Cuts, scratches, abrasions on the hands. Treatment at home. How is an open wound treated? How to treat cuts on the hands

What are cuts? Doctors define them as a violation of the integrity of tissues - skin or mucous membranes, and the first thing to do with cuts is to stop bleeding. The infection should not get into the tissues, so the cut must be washed immediately - either with 3% hydrogen peroxide, or simply with clean running water. If the bleeding does not stop, it is necessary to attach a sterile bandage to the cut, press it tight, and bandage it; small cuts can be sealed with a bactericidal adhesive plaster.
Change plasters or bandages every day until the cut has healed enough that you can do without a bandage. Foreign bodies caught in the cut must be removed, but if it doesn’t work, you need to see a doctor - let a specialist do it.

Homemade folk remedies for the treatment and healing of cuts

There are many home remedies for stopping bleeding from a fresh cut and then treating it, and most of them are quite simple.

For example, there is sugar in every home, but few people know that it helps to heal cuts very well: sugar should be poured onto a fresh cut and bandaged - the pain will pass quickly, and the very next day the cut will begin to heal and heal quickly - just don’t take it off bandage and wet it.

Quickly stops blood and nettle tincture It is best to always have it in your first aid kit. The glass bottle should be filled to the top with fresh nettle leaves, pour vodka or alcohol, close, and put in the sun for 2 weeks; then strain. The gauze pads soaked in it are applied to fresh cuts and wounds, the blood stops quickly, the infection is destroyed, and the healing process is accelerated.

People have been treating cuts with reeds since ancient times.- for this they used its white core, similar to cotton wool. If you apply this “cotton wool” to a fresh cut, the blood will quickly stop.

Some of the ways to treat cuts are quite original.– e.g. treatment with clean machine oil. Surely men came up with it, and indeed - injuries can happen at any time, and on the road too, and if there are no necessary funds in the car first-aid kit, then you can use engine oil. The oil must be refined; those who have used this method report that the pain subsides quickly and the cut heals without complications.

Other methods are better used for further treatment of cuts and incised wounds.- for example, ointment from spruce resin. Resin, sunflower oil, honey and wax are taken in equal parts, heated in a water bath, mixed and cooled. Lubricate the cut until it heals.

Surprisingly effective method - treatment of cuts and wounds with cobwebs, seems somewhat "wild", but in the old days there were no antibacterial ointments, and there were more than enough cut wounds, so you should pay attention to the properties of the web. There are cases when antibiotics did not help, and the web healed even difficult-to-heal and festering wounds, and not only incised ones. Modern doctors explain this by the fact that, in terms of its properties, the web resembles lymph, and the lymph “holds” all our immunity, so wounds heal quickly: after the application of the web, pain and swelling decrease in the first hours, and the temperature returns to normal.

To learn how to use the cobweb, you need to practice a little: you need to twist a disk from the cobweb threads clockwise - something like a bird's nest, and it is better not to violate the integrity of the cobwebs - this way the effect will be faster. It is not necessary to remove debris, leaves and blades of grass from the web, but it is necessary to get rid of the remnants of insect tissues (legs, wings, etc.) - once in the wound, they can cause inflammation.

Experienced people advise when collecting a web to ask the spiders for forgiveness and even help, and then, when the wound heals, be sure to say “thank you” to them. Someone will laugh, but it is hardly worth treating the forces of mother nature with disrespect - it is because of the separation from her that people began to get sick more often, and live less and less.

The next remedy is less exotic but painful.- cognac salt solution. They take 5-star cognac - ¾ bottles, and pour ordinary fine salt into the bottle - the cognac should rise to the very cork; the bottle is closed, shaken vigorously and allowed to stand for half an hour - the product is ready. This solution treats cut and other wounds, as well as burns - they are treated with a swab dipped in it. At first it is very painful, but already during the second treatment, the pain decreases, and then it disappears completely, and the wound heals quickly. It is necessary to moisten the swabs carefully, without turning the bottle upside down, so that the salt that has settled to the bottom does not fall on them.

Pharmaceutical preparations for the treatment and healing of cuts

And now about some pharmaceutical preparations - among them there are those that have not lost popularity for many decades. Streptocide is a drug of the sulfonamide group, everyone knows the people. It was discovered back in the 1st half of the 20th century, and immediately showed itself as an effective means of treating wounds - it was successfully used on the fronts of World War II. Streptocide can be covered with both small and deep cuts and wounds: the tablets are crushed into powder and fall asleep inside, and the edges of the cut are treated with green paint. Shallow cuts are completely filled with brilliant green, and streptocide is sprinkled on top - the pain passes quickly, and wound healing accelerates. If you carefully bring the edges of the cut together, and carefully bandage it, then everything will heal almost without a trace.

Of the more modern means, the "Rescuer" balm is popular., produced in Denmark - "Rescue Ranger": they can treat not only cuts, but also deep wounds, suppuration, burns, abrasions, bruises, sprains, inflammation of the skin and mucous membranes. The composition of the balm includes vitamins, essential oils, beeswax, sea buckthorn oil, and fossil mineral oil naftalan, which has a number of medicinal properties and accelerates regeneration processes.

This balm works amazingly: it stimulates the ability of tissues to recover, destroys the infection and normalizes biochemical processes, and enhances the bactericidal properties of lymph and blood. Pain when using the "Rescuer" quickly decreases not due to the effect of anesthetic components, but due to the rapid restoration of the balance of necessary substances in the tissues - after a few hours, cuts and wounds begin to heal, and scars do not form. This balm is inexpensive - about 85 rubles.

There are many good reviews about another drug, which is called SOS., and helps to quickly heal cuts, wounds and burns, reduces pain and swelling. SOS balm also contains sea buckthorn oil, as well as allantoin, mumiyo and D-Panthenol (dexpanthenol), which stimulates skin regeneration. The healing properties of mumiyo are known, and its usefulness does not need to be proven; in addition, the balm contains shea butter - it relieves inflammation, regenerates and protects the skin; extracts of calendula and chamomile, which also have an anti-inflammatory effect. This tool is already more expensive - about 200 rubles for a 75 ml tube.

Appolo gel is also intended for the treatment of cuts and wounds.: on the package it is written - “wound healing”. This gel contains miramistin, a broad-spectrum antiseptic, and an anesthetic anylocaine, which quickly relieves pain, prevents inflammation and accelerates tissue healing. After applying the gel to a cut or wound, the pain disappears in just a couple of minutes, and the microbes die. The packaging of the Apollo gel is designed so that the drug is stored for a long time; The advantage of the gel is that wounds and cuts heal almost without any traces, but its price is even higher - 330-350 rubles.

In addition to modern drugs, you should always have proven and well-known iodine, brilliant green, hydrogen peroxide, boric acid, etc. in your first-aid kit. An inexpensive and effective remedy - sodium hypochlorite, is very helpful in the treatment of cuts and wounds: this substance has bactericidal, antiviral and antiseptic properties - you need to moisten a napkin in it and put it on the cut.

Hypochlorite is available as a solution; can be produced in small bottles, so that it can be drawn into a syringe and washed with wounds. Today, this drug has been forgotten - it is not as convenient to use it as ointments or gels, and sometimes it can cause allergic reactions, but other means also cause them. In addition, sodium hypochlorite is affordable for everyone, and it is it that is used in developing countries - with its help, outbreaks of dangerous diseases and epidemics are still stopped there.

Purulent wounds can appear at any age in every person.. With incorrect or untimely treatment, this leads to complex complications.

Therefore, it is extremely important to know what drugs and other means to use, how to properly carry out the procedures.

If infection is observed when the integrity of the skin is damaged, then the question of treating purulent wounds at home becomes acute. After all, suppuration leads to the most unpleasant consequences, up to gangrene.

Ulcers are a lumen with purulent fluid around which an inflammatory process occurs. The disease occurs against the background of infection of any wound (cut, scratch, puncture, etc.).

Simply put, pus is formed due to the penetration of a pathogenic microorganism into the wound.

A purulent formation can occur in any part of the body, but most often occurs on the leg, arm, buttocks, abdomen, and finger. Pus can have a thick or liquid consistency, as well as a different color.

It is the shade that allows you to determine the type of pathogen:

the whitish and yellowish color of the dense structure indicates infection with the staphylococcus bacterium;
with a liquid consistency of a brown-yellow hue, we are talking about Escherichia coli;
for a watery structure of yellow and green color, infection with streptococcus is characteristic;
brown fetid liquid - anaerobic microbes;
if the shade of pus inside is yellow, but changes color upon contact with air, then this is Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Symptoms of purulent wounds

Bursting, throbbing or pressing pain.
Redness of the skin around the lesion.
On palpation, the skin feels hot.
Change in skin color at the location of the pathology.
Swelling and headache.
Increased body temperature, chills, weakness.
Loss of appetite and increased sweating.

Causes of infection

As you know, purulent wounds occur due to infection. But why then does one person immediately notice the inflammatory process, while the other does not? It turns out that there are certain factors that affect the transformation of a simple wound into a purulent form.

First of all, it is a weakened immune system and the presence of certain pathologies (diabetes mellitus, HIV, etc.). Climatic conditions (high humidity), extensive pollution of the area also play a huge role.

It is possible to bring a pathogen into the wound through dirty hands or the use of non-sterile treatment materials.

The first question that arises is how to treat a purulent wound. Because the effectiveness and duration of subsequent therapy depends on it.

Not every person is ready to go to the clinic with such a minor problem. Yes, and it is not always possible to consult a doctor immediately.

Therefore, it is necessary to know the rules of primary processing:

Wound disinfection and washing. What to wash? Every home has hydrogen peroxide, so use this liquid. You can use "Furacilin", potassium permanganate diluted in water or a solution of "Chlorhexidine".
Next, you need to process the area around the wound. To do this, you can take brilliant greens or iodine. After that, you need to make a dressing (apply a sterile bandage).
Further care includes application of ointments, daily washing and other types of processing.
In especially advanced cases, the doctor prescribes surgical intervention.. For example, if the wound is lacerated, open, with the presence of foreign bodies, etc. The surgeon performs a deep cleaning, removing blood clots, splinters, dead tissues and cells. This will speed up the healing process. If necessary, the doctor cuts out uneven edges, and then sutures.

Quite often, the doctor suggests introducing a special serum against tetanus, and in case of bites from unvaccinated animals, a rabies vaccine. Do not refuse the procedure, as this will prevent complications.

The basis of the algorithm for the treatment of purulent lesions is to remove dead epithelium, cleanse purulent fluid, accelerate regeneration processes and prevent the development and growth of pathogenic microorganisms.

For processing, you will need a sterile bandage and gauze wipes, scissors washed in alcohol, sterile gloves, adhesive plaster, solutions and ointments.

Initially, the area around the wound is washed and treated with hydrogen peroxide, manganese or other solutions. Next, cut a sterile napkin to the size of the wound with scissors, apply ointment on it and attach it to the focus. After that, bandage. All manipulations must be done with gloves.

If you remove a bandage with accumulated pus, then do it with rubber gloves.. After removing the purulent wipes, be sure to change the gloves. Otherwise, you risk spreading the infection throughout the body.

Treatment methods for purulent wounds

Before treating purulent wounds, you need to familiarize yourself with the basic methods. Medical principles of treatment include the following:

cleansing of purulent fluid and dead tissues, cells;
neutralization of puffiness and other symptoms;
destruction of bacteria.

If the pus cannot be removed naturally, drainage is performed. It can be passive and active.

In the first case, drainage is used from tubes, strips, turundas and wipes soaked in antiseptics. Active drainage involves the use of suction devices.

Since purulent wounds belong to the infectious group, the need is the use of antibiotics. Depending on the severity of suppuration, various forms of preparations are used.

For example, with a slight suppuration, local exposure is sufficient, and in more complex cases, complex treatment is prescribed. That is, the wounds are treated with antibacterial ointments and solutions, and the patient takes pills inside. Quite often, injections are also prescribed.

The most popular antibiotics for purulent wounds:

tetracyclines;
cephalosporins;
penicillins.

Modern pharmacology produces a huge number of universal ointments that have a comprehensive effect. But what kind of ointment to use for purulent wounds in a particular case, the attending physician and directly, you yourself will decide.

List of the best ointments:

The most common and popular drugs:

Home treatment: traditional medicine recipes

Modern medicine does not deny the positive effect of medicinal herbs and other components used in traditional medicine.

After all, many drugs are made from extracts and extracts of plants. Therefore, folk remedies are popular.

Juna is a folk healer, thanks to which many people got rid of various pathologies. One of her recipes is Juna's unique ointment.

Although, she personally claimed that this remedy came from the people, and she only recommended it. The ointment is able to draw out any purulent liquid in a short time.

So, you will need 1 raw egg yolk, 1 tsp. honey and 1 tbsp. l. wheat flour. Mix all ingredients thoroughly and refrigerate.

If necessary, apply the resulting mixture directly to the hearth, covering the top with a piece of toilet paper or paper napkin. Be sure to wear a protective bandage.

Ointment can be changed every 3 hours throughout the day. If you want to leave it overnight, feel free to leave it. After removal, you will find accumulations of pus that need to be removed. If there is no purulent fluid yet, then put another layer of the mixture on top.

Almighty Aloe Flower

Aloe refers to a bactericidal plant that destroys the pathogen, draws out pus and heals.

But how to use aloe correctly to achieve the maximum effect? There are several ways:

Wash the leaf of the plant and cut it lengthwise. Attach to the affected area, fixing. To enhance the antibacterial effect, you can drop a little iodine.
Remove skin from aloe and finely chop. Apply the paste on the wound.
Squeeze out the juice from the peeled plant, soak a gauze napkin in it and apply it to the site of damage.

Aloe needs to be changed every 2-3 hours. Try to use a 3 year old plant. Be sure to treat the wound with any solution before the procedure.

Horseradish Recipes

Horseradish is a powerful antibacterial plant, so it is used to treat purulent formations. Horseradish infusion is used as lotions, compresses and solutions for washing.

Grind the root part, take 1 tbsp. l. and fill it with boiling water. It is desirable to insist in a thermos for 1 hour.

You can make a tincture from fresh leaves. Weigh 200 grams of the plant and twist the leaves through a meat grinder. You should get a gruel, which you need to pour 1 liter of boiled water (temperature slightly above room temperature).

Now place the mixture in a glass jar and close the lid tightly. You need to insist 12 hours. Do not forget to stir the ingredients periodically during this time.

Other recipes

Try not to self-medicate, this can lead to complications. It is better to consult a doctor, as separate groups of drugs can be prescribed for each type of bacteria. And then you can easily get rid of a purulent wound!

Cuts are a violation of the integrity of the skin with pointed objects. If cuts affect only the skin and adipose tissue, they go away on their own. In case of damage to muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves and blood vessels, you should consult a doctor. Such injuries are considered common occurrences in everyday life. They are available to adults and children. To avoid the negative consequences of cuts with a knife, blade or glass, you need to know the basic rules of first aid.

What are the dangers of cuts?

Injuries with pointed objects: a knife, blade or glass are dangerous for damage to the artery, nerve, large vessels. If cuts on the hands with a blade or other pointed object are not immediately treated, dangerous microorganisms will enter the wound. Gangrene may begin or a trophic ulcer may form, which cannot be healed. The infection can be life-threatening.

If the cut becomes inflamed, complications are possible in the form of purulent streaks and phlegmon. This is a condition when pus does not flow out, but remains inside and spreads into the surrounding tissues. With an increase in temperature and general weakness, an urgent need to call a doctor.

First aid for cuts

Anyone can get hurt with a sharp object. You can also deal with a small cut yourself if you know how. What to do if you cut your hand in the first minutes after injury? First of all, don't panic. If a person himself is afraid of the sight of blood, first aid should be provided by someone who is not afraid of it. It is as follows:

The cut is carefully examined to determine how severe the injury is.
After examination, the wound is well washed with running water. If it is not possible to do this, you can use bottled water, which is sold in every kiosk.
To prevent the spread of infection in the wound, you should not touch it with your hands. If necessary, you can wash the cut with soapy foam, which should be washed off immediately after treating the wound. Do not use laundry soap. For this purpose, children's is better suited.

Everything that is described above is done very quickly, in a matter of seconds. Most importantly, to stop the bleeding, for which the hand, finger or leg is raised so that the cut is above the level of the body. The cut should be squeezed with fingers wrapped in a bandage or a clean cloth. After a few minutes, the bleeding should stop if the cut is shallow.
If an artery is affected, which can be determined by a stream of bright scarlet blood, a tourniquet should be applied above the wound. And if the bleeding is venous - lower. flows quietly, no jet, and is dark in color. When the blood circulation in the arm stops. Therefore, in order to prevent necrosis of the limb, you should immediately consult a doctor.
After all measures have been taken to stop the bleeding, the cut should be disinfected. To do this, treat it with an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide. But if the wound is deep, the solution should not get inside, as small vessels can become clogged with air. The area around the wound is treated with alcohol solutions. For this, iodine or brilliant green is suitable.
The last thing to do when providing first aid, if you get a cut on your hand with a knife or other pointed object, is to apply a sterile bandage or just a clean handkerchief to the wound, constantly moistening the bandage with disinfecting aqueous solutions. This is necessary so that the bandage always remains wet and does not stick to the wound.

If after first aid more than ten minutes have passed and there are no positive results, that is, the blood does not stop, you need to call an ambulance.

glass injury

Glass cuts most often a person can get at home or at enterprises associated with its release. Glass is a very brittle and brittle material that often breaks. The slightest negligence leads to injury.

Cuts on the hands and other parts of the body obtained from glass have their own characteristics. They are incised bleeding wounds. Their edges are smooth and even, so they do not crush or crush the fabric. This is more favorable for healing than lacerations.

Cuts on the arms and hands are the most common. As a rule, their back surface is damaged. Hot glass injuries are the most dangerous. It has the peculiarity of quickly cooling down and disintegrating in the skin and muscle tissue into many small fragments that are not visible even on an x-ray. Such fragments are difficult to remove, and migrating in the tissues, they cause pain, new damage and bleeding. Sometimes the fragments remain in the tissues for years. Hot glass injury can be aggravated by thermal burns.

What should be done with glass cuts?

Toilet the wound, that is, wash it with a 70% alcohol solution or chlorhexidine.
Make a local anesthesia with the imposition of primary sutures.
For minor injuries, Michel's brackets are used. The victim does not need surgical assistance. It is enough to apply an aseptic bandage to the wound after washing the wound.
If cuts on the hands are accompanied by burns, the wound does not need to be sewn up. It should be treated and a bandage lubricated with ointment should be applied.
If glass fragments visible to the eye are found in the tissue, you need to remove them and consult a doctor for further treatment.

When cut, the man lost consciousness. What to do?

Sometimes even small cuts can cause a person to faint. To prevent this, you need:

Provide fresh air if the victim is indoors. To do this, you need to open windows and doors, but exclude drafts.
Take deep breaths several times.
Massage the earlobes and upper lip.
Rub cheeks vigorously.
If this does not help, you should moisten the cotton wool with ammonia and give the victim a sniff.

Knife and blade cuts

Most often, a person gets a cut on his hand with a knife, since he uses this cutting object all the time: at work or at home. Carelessness leads to injury. There are times when stab wounds are deliberately inflicted. This happens during a fight or a robbery attack on a person. No less rare are cuts on the hands with a blade during shaving or creative work associated with its use. The cuts are different. It depends on how they were applied.

For an injury inflicted by a sharp object - a knife, blade, glass, cut wounds are characteristic.
If the injury is caused by a blunt object, then the cut has torn edges. Such wounds most often occur on the hands and fingers.
If at the same time a traumatic object is applied to the arm, leg or any other part of the body with blunt and sharp objects, then the wound will be of a combined nature.
A sharp and thin object: the awl leaves a stab wound.

with cuts

During an injury, a vein in the arm may be cut. This is easily determined even visually. Blood from the wound flows calmly, without pulsing, has a dark color. In this case, a person loses a lot of blood. Of particular danger is the fact that air is sucked into the vessels and can enter the heart. If this happens, death occurs.

A pressure bandage is applied to stop bleeding from the vein. The wound is covered with clean gauze and pressed on top with an unfolded bandage. If it is not at hand, you can fold a handkerchief or a clean cloth several times. Then the applied means should be pressed against the wound. The blood must stop. If nothing is at hand, then the cut of the vein on the arm or leg is immediately pressed with the fingers, and the limbs rise up.

When do you need to see a doctor for cuts?

If the cut is deep and its length is more than two centimeters.
When it is impossible to quickly stop the bleeding.
If, during first aid, it was not possible to remove fragments of foreign objects from the wound.
When cuts on the hands or other parts of the body are caused by a contaminated object. It could be a shovel or a rake.
If the victim is a child or an elderly person.
When, on the second day after the injury, the skin around the cut acquires an atypical color, pus oozes from the wound and numbness occurs at the site of injury.
If there is an increase in body temperature and general weakness.
When a week after injury

The victim is obliged to tell the doctor what actions were taken to provide first aid and how the wound was treated. Then the specialist himself will decide how to treat the cut.

Effects

Cuts on the hands (photo above) can turn into irreversible consequences if they are applied to the wrist area. In this case, the nerves and tendons are damaged.
Often during an injury, the victim receives hands. What to do? Seek immediate medical attention. The fact is that the treatment of deep wounds is carried out by suturing immediately after the injury. If this is not done eight hours after the cut, in the future it is impossible to sew up the wound at all, since bacteria will have time to get into it. When closing the wound, they can cause suppuration.
If cuts on the hands are accompanied by heavy bleeding with a bright scarlet color of blood, then the artery is damaged.
Remember, even a minor cut, especially on the face, leaves a scar.

If fragments of a foreign body are not removed from the wound, it becomes inflamed and pus may ooze from it.
To prevent a serious cut injury from causing complications, a tetanus shot should be given.

What are abrasions
Symptoms of abrasions
Treatment of abrasions
Prevention of abrasions

What are abrasions

Abrasion- this is a mechanical superficial damage to a section of the skin with a blunt object. Superficial damage to the skin, when only the upper layers of the skin are damaged, is called excoriation (from Latin excorio - “to peel off the skin”). Most often, excoriations occur with minor mechanical damage, scratching. There are abrasions in domestic conditions, at work, in criminal incidents.

Pathogenesis (what happens?) during abrasions

The shape, location of abrasions, their appearance can indicate the nature of the damage, the method of inflicting bodily harm. This description may further assist the medical examiner in investigating the circumstances of the injury. So, for example, the localization of abrasions on the hands indicates that there was a fact of struggle, self-defense; location of crescent-shaped abrasions on the neck - about squeezing the neck with hands, an attempt to suffocate; on the inner surface of the thighs - about an attempted rape; longitudinal abrasions on the body - about the fact of dragging, moving the body on an uneven surface.

In everyday life, abrasions are most often localized (located) on the hands (hands, palms, fingers), in the area of the elbow and knee joints.

Symptoms of abrasions

With abrasions, the following symptoms may appear like pain, burning sensation and soreness, bleeding (intensity depends on the depth of the abrasion). With small abrasions, self-treatment is possible, but there are a number of factors in the presence of which it is necessary to seek medical help from a doctor. These include:

there is severe and (or) long-term non-stop bleeding;
around the abrasion there is reddening of the skin, swelling, an increase in local skin temperature and (or) general body temperature, the occurrence of throbbing pain (this may indicate the presence of suppuration);
there was a fact of abrasion contamination with earth, manure, etc. Pollution of even a small abrasion is fraught with very serious consequences - the development of anaerobic infections, including tetanus. In the external environment, the tetanus bacillus is very stable, as it exists in the form of spores.

Treatment of abrasions

Treatment is as follows:

wash the damaged surface of the skin with clean water and soap, 0.1-0.5% solution of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate);
treatment of abrasions with an antiseptic solution (3% hydrogen peroxide solution, iodine alcohol solution, brilliant green solution, 2% boric acid alcohol solution). It should be noted that the wound itself cannot be treated with alcohol or any alcohol solution (iodine, brilliant green), this can lead to tissue burns and further poor healing. Only the edges of an abrasion or cut are processed.
a sterile cotton-gauze dressing is applied to large abrasions, which is fixed on top with strips of adhesive plaster, a bactericidal plaster is applied to small abrasions; it is unacceptable to stick a simple plaster on an abrasion or lubricate it with any ointment, this leads to a violation of the healing of the abrasion and to the fact that a scab does not form;
the bactericidal patch is applied for no more than 1 day, after a day it must be changed to a new one or the abrasion left open, under a large bandage the abrasion can get wet, which impairs its healing and creates favorable conditions for the reproduction of microorganisms.

Prevention of abrasions

Pathogenic bacteria are resistant to the effects of antiseptics and disinfectants. If there are favorable conditions, then spore forms germinate into vegetative ones. Vegetative forms can produce tetanospasmin and hemolysin. Entrance gates for the development of tetanus are wounds, burns, punctures, abrasions, etc. Mortality from tetanus in cases of untreated is 70-90%. Even with adequate therapy, mortality is more than 10%. Therefore, it is very important to carry out the prevention of this serious disease.

According to the vaccination calendar, children are vaccinated three times with an interval of 5 years. For vaccination, tetanus toxoid or DTP vaccine is used. For emergency prophylaxis, heterogeneous tetanus toxoid serum (3000 IU) or human tetanus immunoglobulin (300 IU) is used. It is also necessary to introduce tetanus toxoid (10-20 IU) subcutaneously. In previously vaccinated individuals, 0.5-1.0 ml of tetanus toxoid (TA) is injected. If a person has not previously been vaccinated or the last vaccination was more than 5 years ago, then 0.5 ml of tetanus toxoid is administered subcutaneously and 3000 IU of antitetanus serum (PSS). Serum is administered according to the Bezredko method - first, 0.1 ml of diluted PSS (1/10) is injected intradermally, then the patient's condition is monitored for 30 minutes, in the absence of any pathological symptoms, another 0.1 ml of diluted serum is injected, after 30 minutes 0.1 ml of undiluted PSS and after another 30 minutes, the rest of the PSS is injected.

Which doctors should you contact if you have abrasions

Dermatologist

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You can get a minor injury in your own kitchen, and while working in the country, and even in the office. Women especially often injure their hands while preparing food or doing household chores. Even a minor injury can cause a lot of trouble if you take it lightly, do not treat it on time, and allow infection to get into the wound.

Photo Shutterstock

First aid for injuries

The first thing to do in case of a cut, scrape or abrasion is to clean the wound and stop the bleeding. If foreign bodies (such as glass shards) are in the wound, carefully remove them.

Rinse with clean cool water, you can with soap. If you have hydrogen peroxide on hand, moisten cotton wool, a bandage or a piece of clean cloth with plenty of it and apply it to the wound - peroxide will provide an antiseptic effect, quickly stop the blood and help remove dirt that has got into the wound. Touch the wound only with clean hands!

To stop bleeding, it is usually enough to press a cotton swab, a piece of bandage or a clean cloth to the wound for 10-15 minutes. If the bandage is soaked with blood, do not remove it, but apply a new one over the old one - when removing the old bandage, you can remove the blood clot that forms in the wound, preventing blood loss. For the same reason, dried bandages should not be torn off; they must be soaked with water or hydrogen peroxide and carefully removed.

As an antiseptic, you can use not only hydrogen peroxide, but also a variety of disinfectant solutions designed to treat the skin, including the well-known iodine and brilliant green, solutions of chlorhexidine or furacilin. Remember that only the edges of the wound and intact skin are treated with alcohol-based solutions and pure alcohol, in extreme cases, superficial shallow wounds. If it comes into contact with damaged tissues, alcohol solutions can cause a serious burn, disrupting the skin regeneration process.

If a child has been injured, it is better to treat damaged skin with antiseptic aqueous solutions, since all alcohol solutions cause burning and pain.

After the wound has been washed, treated and dried, a bandage should be applied to it. Small shallow cuts or scratches can be left open, but wounds that are often at risk of infection (on the fingers, palms) are best bandaged to avoid dirt. When dressing a cut, gently close the edges of the cut and then apply a bandage or apply a bactericidal patch.

Dried, not inflamed wounds are regularly lubricated with ointments that accelerate healing. The composition of such agents that stimulate tissue regeneration may include vitamins, herbal ingredients, dexpanthenol.

In pharmacies, you can find special dressings that promote faster healing and help clean wounds. Such dressings should be used for deep, poorly healing or infected wounds; for minor and superficial injuries, they are usually not needed.

When is a doctor needed?

Usually, minor injuries do not require a visit to a doctor, but sometimes home treatment may not be enough.

Medical assistance is needed in the following cases:

heavy bleeding
large depth of cut or scratch, large area of abrasion
the inability to independently remove the dirt that got into the wound
wound inflicted by animals
the wound was caused by a rusty metal object

You should seek help if you cannot stop the bleeding on your own for more than 15 minutes.

Deep incised or lacerated wounds may require suturing - do not try to treat such injuries on your own, this threatens to get an infection into the wound, the development of inflammation, and after healing, a noticeable ugly scar may form.

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If earth or sand gets into the wound and it is not possible to remove them with water or peroxide, and also if the wound is received on rusty metal, concrete, a serious disease such as tetanus may develop. Treatment with antiseptics in this case will not help, urgent administration of tetanus toxoid is necessary, especially if you have never had a tetanus shot or have had it for more than ten years.