Infections of the central nervous system. General provisions An infectious lesion of the central nervous system is always the result of the interaction “guest - host. Presentation section on the topic of infectious diseases Diseases of the central nervous system presentation

... (mumps) Mumps (mumps) - infectious disease, occurring with a predominant lesion of the parotid salivary glands and ... a regimen of at least 10 days. Dysentery dysentery - infectious disease digestive tract, characterized by inflammation of the wall of the large intestine, ...

Infectious diseases with contact mech...

Tetanus (Tetanus) is one of the most severe acute infectious diseases caused by the toxin of the anaerobic pathogen C.tetani. Characterized by... spinal deformity or tetanus kyphosis Chronic non-specific diseases lungs Differential diagnosis of tetanus in the initial ...

Hyperhomocysteinemia Migraine Sleep Apnea Syndrome infectious diseases An increased risk of developing dyscirculatory encephalopathy with ... NINDS-AIREN) Presence of dementia Presence of manifestations of cerebrovascular diseases(anamnestic, clinical, neuroimaging data) The presence of a causal ...

Migrating, they open the gates to pathogenic microflora, contributing to the emergence of various infectious diseases. Immunity has not been studied. Disease symptoms ... changes consistent with allergic and toxic manifestations diseases. Pathological and anatomical changes At autopsy, they note ...

Signs: Incarceration of the penis from the very beginning diseases expressed by the impossibility of self-retraction into the cavity of the prepuce ... inflammatory - diseases spinal cord and its membranes, sacral nerves, lumbago, hemoglobinemia and prepuce vein thrombosis; 5) infectious- influenza...

farms. Medical contraindications: diseases central nervous system, mental; diseases of cardio-vascular system; diseases musculoskeletal system; diseases bronchi, lungs; chronic diseases stomach and intestines; chronic...

"Treatment room" - Mode in the treatment room. Sanitary and anti-epidemic regime. Complex of anti-epidemic measures. Sanitary maintenance of premises. Asepsis. Sanitary and anti-epidemic regime of the treatment room. used syringes. Primary requirements. Amidopyrine test technology.

"History of Medicine" - General. I. General history of medicine. Ancient writing documents. Witch Doctors; Healers; healers; Folk hygiene; Connection with modernity. In primitive society, healing was a collective activity. Tasks of studying the history of medicine. Sections of the history of medicine. Methods of healing in primitive society.

"Medicine in Ancient Egypt" - Gynecological section. Physicians of Egypt. Medicine in Ancient Egypt. Dentistry. Medicine prescriptions. Hesi-ra. Anubis. A patient with a broken leg. Large medical papyrus. Military doctors. Papyrus E. Smith. God of wisdom Thoth. clinical picture. The body of the deceased. Imhotep. Egypt. Book of preparation of medicines for all parts of the body.

"Disinfectants" - Dynamics of the development and registration of disinfectants. Conventional designations. State of development and registration of modern disinfectants. The system of testing, registration and certification of disinfectants until 2005. Sporicidal activity HOURS. Composition of active substances. Modes of application of almost identical means.

"Medicine of Russia of the 18th century" - Peter II. The staff of the medical college in 1799. Paul I (1754-1801), Russian emperor since 1796. In the first half of the 18th century. There were 5 medical schools in Russia. Transformations of archiater Rieger. About the position of the operator. State in the Medical Office. Anna Ivanovna. At the end of 1803, the Medical College was liquidated.

"Mathematics in Medicine" - Both in biology and in medicine, mathematical statistics are used with might and main. Pharmaceutics. Math statistics. Mathematics and medicine. Much attention is paid to the conclusions and interpretation of the calculation results. Mathematics is especially important in pharmaceuticals. Cardiology.

There are 12 presentations in total in the topic

Meningitis

Classification of meningitis

by pathogenesis: by the flow:

Pathogenesis

Sources of infection - sick and healthy carriers of people (cerebrospinal and enteroviral meningitis)

Clinic of meningitis

Difdiagnostics

Diagnostics

Liquor syndromes

Meningococcal meningitis (features)

Tuberculous meningitis (features)

Acute serous meningitis

Treatment:

Complications of meningitis

Acute encephalitis

Tick-borne encephalitis

Clinic

Clinical forms:

Diagnostics

Treatment of tick-borne encephalthia

Prevention

epidemic encephalitis

Acute transverse myelitis

Acute transverse myelitis

Diagnostics

treatment

Secondary microbial and infectious-allergic encephalitis

Measles encephalitis

Chickenpox encephalitis

rubella encephalitis

neurorheumatism

Clinic for chorea minor

Chorea minor treatment

Neurobrucellosis

treatment of neurobrucellosis

Neurosyphilis

Dorsal tabes

Treatment

To use the preview of presentations, create a Google account (account) and sign in: https://accounts.google.com

Slides captions:

SPb SBEE SPO "Medical College No. 2" Diseases of the peripheral nervous system Lecture Teacher Solovieva A.A. 2016

The peripheral nervous system consists of the cranial and spinal nerves, as well as the nerves and plexuses of the autonomic nervous system, connecting the central nervous system to the organs of the body.

The somatic nervous system is responsible for coordinating body movements as well as receiving external stimuli. It is a system that regulates consciously controlled activity. The autonomic nervous system is a department of the nervous system that regulates the activity of internal organs and metabolism in all organs. The autonomic nervous system, in turn, is divided into the sympathetic nervous system, parasympathetic nervous system.

Nervous system Nervous system CNS CNS

Sympathicotonia is characterized by tachycardia, blanching of the skin, increased blood pressure, weakening of intestinal motility, mydriasis, chills, a feeling of fear and anxiety. With a sympathoadrenal crisis, a headache appears or intensifies, numbness and coldness of the extremities, pallor of the face occur, blood pressure rises to 150/90-180/110 mm Hg, the pulse quickens to 110-140 beats / min, there are pains in the area heart, there is excitement, restlessness, sometimes the body temperature rises to 38-39 ° C. Vagotonia is characterized by bradycardia, shortness of breath, reddening of the skin of the face, sweating, salivation, lowering blood pressure, and gastrointestinal dyskinesias. A vagoinsular crisis is manifested by a feeling of heat in the head and face, suffocation, heaviness in the head, nausea, weakness, sweating, dizziness, urge to defecate, increased intestinal motility, miosis is noted, a decrease in heart rate to 45-50 beats / mi, a decrease in blood pressure up to 80/50 mm Hg Art.

GENERAL TERMINOLOGY OF PNS DISEASES NEUROPATHY - damage to the peripheral nerve of a non-infectious nature. RADICULOPATHY - the root of the spinal cord is affected. 1. Focal neuropathy is a disease of one nerve. Causes: compression, ischemia, trauma, intoxication, metabolic disorders. 2. Multifocal neuropathy - damage to several peripheral nerves. Causes: diabetic microangiopathy, systemic connective tissue diseases, hypothyroidism. If the nerve is damaged, FLADDY PARESIS OR PARALYSIS develops.

NEURITIS - damage to the peripheral nerve NEURITIS - DAMAGE TO THE PERIPHERAL NERVE BY INFECTION

Neuralgia is a disease of the peripheral peripheral nerve, in which the main clinical symptom is PAIN

POLYNEUROPATHY - multiple lesions of peripheral nerves, manifested by peripheral flaccid paralysis, sensory disturbances, trophic and vegetovascular disorders, mainly in the distal extremities. . diabetic

nature of the course of polyneuropathy ACUTE - symptoms develop within a month SUBACUTE - symptoms develop no longer than two months CHRONIC - symptoms develop within 6 months

POLYRADICULONEUROPATHY Simultaneous damage to the spinal roots and peripheral nerves of a symmetrical nature. Often leads to peripheral tetraparesis or tetraplegia with impaired respiratory function, which necessitates intensive care, mechanical ventilation.

PLEXOPATHY - damage to the plexus formed by the spinal nerves. Allocate cervical, shoulder, lumbar, sacral plexopathy. Involvement of at least 2 peripheral nerves is typical. More often the process is unilateral, the clinic is dominated by pain, weakness, muscle atrophy, and sensory disorders.

TUNNEL NEUROPATHY - damage to the peripheral nerve in anatomical constrictions (bone-fibrous canals, aponeurotic fissures, holes in the ligaments. The reason is mechanical compression in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe anatomical narrowing and ischemia of the nerve. For example, tunnel neuropathy of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel).

MAIN DISEASES OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

NEURITIS OF THE FACIAL NERVE (VII pair of cranial nerves) SYMPTOMS OF THE DISEASE: - drooping corner of the mouth - wide open palpebral fissure that does not close when squinting - mild or absent pattern of skin folds of half of the face

The patient cannot wrinkle his forehead, close his eyes, puff out his cheek, speech becomes slurred. There is a leakage of liquid food through the lowered corner of the mouth, dryness of the eye. REASONS: herpes simplex, diphtheria, syphilis, probably - with fractures of the bones of the skull, tumors of the cerebellopontine angle, with chronic otitis media. It is observed as a manifestation of nervous diseases - Guillain-Barré polyradiculoneuropathy, multiple sclerosis. TREATMENT 1. Glucocorticosteroids (prednisolone, dexamethasone) 2. Antihistamines 3. Group B vitamins PTO, exercise therapy.

TRIPENDIC NETURALGIA (V PAIR OF CNs) Symptoms: pronounced pain paroxysms up to 2 minutes, the nature of the pain is acute, shooting, burning, always accompanied by a painful grimace.

TREATMENT 1. For relief of pain - anticonvulsants (carbamazepine). 2. Anti-inflammatory drugs (actovegin). 3. Vitamins of group B. 4. With herpetic lesions - acyclovir. 5. Antidepressants, neuroleptics, tranquilizers, psychotherapy. 6. FTL: UHF, UVR, diadynamic currents, novocaine electrophoresis, laser therapy.

DEMIELINIZING INFLAMMATORY POLYNEUROPATHY. GUILLEN-BARRE SYNDROME

THE MAIN CLINICAL MANIFESTATION IS FLEXIBLE PARALYSIS The development of paralysis begins with the lower extremities, then the upper extremities, then muscle weakness captures the respiratory and cranial muscles. Weakness of the intercostal respiratory muscles and diaphragm leads to respiratory failure, requiring mechanical ventilation. CCC dysfunction is manifested by cardiac arrhythmias, which can be the cause of sudden death of the patient. TREATMENT 1. Emergency hospitalization in intensive care.

Hourly monitoring of the patient's vital functions Control of the state of consciousness Monitoring of respiratory function Monitoring of hemodynamics Monitoring of the excretory function Correction of pathological muscle tone and prevention of the formation of motor stereotypes Providing adequate nutritional support Complex anti-decubitus therapy

DYSMETABOLIC POLYNEUROPATHY. DIABETIC POLYNEUROPATHY. SYMPTOMS: 1. Violation of sensitivity in the legs: pain, paresthesia, numbness. 2. Decreased pain and temperature sensitivity by the type of "socks" or "golf socks". 3. Muscle weakness in the legs ("slapping gait"). 4. Atrophic processes in the muscles. 5. Complications: painful trophic ulcers, gangrene.

TREATMENT Normalization of blood glucose levels. For pain relief - NSAIDs, analgesics, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, psychotherapy. To combat ischemia - pentoxifylline. Teaching the patient to prevent trophic disorders of the skin of the feet.

POLYNEUROPATHY IN EXOGENOUS INTOXICATIONS. ALCOHOLIC POLYNEUROPATHY.

ALCOHOLIC POLYNEUROPATHY - axonal polyneuropathy with severe sensory and motor disorders. INITIAL SYMPTOMS: - burning, excruciating pain in the distal parts of the lower extremities - spasms of the calf muscles at night - weakness in the legs SYMPTOMS OF THE ADVANCED STAGE OF THE DISEASE - flaccid lower paraparesis - "cock's gait" - difficulty climbing stairs - trophic changes in the skin - sensitivity disorders by type of "socks", "golf"

TREATMENT 1. NO ALCOHOL. 2. COMPLETE NUTRITION. 3. RECOVERY OF THIAMIN DEFICIENCY (5% solution of vitamin B1 intramuscularly). 4. NOOTROPS. 5. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANTICONVULSANTS, ANTIDEPRESSANTS, DETOXIFICATION (rheopolyglucin, hemodez). 6.FTL, exercise therapy, FAMILY PSYCHOTHERAPY.

CARPAN TANAL SYNDROME (MEDIAN NERVE NEUROPATHY) CAUSE - multiple physical overloads of the wrist (programmers, musicians) SYMPTOMS - painful paresthesia and a feeling of numbness on the palmar surface of the wrist, hand and I, II, III fingers. - Symptoms are aggravated by movements in the wrist, raising the arm up. - atrophy of the tenor muscles - "monkey paw"

PLEXOPATHY OF THE BRACHERIC PLEXUS

SYMPTOMS - physical weakness and atrophy of the biceps, deltoid, scapular muscles. - the arm does not bend at the elbow, does not abduct and HANGS in the position of internal rotation. -movements in the brush saved. TREATMENT OF PLEXOPATHY NSAIDs (diclofenac) Glucocorticoids (blockade with hydrocortisone, dexamethasone). Muscle relaxants (baclofen, mydocalm, sirdalut). Vitamins gr B, analgesics, anticonvulsants. FTL, LFC.

NEUROLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF OSTEOCHONDROSIS OF THE SPINE OSTEOCHONDROSIS is a degenerative-dystrophic lesion of the INTERVERTEBRAL DISC, which is based on the primary lesion of the nucleus pulposus with subsequent involvement of the bodies of adjacent vertebrae, intervertebral joints and ligamentous apparatus

LUMBAGO (LUMBAGO) - Sharp pain in the lumbosacral region, aggravated by movement. Most often occurs IMMEDIATELY after an awkward movement, physical activity. An analgesic posture and a sharp tension of the back muscles are characteristic.

LUMBALGIA - subacute or chronic pain in the lumbosacral region. Occurs late after exercise or without cause. There is a limitation of movements and tension of the muscles of the back. LUMBOISCHALGIA - pain in the lumbosacral region, radiating to the leg. Characterized by an antalgic posture with tension in the muscles of the back, buttocks, back of the thigh. VERTEBROGENIC RADICULOPATHY OF THE LUMBOSACRAL SPINE Manifested by severe pain in the lower back radiating to the buttock, back of the leg to the V toe. Pronounced antalgic scoliosis and muscle tension. Paresthesia and numbness in this area are characteristic. When walking, the severity of symptoms increases.

CERVICAGO (NECK LUMBER) Acute pain in the cervical spine, aggravated by movement. The forced position of the head and the tension of the muscles of the neck are characteristic. CERVICALGIA - the pain is less intense, more often chronic. Tension of the paravertebral muscles is characteristic. CERVICOCRANIALGIA - pain in the cervical spine, radiating to the occipital region.

Diagnosis Reduced disc height Convergence of neighboring vertebrae Marginal osteophytes Narrowing of the intervertebral foramens Subchondral sclerosis of the vertebral bodies Spondylarthrosis (narrowing of the joint spaces of the intervertebral joints) Disc herniation.

METHODS FOR THE TREATMENT OF BACK PAIN Rest for 2-5 days, the patient should not be prescribed a long-term protective regime. Wearing a bandage or corset can cause weakening of the ligamentous apparatus and abdominal muscles, which will increase the instability of the spinal motion segment. Therefore, the corset is worn no more than 2 hours a day during the period of maximum loads.

METHODS FOR THE TREATMENT OF BACK PAIN a very large number of patients experience recurrence of pain after 2.5-3 years

NSAIDs - one of the most widely used pharmacological groups NSAIDs should be prescribed in the first two days of the disease in order to interrupt the formation of the prostaglandin and cytokine cascade at the synapse level and prevent the development of neurogenic aseptic inflammation, and, moreover, chronic inflammation

Treatment of the acute period The action of non-narcotic analgesics may be enhanced by the addition of - anticonvulsants (gabapentin, finlepsin) - antidepressants (amitriptyline, paroxetine)

Finalgel ® first aid Quickly relieve pain and stop the inflammatory process will help Finalgel ® Finalgel ® based on piroxicam quickly and safely relieve pain and treat inflammation. restores the usual range of motion in the joint reduces tissue swelling has a local antipyretic effect has an antiplatelet effect

FINALGON - COMPLEX DRUG Nonivamide synthetic derivative of capsaicin locally irritating substance isolated from pepper Nicoboxyl derivative of nicotinic acid strong vasodilator

Chronic pain syndromes Antidepressants (Amitriptyline, Paroxetine, Fluoxetine, etc.) Selective NSAIDs (Movalis) Analgesics (Katadalon, Zaldiar) Anticonvulsants (Neurontin) Neuroprotectors (Cortexin) Drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis (Fosavans)

Physiotherapy for osteochondrosis - its types and features This type of therapy does not cause exacerbation and allows you to reduce the dose of drugs. Due to fewer drugs, the risk of allergies and side effects is reduced. In the acute stage - UHF, SMT, hydrocortisone phonophoresis, quartz, laser therapy, IRT. In the stage of sub-remission and remission - thermal procedures (paraffin, ozocerite, pelloidotherapy)

Factors contributing to the development of exacerbation or deterioration of well-being 1. Sedentary lifestyle, low physical activity 2. Significant physical activity (at home, at work, in the garden, lifting weights). 3. Overweight (body mass index over 25 kg/m2). 4. Inadequate loads on the joints that contribute to injuries: frequent climbing stairs and frequent carrying of heavy loads during work; regular professional sports; prolonged squatting or kneeling or walking more than 3 km while working; 5. Weather change, drafts and hypothermia. 6. Depressed mood and depression. Many risk factors can be changed!

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION