Cystic transformation of the right ovary. Removal of the cyst by surgery. Conservative treatments

A cystic change in the ovary is a gynecological disease that appears due to impaired functioning of the female body due to hormonal factors.

Cysts can be different in their characteristic highlights and be determined by what structures of the ovaries produced hormones in each individual case.

The largest part of the total number of cases in which a cystic change in the ovary is noted is represented by functional cysts or, as they are also called, false. They are characterized by spontaneous occurrence, not provoked by any obvious visible circumstances, and have a tendency to the same spontaneous disappearance. Their origin is not associated with the occurrence and spread of cellular atypia, which is characteristic of cancer. The formation of functional cysts leads to dysfunction of the ovaries, they do not differ in huge sizes, in some cases they can provoke clearly localized unilateral pains and lead to violations of the monthly cycle.

One of the types of false cysts is the follicular cyst. With it, after 14 days of the cycle, the egg is not released from the follicle, but the production of estrogen continues. This leads to delayed menstruation and lack of ovulation.

It happens that the corpus luteum does not resolve after ovulation has occurred, and estrogen and progesterone continue to be produced in it. This phenomenon provokes the origin of the corpus luteum cyst. All indicators inherent in the state of pregnancy begin to appear, but the test results indicate that the lady is not pregnant.

With this cystic transformation, surgical intervention is not necessary.

Cysts of an organic nature are not related to hormonal imbalances in the body; spontaneous remission does not occur if they are present. If the cyst is of a huge size, it can put pressure on nearby organs - the rectum, intestines, bladder. The existence of a small cyst may be asymptomatic.

Dermoid organic cysts are formations that contain fluid with the presence of sebum. Pseudomucinous cysts are filled with a yellowish liquid, a thick, viscous liquid resembling gelatin in consistency. Serous cysts have light yellow serous contents.

Circumstances of cystic transformation of the ovary

The circumstances of the cystic transformation of the ovary are mainly associated with a violation of the hormonal balance in the body. For the most part, this refers to the overproduction of androgen, the male sex hormone. Ladies of various age groups can be susceptible to this disease. It can develop both during the puberty of a girl during the formation of the menstrual cycle, and in older women. In the latter case, cysts can appear as a result of chronic genitourinary diseases.

Negative factors contributing to an increase in the possibility of developing diseases are: heredity, various stressful situations, acute respiratory diseases, unnatural termination of pregnancy, especially if abortions were performed in the youthful period of a woman's life. The circumstances of the cystic transformation of the ovary can also be due to trips or moving to a new place of residence in areas located in a different climatic territory. Also, cysts in the ovaries can develop as a result of the fact that there are other diseases characterized by impaired functioning of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, adrenal glands or thyroid gland.

Symptoms of cystic transformation of the ovary

There are a number of characteristic indicators, transformations and disturbances in the functioning of the female body, the appearance of which allows us to suggest that they are symptoms of cystic transformation of the ovary.

Evidence of the presence in order for the disease may be a violation of the regularity with which menstruation occurs. The processes of formation of cysts in the ovaries can lead to disruption of ovulation up to its complete absence - anovulation. This has as its manifestations the transformation of the monthly cycle, prolonged, more than a month delay in menstruation or amenorrhea - their absence. From time to time, delays in menstruation for a long time can be replaced by periods of uterine bleeding.

Symptoms of cystic transformation of the ovary are also manifested in the origin of a tendency to increase the skin and hair, acne, acne and seborrhea can appear. The phenomenon accompanying the development of cysts in the ovaries is a sharp increase in weight from 10 to 15 kilograms. Obesity can be both a temperament of even distribution of deposits throughout the body, and occur in a male pattern - with an increase in fat mass, mostly in the abdomen and waist. In addition, the amount of hair on the body increases: in the perineum, on the abdomen, thighs and legs, the appearance of antennae above the upper lip is noted.

There are regular pain symptoms of a pulling nature, of moderate severity, covering the lower abdomen and possibly radiating to the lower back and pelvic region.

Conducting a study on the content of hormones shows the following results. Hormones produced by the pituitary gland, thyroid gland and ovaries exceed the norm of their content.

Cystic change of the right ovary

During the normal healthy functioning of all organs of the female body, the ovaries produce sex hormones in the right ratio, both female - progesterone and estrogen, and male - androgens. A cystic change in the right ovary, and equally in the left, destroys homeostasis, which is the state of the optimal balance of hormones in the human body. Increasing along with this, the amount of male hormone produced, which prevails over female ones, leads to inhibition of the processes of monthly maturation of the egg, in other words, ovulation does not occur.

Lack of ovulation, and due to this - a symptom of primary infertility due to cysts that occur in the ovaries, is one of the characteristic indicators inherent in this disease. In addition, a cystic change in the right ovary leads to menstrual irregularities (oligo-amenorrhea), and growth of body hair, and may also appear overweight.

The origin of cystic transformation in the right ovary is possibly due to impaired functioning of the pituitary-hypothalamus, female gonads, thyroid gland, adrenal glands. In addition, a hereditary factor can play a certain role in increasing the risk of developing this disease. In addition, the prerequisites for the appearance of cysts in the ovary can be covered in an excess of insulin, which promotes the active production of androgens.

Cystic change of the left ovary

Cystic change of the left ovary is a disease associated with hormonal imbalance in the body, and appears due to a malfunction in the regulation of the menstrual cycle due to impaired functioning of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland or adrenal glands.

Currently, there is a classification of this female ailment into two of its varieties. The first form is genuine or primary polycystic. It is caused by the presence of a congenital disease or certain hereditary factors of predisposition to this disease. The secondary form of the disease has ovarian disease as a circumstance of its origin.

Factors representing a risk group that a cystic change in the left ovary may develop are susceptibility to stressful situations, an unexpected change in body weight in the direction of both increase and decrease, it can also appear against the background of taking contraceptives and breastfeeding.

It is necessary to pay attention to the fact that this disease, if timely appropriate measures are not taken to cure it, can lead to infertility.

Otherwise, its detection, in many cases, occurs precisely during examinations and diagnostic measures to determine the circumstances of infertility.

But the diagnosis, which states the presence of cystic transformations in the ovaries, should by no means lead to panic and plunge into despair. Currently, there are a sufficient number of different therapeutic methods that will help to cope with this disease. The main thing is to start treatment in a timely manner.

A comprehensive diagnosis is performed using a comprehensive examination using ultrasound, laboratory blood tests for hormone levels and the presence of hidden infections, and a smear to determine the microflora.

Cystic change in both ovaries

Cystic change in both ovaries - a female disease, which also has the name polycystic ovaries, is characterized by the fact that small cysts grow a lot on the surface of the ovaries. A circumstance to the formation of a pathological process is a hormonal imbalance in the female body. The course of the disease may differ in the absence of any signs, in some cases, a violation of the function of menstruation by the type of oligomenorrhea is likely. Distinctive indicators indicating the presence of this disease, in addition, there is the growth of body hair, an unexpected large increase in body weight, the appearance of acne.

Polycystic congenital type or - primary may first appear in adolescence, during puberty during the formation of menstrual function. In subsequent age periods of a lady's life, the circumstances that a cystic change in both ovaries appears can be a chronic pathology associated with the functions of the endocrine system, or due to infectious and inflammatory processes in the female genitourinary system. This type of disease is called secondary polycystic ovaries.

The formation of cysts in the ovaries, and especially if both the left and right are involved in such processes at the same time, requires the earliest possible start of appropriate treatment. Otherwise, there is a high possibility of infertility.

Cystic ovary and pregnancy

Cystic change in the ovary and pregnancy - an approach to this issue requires very close consideration and care, because cysts in the ovaries represent a danger to the health of a lady at any age. It does not matter whether the woman gave birth before she was recognized and ascertained the presence of this disease. If the disease is diagnosed during puberty, a woman, in order to avoid the possibility of all sorts of complications, must systematically undergo therapeutic courses of hormone treatment. A positive result of such therapeutic measures, and the removal of the cyst by the laparoscopic method, is that this is why the possibility of a favorable prognosis for the bearing and birth of a healthy child is improved, in addition, if the expectant mother has such a disease. So, it is possible to argue that a cystic change in the ovary and pregnancy - in the realities of the present moment in time, are not something out of the ordinary.

It is only necessary not to forget when planning a child that the effectiveness of treatment and the possibility of a speedy recovery depend on how early the disease is recognized and how appropriate measures are taken in time in order to prevent the upcoming development of pathological progress. In addition, it is important to take care of that in order to protect yourself from hypothermia, the progression of chronic diseases, avoid stress factors and situations.

Diagnosis of cystic transformation of the ovary

Diagnosis of cystic transformation of the ovary and the detection of this disease for the most part occurs during the passage of a preventive gynecological examination by a lady. Based on this, it is extremely important to visit the appropriate medical expert on a regular basis, who, on the basis of a regular examination of the state of the genitourinary system of the female body, is able to notice indicators that may indicate the onset of the formation of cysts in the ovary, in one or both at once. And, based on the positive results of the necessary additional diagnostic measures, appropriate treatment should be prescribed as soon as possible.

The diagnosis, ascertaining the presence of cysts in the ovaries, is made in cases at the time when a combination of at least two of the following factors takes place:

The presence of impaired functioning of the ovary, the consequence of which is a failure in the regularity of the menstrual cycle, and the absence of ovulation and the inability to become pregnant
The phenomenon of excessive production of male androgen hormones for the female body. Hyperandrogenism leads to the appearance of an increased amount of hair on the body, provokes acne, leads to increased greasiness of the skin and seborrhea.
Found during an echoscopic or laparoscopic study, an increase in the size of the ovary and the presence of cystic transformations in it.

Diagnosis of cystic transformation of the ovary is carried out using a number of methods of instrumental studies and laboratory tests. Their use is preceded by a non-specialized examination in order to find out the type of physique, the condition of the mucous membranes and skin, the temperament of hair growth, etc.; and passing by the lady of the vaginal-abdominal examination on the gynecological chair to detect the transformation of the size of the ovary and the presence of seals.

Ultrasound examination suggests that the ovary is enlarged, has a dense capsule, and there are many small follicular cysts on the periphery. According to the results of doplerometry, increased blood flow in the vessels of the ovary is noted.

A laboratory blood test is done to find out the content of hormones produced by the ovaries, pituitary gland, adrenal glands.

It allows to give confirmation of cystic transformations of the ovary, in addition to carrying out laparoscopy.

Echo-signs of cystic transformation of the ovaries

Ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs allows a visual assessment of the condition of the ovaries, and helps to identify probable transformations in the thickness of the mucous membrane of the uterine membrane. The transvaginal method of conducting ultrasound of the pelvic organs in women is contained in the introduction of a special ultrasound probe into the vagina. This diagnostic device, emitting special sound waves of a very high frequency range, transmits the reflected signal to the screen of a computer monitor, where an image of the internal organs located in the small pelvis is recreated, among which are also the ovaries. The use of transvaginal echography makes it possible to achieve a greater degree of information in the study, if compared with the transabdominal type of ultrasound diagnostics. When the sensor is placed in the vagina, it becomes possible to visually analyze the contents that take place in the preovulatory follicles, find out the stage of oocyte maturity, and diagnose endometriosis in its small forms. In addition, this method of study is effective in polycystic ovaries, and allows diagnosing uterine pregnancy in obese women in the presence of adhesion formation processes in the pelvic area.

Echo signs of cystic transformation of the ovaries when visualized on the screen of an ultrasound device look like a so-called string of pearls. This designation was used to describe what the ovarian follicles look like on ultrasound. Any of the black circles on the computer image is an image of an ovarian cyst.

Treatment of cystic transformation of the ovary

Treatment of cystic transformation of the ovary is based on a comprehensive approach and is prescribed after a comprehensive diagnosis has been completed. The courses of treatment for this disease are long and include, if there is such a need, the use of drugs that affect the hormonal sphere of the female body. The main directions on which all therapeutic measures are oriented are the promotion of the restoration and normalization of the processes associated with ovulation and the menstrual cycle, the woman's ability to bear children.

Depending on the indications, the stage and severity of the disease, and other concomitant factors, the treatment of cystic transformation of the ovary can be performed conservatively, or by the method of timely intervention.

The essence of conservative treatment lies in the fact that hormonal drugs are prescribed: anti-estrogens; combined oral contraceptives of anti-androgenic action, which manifests itself in the restoration of the menstrual cycle, and due to which hyperandrogenism passes; gonadotropins - ovulation stimulants.

In those cases, at a time when treatment with conservative methods may not be effective enough, and in addition, if endometriotic hyperplasia begins, the surgical method of treatment becomes relevant. Today, operations for cysts in the ovary are mostly performed by the laparoscopic method and are characterized by a low degree of trauma. During the surgical intervention, a wedge-shaped resection is created, the essence of which is the partial removal of ovarian tissue that has undergone cystic transformations. Another type of timely intervention is cauterization, or cauterization, of the affected areas of the ovary. Due to this, there is a decrease in the level of androgen production, and ovulation is normalized.

At the end of the surgical intervention, the possibility of becoming pregnant remains in 65% of women who have undergone this operation. The most favorable period for this is during the first six months after the end of treatment.

More about treatment

Prevention of cystic transformation of the ovary

Prevention of cystic transformation of the ovary is of great importance due to the fact that a complete cure for this disease, if it occurs, does not seem likely. The main task of treatment is mainly to provide the maximum favorable conditions and to help increase the possibility of becoming pregnant. Ladies who live with this disease, at the time when they are planning a child, are prescribed a treatment course aimed at restoring and stimulating the development of the egg. Because with increasing age, cystic transformations of the ovaries tend to progress, pregnancy should be planned as early as possible.

Prevention of cystic transformation of the ovary is a series of mandatory rules and regulations, following which will reduce the risk of the onset of this disease. In order to be as safe as possible from such a possibility, it is enough to adhere to recommendations on preventive measures similar to those in relation to all other diseases of the female genitourinary system. One of the very first and simple rules to follow is the need for a regular visit by the appropriate medical expert to undergo a gynecological examination. Detection of the disease at its early stage increases the possibility of a favorable ending in time for the prescribed treatment, and allows you to avoid many side effects and complications associated with its progress. The most formidable of which is infertility.

An important reason besides this is the prevention of infections, inflammations and diseases that can adversely affect the functioning of the ovaries.

During the puberty of girls, it is their mothers responsibility to take an interest in the state of their female health, and if there is a suspicion of the possibility of cysts in the ovaries, take the daughter to a qualified gynecologist as soon as possible.

Prognosis of cystic transformation of the ovary

The prognosis of cystic transformation of the ovary is favorable to the extent that the timely recognized symptoms and transformations in the body of the lady made it possible to assert that this disease is taking place. If the diagnosis is made in the early stages, at the beginning of the development of the pathological process and the necessary treatment is prescribed without delay, this disease can be effectively cured.

In the event that the disease, as it progresses, has managed to reach its rather severe stages, this causes the prognosis of cystic transformation of the ovary of a very negative nature. One of the main aggravating factors along with this is such a feature of the mechanisms of development and course of this disease as its carcinogenic properties. This indicates that if untimely or untreated, it can cause malignant processes in the endometrium of the uterus.

In addition, cysts in the ovary act as a factor provoking bleeding in the uterus. But the most important result of neglected and timely measures against cystic transformations in the ovary is a significantly increased risk of infertility.

Otherwise, despite the fact that it is usually believed that this disease and the ability to become pregnant, bear and give birth to a child are mutually exclusive phenomena, this is by no means a court decision. With proper treatment, the lady has every chance to experience the euphoria of motherhood.

- premature cessation of ovarian function in women under 40 years of age who previously had normal menstrual and reproductive function. Ovarian exhaustion syndrome is manifested by secondary amenorrhea, infertility, vegetative-vascular disorders. Diagnosis of ovarian failure syndrome is based on data from functional and drug tests, hormone levels, ultrasound, laparoscopic ovarian biopsy. The treatment uses HRT, physiotherapy, vitamin therapy. To achieve pregnancy, patients with ovarian failure syndrome require IVF using donor oocytes.

Treatment of ovarian failure syndrome

Therapy for ovarian failure syndrome is aimed at correcting vegetative-vascular and estrogen-deficient conditions - general well-being, urogenital disorders, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular pathology. The best results are achieved with the appointment of HRT in the mode

When cystic changes are detected in the ovaries, experts primarily talk about the pathology of the thyroid gland or. The fact is that cystosis is a consequence of disorders of the endocrine organs.

Cystic degeneration is an endocrine pathology associated with hormonal imbalance in the female body. As a result, multiple cavities are formed in the reproductive organs, which gradually increase in size, fill with liquid and become like a bunch of grapes.

Types of cystic changes

Cystic transformation is small cystic and large cystic. At the same time, small cystic degeneration of the ovaries poses a lesser danger to women's health than large cysts. Therefore, pathological changes in the organs of reproduction must be strictly controlled in order to prevent serious complications.

Diagnose cystic changes in both the right and left ovaries. More severe hormonal disorders provoke bilateral functional disorders. As practice shows, with a unilateral lesion, a woman is able to conceive and bear healthy offspring. With bilateral polycystosis, she does not have such an opportunity. As a result, secondary infertility is formed.

The reasons

Most often, this pathology is associated with excessive production of androgen. A similar situation occurs during puberty in young girls, in females in adulthood - with menopause.

Such a hormonal imbalance is observed in the following cases:

prolonged hormone therapy;
with endocrine diseases, in particular, pathology of the thyroid gland;
with frequent abortions, more often at a young age;
the use of tablet forms of contraceptives;
As a result of obesity;
And for type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Important causes of development are nervous tension and depression. Women who experience frequent stress and nervous tension are most susceptible to small cystic changes.

In addition, the role of provocateurs of the pathology of the reproductive organs can be:

heredity;
climate change;
frequent respiratory infections accompanied by functional insufficiency;
decreased immune defense.

When choosing a treatment regimen, it is necessary to rely precisely on the cause that caused the formation of a cystic ovary.

Symptoms

Polycystic ovary pathology of the reproductive system affects all internal organs and systems, which can be expressed in the following clinical symptoms:

Irregularity of menstruation or in the complete absence (menstrual syndrome);
no pregnancy;
copious discharge during menstruation;
increase in body weight;
pain syndrome, in particular, in the small pelvis on the left or right.

Symptoms and signs of cystic degeneration of the ovaries are also skin problems, namely acne and a change in skin type to an oily version. Often in women with education, hair falls out or, conversely, grows profusely. In the latter case, we are talking about right-sided damage to the reproductive organs. When such symptoms appear, it is necessary to exclude not only ovarian cysts, but also oncology. To this end, you need to visit a gynecologist and undergo a series of examinations, in particular, a blood test for gonadotropin.

Diagnosis scheme

As a rule, for the diagnosis of cystic degeneration of the ovaries, it is enough for a woman to do an ultrasound examination. With the help of ultrasound, it is possible to detect a cyst, collect information about its structure, shape and size. It is ultrasound that allows you to completely eliminate medical errors in the detection of such diseases.

Treatment

Based on the results of the examination, the specialist will think over an individual treatment plan. The doctor will prescribe medication or surgery. With the help of laparoscopy, pathologically altered tissues are removed. After the operation, the female body recovers quickly enough.

The following drugs are used as conservative therapy:
Oral contraceptives (Logest). Contraceptives are necessary to restore hormonal levels. The composition of the preparations promotes self-resorption of cysts.
Antibacterial drugs. With a confirmed bacterial origin of cystic foci, broad-spectrum antibiotics are prescribed.
Vitamins. Vitamin complexes are necessary to launch reserve mechanisms and increase immunity.
In the presence of pain syndrome, painkillers are indicated in the age dosage. All medicines must be taken strictly according to the instructions and only as prescribed by the doctor.

Possible consequences

It is important to understand that ovarian cysts, like any disease of the female reproductive system, require the attention of specialists. It is not recommended to resort to self-medication, including using. Such actions are fraught with the development of infertility and malignancy.

Cystic neoplasms during pregnancy:

Often they become the reason for the inability to get pregnant. If pregnancy does occur, then the danger to the life of the mother and fetus increases. This fact is explained by the fact that bearing a child is accompanied by pressure on the surrounding tissues, which can lead to rupture of cysts and the outflow of their contents into the abdominal space.
If a woman has undergone surgery, then she is not recommended to become pregnant for 2-3 months. It is this period that is necessary for the complete recovery of the female body after surgical treatment.
In the case when it is not possible to save both ovaries after the removal of one organ, infertility occurs. In this case, IVF can become an option for pregnancy.

Ovarian degeneration is a disease, but it is not a death sentence. For a woman who wants to conceive and bear a healthy child. It is important to consult a doctor in a timely manner, complete a full course of examination and treatment.

Upon confirmation, it is necessary to follow all medical recommendations: regularly visit a gynecologist for a routine examination and take prescribed medications.

An effective remedy for cysts without surgery and hormones, recommended by Irina Yakovleva!

Infertility is a difficult diagnosis for a woman. It can be caused by various reasons, among which is cystic degeneration of the ovaries. This is a functional pathology, which consists in the fact that mature eggs do not leave the follicle, therefore, as a result, fertilization becomes impossible. The main reason is a violation of hormonal regulation in the female body; its normalization in most cases leads to a successful cure.

Polycystic ovary change

Ovarian multicystosis (polycystic, cystic degeneration) is a structural and functional abnormality of the ovaries. In a healthy body, at a certain point in the monthly cycle, a mature gonadal follicle ruptures and an egg ready for fertilization comes out of it. This process is called ovulation. If for some reason it does not occur, the function of the organ is impaired.

An intact follicle continues to grow and develop. It looks like a bubble filled with liquid. This is a functional ovarian cyst. The walls of the bladder stretch over time, the cyst increases. Even in healthy women, such malfunctions in the work of the gonads can occur from time to time, but sometimes they become systemic, and then all the follicles develop in a cystic type. Ovulation of germ cells stops, without which conception and pregnancy are impossible.

The gonads of a woman who has undergone cystic changes increase in size. Their structure is transformed: numerous follicular cysts appear, resembling a bunch of grapes. Pathology can be unilateral (less often) or affect both ovaries at once. In the first case, it is possible for a woman to preserve reproductive function, since one gland continues to function normally. Bilateral rebirth is tantamount to infertility.

Causes of cystic degeneration of the gonads

At the heart of violations of the worked out mechanisms of the functioning of the female reproductive system are hormonal disruptions. In the body of a woman, the male sex hormone androgen begins to be produced in an increased amount. There is a theory linking polycystic pathologies with an abnormal decrease in the sensitivity of body tissues to insulin.

The most susceptible to the development of the disease are young women with unrealized reproductive function and girls in the period of maturation (primary polycystic). This is due to the special hormonal situation that develops in their body.

Any drastic changes in the hormonal background, which can be caused by such factors as:

taking oral contraceptives;
treatment with hormonal drugs;
abortions, complicated pregnancies;
diseases of the endocrine system (thyroid, hypothalamic-pituitary system, adrenal glands);
type 2 diabetes mellitus;
hyperandrogenism of any etiology;
puberty of the female body;
dramatic change in climate and diet;
stressful situations;
overweight, obesity.

In addition, it can develop against the background of inflammatory gynecological diseases or be hereditarily acquired.

The immediate cause of the disorder is the thickening of the ovarian follicle capsule, which does not rupture at the right time.

Symptoms and diagnosis of multicystic pathology

A woman can observe the implementation of the sex gland of its function every month. The first symptom of the pathology is a violation of the menstrual cycle or even the complete absence of menstruation (hypooligomenorrhea - rare and short periods; their complete absence).
Change in the general condition of the patient. Hormonal disruptions affect well-being, mood. The woman becomes irritable, falls into depression, complains of headaches, increased fatigue.
In the pelvis, pain may develop in the projection of the ovaries.
There is an unreasonable increase in body weight, obesity.
Hirsutism is observed - increased body and facial hair according to the male type, skin and hair become oily, acne appears.
Endocrine disorders lead to the development of fibrocystic mastopathy.

The described symptoms are often perceived as signs of puberty or PMS and rarely serve as a reason to see a doctor. Most often, it is futile attempts to get pregnant, carried out for a long time, that lead a woman to a gynecologist.

It is possible to detect ovarian degeneration at a routine gynecological examination or during an ultrasound examination prescribed for the diagnosis of other diseases. Pathological polycystic ovaries are enlarged in size, consist of a bunch of degenerate follicles.

Clinical tests determine:

high levels of sugar and insulin in the patient's blood;
increased levels of androgens (testosterone, androstenedione) and luteinizing hormone, which is responsible for the regulation of the ovulation process; the level of fats in the blood.

To confirm the diagnosis, transvaginal or transabdominal ultrasound is prescribed, if necessary, laparoscopic diagnostics. All these methods reveal enlarged ovaries with a changed cystic structure and a reduced uterus.

Before prescribing treatment, the doctor analyzes the microflora of the reproductive system and concomitant infectious diseases.

How to treat cystic ovarian degeneration?

Not so long ago, surgery was considered the main method of treatment for polycystic ovarian pathologies. The abnormal ovary was excised, the part most affected by cysts was removed. After the operation, there was a high probability of developing complications, adhesions, and the woman's reproductive ability was not always restored.

Less commonly, conservative treatment with hormonal drugs (antiandrogens, estrogens, natural progestins in various combinations) was performed. The menstrual cycle after that was often restored, but the causes of the disease were not eliminated, and the treatment of infertility was not always effective. In addition, secondary symptoms remained and worsened (overweight, oily skin).

With the development of medicine and the advent of new drugs, treatment has become more effective. It depends on the progress of the disease and the degree of violation of the reproductive and endocrine functions.

Medical therapy

Normalization of the patient's body weight by following a therapeutic diet and moderate physical activity. This measure leads to a partial (or complete) restoration of hormonal balance.
Appointment of hypoglycemic drugs (metformin, glitazones) and agents that increase insulin susceptibility of tissues for several months (up to six months).
Finally, ovulation stimulants are prescribed (dopamine antagonists, Clomiphene, Metrodin, Menogon, Menopur).

Radical surgical treatment

The operation is indicated in the absence of positive changes in the ovaries after drug therapy. The part of the organ affected by cysts is removed through small incisions in the abdominal wall. As a result, the production of androgens sharply decreases, after a few weeks the menstrual cycle is restored and ovulation is normalized.

It is possible to carry out laparoscopic electro- or laser coagulation of the gonads, in which the destruction of pathological areas is carried out.

Six months after a successful operation, a woman can plan a pregnancy. Fertility is restored in 70% of cases.

Polycystic degeneration of the female gonads is a serious pathology that can lead to dangerous complications, up to the development of oncological processes. With timely and proper treatment, the childbearing function of a woman is completely restored.

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Cystic change in the ovaries is a hormonal disease. In other words, the ovaries, which in itself, with timely treatment, does not pose a serious threat to women's health. The worst thing that can be with this is the lack of ovulation.

The ovaries produce not only female sex hormones (progesterone and estrogen), but also male sex hormones (androgens). But when there is a cystic change in the ovaries, the balance between them is disturbed. And due to the fact that the amount of androgen produced significantly exceeds the production of female sex hormones, ovulation does not begin.

The most important sign that indicates the presence of this disease is a large number of small cysts (follicles) in the ovary. So, for example, a cystic change in the right ovary on ultrasound will look like an ovary, significantly enlarged in size. There are many small cysts along its structural periphery. But in the initial stages, this disease is conservatively treated with hormonal drugs.

This disease is most often caused by dysfunction of the adrenal glands, female sex glands and thyroid gland, hypothalamic-pituitary system, as well as hereditary predisposition. Nowadays, more and more often this disease is associated with an excess of insulin, which is able to stimulate the production of androgen.

Ovarian cysts have a number of signs and symptoms. In 100% of women suffering from this disease, the symptoms are primary infertility, lack of ovulation, menstrual irregularities (like oligo-amenorrhea), excessive body hair growth. An increase in the size of the ovaries is not always observed. More than 50% of women have an increase in testosterone and LH levels, and hirsutism also occurs. And less than 50% of them suffer from acne, obesity or alopecia.

The most accurate and complete diagnosis is determined not only by ultrasound. This still requires other specific analyses. It is necessary to donate blood for hormones and for biochemical analysis. You will also need tests for latent infections, a smear for microflora and a clinical analysis of blood and urine.

There are true (primary) and secondary polycystic. In the first case, this is a hereditary disease, and in the second - a consequence of ovarian disease. The cause may be stress, a sharp decrease or increase in weight, taking contraceptives, breastfeeding. If you do not resort to treatment in a timely manner, it threatens infertility.

Often there are cystic-glial changes in the ovaries, which are cicatricial adhesive changes during surgery. They are not dangerous in themselves, but only if the growth of the tumor does not continue. Inflammation is often the cause of this disease. Most importantly, if the inflammatory process is detected, take timely measures to eliminate it. Otherwise, it will be quite difficult to cure polycystic ovaries.

Not so long ago, it was believed that the only way to treat this pathology is surgery. At the present time, the use of hormonal drugs is first prescribed, provided that there are no tubal factors of infertility. For those who are still sick and obese, weight loss is a prerequisite for therapy.

If the disease goes away for a long time without any treatment, it can lead to uterine cancer and even breast cancer. That is why all girls and women who have such a diagnosis as a cystic change in the ovaries should undergo periodic courses of treatment with hormonal drugs, starting from adolescence.