Write a test about the nervous system. Thematic test on the section “Human nervous system. A33. The diencephalon regulates

Thematic test on the section "Human nervous system"

The test consists of parts A, B and C. It takes 26 minutes to complete.

Options 1- 2(Option 2 in bold)

Part A

Choose 1 correct answer in your opinion.

A1. What is the name of the short process of the neuron

a) axon b) dendrite

c) nerve d) synapse

A 1 .What is the name of the long process of the neuron

a) axon b) dendrite

c) nerve d) synapse

A2. The peripheral nervous system includes

A2. The central nervous system is

a) the brain and nerves b) the spinal cord and nerve nodes

c) nerves and ganglions d) spinal cord and brain

A3. Signals go to the central nervous system along the nerves

A3 .Signals from the brain to the organs are transmitted through the nerves

a) sensitive b) executive

c) mixed d) all answers are correct

A4. How many pairs of nerves leave the spinal cord

a) 30 b) 31

c)32 d)33

A4 .How many departments are there in the brain

a)3 b)4

c) 5 d) 6

A5. The gray matter of the brain is formed

A5. The white matter of the brain is formed

A) dendrites b) bodies of neurons

c) axons d) dendrites and bodies of neurons

A6. Where all the information from the senses flows

a) hypothalamus b) thalamus

A6 .Which part of the brain provides coordination of movement

a) hypothalamus b) thalamus

c) cerebral hemispheres d) cerebellum

A7. Within the central nervous system are

A7. A nerve impulse travels to a muscle or internal organ through

a) receptor b) intercalary neuron

c) sensory neuron d) motor neuron

A8. The center of thirst and hunger is located in

c) bridge d) midbrain

A8 .The constancy of the internal environment of the body is controlled

a) cerebral cortex b) diencephalon

c) bridge d) midbrain

A9. Olfactory and gustatory zones are located in .... share

a) frontal b) temporal

c) occipital d) parietal

A9 .The neurons of the visual zone are located in ... lobe

a) frontal b) temporal

c) occipital d) parietal

A10. Are the following statements correct?

A. The reflex begins with irritation of the receptors.

B. The reflex arc includes receptors, the brain and the working organ

A10 .Are the following statements correct?

A. Reflexes acquired in the process of life are called unconditional.

B. The reflex arc is the path along which the signals from the receptor go to the executive organ.

a) only A is true b) only B is true

c) both judgments are true d) both judgments are wrong

Part B

B1. Choose 3 correct, in your opinion, answers from 6 and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

What features are characteristic of the autonomic nervous system

4) regulated by the hypothalamus

IN 1 .Choose 3 correct answers, in your opinion, from 6 and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.

What are the characteristics of the somatic nervous system

1) governs internal organs, smooth muscles

2) subject to volitional control

3) does not obey the will of man

4) regulated by the hypothalamus

5) its center is the cerebral cortex

6) regulates the work of striated muscle tissue of skeletal muscles

B2. Establish a correspondence between the parts of the brain and their functions

Functions departments

A. regulates the functioning of the organs of the left side of the body 1. right hemisphere

B. responsible for the ability to music and visual arts2.left hemisphere

AT. controls speech, as well as reading and writing abilities

G. responsible for logic and analysis

D. with specializes in the processing of information that is expressed in symbols and images

E. regulates the functioning of the organs of the right side of the body

Answer:

IN 2 .Set the correspondence between the parts of the brain and their functions

Enter the numbers of the selected answers in the table

Functions departments

A. regulation of muscle tone 1. midbrain

B. center of salivation and swallowing 2. medulla oblongata

V. center of inhalation and exhalation

G. is responsible for the orienting reflex

D. regulates the size of the pupil and the curvature of the lens

E. there is a center of protective reflexes

Answer:

Enter the numbers of the selected answers in the table

Functions of subdivisions

A. activated in extreme conditions 1. sympathetic

B. lowers blood pressure 2. parasympathetic

AT. increases skeletal muscle tone

G. blood sugar increases

D. the work of the digestive organs is activated

E. skin vessels dilate

Answer:

AT 3. Establish a correspondence between the subdivisions of the nervous system and their functions

Enter the numbers of the selected answers in the table

Functions of subdivisions

A. called the end-of-life system 1. sympathetic

B. increases blood pressure 2. parasympathetic

B. breathing becomes more even and deep

G. blood sugar decreases

D. the digestive organs slow down their activity

E. skin vessels narrow, the skin turns pale

Answer:

C1. What lobe of the cerebral cortex is located under No. 2. What centers are in it?

C1 .which lobe of the cerebral cortex is under No. 1, what centers are in it?

C2. Why is the parasympathetic subdivision of the autonomic nervous system called the “retreat system”?

C2. Why is the sympathetic subdivision of the autonomic nervous system called the "emergency system"?

Task A

Task V.

Option 1

Exercise. Choose one correct answer.

1. The basis of thinking and speech is the work:

A. Respiratory system

B. nervous system

B. Circulatory system

2. Capable of generating nerve impulses:

A. Lymphocytes

B. Red blood cells

B. Neurons

3. The white matter of the brain is formed by:

A. Axons

B. Dendrites

B. The bodies of neurons

4. Impulses from the body of neurons pass through:

A. Axons

B. dendrites

B. Receptor endings

5. The transformation of external stimuli into nerve impulses occurs in:

A. Brain

B. Receptors

B. spinal cord

6. Neurons that conduct impulses from the central nervous system to the working organs are called:

A. Sensitive

B. Insertion

B. Motor

7. The accumulation of neuron bodies outside the CNS is called:

A. Nerve nodes

B. Nerves

B. Receptors

8. The part of the nervous system that innervates the skeletal muscles and skin is called:

A. Autonomous

B. Somatic

V. Central

9. The part of the nervous system that innervates the internal organs is called:

A. Vegetative

B. Somatic

V. Central

10. Blinking, sneezing, coughing are examples:

A. Conditioned reflexes

B. Acquired reflexes

B. Unconditioned reflexes

11. Neurons that are located within the CNS and participate in the implementation of the reflex are called:

A. Sensitive

B. Insertion

B. Effector

12. The average length of the spinal cord is:

A. 40 cm

B. 45 cm

H. 50 cm

13. In the central part of the spinal cord is located:

A. Gray matter

B. White matter

B. Nerve fibers

14. The number of spinal nerves is:

A. 21 pairs

B. 40 pairs

B. 31 pair

Option 2

14. A pair of spinal nerves departs from the spinal cord.

15. In the spinal cord there are centers of many ..., it also transmits impulses from organs to ... the brain and vice versa, that is, it performs ... a function.

Option 3

Exercise. Give a short answer of one or two sentences.

1. What is the significance of the nervous system?

2. What are the structural features of neurons?

3. What functional groups can neurons be divided into?

4. How is the relationship between neurons carried out?

5. Present the classification of the parts of the nervous system known to you.

6. What is a reflex? Types of reflexes. The value of reflexes.

7. What is the essence of neurohumoral regulation?

8. How is the spinal cord arranged?

9. What are the important functions of the spinal cord?

Option 4

Exercise. Give a complete detailed answer.

1. A newborn firmly grasps any object that falls into his hands. What is the significance of this reflex? What happens to him next?

2. Some people with spinal cord injuries due to paralysis of the trunk and limbs remain viable and mentally active. How can you explain it?

3. The rate of conduction of excitation along nerve fibers increases sharply from fish to mammals and humans. What does it matter?

4. Classify the given examples of reflexes.

A. The child smacks his lips at the sight of a bottle of milk.

B. Suddenly the phone rings and you hold out your hand.

B. Momentary withdrawal of the hand from the hot pan.

D. If a person comes out of the darkness into a bright light, he closes his eyes.

D. When a lemon enters the mouth, saliva is released.

E. In case of a strong smell, a person sneezes.

G. To find out what time it is, you look at your hand, even if you forgot your watch at home.

5. At a neurologist's appointment, the doctor taps the patient's knee with a hammer. Why is he doing this?

6. For the holiday you put on a new dress (suit), but the evening was ruined by an unpleasant event, it was very difficult to put on this outfit next time, and soon you put it away. What is the reason for this situation?

Answers.

The structure and significance of the nervous system. The structure and functions of the spinal cord

Option 1

1 - B; 2 - B; 3 - A; 4 - A; 5 B; 6 - B; 7 - A; 8 - B; 9 - A; 10 - B; 11 - B; 12 - B; 13 - A; 14 - V.

Option 2

1. Neurons, processes, impulses. 2. Dendrites, gray, axons, white. 3. Receptors, stimuli, nervous. 4. Synapses. 5. Head, central, nodes, peripheral. 6. Neurons, nerves, ganglions. 7. Somatic, internal, autonomous (vegetative). 8. External, internal, reflex. 9. Congenital, unconditional, conditional. 10. Reflex arc, receptor, intercalary, executive (effector). 11.45 cm, vertebral, shells. 12. Butterflies, central, spinal. 13. Fibers, dorsal, brain. 14. 31. 15. Reflexes, head, conductor.

Option 3

1. Coordination of the work of all organ systems, interaction of the body with the external environment, ensuring mental processes - thinking, speech, behavior.

2. Neurons consist of a body and processes: short, branching, conducting impulses to the body of a neuron - dendrites, forming the gray matter of the brain, and axons - long, non-branching, conducting impulses from the body of neurons and forming the white matter of the brain.

3. Sensitive (affectoral) neurons conduct impulses from receptors to the central nervous system, their bodies are located outside the brain and spinal cord in nerve nodes (ganglia). Intercalary (intermediate) neurons are located in the CNS and transmit impulses from sensory neurons to executive ones. Executive (effector) neurons transmit impulses from the CNS to the working organs, their bodies lie within the CNS.

4. At the points of contact of the membranes of the endings of neurons, connections are formed - synapses, the interaction of cells is carried out by transferring biologically active substances - neurotransmitters that change the activity of neuron membranes and transmit a signal.

5. The central nervous system is represented by the brain and spinal cord, the peripheral nervous system is represented by nerves, nerve nodes and endings. The nervous system can be divided into somatic, which controls the work of muscles and obeys the human mind, and autonomous, or vegetative, which controls the internal organs regardless of the will of the person.

6. Reflex - the body's response to external and internal stimuli, carried out and controlled by the central nervous system. Reflexes are unconditional (congenital), inherited to ensure the life of the body (swallowing, blinking, sneezing, coughing, salivation, etc.), and conditional, acquired during life, allowing the body to adequately respond to any changes in the environment and adapt.

7. Nerve impulses regulate the secretion of hormones by glands inside

early secretion, and hormones affect the susceptibility of receptors and the work of the central nervous system. The functions of organ systems are controlled by the nervous system and the endocrine system.

8. The spinal cord is a cord 45 cm long, located in the spinal canal, starting from the base of the skull to the second lumbar vertebra, protected by membranes. In the center of the brain is a butterfly-shaped gray matter and a central canal filled with cerebrospinal fluid. Outside is white matter containing nerve fibers and nerves. There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves that emerge from the spinal cord.

9. Reflex function, it is the center of reflexes that ensures the functioning of the respiratory system, cardiovascular, digestive, urinary, contraction of the skeletal muscles of the trunk and limbs. Conductor function. Impulses pass through the spinal cord, connecting the brain with all the cells of the body in the forward and reverse direction.

Option 4

2. The controlling organ of the nervous system is the brain, where the highest centers of regulation of the activity of all organ systems are located, therefore, damage to the spinal cord is not fatal in all cases.

3. The maximum speed of nerve impulses allows the body to respond faster to external and internal stimuli and, therefore, better adapt, adequately build its behavior.

4. Conditioned reflexes: A, B, G. Unconditioned reflexes: C, D, E, F.

5. To determine the presence and normal severity of the knee jerk. This is necessary to diagnose the level of the patient's reflex activity and to determine the state of his nervous system.

6. The dress served as a conditioned stimulus reinforced by an unconditional - negative emotional state; a conditioned reflex to the appearance of this stimulus arose.

Generalization on the topic: "Nervous system"

1. Do a test job:

1. What makes up the central nervous system?

a) the brain;

b) spinal cord;

c) nerves.

d) nerve nodes

2. What makes up the peripheral nervous system?

a) the brain;

b) spinal cord;

c) nerves;

d) nerve nodes

3. The endings of sensitive nerve fibers, or sensitive cells, are called:

a) a reflex;

b) neuron;

c) a receptor.

4. Way of the spinal reflex:

a) brain - receptor - muscle - spinal cord,

b) receptor - spinal cord - brain - muscle;

c) muscle spinal cord brain - receptor.

3 Parasympathetic nervous system:

a) does not affect the contraction of the skin muscles;

b) causes contraction of skin muscles;

c) causes relaxation of the skin muscles,

6. What is the solar plexus?

a) nerves;

b) nerve cells;

c) additional nerve nodes in the abdomen

2. Pick up pairs:

1. Central nervous system A. Brain

2. Peripheral nervous system B. Nerves

1. Autonomic nervous system A. Subordinate to the will of man

2. Somatic nervous system B. Not subject to the will of man

1. Sympathetic nervous system

2. Parasympathetic nervous system

A. Turns on during intensive work requiring energy consumption

B. Promotes the restoration of energy reserves during sleep and rest

1. Excitation of the sympathetic nervous system

2. Excitation of the parasympathetic nervous system

A. An increase in blood sugar

B. Reducing the amount of sugar in the blood

1. Parasympathetic nervous system

2. Sympathetic nervous system

A. The bodies of neurons lie in the middle, medulla oblongata and in the sacral part of the spinal cord

B. The bodies of neurons lie in the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord

3. Digital dictation

From the list of departments of the nervous system (NS) (1-5), select and encode the answers to the question (1-X1).

1. Somatic NS4. Sympathetic NS

2. Autonomic NS5. Central NS

3. Parasympathetic NS

I. Consists of gray and white matter

II. Exercise knee and othersmotor reflexes

III. Spinal and cranial nerves

IV. Perform voluntary movements of skeletal muscles

V. Carry out involuntary bowel movements

VI. Regulate blood circulation

VII. Also called "autonomous National Assembly"

VIII. Causes blanching (a reflex of vasoconstriction of the skin when frightened)

IX. Causes involuntary weakening of the heart

X. Causes an involuntary increase in the activity of the heart.

XI. Belong to the vegetative NS

4. Think about the answers to questions about the functions of the five parts of the brain named in the 1st column.Encrypt them sequentially with numbers from 5 groups:

Slides captions:

Topic: "Nervous system" Tasks: to study the structure and functions of the NS - spinal cord, brain, autonomic nervous system

The structure of the nervous system Nervous tissue: Neurons consist of a body and processes - a long one, along which excitation goes from the cell body - an axon and dendrites, along which excitation goes to the cell body.

The structure of the nervous system Functionally, neurons are divided into sensory, motor, between them there may be intercalary neurons. The work of the nervous system is based on reflexes. Reflex - the body's response to irritation, which is carried out and controlled by the nervous system. The reflex arc is the path along which excitation passes during a reflex.

The structure of the nervous system Anatomically, the NS is divided into central and peripheral, the central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, the peripheral nervous system includes 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves and nerve nodes. Functionally, the nervous system can be divided into somatic and autonomous (vegetative). The somatic part of the nervous system regulates the work of skeletal muscles, the autonomous part controls the work of internal organs.

Structure of the nervous system Functions. 1. The nervous system regulates the activity of all organs and organ systems; 2. Communicates with the external environment through the senses; 3. It is the material basis for higher nervous activity, thinking, behavior and speech.

The structure and functions of the spinal cord The spinal cord is located in the spinal canal from the 1st cervical vertebra to the 1st - 2nd lumbar vertebrae, about 45 cm long, about 1 cm thick. The anterior and posterior longitudinal grooves divide it into two symmetrical halves.

The structure and functions of the spinal cord The spinal cord is covered with three membranes: outside dense connective tissue, then arachnoid and under it vascular. 31 pairs of mixed spinal nerves leave the spinal cord.

The structure and function of the spinal cord. The functions of the spinal cord are reflex and conduction. As a reflex center, the spinal cord takes part in motor (conducts nerve impulses to the skeletal muscles) and autonomic reflexes.

The structure and functions of the spinal cord The most important vegetative reflexes of the spinal cord are vasomotor, food, respiratory, defecation, urination, sexual. The reflex function of the spinal cord is under the control of the brain.

The structure and functions of the spinal cord In humans, the brain is of decisive importance in the implementation of the coordination of motor reflexes.

The structure and function of the spinal cord The amount of white matter from the cervical to the lumbar region gradually decreases. Cerebrospinal fluid for analysis is taken in the lumbar region from the subarachnoid space.

Repetition What is indicated in the figure by the numbers 1 - 11? What are the membranes that protect the spinal cord called? What is the length and thickness of the spinal cord? Where are the bodies of sensory (sensory, afferent) neurons located in the spinal cord? Where are the bodies of motor (motor, efferent) neurons located in the spinal cord? Where are the bodies of intercalary (intermediate) neurons located? Where are the cell bodies of the first neurons of the sympathetic nervous system located in the spinal cord?

Repetition Correct judgments in the task: "Spinal cord" Outside the spinal cord is gray matter, inside is white. The thickness of the spinal cord is about 1 cm, the average length is 43 cm. 31 pairs of spinal nerves depart from the spinal cord, it consists of 31 segments. The spinal cord has two functions - reflex and conduction.

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Slides captions:

Brain and Nervous System Part 2

The structure and functions of the brain There are five sections of the brain: the medulla oblongata, the posterior, which includes the bridge and the cerebellum, the middle, diencephalon and forebrain, represented by the cerebral hemispheres. Up to 80% of the mass of the brain falls on the cerebral hemispheres. The central canal of the spinal cord continues into the brain, where it forms four cavities (ventricles). Two ventricles are located in the hemispheres, the third in the diencephalon, the fourth at the level of the medulla oblongata and the bridge.

The structure and functions of the brain The medulla oblongata is a continuation of the spinal cord, performs reflex and conduction functions. Reflex functions are associated with the regulation of the work of the respiratory, digestive and circulatory organs; here are the centers of protective reflexes - coughing, sneezing, vomiting.

The structure and functions of the brain The bridge connects the cerebral cortex with the spinal cord and cerebellum, performs mainly a conductive function. The cerebellum is formed by two hemispheres, externally covered with a bark of gray matter, under which is white matter. The white matter contains nuclei. The middle part - the worm connects the hemispheres. Responsible for coordination, balance and affects muscle tone.

The structure and functions of the brain The midbrain connects all parts of the brain. Here are the centers of skeletal muscle tone, the primary centers of visual and auditory orienting reflexes. These reflexes are manifested in the movements of the eyes, head towards stimuli.

The structure and functions of the brain In the diencephalon, three parts are distinguished: the thalamus, the epithalamus, which includes the pineal gland, and the hypothalamus. The subcortical centers of all types of sensitivity are located in the thalamus; excitation from the sense organs comes here. The hypothalamus contains the highest centers of regulation of the autonomic nervous system, it controls the constancy of the internal environment of the body.

The structure and functions of the brain Here are the centers of appetite, thirst, sleep, thermoregulation, ie. regulation of all types of metabolism. Neurons of the hypothalamus produce neurohormones that regulate the functioning of the endocrine system. In the diencephalon there are also emotional centers: centers of pleasure, fear, aggression. It is part of the brain stem.

The structure and functions of the brain The forebrain is represented by the cerebral hemispheres connected by the corpus callosum. The surface is formed by the crust, the area of ​​which is about 2200 cm 2 . Numerous folds, convolutions and furrows significantly increase the surface of the cortex. The human cortex has from 14 to 17 billion nerve cells arranged in 6 layers, the thickness of the cortex is 2 - 4 mm. Accumulations of neurons in the depths of the hemispheres form subcortical nuclei.

The structure and functions of the brain The central sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the parietal, the lateral sulcus separates the temporal lobe, the parietal-occipital sulcus separates the occipital lobe from the parietal. In the cortex, sensitive, motor zones and associative zones are distinguished. Sensitive zones are responsible for the analysis of information coming from the sense organs: occipital - for vision, temporal - for hearing, smell and taste, parietal - for skin and joint-muscular sensitivity.

The structure and functions of the brain And each hemisphere receives impulses from the opposite side of the body. The motor zones are located in the posterior regions of the frontal lobes, from here come the commands for contraction of the skeletal muscles. Associative zones are located in the frontal lobes of the brain and are responsible for the development of programs for behavior and management of human labor activity; their mass in humans is more than 50% of the total mass of the brain.

The structure and functions of the brain Very large representations in the cerebral cortex are the hand and face (both in the sensitive and in the motor areas).

The structure and functions of the brain A person is characterized by a functional asymmetry of the hemispheres, the left hemisphere is responsible for abstract-logical thinking, speech centers are also located there (Brock's center is responsible for pronunciation, Wernicke's center for understanding speech), the right hemisphere is for figurative thinking, musical and artistic creativity.

The structure and functions of the brain Due to the strong development of the cerebral hemispheres, the average mass of the human brain is on average 1400 g. But abilities depend not only on mass, but also on the organization of the brain. Anatole France, for example, had a brain mass of 1017g, Turgenev 2012.

Autonomic nervous system The autonomic nervous system regulates the work of all internal organs - the digestive, respiratory, circulatory, excretory, reproductive, endocrine systems. The arc of the central autonomic reflex includes at least four neurons: sensory, intercalary (intermediate), preganglionic and ganglionic. The sensitive link is represented by sensitive nerve cells, the interoreceptors of which are located in the internal organs.

Autonomic nervous system Central link. Afferent neurons form synapses on interneurons, which transmit excitation to the centers of the brain, where information is processed and then transmitted to preganglionic neurons. Impulses from the CNS always pass through two sequentially located neurons - pre-nodal and post-nodal. The bodies of pre-nodal neurons are located in the central nervous system - the middle, medulla oblongata and spinal cord, post-nodal - outside it. The fibers of the prenodal neurons are covered with myelin and have a high speed of nerve impulse conduction.

The autonomic nervous system is functionally and anatomically divided into two divisions: sympathetic and parasympathetic. As a rule, the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems have opposite effects on the innervated organ. The sympathetic nervous system is called the "start system", it adapts the body to perform any work. Its prenodal neurons are located in the lateral horns of the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord, the mediator is acetylcholine, the postganglionic neurons are in the nodes near the spinal cord, and the mediator is norepinephrine.

Autonomic Nervous System Functions. Strengthens the work of the heart (increases blood pressure), dilates the vessels of the muscles and brain, constricts the vessels of the skin and intestines; speeds up breathing, expands bronchioles; dilates the pupils (“fear has large eyes”); inhibits the activity of the digestive and excretory systems. The parasympathetic nervous system has the opposite effect, the "stop system". Prenodal neurons are located in the middle, medulla oblongata and in the sacral spinal cord, postganglionic - in the nodes near the internal organs. The mediator secreted by synapses in both types of neurons is acetylcholine.

Autonomic nervous system Functions: - reverse. Thus, depending on the circumstances, the autonomic nervous system either enhances the functions of certain organs, or weakens them, and at each moment either the sympathetic or parasympathetic parts of the autonomic nervous system show greater activity. Autonomous NS also includes metasympathetic (intraorganic) NS. It contains all the elements of the reflex arc: afferent, intercalary and efferent neurons that provide regulation of the organ after transection of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves (the work of an isolated frog heart).

Repetition What is indicated by the numbers in the figures?

Repetition What is indicated in the figure by the numbers 1-11? What is the average mass of the human brain? How many pairs of cranial nerves leave the human brain? In which hemisphere are the speech centers, Broca's and Wernicke's centers located?

1-option

1. The peripheral nervous system includes:

1) 31 pairs of spinal nerves 2) 12 pairs of cranial nerves 3) medulla oblongata 4) nerve nodes around the spine 5) segmental section of the central system 6) cerebellum 7) nerve nodes of internal organs 8) pons varolii

window. google_render_ad(); A) 1.3.5 B) 2.4.6 C) 6.7.8 E) 1.2.4.7 E) 3.5.6.8

2. "Pale nucleus" and "striated body" - what is it?

A) components of the gray matter of the cerebral hemispheres

B) gray matter of the cerebellum

C) subcortical region of the brain (hypothalamus)

D) the inner layer of the medulla oblongata

E) pons

3. In which answer option is the structure of the gray matter of the spinal cord correctly named?

1-pair of anterior horns 2-pair of posterior horns 3-pair of lateral horns

a) motor neurons b) sensitive neurons c) autonomic neurons

A) 1a, 2b, 3c C) 1b, 2a, 3c C) 1c, 2b, 3a E) 1a, 2c, 3b E) 1b, 2c, 3a

4. Extend your right arm forward. Touch the tip of your nose with your index finger. What part of the brain was involved in the implementation of this movement, coordinating the activity of the muscles of the hand and determining the trajectory of movement?

A) spinal cord B) medulla oblongata C) cerebellum D) midbrain

E) cerebral cortex

5. The main center of speech is located: 1) in the occipital 2) parietal 3) temporal 4) frontal lobe

A) left hemisphere a) right hemisphere of the brain

A)3-A B)1-A C)2-a E)4-A E)4-a

6. Inflammation of sensitive nerve fibers is ...

A) ganglite B) neuritis C) neuralgia D) sciatica E) myelitis

7. Sensitive and motor function of which human organs is provided by the nerve centers of the thoracic segment of the spinal cord?

A) skin and muscles, starting from the 5th rib of the chest to the bladder, internal

hand surface

C) skin and muscles of the head, neck, chest, outer surface of the hands

C) skin and muscles of the palm and fingers

D) tissues and organs of the abdominal cavity

E) skin and muscles of the legs and toes

8. Highlight the physical processes that regulate the thalamus and hypothalamus of the brain:

1) perception of external and internal stimuli through the sense organs 2) conduction of nerve

impulses to the medulla oblongata and spinal cord 3) regulation of respiration and cardiac activity

4) constancy of body temperature 5) ensuring normal metabolism 6) reaction to hunger

and saturation 7) protective reflexes - blinking, sneezing, coughing 8) juice - and salivation

9) regulation of the activity of the pituitary gland

A) 1,4,5,6,9 B) 2,3,5,8 C) 1,3,5,7 E) 2,4,6,8 E) 6,7,8

9. Location of the sensitive center of the skin ...

A) the occipital part of the cerebral cortex B) the lower internal part of the frontal part

C) temporal part of the cerebral cortex D) anterior central gyrus of the crown

E) in the posterior central gyrus of the crown

10. What develops when the nerve cells of the spinal cord are damaged and the sensory and motor functions of tissues and organs are disturbed?

A) hematoma B) neurosis C) paralysis D) aneurysm E) stroke

11. Damage to which nerve centers disrupts the perception of external and internal stimuli?

A) midbrain B) pons C) thalamus D) hypothalamus E) C, D

12. Impulses of what receptors are perceived by the associative zone of the cerebral cortex?

A) sense organs B) muscles and tendons C) has no connection with tissues and organs of the body

D) skin E) joints and bones

13. In which part and which hemisphere of the cerebral cortex is the center that gives melody to human speech?

A) temporal right hemisphere B) temporal left hemisphere

C) parietal right hemisphere D) frontal right hemisphere

E) frontal left hemisphere

14. What parts of the nervous system regulate the lower functions of the body?

A) spinal cord, pons B) medulla oblongata, cerebellum

C) midbrain, diencephalon D) A, B, C

E) cerebral cortex

15. What part of the brain is associated with the formation of biologically active substances, the implementation of humoral regulation? Name that department.

A) intermediate B) middle C) oblong D) cerebellum E) forebrain

16. How many parts does a reflex arc consist of?

A) two B) five C) three D) four E) six

17. In which answer are the reflexes of the spinal cord correctly indicated?

A) smell, digestion, respiration B) urination, pupil dilation

C) chewing, coughing, salivation D) movement, reading, speech, learning

E) crying, smell, coordination of movement

18. Determine which organs are controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

A) heart, intestines, endocrine glands, chest muscle metabolism

B) heart and neck muscles

C) kidneys, lungs, eye muscles

D) pancreas, chest muscles

E) salivary glands, liver, back muscles

19. Encephalitis is an inflammation…

A) membranes surrounding the brain B) brain tissue

C) the membrane surrounding the spinal cord D) tissue of the spinal cord

E) nerve cells of the spinal cord

20. In what part of the brain is the nerve center that sets the eye in motion

A) medulla oblongata B) diencephalon C) midbrain

D) cerebellum E) bridge

TESTS ON THE TOPIC: "NERVOUS SYSTEM" Option 2

window. google_render_ad(); 1. What reflexes are provided by the diencephalon: 1) sensation of cold 2) overheating of the body 3) desire to sleep 4) increase in blood sugar 5) blinking 6) cough 7) inhalation and exhalation 8) increase in thyroxine 9) thirst

A) 1,2,4,5 B) 3,4,5,6 C) 4,5,6,7 E) 6,7,8,9 E) 1,2,3,4,8,9

2. The structure of the gray matter of the spinal cord in a cross section has the shape of a butterfly and consists of nerve cells. Specify how many horns the gray matter has and what nerve cells are in them.

A) one pair of anterior horns - motor neurons, one pair of posterior horns - sensory neurons

C) one pair of anterior horns are sensory neurons, one pair of posterior horns are motor neurons

C) one pair of anterior horns - motor neurons, one pair of posterior horns - intercalary neurons, one pair of lateral horns - sensory neurons

E) one pair of anterior horns - all types of neurons, one pair of posterior horns - all types of neurons

E) one pair of anterior horns - motor neurons, one pair of posterior horns - which includes processes of sensory neurons, one pair of lateral horns - motor neurons of the autonomic nervous system

3. What does the gray matter consist of in the thickness of the white matter of the brain?

A) serotonin B) fats, proteins, carbohydrates C) pale nucleus, striatum

D) white matter E) axons and dendrites

4. Where is the main center of speech located?

A) in the occipital part B) in the hemispheres C) in the temporal part of the left hemisphere

D) in the midbrain E) in the temporal part of the right hemisphere

5. Inflammation of motor nerve fibers is ...

6. The centers of the autonomic nervous system are located ...

A) in the spinal cord between 1 thoracic and 3 lumbar segments

C) in the medulla oblongata C) in the midbrain D) A, B, C

E) in the hypothalamus

7. The somatic nervous system in humans controls ...

A) movements B) sensory organs C) the work of the heart D) higher nervous activity

E) the work of the stomach

8. What is the sequence of the excitation pathway in case of a hand burn? 1) receptor 2) centrifugal neuron

3) centripetal neuron 4) intercalary neuron 5) gray matter of the spinal cord

6) cerebral cortex 7) muscle

A) 1,3,4,6 B) 1,2,5,6,3 C) 2,4,3 E) 1,3,4,2,7 E) 3,4,2

9. The influence of what nerves causes an increase in heart rate, vasoconstriction?

A) cranial B) sympathetic C) spinal cord

D) parasympathetic E) somatic

10. Regulation of chewing, swallowing, sneezing, coughing, as well as protective digestive reflexes are associated with ...

A) the diencephalon B) the nuclei of the medulla oblongata and the bridge

C) midbrain D) large hemispheres of the forebrain

E) cerebellum

11. What is a reflex?

A) response of the body to impulses sent and controlled by the central nervous system

C) regulation of the activity of the nervous system

C) nervous and humoral activity of the body

D) the influence of the external environment on the nervous system

E) there is no correct answer

12. Where are the centers of digestion and what nerves increase the work of the digestive organs?

A) intermediate, parasympathetic B) cerebral cortex, sympathetic

C) brain stem, sympathetic E) brain stem, parasympathetic

E) oblong, intermediate, parasympathetic

13. Where are the sensory and motor functions of the fingers provided?

A) the brain B) the cervical segment of the spinal cord

C) only in the right hemisphere E) in the elbow joint E) A, C

14. What does human mental activity depend on?

2. What forms the gray matter of the brain?

A) pale nucleus and striatum B) pale body and striatum

C) hypothalamic cells D) gray body, white nucleus

E) stem cells

3. What is the mass of the human medulla oblongata?

A) 100 gr B) 10 gr C) 70 gr D) 7 gr E) 1 gr

4. Inflammation of neuromuscular fibers is ...

A) ganglite B) neuritis C) neuralgia D) sciatica E) myositis

5. Why does a spinal cord injury lead to paralysis?

A) ascending pathways are destroyed

C) descending pathways are destroyed

C) damage to the posterior roots of the spinal nerves

D) the anterior roots of the spinal nerves are damaged

E) the connection between the spinal cord and the brain is interrupted

6. Where is the visual zone?

A) in the occipital lobe B) in the parietal lobe C) in the temporal lobe

D) in the frontal lobe E) anterior central sulcus

7. What is the path of the reflex arc of the knee jerk?

A) muscle-receptor-nerve cell-intercalary cell-motor nerve cell

C) receptor-sensitive cell-intercalary cell-motor cell

C) receptor-sensitive nerve fiber - sensitive nerve cell -

intercalary neuron - motor neuron - motor nerve fiber - muscle

E) sensitive neuron-intercalary neuron - motor cell - sensitive

cell - muscle - receptor

E) muscle - receptor - intercalary neuron - motor neuron - sensitive cell -

motor nerve fiber - muscle

8. Specify the main properties of the nervous tissue.

A) excitability, contractility B) elasticity, contractility

C) excitability, conductivity D) automaticity, conductivity

E) automaticity, excitability

9. Motor nerves are ...

A) nerves made up of dendrites B) nerves made up of axons and dendrites

C) nerves consisting of axons D) nerves consisting of axons of motor neurons

E) all answers are correct

10. Regulation of chewing, swallowing, sucking, as well as protective digestive reflexes are associated with ...

A) diencephalon B) midbrain

C) nuclei of the medulla oblongata D) cerebellum

E) large hemispheres of the forebrain

11. Neuroglia is…

A) a disease of the human nervous system

B) part of the spinal cord

C) cells with processes that are not part of the nervous tissue

D) cells that make up the nervous tissue and are located around the neurons of the brain

and spinal cord

E) cells that are not related to the nervous system

12. What part of the brain is associated with the higher nervous activity of higher mammals?

A) middle B) dorsal C) oblong D) intermediate E) large hemispheres

13. What is the segmental part of the central nervous system represented by?

A) spinal cord and lower parts of the brain

C) higher nerve centers and the cortical part of the brain

C) hemispheres of the brain

D) the brain and spinal cord E) the spinal cord and hemispheres

14. What nervous system regulates the activity of the endocrine glands?

A) somatic B) vegetative C) peripheral D) central E) suprasegmental

15. What is the function of the white matter of the spinal cord?

A) transmission of impulses of the spinal cord and brain B) motor function

C) regulation of the activity of internal organs D) humoral function

E) regulation of respiratory function

16. Specify diseases of the central nervous system.

A) otitis, paratitis B) hepatitis, osteochondrosis C) myelitis, encephalitis

D) heart attack, ischemia E) gastritis, colitis

17. How is chorea disease characterized?

A) involuntary sharp movements of the limbs, blinking of the eyes

C) a change in handwriting, a shaky gait D) a decrease in pain, thermal sensitivity

C) depressed mood, weight loss E) mood swings, decreased muscle tone

18. What zones is the surface of the human cerebral cortex divided into, depending on the functions,

carried out by cortical cells?

A) sensory, auditory, visual B) motor, sensory, olfactory

C) frontal, parietal, temporal, motor E) sensitive, motor, associative

E) sensory, visual, muscular

19. What characterizes paralysis resulting from brain tissue damage?

A) the muscle tone of the limb increases and the limb stiffens

C) there is pain in the limb, then paralyzes and hangs like a whip

C) the sensitivity and movement of the limb is reduced

D) pain in the skin and muscles, trembling of the hands and feet

E) all answers are correct

20. Where are the centers of the somatic nervous system located?

window. google_render_ad(); A) evenly in all parts of the spinal cord and brain

B) in the lower parts of the brain

C) from the first thoracic to the third lumbar segments of the spinal cord

D) in the sacral region of the spinal cord