stairs. Stair handrails must have horizontal sections on both sides that extend beyond the length of the flight of stairs at the top by at least 300 mm and at the bottom by at least 300 mm with the addition of the depth of one step of the stairs (Fig. 3). In this case, the handrails are guiding landmarks for people with vision problems. It is recommended to use round handrails with a diameter of at least 30 mm (handrails for children) and no more than 50 mm (handrails for adults) or a rectangular cross-section with a thickness of 25 to 30 mm. The shape and dimensions of the handrails should provide maximum comfort for their grip with the hand. Both the very large size of the handrails and the very small ones are inconvenient. It is better and safer to grip the hand with a rounded handrail. Recommended handrail diameter for adults is 40mm. The clear distance between the handrail and the wall should be at least 40-45 mm. Handrails must be securely, firmly fixed, not rotate or move relative to the mounting hardware. The design of the handrails must exclude the possibility of injury to people. The ends of the handrails must be either rounded or firmly attached to the floor, wall or posts, and if they are paired, they must be interconnected. The height of the covered surface of the handrail should be:

For the upper handrail - 900 mm (handrail for adults);

For the lower handrail - 700-750 mm (handrail for wheelchair users and people of small stature).

For the convenience of the visually impaired, the handrails at the break of the stairs or at the places of the turn and transition from one march to another should not be interrupted. The handrails of two adjacent flights of stairs must be continuously interconnected. Handrails are installed on both sides of the stairs. On the top or side, external in relation to the march, the surface of the railing handrails should be provided with relief designations of the floors.

If the local organization is located in a building equipped with an elevator, it is necessary to create conditions for its accessibility for the visually impaired. Information posted in the elevator must be duplicated in Braille and (or) a voice announcement of the floors.

The MO VOS room should be equipped information and signaling system about the danger in visual, sound and tactile form. Members of the MO VOS should be familiar with the evacuation routes and the rules of conduct in emergency situations.

Sanitary and hygienic premises MO VOS should be accessible to the visually impaired. Information about the availability and location of restrooms should be communicated to every member of the local organization.

There must be an accessibility sign on the toilet cubicle (Fig. 4). The door in the toilet for the disabled must open outward. The lock must provide for the possibility of opening the door from the outside in an emergency. It is advisable to equip the toilet with an emergency call button.

It is recommended that the local VOS organization conduct a survey of the premises for its accessibility for people with disabilities of various categories using the Questionnaire (Appendix 1). This questionnaire can be used to conduct a survey of any buildings and structures visited by the visually impaired in your area.

Attachment 1

April 10, 2019 , Disabled. Barrier-free environment The All-Russian Public Organization of the Disabled "All-Russian Society of the Deaf" has been appointed as the provider of sign language translation services Order dated April 9, 2019 No. 664-r. The decision was made in accordance with the instructions of Dmitry Medvedev following a meeting with representatives of all-Russian public organizations of the disabled, which took place on November 21, 2018. This will ensure the quality and accessibility of services for the disabled and provide additional support to the All-Russian Society of the Deaf.

March 22, 2019 , Trade regulation. Consumer rights Protection The government submitted to the State Duma a draft law aimed at protecting the rights of socially vulnerable categories of consumers Order dated March 21, 2019 No. 490-r. The current norms of consumer protection legislation are of a general nature and apply to all consumers of goods, works, services. In order to protect the rights of socially vulnerable categories of consumers, the draft law proposes to establish administrative liability for offenses related to the denial of access to goods, works or services to the consumer for reasons caused by disability, health status, age.

March 14, 2019 , Maternal and child health. Early Help On decisions following the meeting of the Council under the Government on issues of guardianship in the social sphere On the provision of medical care and social adaptation of children with diabetes mellitus, and the formation of the population's alertness to the symptoms of diabetes mellitus.

February 26, 2019 , Older generation On the distribution of interbudgetary transfers for the creation of a system of long-term care for the elderly and disabled Order dated February 23, 2019 No. 277-r. The federal project "Older Generation" of the national project "Demography" provides for the creation of a system of long-term care for the elderly and the disabled. Funds in the amount of 295 million rubles were distributed among 11 subjects of the Federation for the implementation of a pilot project to create a care system.

February 15, 2019 , Disabled. Barrier-free environment A meeting of the Council under the Government of the Russian Federation on issues of guardianship in the social sphere was held at the site of the Russian Investment Forum in Sochi. Its participants discussed the problems of medical support and social adaptation of children with diabetes.

February 6, 2019 , Disabled people. Barrier-free environment The President of Russia signed the Federal Law on Administrative Liability for Violation of the Procedure for Maintaining the Federal Register of Disabled Persons, developed by the Government Federal Law of February 6, 2019 No. 7-FZ. The draft federal law was submitted to the State Duma by Government Decree No. 2151-r dated October 8, 2018. The federal law establishes administrative liability of officials for violating the procedure for submitting information to the federal register of persons with disabilities and their placement in the register. Repeated commission of such an offense entails increased administrative liability.

January 3, 2019 , Older generation The conditions for the distribution of financial resources for the creation of a system of long-term care for the elderly and disabled have been determined The procedure for providing and distributing appropriate financial resources to the subjects of the Federation has been determined. The necessary funds are provided in the federal budget.

December 31, 2018 , Disabled. Barrier-free environment On the submission to the State Duma of a draft law on administrative responsibility for evasion of the requirements to ensure accessibility of facilities and services for disabled people In order to bring the Code of Administrative Offenses in line with the legislation in the field of social protection of persons with disabilities, the draft law proposes to entrust Rostransnadzor, Roskomnadzor, Rostekhnadzor, Roszdravnadzor, Rosobrnadzor with the authority to consider cases of offenses related to evasion of the requirements to ensure conditions for the access of persons with disabilities to objects and services, as well as the preparation of relevant protocols.

December 25, 2018 , Disabled. Barrier-free environment On the distribution in 2019 of subsidies for state support of all-Russian public organizations of the disabled Decree dated December 24, 2017 No. 2919-r. Subsidies in the amount of 1,536.4 million rubles are provided to three all-Russian public organizations of the disabled.

December 18, 2018 , Disabled. Barrier-free environment On increasing the accessibility of television programs for the hearing impaired Decree of December 14, 2018 No. 1562. The regulation on licensing television and radio broadcasting has been supplemented with a new licensing requirement. Broadcasters are now obliged to ensure that their TV channels are accessible to the hearing impaired in the amount of at least 5% of the broadcast volume per week (excluding TV programs, TV programs that go on the air without pre-recording).

December 5, 2018 , State and municipal services On the submission to the State Duma of a bill on simplifying the procedure for providing state and municipal services to people with disabilities Decree dated December 4, 2018 No. 2678-r. The draft law proposes to exclude from the legislation in the field of state and municipal services the provision on the need for persons with disabilities to provide the documents required to receive the service, confirming their disability, on paper. This information will be requested by the authorities and organizations providing services from the federal register of persons with disabilities as part of interagency cooperation. The purpose of the bill is to simplify and speed up the provision of public services to people with disabilities.

November 21, 2018 , Disabled. Barrier-free environment Dmitry Medvedev: “Six years ago, Russia joined the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. Changes have been made to 40 federal and 750 regional laws, which are designed to create a barrier-free environment. The state program "Accessible Environment" is in operation. More than 50% of the facilities have already been adapted to the needs of the disabled. Over the next few years, we will allocate more than 20 billion to continue this work.”

November 12, 2018 , Disabled. Barrier-free environment Participants and guests of the II International Paradelphic Games II International Paradelphic Games are held in Izhevsk from 11 to 17 November.

November 9, 2018 , Disabled people. Barrier-free environment On the improvement of legal regulation in the field of employment of persons with disabilities Decree of November 9, 2018 No. 1338. A new mandatory indicator has been established for evaluating the performance of heads of federal and municipal budgetary, autonomous and state-owned institutions: meeting the quota for hiring disabled people. This decision is aimed at promoting the employment of people with disabilities, including through the intensification of the work of heads of institutions to create or allocate jobs for the employment of people with disabilities.

November 9, 2018 , Disabled people. Barrier-free environment Tatyana Golikova held a meeting of the Council on Guardianship in the Social Sphere The meeting participants discussed the problems of education and comprehensive support for children and adults with disabilities and disabilities.

October 31, 2018 , Disabled. Barrier-free environment Employees and veterans of the Medical and Social Expertise Service On October 31, 2018, the Medical and Social Expertise Service turns 100 years old.

October 31, 2018 , Disabled. Barrier-free environment The President of Russia signed the federal law developed by the Government aimed at increasing the accessibility of television programs for the hearing impaired Federal Law of October 30, 2018 No. 380-FZ. The draft federal law was submitted to the State Duma by Government Decree No. 167-r dated February 6, 2018. The federal law supplements the list of licensing requirements for television and radio broadcasting, as defined by the Law of the Russian Federation "On the Mass Media", with a new licensing requirement for licensees - broadcasters of TV channels. The new licensing requirement provides for accessibility for the hearing impaired of media products in the amount of at least 5% of the broadcast volume per week. On the submission to the State Duma of a draft law on administrative responsibility for violating the procedure for maintaining the federal register of persons with disabilities Order dated October 8, 2018 No. 2151-r. The bill was developed in pursuance of the implementation plan of the Concept for the creation, maintenance and use of the federal state information system "Federal Register of Disabled Persons". It is proposed to establish administrative liability in the form of a fine for failure by an official to provide information to be included in the federal register of persons with disabilities, non-posting or violation of the procedure and terms for posting information, posting information not in full, as well as for placing deliberately false information in the register. Since January 1, 2018, information from the register is used, among other things, in the provision of public services, and its absence or distortion of information leads to the impossibility of providing public services in the areas of health protection, social security, education, housing and communal services, transport and communications.

For example, there are special international requirements for the creation of Internet sites, the fulfillment of which ensures the availability of information for any user, including the visually impaired.

Not only buildings and structures should be accessible, but also public transport and transport infrastructure (parking lots, bus stops, gas stations, etc.).

In addition to ensuring the physical accessibility of buildings, it is necessary to pay attention to operation. It is impossible to clutter up the entrances and approaches to the equipment (table, telephone, etc.). During wet cleaning of the floor in a public area, a warning sign “Caution, slippery floor” should be put up, the janitor should clean the ramp from snow in a timely manner, etc.

This article is devoted to the issues of architectural accessibility of the environment.

An accessible (barrier-free) architectural environment is an environment in which they can freely, that is, without outside help, enter, enter and which can be used by all MGNs (including disabled people with various forms of disabilities, regardless of the severity of the disease and the degree of restrictions) .

The term "accessibility" means the ability to freely use all available services for people with disabilities, that is, the absence of discrimination. A sports facility should be oriented to the needs of both disabled spectators and disabled athletes training in the sports complex. In cultural and entertainment institutions, it is necessary to provide free access for disabled people not only to the auditorium, but also to the stage (photo 1.2).

Protecting the rights to accessibility is actually a struggle for the civil rights of people. The inaccessibility of a building (lack of a ramp, railing, toilet for the disabled, elevator, lowered curb, etc.) is not just a lack of free access, but a denial of equal access to education, work for a person with a disability, the absence of conditions for a full life. Only equal opportunities create equal rights.

Accessibility (barrier-free) of the environment is determined by the level of its possible use by the corresponding population group.

A building may not be wheelchair accessible, but at the same time 100 percent deaf-friendly.

Creating an accessible environment for different categories of people with disabilities involves the active participation of the people with disabilities themselves with various types of physical and sensory disabilities at all stages of this process: in the development of technical specifications, design, construction, commissioning of the facility and subsequent operation. Only they themselves know their capabilities and can talk about their needs, evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed solutions.

Architects, building owners in the United States and other countries in the early years of the formation of an accessible environment turned to various public organizations for the disabled for advice. Communication was spontaneous, these services were not paid. Representatives of disabled people's organizations could also influence the formation of an accessible environment through participation in the created working groups, councils, and accessibility committees.

However, over time, the understanding came that only trained and trained people with disabilities (visually impaired, wheelchair users, etc.) who have special knowledge and extensive life experience in overcoming difficulties can work as consultants. Such people abroad are called user-experts (User/Expert). Today they are involved in work not as amateurs, but as specialists in their field, aware of the responsibility for the decisions they make. In the US, they are paid because their professionalism and expert opinion allow them to make informed decisions and avoid costly mistakes, especially in the early stages of design.

Improving the quality of an accessible architectural environment for the needs of certain categories of disabled people and other people with limited mobility should not infringe on the rights and opportunities of other citizens; limit the living conditions of those who do not need it.

Why planners think the new accessibility design norms are out of the blue

Recently, a colleague whose child has problems with the musculoskeletal system shared: “Imagine taking a child to a specialized school. The school is wonderful, everything is provided for: ramps, a spacious elevator, and a comfortable sanitary room on the ground floor - but literally one unpleasant fact crosses out everything else ... "

It turns out that in a specialized school for "oporniks" there is no ... parking. And any piece of land more or less suitable for this function is equipped with a sign: "Parking is prohibited." Poor parents have to drag a sick child almost on their own through two crossroads and a long yard.

“This is how everything is done with us,” a colleague fumed. - There is no system! Buildings somehow still learned to adapt to the needs of low-mobility groups. But the urban environment is still seriously sagging.”

Updated JV "hangs" at the signing stage

The problems of the "barrier-free city" were hotly discussed at the recent conference "Designing a comfortable, safe and accessible environment. Topical issues of rationing”. This event was organized for builders and designers. Therefore, most of the questions were addressed to the author of the new version of the Code of Rules (SP 59.13330 "Accessibility of buildings and structures for people with limited mobility"), director of scientific work of the JSC "Institute of Public Buildings" Anatoly Garnets.

The updated joint venture "hung" somewhere at the signing stage with the minister. Meanwhile, experts dealing with the problems of the disabled believe, and not without reason, that many of the norms of the new joint venture, as they say, are taken from the ceiling, not supported by basic domestic research. In addition, they do not take into account a number of modern realities in which a person with certain mobility restrictions has to exist.

Why, for example, in the new joint venture, the height of the thresholds should correspond exactly to 1.4 cm, and not 2 cm, as before? And the slope of the ramp is one in twelve, not one in twenty? Why are double-leaf doors now allowed for groups with limited mobility, where one of the wings must be 90 cm? What is the reason for this? Who conducted such research? - reflects the vice-president of the NBF "City without barriers" Sergey Chisty.

Indeed, if such calculations exist abroad, then in Russian conditions no measurements have been made in relation to our realities. The apotheosis of the discussion around the new joint venture was the question asked by a practical designer from the audience: “So how wide, in your opinion, should be the evacuation routes for low-mobility groups, for example, in a shopping and entertainment complex?”. The answer of the creator of the normative document not only surprised many, but stunned: “What do you think?”.

Improvement should be linked to accessibility

So what is an affordable building in the modern sense? It turns out that even if you "shove" the entire 59th joint venture into it, it may not become one. The so-called "signal set" of availability is important. This set, by the way, includes such a concept as the connectivity of urban objects and the environment as a whole. That is, how convenient and comfortable it is for a person with disabilities to move around the city.

Abroad, they learned to solve this problem in dozens of ways. There, for example, there is a special program for the adaptation of historical and cultural monuments "for visiting" by disabled people. Special entrance groups are attached - if it is impossible to do this without violating the appearance of the building, ramps or lifts are designed on the minus first floor. Temporary structures are used: raised floors and false stairs for wheelchair users, an acoustic navigation system is being equipped. There are special tactile tracks for the visually impaired. Moreover, all these "conveniences" begin already from the street.

We first get carried away with the adaptation of the building, and then we think how to approach it for a disabled person, - Sergei Chisty shares his opinion.

By the way, a competent approach to creating an accessible environment, dictated by world experience, is the mandatory adaptation of adjacent territories and public transport routes for a person with limited mobility.

In many large cities of the world, special accessibility maps are being drawn up, where areas of a barrier-free environment are marked, - says the head of projects in the real estate market direction of the Institute for Urban Economics Foundation Maria Safarova. - Our town-planning legislation, alas, does not yet say anything about common areas.

True, according to Maria Safarova, legislators still intend to correct the situation. A draft law has been developed to increase the accessibility of public spaces. One of his main postulates: any new improvement in the city should take place in parallel with the provision of an accessible environment for people with disabilities.

Be that as it may, Russia, as is known, recently ratified the Convention on the Protection of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, which, along with everything else, declares the inadmissibility of discrimination on the basis of disability. So, whether you like it or not, now you need to meet the world standards for the accessibility of the urban environment for people with disabilities. Although so far we are not very good at this, to put it mildly.

Elena MATSEIKO

Photo: fotki.yandex.ru, nnm.me, neinvalid.ru

BY THE WAY

A barrier-free environment is an environment in which a complex of architectural, planning, engineering, economic, and organizational measures has been implemented to provide comfortable conditions for people with limited mobility. The relevance of the problems of accessibility of the environment in the modern metropolis is growing. According to the most conservative estimates, in the Russian Federation today over 25% of the population belongs to this group.

In recent years, a system of measures aimed at creating a barrier-free environment has begun to take shape in Russia. Today, there are 16 regulatory and technical documents in the field of accessibility of the environment for people with limited mobility. SP 59.13330 is considered the basic regulatory and technical document. The requirements of this document must be taken into account when designing, reconstructing and overhauling buildings and structures.

Order

SURVEY OF OBJECTS - To what extent are the buildings, territory, paths, workplaces of your enterprise accessible for visiting and using by disabled people? If you wish to approach such an important issue with all responsibility, we are ready for cooperation. In the context of the "Accessible Environment" program, we offer you the service "Inspection of objects". We will determine the actual level of accessibility of specific facilities for people with disabilities; and you will have all the current information necessary to create the most comfortable conditions for the disabled.
First, all possible routes within the site (and adjacent areas, if necessary) will be surveyed. The survey begins from public transport stops, parking lots, curbs, sidewalks, elevated and underground passages. All obstacles will be explored.
Secondly, a survey of the entrance and approach routes to the facility will be carried out, and all the possibilities for creating a barrier-free environment for the disabled will be analyzed. What additional equipment will you need, what structures are missing, how convenient are the existing facilities for the disabled and how do they comply with GOST? Stairs, thresholds, ramps, elevators, doors (or other entry devices), special signal "intercoms" ...
Particular attention is paid to ramps and thresholds. This is explained by the fact that the angle of the ramp and the height of the threshold must comply with all digital-for-digit standards, which is correct in our opinion, otherwise it is impossible to design a barrier-free environment. Here you have to be guided by the principle "measure seven times ..."
Third, the interior. Examined in accordance with the purpose of the object. Whether it is a hospital or a theater, we work with each task individually, guided by the requirements for this type of institution. After checking according to all criteria, a conclusion will be made about the availability of the facility for all people with limited mobility.
So, we offer a professional service, diagnostics if you like, the purpose of which will be a detailed analysis of your facility (and / or territory) in order to identify its accessibility for all people with limited mobility: people who have difficulty moving independently, the elderly, the disabled, pregnant women , people with children under three years of age and other citizens who have difficulty moving or orienting in space.
The mission of this service is to contribute to the creation of an "Accessible Environment" wherever it is needed. We understand that the geography of such a need in our country is almost endless. However, we believe in positive change and are ready to work with you in this direction.

order

"BARRIER-FREE" PASSPORTIZATION
Here is another step towards achieving an "Accessible Environment" for the disabled - the certification of social facilities in accordance with all the standards of their accessibility for all citizens with limited mobility. If you move to this level - congratulations (!): A lot of work has been done, there is not much left.
We provide certification services for social infrastructure facilities that claim to be completely "barrier-free" for the disabled. For the procedure, you must have completed:
Passport of accessibility of each specific object
General characteristics and any additional information about the activities of the organization at the facility. In other words - a questionnaire with information about the object
Inspection certificates for each building separately (attached to the facility accessibility certificate)
Annex No. 1 to the survey passport (also for each building), OSI schemes with designated surveyed areas.
Photographs of each building in the facility. Signed - with brief information about the depicted building.
Based on these documents, we will conduct an in-depth survey to determine the accessibility of the social infrastructure facility for all categories of people with limited mobility. The following will be examined: the territory adjacent to the building, the entrances to the building, the ways of movement inside the building, special (purpose) areas, informatization of the object, sanitary and hygienic premises.
After all the procedures, they are filled in in detail: an act of inspection of the social infrastructure facility and, of course, an accessibility passport. These documents will contain the following data: general information about the facility and activities on it based on official documents, the state of accessibility of buildings and territory, possible recommendations for improving or adapting the facility in order to improve accessibility conditions for people with disabilities.
SOMETHING ELSE
Achieving real conditions of a barrier-free environment for people with disabilities is not so easy, but possible. We strive to create these conditions with a lot of inspiration and creativity. Our job is to survey objects; expert opinion; registration of the necessary documentation (passportization) ... And that's not all. We are ready to provide you with a complete "package" of services. In addition to those listed, you can order the design or adaptation of buildings, territories and transport infrastructure to create a real barrier-free environment for the disabled.
We look forward to fruitful cooperation and aim to achieve high results. Quality and care are top priority.

order

WE DESIGN WITH PASSION
It looks like your plans are really grandiose. You want to build a building or structure that will be of public value. The idea chosen is noble, and in order to get the appropriate result, when putting the idea into practice, you will have to pay attention to all the little things, all the nuances.
So, there is an idea. We will be happy to contribute to its materialization. In the so-called initial stages of the realization of an idea, precise design is necessary, which is not just a mathematically correct work, but also the application of all creative efforts. Our designers not only perform high-quality calculations, they have a sense and understanding of style, they are ready to generate and offer you unique solutions.
We understand that the architectural appearance of a future socially significant building must both harmoniously fit into the urban “fashion” and be unique in its own way. We are ready to work in various areas: sports facilities, medical institutions, cultural centers, cinemas… Offer! We work individually. Each project has its own purpose, which we undertake to study before work. Zonal, functional and aesthetic purposes of buildings and territories will be taken into account and systematized by us. In order to "get to the point" when designing.
One of our leading interests is the creation of an “Accessible Environment” for the disabled in the city. Socially significant objects and territories are often unsuitable for people with limited mobility. We are working towards the maximum improvement of the situation, and are ready to provide a number of services: inspection, adaptation, certification of objects, adaptation of transport, as well as the design of objects of social significance. Design is a time-consuming, rigorous process. We know that a responsible approach to work pays off. And we are ready for all the difficulties so that the new object meets, first of all, the following criteria: beauty, safety, accessibility.
Qualified creative employees and modern software make a good team, don't they? We are interested in designing modern stylish objects, and it is important for us that the future building complies with all existing safety standards and is accessible to all citizens with disabilities.
We emphasize the importance of creating an "Accessible Environment" for the disabled, as this is an urgent issue in modern Russia, and in general, an important milestone for all mankind. Serious attitude to the problem of "inaccessibility" and participation in the creation of a barrier-free environment for the disabled, in our opinion, is correct.
Online store "HEALTH 24": "Accessible environment" for the disabled is an important area of our activity. We design socially significant facilities that will be available for visiting and using by any category of people with limited mobility. Original design, comfort, safety and your ideas - we will take into account everything.

order

Adaptation of buildings and territories for the disabled
All public infrastructure facilities must be accessible to all categories of citizens, including people with disabilities. International law, Russian legislation, and our universal morality call for this. Now Russia is focused on creating accessible infrastructure. Moreover, we must not only create something new, but also reconstruct and adapt what we already have. Thus, already built facilities that are inaccessible for disabled people for one reason or another can be “upgraded” to the maximum barrier-free.
Adaptation of social infrastructure facilities for the disabled is one of the priority areas in the Accessible Environment state program. We are ready to provide a full range of services for adaptation specifically for your facility. We also note that we provide related necessary services: inspection of facilities to establish their accessibility for all categories of people with limited mobility and passportization. In addition, our range of services under the Accessible Environment program includes: designing facilities and adapting transport and transport infrastructure.
So, the goal of adapting socially important facilities is to create a barrier-free environment for people with disabilities - unhindered access to buildings and territories for all categories of people with limited mobility. What objects are we ready to work with? Yes, with almost anyone!
We “take on” objects of completely different purposes: cinemas, public authorities, hospitals, schools, cultural centers, shops, markets, banks, beauty salons ... That is, all those objects that are intended for general use are 100% included in the program "Accessible Environment"
Object adaptation zones can be divided into the following:
Adjacent territory, routes, access roads.
Public transport stops, parking spaces.
Underground, elevated and ground crossings.
Access to the building: entrances, exits, evacuation.
Ramps, elevators and other means of lifting.
Corridors, halls, sanitary and hygienic zones.
Specialized premises, service places
And others…
For example, we offer you the following scheme of action: a qualified survey of the object (territory and buildings); professional opinion on the accessibility of the facility for all categories of people with limited mobility; and, in fact, adaptation based on this conclusion. However, this scheme is simply one of the most popular, so adjustments are possible.
Online store "Health 24" offers you favorable conditions and professional cooperation. We are aimed at promoting the ideas of "Accessible Environment" for the disabled and achieving "barrier-free" infrastructure of our city, our country. Therefore, we work only with proven equipment that will be simple and convenient for citizens with disabilities.

order

ADAPTATION OF TRANSPORT FOR THE DISABLED
The formation of an "Accessible Environment" for people with limited mobility is impossible without the improvement of public transport. Technology should be easy to use for the entire population, without exception - we are reminded of this not only by inner humanity, but also by the law.
Not all public transport is equipped with equipment that would provide such complete accessibility. Therefore, we are ready to participate in correcting this problematic situation together with you.
Transport infrastructure and technology - almost everything can be adapted, and thus create an urban barrier-free environment for the disabled. For example, any public transport certainly needs the following devices:
Special automatic door opening mechanism.
Illuminated boards and running lines.
Induction systems and loops…
In our online store "Health 24" you can choose and purchase high-quality equipment that will suit the current "situation" and correct it.
The adaptation of transport infrastructure is almost always a unique matter. Unique in the sense that the existing infrastructure is very different, and it also has to be adapted with the help of different equipment, resorting to new solutions that should not contradict all standards of convenience. For example, ramps for sidewalks are very diverse, and for each type of sidewalk you will find “your” ramp on our website. The same goes for transport equipment, just take a look at our range.
It should be noted that not only trams, trolleybuses, metro and shuttle buses are able to form an accessible transport environment. What about social taxi? After all, the idea is good and, it seems, very much in demand - in our opinion, it is worthy of wide development.
UNEDUCATION OR UNSUITABILITY?
Many have seen or heard about such situations: the bus driver, seeing in the mirror an approaching wheelchair user, closes the doors and abruptly “touches” from the stop. What does it say? Bad manners, laziness, unsuitability of transport for the disabled? Maybe all at once? In a healthy society, such situations should not be, agree. And we are interested in correcting such mistakes by adapting public transport for people with disabilities.
Creating an accessible transport environment is, of course, also cultivating a certain psychology of understanding in society. This is a difficult task, of course. The mentality of our country, it seems, is not very accustomed to public mutual respect and tact, to such a more European manner of attitude. What to do? Yes, we can't retrain the bus driver, we can't instill sensitivity to others in everyone. But we can help you adapt public transport for all categories of people with limited mobility. For us, this is a serious task, the fulfillment of which is of great social significance.
AS WELL AS…
We hasten to remind you that in the context of the "Accessible Environment" program, our online store site offers you to get acquainted with the range of goods for all categories of people with disabilities. Here you will find: induction systems for the hearing impaired, video magnifiers for the visually impaired, a stair lift for the disabled, a portable “pearl” reader, an intercom for the hearing impaired, anti-slip coatings on the steps, an Hervu visor, a lift ptu-001 ... and much, much more other.

Yu.P. Shestopalov

Senior Lecturer, Moscow State Academy of Arts and Sciences

Barrier-free environment for people with limited mobility as an object of social design

Abstract: The problem of ensuring unhindered access

disabled people to social infrastructure facilities is an urgent task in the design and construction of various social facilities. Social design of a barrier-free environment makes it possible to prepare proposals for improving the design documentation of social facilities.

Key words: Barrier-free environment, people with limited mobility, social design, people with limited mobility.

One aspect of everyday life to which people with disabilities have exactly the same right as others is the environmental and housing standards that are normal for a given society. Social exclusion on the basis of atypicality or disability is a topic that has been discussed in Russian sociology since 1990. The interaction between a person and his environment, in the house where he lives, or on the street where he goes out, depends both on his capabilities and on the factors of this environment.

Urban social space today is a place where social inequality based on disability is clearly visible. According to M. Castells, social space is not a reflection, a photocopy of society, “it is society”, but, according to Simmel, space is social because it is mastered by man.

The availability of social space, the possibility of using urban infrastructure by disabled people, the aesthetics of rehabilitation devices (wheelchairs, crutches, prostheses) are the conditions for ensuring the independence and independence of disabled people. The city, described as the natural abode of a civilized person in the works of R. Park, opens up a new perspective for the analysis of social exclusion and rejection of the disabled within the framework of the formed social order. The city can become a factor in the accumulation of unfavorable social circumstances, a mechanism for “deepening derivation”, and the features of zoning and marking urban space sometimes look like

a colorful illustration of the stratification model inherent in this society.

The study of the accessibility of the urban environment for the disabled is of particular interest due to the evolution of Russian cities, which to a large extent diverges from the laws of urban development in Europe and America. The entire Soviet period of urban space design neglected the issues of accessibility of the city for the disabled and the quality of their life in everyday reality. In urban policy, the idea of servicing enterprises, the economy, and defense was cultivated, and the practice of “humanizing” the environment, which would emphasize its significance for the disabled, was not popular.

Today, a broad interpretation of the accessibility of the urban environment implies the equal participation of people with disabilities in the complex of social worlds, in all spheres of society. In a narrow sense, the term "accessible environment" is used as a synonym for the concept of "universal design" Few people think about the fact that usually the things that surround us are created for the average user and become inaccessible to those who deviate from the average norm (for example, a child does not reach to an electric switch, hanger hook or kitchen unit shelf, and it is difficult for a person in a wheelchair to turn on the light in the room on their own due to the fact that the switch is behind the door, and you must first close it, then reach for it and turn on the light).

The principle of universal design encourages the creation of objects, buildings and structures that can be used by the vast majority of people without the need to refine or improve the objects of use. When builders and engineers use the principles of universal design, they are primarily producing a product for a potential user with a range of characteristics. Disability is just one of them, but an environment designed for people with disabilities benefits other users as well. For example, wide sidewalk ramps designed for wheelchair users are used successfully by parents with prams, people carrying goods or cyclists. Another example of a universal design element is the use of informational videos in noisy airport or restaurant halls, which makes information more accessible not only to people with hearing impairments, but also to other users.

The inaccessible urban space dictates to the citizens a passive, or vice versa, an aggressive lifestyle associated with a constant attitude to overcome obstacles, which cannot but leave an imprint on the nature of social transactions and norms of behavior in society.

R. Park's position is fair that "the city and the conditions of life that it dictates greatly contribute to the secularization of all aspects of social life." environmental barriers that make them difficult to move and inconvenience caused by the lack or poor quality of rehabilitation facilities. However, the perception of the task of creating a barrier-free space as technical and technological would be erroneous.

Today, the demarcation line between the disabled and the non-disabled is tangible in Russian society. The results of sociological surveys indicate that many people without disabilities believe that their living conditions are significantly different from the conditions in which people with disabilities live. The Russian population is divided into parts, reflecting on the assertion that people with disabilities look and behave differently and therefore do not fit into society. 26% agree or completely agree that people with disabilities do not fit into society, slightly more than those who completely disagree with such a statement (27.8%); some citizens do not know the answer to this question, and the last group is those who did not find a clear answer (they both agree and disagree 26.5%).

The results of the surveys show that our society does not have harsh extremist attitudes towards the disabled, while at the same time two opposing positions equally dominate regarding the solution of the problems of the disabled. There is an equal number of those who place the responsibility for the implementation of the civil rights of disabled people on the whole society, and those who believe that if equal opportunities are needed for disabled people, they should be responsible for their provision and implementation. Consequently, the task of technological transformation of urban space into barrier-free and accessible, in isolation from the values of equal citizenship, is not capable of solving the problems of social exclusion and discrimination in society.

Attempts to integrate disabled people into society exclusively by technological means have failed, as evidenced by the still low efficiency in the implementation of accessibility standards prescribed in Russian urban planning documents and subject to execution.

The history of the formation of a barrier-free environment shows that success requires at least two things: to wake up society and form attitudes to understand the problems of disability (in the United States, activists from among the disabled and their families were engaged in this) and a clear implementation of the accessibility requirements indicated by regulatory documents (successful experience of Western countries shows that this

is achieved by including mechanisms to ensure interest and encouragement, control and formation of social responsibility among citizens).

A disability-accessible living environment is a normal environment that has been adapted to meet the needs arising from disability and allows people with disabilities to lead an independent life.

Russian cities have only recently begun to realize the need to adapt infrastructure for people with disabilities. Despite the existence of a number of interesting projects and regulatory and methodological documentation for the design of buildings accessible to the disabled, the solution of environmental adaptation problems is often random, depending on the level of competence of the specialist who undertook the development of the project, and there are still no statistics on disability by the criterion of mobility. in public services, or in public organizations of the disabled.

At the same time, activities to create a barrier-free urban environment become effective if supplemented by studying the possibilities of mobility of people with disabilities and the nature of their housing and space needs. To a large extent, it is the environment that determines the impact of a defect or disability on a person's daily life. In other words, a person is incomplete if he is excluded from the spheres of social goods and institutions (family life, education, employment, movement, participation in social and political processes).

To study the situation with the availability of urban space for people with limited mobility in the summer of 2009. a study was conducted where we asked our informants with limited mobility questions about the barriers to independent living.

LITERATURE

1. Castells M. Information Age. Economy, society and culture.- M.: 2000.- 385p.

2. Park R. City as a social laboratory. Modern Western sociology / Ed.-comp. G.N. Sokolova, L.G. Titareiko.- Minsk: Tesey, 2008.- P.29.

3. Romanov P., Yarskaya-Smirnova E., Whitefield S, Kelly S. Sociological research on the problems of disability and rehabilitation of people with disabilities in the Russian Federation. - Moscow, 2009.

November 12, 2018 , Disabled. Barrier-free environment Participants and guests of the II International Paradelphic Games II International Paradelphic Games are held in Izhevsk from 11 to 17 November.

On the improvement of legal regulation in the field of employment of persons with disabilities Decree of November 9, 2018 No. 1338. A new mandatory indicator has been established for evaluating the performance of heads of federal and municipal budgetary, autonomous and state-owned institutions: meeting the quota for hiring disabled people. This decision is aimed at promoting the employment of people with disabilities, including through the intensification of the work of heads of institutions to create or allocate jobs for the employment of people with disabilities.

Employees and veterans of the Medical and Social Expertise Service On October 31, 2018, the Medical and Social Expertise Service turns 100 years old.

October 24, 2018 , Disabled. Barrier-free environment On approval of the list of specialized food products for children with disabilities for 2019 Order dated October 22, 2018 No. 2273-r. The list includes 75 specialized products for dietary therapeutic nutrition of disabled children with orphan diseases. In 2016, such a list included 54 products, in 2017 - 69 products, in 2018 - 71 products.

October 10, 2018 , Disabled. Barrier-free environment On the submission to the State Duma of a draft law on administrative responsibility for violating the procedure for maintaining the federal register of persons with disabilities Order dated October 8, 2018 No. 2151-r. The bill was developed in pursuance of the implementation plan of the Concept for the creation, maintenance and use of the federal state information system "Federal Register of Disabled Persons". It is proposed to establish administrative liability in the form of a fine for failure by an official to provide information to be included in the federal register of persons with disabilities, non-posting or violation of the procedure and terms for posting information, posting information not in full, as well as for placing deliberately false information in the register. Since January 1, 2018, information from the register is used, among other things, in the provision of public services, and its absence or distortion of information leads to the impossibility of providing public services in the areas of health protection, social security, education, housing and communal services, transport and communications.

August 17, 2018 marks the 30th anniversary of the formation of the All-Russian Society of the Disabled. 1

Among the 146 million population of the Russian Federation, 9% of citizens have a disability, many have been diagnosed with it since childhood. This poses complex tasks for the state and society to adapt these people to modern life. For this purpose, in 2008, the Accessible Environment Program for the disabled was developed. Its validity was subsequently extended until 2025.

Let's take a look at its main parameters, as well as the intermediate results of implementation as of 2019.

The legislative framework

Program stages

Since the activities have been implemented for quite a long time, some stages are considered completed, others are either acting now or waiting in line.

The program currently includes five phases:

2011-1012 years. During this period, a regulatory framework was created, which now provides opportunities for:
- implementation of activities;
- investing in specific objects.
2013-2015 years. Creation of a material base at the expense of federal funds. Namely:
- construction, reconstruction of rehabilitation centers;
- their equipment with the necessary technical means;
- purchase of special equipment for institutions:
  - health care;
  - education.
2016-2018 years. Implementation of the main tasks of the program. Monitoring the implementation of the stated goals and priorities. Interaction adjustment:
- federal and regional departments;
- organizations - performers and authorities.
  In 2016, an additional direction was included - the creation of rehabilitation infrastructure. In 2018, pilot projects are being implemented in the Sverdlovsk Region and the Perm Territory to create rehabilitation systems.
2019-2020:
- Monitoring the effectiveness of the work done.
- Summarizing.
- Analysis of results.
- Development of decisions on further activities in the field of creating conditions for the normal life of citizens with disabilities.
- Financing the regions (up to 400 million rubles) to equip rehabilitation centers.
2021-2025:
- development of pilot projects on assisted living, including educational (training), for teaching people with disabilities the skills of independent living; From 2021, rehabilitation will become a key area. 18 subjects of the Russian Federation will be financed from the federal budget for:
  - purchase of equipment for rehabilitation centers,
  - training of specialists,
  - IS development.

The exact list of activities will be determined in the course of budgeting in the relevant budget periods.

The responsible executor of the program is the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation. This department is entrusted with the task of coordinating the activities of numerous other executors of events. For example:

Ministry of Communications of the Russian Federation;
Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation:
pension fund;
Social Security Fund and others.

Goals and objectives of the FTP "Accessible Environment"

The events were designed to:

citizens with disabilities felt like full members of society;
other people perceived them as such.

That is, the FTP has two directions of influence, which boil down to one: overcoming the division of the population according to the criteria of physical capabilities.

Stated goals

The government sees the goals of the measures as follows:

Main

Creation of legislative conditions in order to improve the level and quality of life of people with disabilities:
- in the social sphere;
- on the basis of independent economic activity.

Additional:

Increasing the number of infrastructure facilities for citizens with physical disabilities, including:
- rehabilitation orientation;
- medical and health;
- educational.
Identification and analysis of citizens' opinions on issues of interaction with people with disabilities in the process of life.
2.3. Increasing the number of social facilities whose activities are aimed at improving the lives of such citizens, including children with disabilities, in municipalities.
2.4. Work on the preparation of a personnel base for specialists working with people with disabilities:
- education;
- stimulation to professional activity;
- training.
2.5. Involvement of citizens with physical disabilities in interaction with government agencies.
2.6. Employment of citizens from among persons with physical disabilities.
2.7. Providing medical facilities with specialized equipment to serve patients with disabilities.

Without the support of the population, the effectiveness of the program will be low. It is necessary for the entire society to work on the implementation of the state program.

FTP tasks

The developers of the events set the following tasks for the authorities and society:

Make access to service facilities the same for all citizens, including those with disabilities.
Create conditions for free medical care for the disabled on an equal basis with the rest of the population.
Providing jobs for citizens with disabilities, including through:
- their learning;
- retraining and professional development;
- creation of special conditions in production (or specialized enterprises).
Increasing the level of objectivity of medical expertise.

Do you need on the subject? and our lawyers will contact you shortly.

Issues of FTP financing

In the area of allocation of funds, the program is based on the principles of co-financing. That is, the money is allocated from the federal and local budgets. The following rule for injecting funds from the center is currently in effect:

Subjects with a share of subsidies from the federal budget in the last three years at the level of 40% and below receive no more than 95% for the implementation of FTP measures;
- these include: the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol.
Others - no more than 70%.

In 2017, an amount of 52,919,205.8 thousand rubles was planned to finance activities. For comparison: 47,935,211.5 thousand rubles were previously allocated.

Subprograms of the "Accessible Environment"

Complex tasks must be divided into segments in order to concretize and detail their implementation.

For this purpose, the following subprograms are allocated in the FTP:

Improving the provision of public services to citizens with disabilities. Including:
- creation by him of free access to the buildings of the authorities;
- improving the quality of service;
- identifying the problems of such people who are able to solve the state and local authorities.
Increasing the level of adaptation and habilitation. Namely:
- development of production of objects and equipment for them;
- implementation of relevant laws.
Improving medical care for citizens with disabilities:
- development of objective criteria for medical examination;
- control over the timely provision of assistance to them.

By 2016, the share of facilities accessible to persons with disabilities increased to 45% (for comparison, the figure for 2010 was 12%). Over the five years of its existence, the program has made it possible to modernize more than 18,000 socially significant facilities for the needs and physical capabilities of the disabled.

Activities for the implementation of subprograms

To achieve the goals set, the following activities have been developed and are being implemented:

Subprogram No. 1:

Creation and implementation of architectural projects of public buildings, taking into account the needs of citizens with disabilities. For example, schools, cinemas, shopping centers.
Provision of city streets with special visual aids:
- cards;
- banners;
- pointers.

3. Carrying out cultural and mass events with the involvement of disabled people and stimulating their activity.

4. Construction of new housing for the needs of persons with disabilities.

Subprogram No. 2:

Creation and implementation of national templates aimed at normal perception in society of the physical limitations of some of its members. For example, conducting special lessons in schools.
Stimulation of entrepreneurs for the purpose of employment of disabled people.
Organization of events for children with disabilities in order to adapt them to the social environment.

Subprogram No. 3:

Creation and implementation of a unified model for the interaction of medical institutions.
Formation of a professional personnel base for servicing persons with disabilities.
Improving the criteria for medical examination.
Creation of a single electronic database for medical institutions.

Intermediate results of the implementation of the FTP "Accessible Environment"

The implementation of such a complex task as bringing the quality of life of disabled people to the level of a healthy citizen is a laborious process.

Sometimes it seems that it will not be possible to fully achieve the stated goal.

However, reality shows shifts in public consciousness in the right direction.

Enterprises employing people with disabilities function normally.
The country has increased the number of rehabilitation centers.
People with disabilities are increasingly participating in public events. Stop being ashamed of injury.
Traffic lights with sound signals, signs and signs for the visually impaired appeared on the streets of large and small cities.
There are TV channels with sign language translation.
The platforms of the metropolitan metro are designed so that wheelchair users can safely enter the carriage.
Sound notification of stops is being implemented in public transport.

Other federal programs also include elements of improving the lives of disabled people and preventing the birth of children with disabilities. That is, the government is taking a comprehensive approach to solving the stated tasks. Important: in October 2017, the Russian Government took another step towards the implementation of these programs. In particular, control and supervision over ensuring the accessibility of social infrastructure facilities (communication facilities) for persons with disabilities has been transferred to Roskomnadzor.

What is being done for children with disabilities

In the Russian Federation, about 1.5 million children have a disability. Some of them study in specialized educational institutions (90%). And this, in turn, creates obstacles for their social adaptation.

Children are deprived of the opportunity to communicate with healthy peers, which makes it difficult for the younger generation to perceive their problems normally without deviations. However, attempts to organize joint training did not show positive results.

Other types of support for children with disabilities are being developed in the regions:

Tambov is implementing a local program to create barrier-free education. It includes about 30 schools that provide inclusive education.
In some regions at the expense of local budgets:
- specialized equipment is constantly purchased and sent to schools;
- buildings are being renovated to facilitate their use by children with disabilities.
Personnel training is centrally organized to work with such citizens in the field of:
- speech therapy;
- oligophrenopedagogy;
- deaf pedagogy and others.

Children suffer from the realization of their inferiority more than adults. One encouraging smile or word from a stranger means much more to such a child than all the vigorous activity of officials.

Intermediate successes of the regions

At the level of the subjects of the federation, work is also underway to create decent conditions for people with disabilities.

For example:

In some districts of the capital, buildings are being built that are adapted for the life of wheelchair users. The houses are equipped with wide lifts, non-standard doorways. Toilets and bathrooms in the apartments are equipped with specialized devices that allow disabled people to use the facilities themselves.
A whole residential area for people with disabilities has been designed in Ulan-Ude. It includes:
- residential buildings;
- athletic facilities;
- shops and clinics;
- manufacturing enterprises.

Each of the buildings is adapted to meet the needs of the disabled.

Dear readers!

We describe typical ways to resolve legal issues, but each case is unique and requires individual legal assistance.

For a prompt resolution of your problem, we recommend contacting qualified lawyers of our site.

Last changes

Changes have been made to the subprogram on improving the quality criteria of the ITU: supplemented by the possibility of an independent assessment of the quality of services provided by the federal institutions of the ITU. The procedure for subsidizing regional budgets under this program and the formula for calculating allocated subsidies have also changed.