Composition: The problem of respect for the native language. Language. Speech. About respect for the Russian language Memo on respect for the Russian language

In his article, I. A. Ilyin, talking about the wealth, beauty, brightness of the Russian language, raises the problem of careful attitude to it. The author says: “Woe to us that they did not know how to protect our language and carefully cultivate it.”

Undoubtedly, the eternal question raised by I. A. Ilyin is of great social importance. “Treat your native language with care and love. Think about it, study it, love it, and a world of boundless joys will open up to you, ”wrote D.S. Likhachev. How often do we treat such calls with calm casualness, without thinking about what

they carry a strict and precise meaning. But it is with the help of our native language that we get to know the world, we join the vast experience that humanity has accumulated, we get to know that originality of the national character, that spiritual and spiritual height that the Russian people have reached only thanks to their language.

I. A. Ilyin believes that in every word of the Russian language, in its sound, open simplicity, modesty, chastity, flexibility and at the same time insidiousness, rhythm, great power, power, secret meaning are hidden. The past and present of the people, their traditional and modern way of life live in words. They reflect the historical stage

development of art, literature. Words are a monument of culture and a monument of culture. Therefore, for the author, the Russian language is a marvelous gift that must be loved and cherished.

I agree with the opinion of I. A. Ilyin. After all, the essence and the singing soul of our people have merged together in the Russian language, it is the personification of Russia itself.

Unfortunately, the attitude towards the Russian language is changing these days. The newspaper "Arguments and Facts" published an article by professor of Moscow State University A.E. Petrov, which says that the Russian language, the language of Pushkin, Lermontov, Tolstoy, has been largely lost. Our contemporaries in large part became closer to the English language. It is easier for them to write something in English, because in Russian they formulate thoughts much worse. The fashion for Pushkin's language has passed.

I do not agree with this point of view. I remember how the literary genius himself worked. A line of any of his works is an indisputable proof of the great power of the Russian language. Pushkin, an amazing master of words, filled our life with bright, joyful life-giving creativity. Pushkin's language is the language of elusive transparency and eternal verbs.

Undoubtedly, the spiritual wealth of Russia will live as long as the mighty Russian language lives on. Not to love and not to protect it means not to love our Motherland.

Other works on this topic:

1. Write an essay-reasoning, revealing the meaning of the statement of the Russian writer I. A. Goncharov: “Language is not only dialect, speech: language is the image of the entire inner person, all forces, mental ...
2. In Russian language lessons, we learn many different sayings that elevate and praise our great and mighty Russian language. But no one has ever said...
3. Clogging the Russian language with jargon, foreign words, obscene language - this is the problem that the writer considers in the text. This linguistic question is very topical today. Topical...
4. The place of foreign words in the Russian language is the problem discussed by V. Glagolev. The author anxiously describes how foreign words penetrate into...
5. I. A. Ilyin in his article raises a problem related to the meaning of the native language. According to the author, Russia presented its citizens with an invaluable gift - the great Russian ...
6. Russian language ... Great and mighty! So why can't we keep it that way? In his text, T.V. Raises the problem of preserving the Russian language, especially ...
7. Language is the hallmark of every nation. The Russian language must be studied and protected, as it is an important part of the development of civilization. The culture of Russian society is impossible without...
8. Of all the existing languages ​​on the planet, the Russian language is assigned the role of rich and complex. We can see the richness of the Russian language at all levels. Take at least...

1) The problem of historical memory (responsibility for the bitter and terrible consequences of the past)

The problem of responsibility, national and human, was one of the central ones in literature in the middle of the 20th century. For example, A.T. Tvardovsky in the poem “By the Right of Memory” calls for a rethinking of the sad experience of totalitarianism. The same theme is revealed in A.A. Akhmatova's poem "Requiem". The verdict on the state system based on injustice and lies is passed by A.I. Solzhenitsyn in the story “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich”

2) The problem of preservation of ancient monuments and respect for them.

The problem of careful attitude to cultural heritage has always remained in the center of general attention. In the difficult post-revolutionary period, when the change of the political system was accompanied by the overthrow of the old values, Russian intellectuals did everything possible to save cultural relics. For example, Academician D.S. Likhachev prevented Nevsky Prospekt from being built up with typical high-rise buildings. The estates of Kuskovo and Abramtsevo were restored at the expense of Russian cinematographers. Caring for ancient monuments distinguishes Tula residents: the appearance of the historical center of the city, the church, the Kremlin is preserved.

The conquerors of antiquity burned books and destroyed monuments in order to deprive the people of historical memory.

3)The problem of attitude to the past, loss of memory, roots.

“Disrespect for ancestors is the first sign of immorality” (A.S. Pushkin). A man who does not remember his kinship, who has lost his memory, Chingiz Aitmatov called mankurt ( "Stormy Station"). Mankurt is a man forcibly deprived of memory. This is a slave who has no past. He does not know who he is, where he comes from, does not know his name, does not remember childhood, father and mother - in a word, he does not realize himself as a human being. Such a subhuman is dangerous for society - the writer warns.

Quite recently, on the eve of the great Victory Day, young people were asked on the streets of our city if they knew about the beginning and end of the Great Patriotic War, about who we fought, who G. Zhukov was ... The answers were depressing: the younger generation does not know the start date war, the names of commanders, many have not heard about the Battle of Stalingrad, about the Kursk Bulge ...

The problem of forgetting the past is very serious. A person who does not respect history, who does not honor his ancestors, is the same mankurt. One would like to remind these young people the piercing cry from the legend of Ch. Aitmatov: “Remember, whose are you? What is your name?"

4) The problem of a false goal in life.

“A person needs not three arshins of land, not a farmstead, but the entire globe. All nature, where in the open space he could show all the properties of a free spirit, ”wrote A.P. Chekhov. Life without purpose is a meaningless existence. But the goals are different, such as, for example, in the story "Gooseberry". His hero - Nikolai Ivanovich Chimsha-Gimalaysky - dreams of acquiring his estate and planting gooseberries there. This goal consumes him entirely. As a result, he reaches it, but at the same time he almost loses his human appearance (“he has become stout, flabby ... - just look, he will grunt into a blanket”). A false goal, fixation on the material, narrow, limited disfigures a person. He needs constant movement, development, excitement, improvement for life ...

I. Bunin in the story "The Gentleman from San Francisco" showed the fate of a man who served false values. Wealth was his god, and that god he worshipped. But when the American millionaire died, it turned out that true happiness passed by the person: he died without knowing what life is.

5) The meaning of human life. Search for a life path.

The image of Oblomov (I.A. Goncharov) is the image of a man who wanted to achieve a lot in life. He wanted to change his life, he wanted to rebuild the life of the estate, he wanted to raise children ... But he did not have the strength to make these desires come true, so his dreams remained dreams.

M. Gorky in the play "At the Bottom" showed the drama of "former people" who have lost the strength to fight for their own sake. They hope for something good, they understand that they need to live better, but they do nothing to change their fate. It is no coincidence that the action of the play begins in the rooming house and ends there.

N. Gogol, the exposer of human vices, is persistently looking for a living human soul. Depicting Plyushkin, who has become "a hole in the body of mankind", he passionately urges the reader, who enters adulthood, to take with him all the "human movements", not to lose them on the road of life.

Life is a movement along an endless road. Some travel along it “with official necessity”, asking questions: why did I live, for what purpose was I born? ("Hero of our time"). Others are frightened of this road, run to their wide sofa, because “life touches everywhere, gets it” (“Oblomov”). But there are also those who, making mistakes, doubting, suffering, rise to the heights of truth, finding their spiritual “I”. One of them - Pierre Bezukhov - the hero of the epic novel L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace".

At the beginning of his journey, Pierre is far from the truth: he admires Napoleon, is involved in the company of “golden youth”, participates in hooligan antics along with Dolokhov and Kuragin, too easily succumbs to rough flattery, the cause of which is his huge fortune. One stupidity is followed by another: marriage to Helen, a duel with Dolokhov ... And as a result - a complete loss of the meaning of life. “What's wrong? What well? What should you love and what should you hate? Why live and what am I? - these questions are countless times scrolled in my head until a sober understanding of life comes. On the way to it, and the experience of Freemasonry, and observation of ordinary soldiers in the Battle of Borodino, and a meeting in captivity with the folk philosopher Platon Karataev. Only love moves the world and a person lives - Pierre Bezukhov comes to this thought, finding his spiritual “I”.

6) Self-sacrifice. Love for your neighbor. Compassion and mercy. Sensitivity.

In one of the books devoted to the Great Patriotic War, a former blockade survivor recalls that during a terrible famine, he, a dying teenager, was saved by a neighbor who brought a can of stew sent by his son from the front. “I am already old, and you are young, you still have to live and live,” said this man. He soon died, and the boy he saved kept a grateful memory of him for the rest of his life.

The tragedy occurred in the Krasnodar Territory. A fire started in a nursing home where sick old people lived. Among the 62 who were burned alive was 53-year-old nurse Lidia Pachintseva, who was on duty that night. When a fire broke out, she took the old people by the arms, brought them to the windows and helped them escape. But she didn’t save herself - she didn’t have time.

M. Sholokhov has a wonderful story "The Fate of Man". It tells about the tragic fate of a soldier who lost all his relatives during the war. One day he met an orphan boy and decided to call himself his father. This act suggests that love and the desire to do good give a person the strength to live, the strength to resist fate.

7) The problem of indifference. Callous and callous attitude towards a person.

“Satisfied with themselves people”, accustomed to comfort, people with small property interests - the same heroes Chekhov, “people in cases”. This is Dr. Startsev in "Ionyche", and Belikov's teacher "The Man in the Case". Let us remember how “chubby, red” Dmitry Ionych Startsev rides on a troika with bells, and his coachman Panteleimon, “also plump and red”, shouts: “Hold on!” “Hold on right” - this is, after all, detachment from human troubles and problems. On their prosperous path of life there should be no obstacles. And in Belikovsky's "no matter how it happens" we see only an indifferent attitude to the problems of other people. The spiritual impoverishment of these heroes is obvious. And they are not intellectuals at all, but simply - philistines, townsfolk who imagine themselves to be "masters of life."

8) The problem of friendship, comradely duty.

Front-line service is an almost legendary expression; there is no doubt that there is no stronger and more devoted friendship between people. There are many literary examples of this. In Gogol's story "Taras Bulba" one of the characters exclaims: "There are no bonds brighter than comrades!" But most often this topic was revealed in the literature about the Great Patriotic War. In B. Vasiliev's story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet…”, both the anti-aircraft gunners and Captain Vaskov live according to the laws of mutual assistance, responsibility for each other. In K. Simonov's novel The Living and the Dead, Captain Sintsov carries a wounded comrade out of the battlefield.

9) The problem of scientific progress.

In M. Bulgakov's story, Doctor Preobrazhensky turns a dog into a man. Scientists are driven by a thirst for knowledge, the desire to change nature. But sometimes progress turns into terrible consequences: a two-legged creature with a "dog's heart" is not yet a person, because there is no soul in him, no love, honor, nobility.

The press reported that very soon there will be an elixir of immortality. Death will be finally defeated. But for many people, this news did not cause a surge of joy; on the contrary, anxiety intensified. What will this immortality mean for a person?

10) The problem of the patriarchal rural way of life. The problem of charm, morally healthy beauty

village life.

In Russian literature, the theme of the village and the theme of the motherland were often combined. Rural life has always been perceived as the most serene, natural. One of the first to express this idea was Pushkin, who called the village his office. ON THE. Nekrasov in a poem and poems drew the reader's attention not only to the poverty of peasant huts, but also to how friendly peasant families are, how hospitable Russian women are. A lot is said about the originality of the farmstead way of life in Sholokhov's epic novel "Quiet Flows the Don". In Rasputin's story "Farewell to Matyora", the ancient village is endowed with historical memory, the loss of which is tantamount to death for the inhabitants.

11) Labor problem. The pleasure of meaningful activity.

The theme of labor has been repeatedly developed in Russian classical and modern literature. As an example, it is enough to recall the novel by I.A. Goncharov “Oblomov”. The hero of this work, Andrei Stoltz, sees the meaning of life not as a result of labor, but in the process itself. We see a similar example in Solzhenitsyn's story "Matryonin's Dvor". His heroine does not perceive forced labor as a punishment, punishment - she treats work as an integral part of existence.

12) The problem of the influence of laziness on a person.

Chekhov's essay "My" she "lists all the terrible consequences of the influence of laziness on people.

13) The problem of the future of Russia.

The topic of the future of Russia was touched upon by many poets and writers. For example, Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol in a lyrical digression of the poem "Dead Souls" compares Russia with "a lively, irrepressible troika". “Rus, where are you going?” he asks. But the author has no answer to the question. The poet Eduard Asadov in the poem “Russia did not begin with a sword” writes: “The dawn rises, bright and hot. And it will be so forever indestructible. Russia did not begin with a sword, and therefore it is invincible! He is sure that a great future awaits Russia, and nothing can stop it.

14) The problem of the influence of art on man.

Scientists and psychologists have long argued that music can have a different effect on the nervous system, on the tone of a person. It is generally accepted that the works of Bach increase and develop the intellect. Beethoven's music awakens compassion, cleanses a person's thoughts and feelings of negativity. Schumann helps to understand the soul of a child.

Dmitri Shostakovich's Seventh Symphony has the subtitle "Leningradskaya". But the name "Legendary" suits her better. The fact is that when the Nazis besieged Leningrad, the inhabitants of the city had a huge impact on the 7th symphony of Dmitry Shostakovich, which, as eyewitnesses testify, gave people new strength to fight the enemy.

15) The problem of anticulture.

This problem is relevant even today. Now there is a dominance of “soap operas” on television, which significantly reduce the level of our culture. Literature is another example. Well the theme of "deculturation" is revealed in the novel "The Master and Margarita". MASSOLIT employees write bad works and at the same time dine in restaurants and have dachas. They are admired and their literature revered.

16) The problem of modern television.

For a long time, a gang operated in Moscow, which was distinguished by particular cruelty. When the criminals were captured, they admitted that their behavior, their attitude to the world was greatly influenced by the American film Natural Born Killers, which they watched almost every day. They tried to copy the habits of the heroes of this picture in real life.

Many modern athletes watched TV when they were children and wanted to be like the athletes of their time. Through television broadcasts, they got acquainted with the sport and its heroes. Of course, there are also reverse cases, when a person became addicted to the TV, and he had to be treated in special clinics.

17) The problem of clogging the Russian language.

I believe that the use of foreign words in the native language is justified only if there is no equivalent. Many of our writers struggled with the clogging of the Russian language with borrowings. M. Gorky pointed out: “It makes it difficult for our reader to stick foreign words into a Russian phrase. It makes no sense to write concentration when we have our own good word - condensation.

Admiral A.S. Shishkov, who for some time held the post of Minister of Education, proposed replacing the word fountain with a clumsy synonym he invented - a water cannon. Practicing in word creation, he invented replacements for borrowed words: he suggested speaking instead of alley - prosad, billiards - ball rolling, replacing the cue with balls, and calling the library a bookkeeper. To replace the word he did not like galoshes, he came up with another - wet shoes. Such concern for the purity of the language can cause nothing but laughter and irritation of contemporaries.

18) The problem of destruction of natural resources.

If the press began to write about the misfortune threatening humanity only in the last ten or fifteen years, then Ch. Aitmatov spoke about this problem back in the 70s in his story “After the Fairy Tale” (“The White Steamboat”). He showed the destructiveness, the hopelessness of the path, if a person destroys nature. It takes revenge by degeneration, lack of spirituality. The same theme is continued by the writer in his subsequent works: “And the day lasts longer than a century” (“Stormy Station”), “Blach”, “Cassandra's Brand”.
A particularly strong feeling is produced by the novel "The Scaffold". Using the example of a wolf family, the author showed the death of wildlife from human economic activity. And how scary it becomes when you see that, when compared with a person, predators look more humane and “humane” than the “crown of creation”. So for the sake of what good in the future does a person bring his children to the chopping block?

19) Imposing your opinion on others.

Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov. “A lake, a cloud, a tower…” The protagonist, Vasily Ivanovich, is a modest office worker who won a pleasure trip to nature.

20) The theme of war in literature.

Very often, congratulating our friends or relatives, we wish them a peaceful sky over their heads. We do not want their families to be subjected to the hardships of the war. War! These five letters carry a sea of ​​blood, tears, suffering, and most importantly, the death of people dear to our hearts. There have always been wars on our planet. The pain of loss has always filled the hearts of people. From everywhere where there is a war, you can hear the groans of mothers, the crying of children and deafening explosions that tear our souls and hearts. To our great happiness, we know about the war only from feature films and literary works.
A lot of trials of the war fell on the lot of our country. At the beginning of the 19th century, Russia was shaken by the Patriotic War of 1812. The patriotic spirit of the Russian people was shown by L. N. Tolstoy in his epic novel War and Peace. The guerrilla war, the Battle of Borodino - all this and much more appears before our eyes. We are witnessing the terrible everyday life of the war. Tolstoy tells that for many the war has become the most common thing. They (for example, Tushin) perform heroic deeds on the battlefields, but they themselves do not notice this. For them, war is a job that they must do in good faith. But war can become commonplace not only on the battlefield. An entire city can get used to the idea of ​​war and go on living resigned to it. Such a city in 1855 was Sevastopol. L. N. Tolstoy narrates about the difficult months of the defense of Sevastopol in his “Sevastopol stories”. Here, the events taking place are described especially reliably, since Tolstoy is their eyewitness. And after what he saw and heard in a city full of blood and pain, he set himself a definite goal - to tell his reader only the truth - and nothing but the truth. The bombardment of the city did not stop. New and new fortifications were required. Sailors, soldiers worked in the snow, rain, half-starved, half-dressed, but they still worked. And here everyone is simply amazed by the courage of their spirit, willpower, great patriotism. Together with them, their wives, mothers, and children lived in this city. They got so used to the situation in the city that they no longer paid attention to either the shots or the explosions. Very often they brought meals to their husbands right in the bastions, and one shell could often destroy the whole family. Tolstoy shows us that the worst thing in the war takes place in the hospital: “You will see doctors there with their hands bloodied to the elbows ... busy near the bed, on which, with open eyes and speaking, as if in delirium, meaningless, sometimes simple and touching words, lies wounded under the influence of chloroform. War for Tolstoy is dirt, pain, violence, whatever goals it pursues: “... you will see the war not in the correct, beautiful and brilliant order, with music and drumming, with waving banners and prancing generals, but you will see the war in its present expression - in blood, in suffering, in death ... ”The heroic defense of Sevastopol in 1854-1855 once again shows everyone how much the Russian people love their Motherland and how boldly they defend it. Sparing no effort, using any means, he (the Russian people) does not allow the enemy to seize their native land.
In 1941-1942, the defense of Sevastopol will be repeated. But it will be another Great Patriotic War - 1941-1945. In this war against fascism, the Soviet people will accomplish an extraordinary feat, which we will always remember. M. Sholokhov, K. Simonov, B. Vasiliev and many other writers devoted their works to the events of the Great Patriotic War. This difficult time is also characterized by the fact that women fought on an equal footing with men in the ranks of the Red Army. And even the fact that they are representatives of the weaker sex did not stop them. They struggled with fear within themselves and performed such heroic deeds, which, it seemed, were completely unusual for women. It is about such women that we learn from the pages of B. Vasilyev’s story “The Dawns Here Are Quiet…”. Five girls and their combat commander F. Baskov find themselves on the Sinyukhina Ridge with sixteen fascists who are heading for the railroad, absolutely sure that no one knows about the course of their operation. Our fighters found themselves in a difficult situation: it is impossible to retreat, but to stay, because the Germans serve them like seeds. But there is no way out! Behind the Motherland! And now these girls perform a fearless feat. At the cost of their lives, they stop the enemy and prevent him from carrying out his terrible plans. And how carefree was the life of these girls before the war?! They studied, worked, enjoyed life. And suddenly! Planes, tanks, cannons, shots, screams, groans... But they did not break down and gave the most precious thing they had - their lives - for the victory. They gave their lives for their country.

But there is a civil war on earth, in which a person can give his life without knowing why. 1918 Russia. Brother kills brother, father kills son, son kills father. Everything is mixed up in the fire of malice, everything is depreciated: love, kinship, human life. M. Tsvetaeva writes: Brothers, here is the extreme rate! For the third year already, Abel has been fighting with Cain ...
People become weapons in the hands of the authorities. Breaking into two camps, friends become enemies, relatives become forever strangers. I. Babel, A. Fadeev and many others tell about this difficult time.
I. Babel served in the ranks of the First Cavalry Army of Budyonny. There he kept his diary, which later turned into the now famous work “Cavalry”. The stories of Cavalry tell about a man who found himself in the fire of the Civil War. The main character Lyutov tells us about individual episodes of the campaign of the First Cavalry Army of Budyonny, which was famous for its victories. But on the pages of stories we do not feel the victorious spirit. We see the cruelty of the Red Army, their cold-bloodedness and indifference. They can kill an old Jew without the slightest hesitation, but, what is more terrible, they can finish off their wounded comrade without a second's hesitation. But what is all this for? I. Babel did not give an answer to this question. He leaves his reader the right to speculate.
The theme of war in Russian literature has been and remains relevant. Writers try to convey to readers the whole truth, whatever it may be.

From the pages of their works, we learn that war is not only the joy of victories and the bitterness of defeat, but war is a harsh everyday life filled with blood, pain, and violence. The memory of these days will live in our memory forever. Perhaps the day will come when the groans and cries of mothers, volleys and shots will subside on earth, when our earth will meet the day without war!

The turning point in the Great Patriotic War occurred during the Battle of Stalingrad, when “a Russian soldier was ready to tear a bone from a skeleton and go against a fascist with it” (A. Platonov). The unity of the people in the “time of grief”, their steadfastness, courage, daily heroism - this is the true reason for victory. In the novel Y. Bondareva "Hot snow" the most tragic moments of the war are reflected, when Manstein's brutalized tanks rush to the group surrounded in Stalingrad. Young gunners, yesterday's boys, are holding back the onslaught of the Nazis with superhuman efforts. The sky was blood-smoked, the snow melted from bullets, the ground burned under their feet, but the Russian soldier survived - he did not allow the tanks to break through. For this feat, General Bessonov, defying all conventions, without award papers, presents orders and medals to the remaining soldiers. “What can I do, what can I do…” he says bitterly, approaching another soldier. The general could, but the authorities? Why does the state remember the people only in tragic moments of history?

The problem of the moral strength of a simple soldier

The bearer of folk morality in the war is, for example, Valega, the orderly of Lieutenant Kerzhentsev from the story V. Nekrasov "In the trenches of Stalingrad". He is barely literate, confuses the multiplication table, will not really explain what socialism is, but for his homeland, for his comrades, for a rickety hut in Altai, for Stalin, whom he has never seen, he will fight to the last bullet. And the cartridges will run out - fists, teeth. Sitting in a trench, he will scold the foreman more than the Germans. And it will come to the point - he will show these Germans where the crayfish hibernate.

The expression "people's character" most of all corresponds to Valega. He went to war as a volunteer, quickly adapted to the hardships of war, because his peaceful peasant life was not honey either. In between fights, he does not sit idle for a minute. He knows how to cut, shave, mend boots, build a fire in the pouring rain, darn socks. Can catch fish, pick berries, mushrooms. And he does everything silently, quietly. A simple peasant boy who is only eighteen years old. Kerzhentsev is sure that such a soldier as Valega will never betray, will not leave the wounded on the battlefield and will beat the enemy mercilessly.

The problem of the heroic everyday life of war

The heroic everyday life of war is an oxymoron metaphor that unites the incompatible. War ceases to seem like something out of the ordinary. Get used to death. Only sometimes it will amaze with its suddenness. There is an episode V. Nekrasov ("In the trenches of Stalingrad"): the dead soldier lies on his back, arms outstretched, and a smoking cigarette butt stuck to his lip. A minute ago there was still life, thoughts, desires, now - death. And to see this for the hero of the novel is simply unbearable ...

But even in war, soldiers do not live by “a single bullet”: in their short hours of rest, they sing, write letters, and even read. As for the heroes of In the Trenches of Stalingrad, Karnaukhov is read by Jack London, the division commander also loves Martin Eden, someone draws, someone writes poetry. The Volga is foaming from shells and bombs, and the people on the shore do not change their spiritual predilections. Perhaps that is why the Nazis did not succeed in crushing them, throwing them back across the Volga, and drying up their souls and minds.

21) The theme of the Motherland in literature.

Lermontov in the poem "Motherland" says that he loves his native land, but cannot explain why and why.

It is impossible not to start with such a great monument of ancient Russian literature as "The Tale of Igor's Campaign". To the Russian land as a whole, to the Russian people, all the thoughts, all the feelings of the author of the “Word…” are addressed. He speaks about the vast expanses of his Motherland, about its rivers, mountains, steppes, cities, villages. But the Russian land for the author of “Words…” is not only Russian nature and Russian cities. This is primarily the Russian people. Narrating about the campaign of Igor, the author does not forget about the Russian people. Igor undertook a campaign against the Polovtsy “for the Russian land”. His warriors are “Rusichi”, Russian sons. Crossing the border of Russia, they say goodbye to their homeland, to the Russian land, and the author exclaims: “O Russian land! You're over the hill."
In a friendly message "To Chaadaev" the fiery appeal of the poet to the Motherland to dedicate "the souls of beautiful impulses" sounds.

22) The theme of nature and man in Russian literature.

The modern writer V. Rasputin argued: “To speak today about ecology means to speak not about changing life, but about saving it.” Unfortunately, the state of our ecology is very catastrophic. This is manifested in the depletion of flora and fauna. Further, the author says that “there is a gradual addiction to danger”, that is, a person does not notice how serious the current situation is. Let us recall the problem connected with the Aral Sea. The bottom of the Aral Sea was so bare that the coast from the seaports went for tens of kilometers. The climate has changed dramatically, the extinction of animals has occurred. All these troubles have greatly affected the lives of people living in the Aral Sea. Over the past two decades, the Aral Sea has lost half of its volume and more than a third of its area. The bare bottom of a huge area turned into a desert, which became known as Aralkum. In addition, the Aral contains millions of tons of poisonous salts. This problem cannot but excite people. In the eighties, expeditions were organized to solve the problems and causes of the death of the Aral Sea. Doctors, scientists, writers reflected and researched the materials of these expeditions.

V. Rasputin in the article "In the fate of nature - our fate" reflects on the relationship of man with the environment. “Today there is no need to guess, “whose moan is heard over the great Russian river.” Then the Volga itself groans, dug up and down, constricted by hydroelectric dams, ”the author writes. Looking at the Volga, you especially understand the price of our civilization, that is, the benefits that man has created for himself. It seems that everything that was possible has been defeated, even the future of mankind.

The problem of the relationship between a person and the environment is also raised by the modern writer Ch. Aitmatov in his work “The block”. He showed how a man destroys the colorful world of nature with his own hands.

The novel begins with a description of the life of a wolf pack, which lives quietly until the appearance of man. He literally demolishes and destroys everything in his path, not thinking about the surrounding nature. The reason for such cruelty was only the difficulties with the meat delivery plan. People mocked the saigas: “Fear reached such proportions that the she-wolf Akbara, deaf from the shots, thought that the whole world was deaf, and the sun itself was also rushing about and looking for salvation ...” Akbara’s children die in this tragedy, but her grief does not end there . Further, the author writes that people started a fire in which five more Akbara wolf cubs die. For the sake of their goals, people could “gut the globe like a pumpkin”, not suspecting that nature would also take revenge on them sooner or later. A lonely she-wolf reaches out to people, wants to transfer her maternal love to a human child. It turned out to be a tragedy, but this time for the people. A man in a fit of fear and hatred for the incomprehensible behavior of a she-wolf shoots at her, but hits his own son.

This example speaks of the barbaric attitude of people to nature, to everything that surrounds us. I wish there were more caring and kind people in our lives.

Academician D. Likhachev wrote: “Humanity spends billions not only not to suffocate, not to die, but also to preserve the nature around us.” Of course, everyone is well aware of the healing power of nature. I think that a person should become both its owner, and its protector, and its smart transformer. Beloved unhurried river, birch grove, restless bird world ... We will not harm them, but we will try to protect them.

In this century, man is actively invading the natural processes of the Earth's shells: extracting millions of tons of minerals, destroying thousands of hectares of forests, polluting the waters of seas and rivers, and emitting toxic substances into the atmosphere. Water pollution has become one of the most important environmental problems of the century. A sharp deterioration in the quality of water in rivers and lakes cannot and will not affect people's health, especially in areas with a dense population. The environmental consequences of accidents at nuclear power plants are sad. The echo of Chernobyl swept through the entire European part of Russia, and will affect people's health for a long time to come.

Thus, as a result of economic activity, a person causes great damage to nature, and at the same time to his health. How then can a person build his relationship with nature? Each person in his activity should carefully treat all life on Earth, not tear himself away from nature, not strive to rise above it, but remember that he is part of it.

23) The individual and the state.

Zamyatin “We” people are numbers. We only had 2 free hours.

The problem of the artist and power

The problem of the artist and power in Russian literature is perhaps one of the most painful. It is marked by a special tragedy in the history of literature of the twentieth century. A. Akhmatova, M. Tsvetaeva, O. Mandelstam, M. Bulgakov, B. Pasternak, M. Zoshchenko, A. Solzhenitsyn (the list can be continued) - each of them felt the “care” of the state, and each reflected it in his work. One Zhdanov decree of August 14, 1946 could have crossed out the writer's biography of A. Akhmatova and M. Zoshchenko. B. Pasternak created the novel "Doctor Zhivago" during the period of severe government pressure on the writer, during the struggle against cosmopolitanism. The persecution of the writer resumed with particular force after he was awarded the Nobel Prize for the novel. The Union of Writers expelled Pasternak from its ranks, presenting him as an internal emigrant, a person who discredits the worthy title of a Soviet writer. And this is for the fact that the poet told the people the truth about the tragic fate of the Russian intellectual, doctor, poet Yuri Zhivago.

Creativity is the only way of immortality of the creator. “For power, for livery, do not bend either conscience, or thoughts, or neck” - this is a testament A.S. Pushkin ("From Pindemonti") became decisive in choosing the creative path of true artists.

The problem of emigration

The feeling of bitterness does not leave when people leave their homeland. Some are forcibly expelled, others leave on their own due to some circumstances, but not one of them forgets his Fatherland, the house where he was born, his native land. There are, for example, I.A. Bunin story "Mowers" written in 1921. This story, it would seem, is about an insignificant event: the Ryazan mowers who came to the Oryol region are walking in a birch forest, mow and sing. But it was in this insignificant moment that Bunin managed to discern the immeasurable and distant, connected with all of Russia. The small space of the narrative is filled with radiant light, wonderful sounds and viscous smells, and the result is not a story, but a bright lake, some kind of Svetloyar, in which all of Russia is reflected. Not without reason, during the reading of "Kostsov" by Bunin in Paris at a literary evening (there were two hundred people), according to the memoirs of the writer's wife, many cried. It was a cry for the lost Russia, a nostalgic feeling for the Motherland. Bunin lived in exile most of his life, but wrote only about Russia.

third wave emigrant S.Dovlatov, leaving the USSR, he took with him the only suitcase, “old, plywood, covered with cloth, tied with a clothesline,” - he went with him to the pioneer camp. There were no treasures in it: a double-breasted suit lay on top, a poplin shirt underneath, then, in turn, a winter hat, Finnish crepe socks, driver's gloves and an officer's belt. These things became the basis for short stories, memories of the homeland. They have no material value, they are signs of a priceless, absurd in their own way, but the only life. Eight things - eight stories, and each - a kind of report on the past Soviet life. A life that will remain forever with the emigrant Dovlatov.

The problem of the intelligentsia

According to academician D.S. Likhachev, "the basic principle of intelligence is intellectual freedom, freedom as a moral category." An intelligent person is not free only from his conscience. The title of an intellectual in Russian literature is deservedly carried by heroes Boris Pasternak (Doctor Zhivago) and Y. Dombrovsky ("Faculty of unnecessary things"). Neither Zhivago nor Zybin compromised with their own conscience. They do not accept violence in any manifestation, be it the Civil War or Stalin's repressions. There is another type of Russian intellectual who betrays this high title. One of them is the hero of the story Y. Trifonova "Exchange" Dmitriev. His mother is seriously ill, his wife offers to exchange two rooms for a separate apartment, although the relationship between the daughter-in-law and mother-in-law was not in the best way. Dmitriev is initially indignant, criticizing his wife for lack of spirituality, philistinism, but then agrees with her, believing that she is right. There are more and more things in the apartment, food, expensive headsets: the density of everyday life is growing, things are replacing spiritual life. In this regard, another work comes to mind - "Suitcase" by S. Dovlatov. Most likely, the “suitcase” with rags taken by the journalist S. Dovlatov to America would have caused Dmitriev and his wife only a feeling of disgust. At the same time, for the hero Dovlatov, things have no material value, they are a reminder of past youth, friends, and creative searches.

24) The problem of fathers and children.

The problem of difficult relationships between parents and children is reflected in the literature. L.N. Tolstoy, I.S. Turgenev, and A.S. Pushkin wrote about this. I want to turn to A. Vampilov's play "The Elder Son", where the author shows the attitude of children towards their father. Both the son and the daughter frankly consider their father a loser, an eccentric, they are indifferent to his experiences and feelings. The father silently endures everything, finds excuses for all the ungrateful deeds of the children, asks them only one thing: not to leave him alone. The protagonist of the play sees how someone else's family is being destroyed before his eyes, and sincerely tries to help the kindest man-father. His intervention helps to survive a difficult period in the relationship of children to a loved one.

25) Quarrel problem. Human enmity.

In Pushkin's story "Dubrovsky", a casually thrown word led to enmity and many troubles for former neighbors. In Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, the family feud ended in the death of the main characters.

“The Word of Igor's Campaign” Svyatoslav utters the “golden word”, condemning Igor and Vsevolod, who violated feudal obedience, which led to a new attack of the Polovtsy on Russian lands.

26) Caring for the beauty of the native land.

In Vasiliev's novel "Don't Shoot White Swans", the modest blunderer Yegor Polushkin almost dies at the hands of poachers. The protection of nature has become for him a vocation and the meaning of life.

A lot of work is being done in Yasnaya Polyana with only one goal - to make this place one of the most beautiful and comfortable.

27) Parental love.

In Turgenev's prose poem "Sparrow" we see the heroic deed of a bird. Trying to protect the offspring, the sparrow rushed into battle against the dog.

Also in Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons", Bazarov's parents most of all want to be with their son.

28) A responsibility. Rash acts.

In Chekhov's play The Cherry Orchard, Lyubov Andreevna lost her estate because all her life she was careless about money and work.

The fire in Perm occurred due to the rash actions of the organizers of the fireworks, the irresponsibility of the management, the negligence of fire safety inspectors. The result is the death of many people.

The essay “Ants” by A. Morua tells how a young woman bought an anthill. But she forgot to feed its inhabitants, although they needed only one drop of honey a month.

29) About simple things. The theme of happiness.

There are people who do not require anything special from their lives and spend it (life) uselessly and boringly. One of these people is Ilya Ilyich Oblomov.

In Pushkin's novel "Eugene Onegin" the protagonist has everything for life. Wealth, education, position in society and the opportunity to realize any of your dreams. But he is bored. Nothing touches him, nothing pleases him. He does not know how to appreciate simple things: friendship, sincerity, love. I think that's why he's unhappy.

Volkov’s essay “On Simple Things” raises a similar problem: a person needs not so much to be happy.

30) Riches of the Russian language.

If you do not use the wealth of the Russian language, you can become like Ellochka Schukina from the work “The Twelve Chairs” by I. Ilf and E. Petrov. She got by with thirty words.

In Fonvizin's comedy "Undergrowth" Mitrofanushka did not know Russian at all.

31) Unscrupulousness.

Chekhov's essay “Gone” tells about a woman who completely changes her principles in one minute.

She tells her husband that she will leave him if he commits even one mean act. Then the husband explained to his wife in detail why their family lives so richly. The heroine of the text “left ... to another room. For her, living beautifully and richly was more important than deceiving her husband, although she says quite the opposite.

There is also no clear position in Chekhov's story "Chameleon" by the police overseer Ochumelov. He wants to punish the owner of the dog that bit Khryukin's finger. After Ochumelov finds out that the possible owner of the dog is General Zhigalov, all his determination disappears.

The problem of language ecology ( Why is it necessary to take emergency measures to preserve and maintain the purity and correctness of Russian speech?).

12. Compassion for others.

The problem of whether or not a person has the ability to empathize ( How does the ability to empathize, or lack thereof, affect a person's life? Is it necessary to cultivate a sense of compassion in a person?);

The Problem of Effective Compassion What should true compassion be?);

The problem of human indifference ( Can a person afford to be indifferent and not sympathize with others?).

Man and War.

The problem of man's attitude to war ( Why can't human consciousness accept the very fact of war?);

The problem of the state of mind of a person in war conditions ( How do military events and the human tragedies associated with them affect the state of mind of people, their ability to sympathize?);

The problem of human behavior in war ( How did war make a person behave?);

The problem of heroism and resilience in the face of severe military trials ( What makes ordinary people courageous and steadfast during the war years?);

The problem of the manifestation of humanism in difficult military conditions ( Is there a place for humanism in the difficult conditions of wartime?).

Meaning of life.

The problem of finding the meaning of life What is the meaning of human life?).

Knowledge of the world.

The problem of determining the goals of the learning process ( What is the purpose of teaching? What should knowledge serve?).

Remember!

The problem of the role (SOMETHING or SOMEONE) in a person's life

The problem of influence (SOMETHING or SOMEONE) on a person

The problem of repression (SOMETHING) (SOMETHING)

The problem of perception (SOMETHING) (SOMEONE)

The problem of manifestation of (SOMETHING) (IN SOME CONDITIONS)

Consider, how the student's formulation of one of the problems of the source text is evaluated in the criteria for checking and evaluating a task with a detailed answer to the USE in the RUSSIAN LANGUAGE.

If you do not specify a problem or incorrectly formulate, then you can lose 8 points. There will be a reduction according to the following criteria:

K1 - 1 point, K2 - 3 points, K3 - 1 point, K4 - 3 points.

Avoid typical mistakes which are often allowed wording of the problem chosen for commenting:

1) Remember that terms "problem" and "topic" are not synonyms.

Therefore, it is impossible, implying a problem, to use the word “topic” instead of the word “problem” in the essay: experts, when checking your essay, qualify such a non-distinguishment of terms as a factual error in the background material and remove one point according to criterion K12:

Topic(from Greek thema) - this is what the author writes about, which is the basis of the description
research, images, research, discussions.

The problem (from the Greek. 7gr6rAtzia) is a complex issue that requires study and a serious solution. This is a contradiction or conflict that needs to be resolved between certain phenomena, concepts, points of view.

Of course, the theme and the problem are closely related. Suppose, referring to the theme of a young man growing up, to the theme of adolescence, the author raises the problem of the moral development of a person in his youth. However, the terms “problem” and “theme” are not synonymous, even contextual ones.

2) Consider the fact that several problems can be touched upon in the text, while it is enough to identify only one and work with it, and not formulate all the problems and then comment on each of them.

Training for the section "We formulate the problem"

Task number 1.

Formulate the problems that the author of the text raises. Write two options for the formulation of each problem: in the form of a narrative and in the form of interrogative sentences.

Compare the received fragments of the essay with those offered in the key.

The bell rang when Andrei Petrovich had lost all hope.

Hello, I'm on the ad. Do you give literature lessons?

Andrei Petrovich peered into the screen of the videophone. A man in his thirties. Strictly dressed - suit, tie. He smiles, but his eyes are serious. Andrei Petrovich's heart skipped a beat, he posted the ad on the net only out of habit. There were six calls in ten years. Three got the wrong number, two more turned out to be old-fashioned insurance agents, and one mixed up the literature with the ligature.

I give lessons, - Andrey Petrovich stammered from excitement. - At home. Are you interested in literature?

Interested, - nodded the interlocutor. - My name is Maxim. Let's start tomorrow. Will ten in the morning suit you? By nine I take the children to school, and then I am free until two. I write down the address.

That night Andrey Petrovich did not sleep, walked around the tiny room, almost a cell, not knowing what to do with his shaking hands. For twelve years now he had been living on a beggarly allowance. Ever since the day he was fired.

You are too narrow a specialist, - then, hiding his eyes, the director of the lyceum for children with humanitarian inclinations said. - We appreciate you as an experienced teacher, but, alas, no one needs your subject - literature.

Andrei Petrovich could not find a new job, literature remained in a few educational institutions, the last libraries were closed, philologists one after another retrained in all sorts of things.

Savings quickly ran out, and Andrei Petrovich had to tighten his belt. Then sell the air car, old but reliable. An antique service left over from my mother. And then it was the turn of the books. Ancient, thick, paper. Collectors gave good money for rarities, so Count Tolstoy fed for a whole month. Dostoevsky - two weeks. Bunin - one and a half.

As a result, Andrei Petrovich had half a hundred books left - his most beloved, re-read a dozen times, those with which he could not part. Remarque, Hemingway, Marquez, Bulgakov, Brodsky, Pasternak... Books stood on a bookcase, occupying four shelves, Andrei Petrovich wiped dust from the spines every day.

“If this guy, Maxim,” Andrey Petrovich thought randomly, nervously pacing from wall to wall, “if he ... Then, perhaps, it will be possible to buy Balmont back.”

Maxim rang the doorbell at exactly ten, to the minute.

Come in, - Andrey Petrovich began to fuss. - Have a seat. As you know, literature has not been taught in schools for almost a hundred years. You see, the crisis began at the end of the twentieth century. There was no time to read. First to the children, then the children grew up, and there was no time for their children to read. Even more once than parents. Other pleasures appeared - mostly virtual ones. And, of course, technology.

Andrei Petrovich fell silent, wiped his suddenly sweaty forehead with his hand.

It’s not easy for me to talk about this,” he said at last. - Literature died because it did not get along with progress. But here are the children, you understand... Children! Literature was what molded minds. Especially poetry. That which determined the inner world of man, his spirituality. Children grow up spiritualless, that's what's scary, that's what's terrible, Maxim!

I myself came to this conclusion, Andrey Petrovich. And that is why I turned to you.

The day changed into a new one. Andrei Petrovich perked up, awakened to a life in which meaning suddenly appeared. Andrei Petrovich never ceased to be surprised how Maxim, at first deaf to the word, not perceiving, not feeling the harmony embedded in the language, comprehended it every day and learned it better, deeper than the previous one.

One day, on Wednesday, Maxim did not come. By evening Andrey Petrovich could no longer find a place for himself, and at night he never closed his eyes.

The next few days passed like one bad dream. Maxim did not come. Even his favorite books did not save him from acute longing and the reappeared feeling of his own worthlessness, which Andrei Petrovich did not remember for a year and a half.

Something made Andrey Petrovich go online and scroll through the news feed.

My heart suddenly skipped a beat. Maxim looked from the photo, the lines of italics under the picture blurred before his eyes.

“Home robot tutor, DRG-439K series,” Andrey Petrovich read from the screen with difficulty focusing his vision, “a defect in the control program. He stated that he independently came to the conclusion about the childish lack of spirituality, with which he decided to fight. Arbitrarily taught children subjects outside the school curriculum. He hid his activities from the owners. Withdrawn from circulation ... In fact, disposed of ... The public is concerned about the manifestation ... ".

Andrei Petrovich got up. On shaky legs, he walked into the kitchen. His knees gave out and he sank heavily to the floor.

“Down with the cat,” came the final thought. - All down the drain. All this time he trained the robot. Soulless, defective piece of iron. He put everything he has into it. Everything that is worth living for. Everything he lived for." (According to M. Gelprin)

Mike Gelprin(b. 1961) is a science fiction writer based in New York. Widely known is his story "The Candle Burned", published in the tenth issue (October) of the magazine "World of Fiction" in 2011.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Task number 2.

Correct spelling and grammatical errors made in the formulation of the problem raised by the author of the original text. Write down the correct sentence construction.

1) In the text according to K.G. Paustovsky describes the problem of the influence of music on the way a person thinks and feels. - ________

2) The problem with this text is that a person has always had a craving for knowledge of the world around him. -

3) The text of the publicist Maslov Ilya Alexandrovich reveals the problem of finding ways of understanding between people of different age generations. - _______________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

4) The problem of human indifference, which is described in the text of Sergey Lvovich Lvov, is very relevant and therefore I have chosen it for comments. - ______________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

6) What is the importance of a book in a person's life? This is the problem presented in this text. - _____

______________________________________________________________________________________

7) In the text according to V. Niklyaev, the problem of the lack of the ability to joyfully perceive the world around is touched upon. - ________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

8) What impact does the Internet have on young people? It is this complex problem that the text proposed for composition is devoted to. - ________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

9) What is the benefit of reading in enriching the horizons of a person? This question interests the author of the text proposed for analysis. - __________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

10) The problem of attitude towards the elderly is touched upon in his text by the writer of Russian classics K.G. Paustovsky. - ________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

In the beginning was the Word...

Yes, there are words that burn like a flame

That shine far and deep - to the bottom,

But their substitution with words

Change can be...

A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"

Remember what it says in the Bible? In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.

It was in the beginning with God! Everything came into being through Him, and without Him nothing came into being that came into being. In Him was life, and the life was the light of men. And people were like God - they knew how to create with a word, because all words, all sounds are connected with nature, came out of nature and carried a creative, divine meaning.

It is this Divine gift - the gift of speech - that we differ from animals, we are able to exchange thoughts, we are able to communicate at the highest level.And the word has great power. A word can kill, but it can also give hope, faith to a person. Proverbs have been compiled about the word among the people: “The word is not a sparrow, it will fly out - you won’t catch it”, “What is written with a pen cannot be cut down with an axe”.

We have learned to put our words on paper. And this new unique gift was shared with us by the Slavic enlighteners Cyril and his brother Methodius. In 863 Cyril created the Slavic alphabet, with the help of which both brothers translated the main liturgical books into Slavonic. In ancient times, the Slavs had two writing systems - "Cyrillic", named after Cyril, and "Glagolitic". And our language is always in constant development. Over time, changes occur in society, which are reflected in the language. A great work in the field of language reforms was carried out by the famous Russian scientist M.V. Lomonosov. He simplified the language, making it more accessible, close and understandable to a wide range of readers. Work in this area was continued by our classics: G.R. Derzhavin, V.A. Zhukovsky, A.S. Pushkin...

And in order to give our speech a touch of intelligence, we increasingly (absolutely inappropriate!) Useas if . The explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov (p. 250, M.1999) says thatas if is 1. a particle expressing approximate similarity, similarity; 2. is a union expressing comparison.

And we: "I as if decided to write a project…” (did you decide or not?). And in the sports news (“Vesti-Perm”) it sounds absurd in general: “... juniors andas if… women.".

And the speech of the head of state? “... how much you can be stupid ...”, “... As soon as it reaches the president, then only the ministers begin to itch” ... Is this permissible? Carelessness in words, carelessness in speech is carelessness towards the one who listens, it is carelessness towards a person.

And all this pours on us from blue screens, we hear this in the speech of the interlocutor. You just listen, listen more carefully ... and peer ... at least just look at the one you greet.

After all, we are villagers, we grew up on living land, nature itself bequeathed to us to be more sincere, kinder, more friendly than those who grew up among asphalt and concrete. But what happens to us? When meeting with a fellow villager, we look him in the face, in the eyes and affably say: “Hello!”? No. Most often, we run with our noses to the ground and throw, rattle with sounds: "Hello ...". And you won’t understand at the same time, either they growled, or they wished good health. What respect for the word, for the person is here ... Yes, and the person himself is already becoming only a functional unit, and you yourself are convinced of this at every step.

And the word only reflects the state in which we found ourselves, the people turned out to be. After all, you hear in the speech of executives, television and radio announcers (for example, they “sin” a lot about this in the TV show “Let them talk!”): “... thische-ek(not HUMAN !) did a lot for our city, region…”, “…eachche-eka their problems..."

Yes, everyone has their own problems. But still there is one common problem: we must keep our word, our national wealth, then a person will not be lost.

Text essay:

The problem of preserving the correct literary speech, careful attitude to the language is increasingly worrying our writers, journalists, and public figures. Here, in the text of I. Rudenko, the problem of a sensitive attitude to speech is also raised.

The author is concerned that more and more often in our life there is a cynical, shameless advertising that uses vocabulary that “came from the bunk”, and this advertising introduces consumers not so much to the product, but to the lifestyle: easy, irresponsible, indifferent to other people. I. Rudenko is also amazed by everyday examples, when the mother of a crying child tells him: “Killing you is not enough!” What kind of person will grow out of it? Does mom think about it? Of course not! The author draws the reader's attention to how many good, meaningful words have left our vocabulary, how rare it is to hear the words: humane, sensitive, delicate. I would add many others to this list: sensitive, merciful, compassionate, benevolent, generous. Does speech itself show us that these wonderful human qualities are gradually disappearing from our society, and words are disappearing, replaced by “cult”, “elitist”, prestigious, “star”? The journalist is worried not so much about the loss of beautiful Russian words, but about the disappearance of these qualities in people.

Her position is simple: one must be sensitive to the word, one must be sensitive to the person.

I fully agree with her opinion, because speech reflects everything that happens in society, which is why it is so important to preserve it, because the Russian language is our national treasure. It is impossible not to recall the poem of the great Akhmatova, written during the war years:

It's not scary to lie down under the bullets of the dead,
It's not bitter to be homeless,
- And we will save you, Russian speech,
Great Russian word.

But Akhmatova wrote these lines after the terrible autumn of 1941, when she was taken out of besieged Leningrad, where people fell in the streets, dying of hunger, where about a million civilians died! But for them, the dead, it would be terrible to hear modern speech, testifying to the spiritual impoverishment of the nation.

The preservation of speech is the preservation of culture, identity, country, as the wonderful writer Valentin Rasputin believes. He is convinced that the word is not only a part of life, but the last hope for our national existence in the world.

Text by I. Rudenko

What vocabulary is saturated in our speech?

(1) Wow! (2) It turns out that the sounds of a musical trumpet, gentle or creaky-rough, freeze in winter. (3) And when heat comes, they thaw! (4) And then the air itself becomes music. (5) Or cacophony - this is already depending on who played that very magic pipe.

(6) You remembered for sure that this unusual phenomenon was noticed by the writer Raspe in his book about the adventures of Baron Munchausen. (7) In such a peculiar way, he probably wanted to remind us that nothing human disappears without a trace. (8) Even sound. (9) And the word? (10) “You see the air: full face of the host of those who inherited it with their lips before us.” (11) No longer a science fiction writer - the poet claims that the atmosphere surrounding us is filled with the sounds of speech even before us. (12) The air is alive, moving from words.

(13) We, ordinary people, not dreamers and not poets, also know that words, like the sounds of that musical trumpet, can be gentle or squeaky-rough. (14) They can make you thaw or freeze for a long time, if not forever. (15) To inspire or bend to the ground.

(16) Awaken good feelings or appeal to the basest.

(17) Here is a new TV advertisement for a famous store. (18) A nimble seller runs up to a buyer standing in thought: “What are you soaring about? What are you steaming? You need to steam in pairs! ” (19) This is a familiarly cheeky “you”, this is a “steam” that flew off the bunk instead of “thinking”, “experiencing” ... (20) But it has long been noticed: our advertising advertises not so much a product as a way of life. (21) Mom angrily drags a stubborn, sobbing boy of six years old to the entrance. (22) He is moaning something through tears: either some game interesting to him is interrupted, or he wants to return to the store where the toy that struck his imagination was not bought for him. (23) Mom, pulling herself together, squats in front of the baby, patiently explains something, persuades, asks. (24) But tears still flow. (25) And the woman straightens up sharply: “Killing you is not enough!”

(26) Scary. (27) If you think about it. (28) But we don’t think about it, we often say so! (29) For a trifling occasion. (30) As a saying "Kill a little!" (31) And what is not small, what is more? (32) Hang up? (33) Quarter? (34) Put on a stake?

(35) And how often do the words “humane”, “respectful”, “sensitive”, “delicate” sound today? (36) They, like the sounds of that magic pipe, froze. (37) And will they thaw? (38) Instead of “humane”, I read the contemptuous “humanoids” more than once. (39) Instead of "sensitive" - ​​derisive "sensitive". (40) “Delicate”, “delicacy” is generally fit to be entered in dictionaries marked “obsolete”. (41) Like the very concept of "delicacy". (42) Other epithets are in use: “elitist”, “cult”, “prestigious”, “iconic”, “star”. (43) What's there - just "brilliant". (44) Especially on the stage - some geniuses.

(45) They lost, for some reason, giving it a purely ideological meaning, such a kind, capacious word "comrade". (46) And the lines of the poet, known to millions: “Comrade, believe, she will rise, the star of captivating happiness ....” - is it already an anachronism?

linguistic - from a social, moral, and simply human point of view. (51) How I would like to get rid of them. (52) Otherwise, the hour is not even, we will indeed degenerate into some kind of "humanoids". (53) I wish we were all more sensitive to the word. (54) Let's be sensitive to the word, learn to be sensitive to a person. (55) Or not?