Presentation on vitamin b9. Vitamin B9. Folic acid. Systematic name of riboflavin
Folic acid (lat. acidum
folicum, folacin; from lat. folium-leaf) -
water-soluble vitamin B9 essential for
growth and development of the circulatory and immune
systems. Along with folic acid
Vitamins also include its derivatives, including
including di-, tri-, polyglutamates and others. All
such derivatives together with folic acid
grouped under the name folacin.
Chemical formula
C19H19N7O6 Structural formulaScale model of a molecule
in space
Discovery history
In 1931, researcher Lucy Wills reported thatthat taking yeast extract helps
cure anemia in pregnant women. it
observation led researchers in the late 1930s
years to the identification of folic acid as the main
acting factor in the composition of yeast. Folic
acid was obtained from spinach leaves in 1941 and
first synthesized chemically in 1945.
biological significance
Folic acid is essential for building andmaintaining healthy new cells,
therefore, its presence is especially important during periods of rapid
development of the organism - at the stage of early intrauterine
development and early childhood.
biological significance
The process of DNA replication requires the participation of folateacids, and disruption of this process increases
risk of developing cancer
biological significance
The bone marrow suffers from a lack of folic acid, in whichactive cell division occurs. progenitor cells
red blood cells produced in the bone marrow
folic acid deficiency increase in size, forming
so-called megaloblasts and leading to megaloblastic
anemia.
Daily rate
Adults - 400 mcgPregnant women - 600 mcg
Breastfeeding women - 500 mcg
Children - 150 to 300 mcg per day Animals and humans do not synthesize folic acid.
acid, getting it with food, or thanks to
synthesis by intestinal microflora. Folic acid in significant amounts
found in leafy green vegetables,
some citrus fruits, in legumes, in flour bread
coarse grinding, yeast, liver, part of
honey.
Hypovitaminosis
Rarely develops, mainly with violations of its absorptionorganism.
Symptoms of hypovitaminosis: "red tongue", anemia, apathy,
fatigue, insomnia, anxiety, disturbances
indigestion, graying, growth retardation, difficulty
breathing, memory problems, birth defects
offspring.
With a deficiency of folic acid in a pregnant woman, the
the likelihood of developing toxicosis, depression, appear
pain in the legs, anemia of pregnant women develops.
Hypervitaminosis
Large doses of folic acid are sometimes caused in childrendyspepsia, increased excitability of the central nervous system, can lead to
hypertrophy and hyperplasia of epithelial cells of the kidneys.
Long-term use of large doses of folic acid is not
recommended due to the possibility of a decrease in blood
vitamin B12 concentrations. GENERAL DATA ON THE ACTION OF FOLIC ACID:
Folic acid is actively involved in the regulation processes
functions of the hematopoietic organs, has an anti-anemic effect
with macrocytic anemia.
Folic acid affects the functions of the intestines and liver, increases
the content of choline in the liver and prevents its fatty infiltration.
Folic acid supports the immune system
normal formation and functioning of white blood cells.
Folic acid plays an important role in pregnancy. She governs
the formation of embryonic nerve cells, which is extremely important for normal
development. Daily folic acid intake in the early stages
pregnancy can prevent such defects of the fetal nerve trunk as
anencephaly and spina bifida (spina bifida) in 75% of cases.
In addition, folic acid prevents premature birth,
premature birth and premature rupture of the amniotic
shells.
Folic acid is indispensable for relieving postpartum depression, as
that it can rightly be called the most important "female" vitamin.
In high doses, folic acid has an estrogen-like effect,
it can slow down the onset of menopause and relieve its symptoms, and in
adolescent girls, it can correct delayed sexual development.
Folic acid (lat. acidum folicum, folacin; from lat. folium leaf) is a water-soluble vitamin B 9 necessary for the growth and development of the circulatory and immune systems. Along with folic acid, vitamins include its derivatives, including di-, tri-, polyglutamates and others. All such derivatives, together with folic acid, are combined under the name folacin.lat. circulatory immune system vitamins
Discovery History In 1931, researcher Lucy Wills reported that taking a yeast extract helped cure anemia in pregnant women. This observation led researchers in the late 1930s to identify folic acid as the main active ingredient in yeast. Pholic acid was obtained from spinach leaves in 1941 and was first chemically synthesized in Lucy Wills yeast extract of anemia spinach.
Biological significance From the lack of folic acid, the bone marrow suffers, in which there is an active division of cells. Progenitor cells of red blood cells, which are formed in the bone marrow, increase in size in folic acid deficiency, forming the so-called megaloblasts and leading to megaloblastic anemia.
Daily Value Adults mcg Pregnant women mcg Breastfeeding women mcg Children up to 300 mcg per day
Hypovitaminosis Rarely develops, mainly in violation of its absorption by the body. Symptoms of hypovitaminosis: red tongue, anemia, apathy, fatigue, insomnia, anxiety, indigestion, graying, growth retardation, shortness of breath, memory problems, birth defects of offspring. With a deficiency of folic acid in a pregnant woman, the likelihood of developing toxicosis, depression increases, pain in the legs appears, and anemia of pregnant women develops.
Hypervitaminosis Large doses of folic acid sometimes cause dyspepsia in children, an increase in the excitability of the central nervous system, and can lead to hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the epithelial cells of the kidneys. Long-term use of large doses of folic acid is not recommended due to the possibility of a decrease in the blood concentration of vitamin B12.
GENERAL INFORMATION ON THE ACTION OF FOLIC ACID: Pholic acid takes an active part in the processes of regulation of the functions of the hematopoietic organs, has an antianemic effect in macrocytic anemia. Pholic acid affects the functions of the intestines and liver, increases the content of choline in the liver and prevents its fatty infiltration. Pholic acid supports the immune system by contributing to the normal formation and function of white blood cells. Pholic acid plays an important role in pregnancy. It regulates the formation of embryonic nerve cells, which is extremely important for normal development. Daily intake of folic acid in early pregnancy can prevent fetal nerve trunk defects such as anencephaly and spina bifida in 75% of cases. In addition, folic acid prevents premature birth, premature birth and premature rupture of the amniotic membrane. Folic acid is indispensable for relieving postpartum depression, so it can rightfully be called the most important female vitamin. In high doses, folic acid has an estrogen-like effect, it can delay the onset of menopause and alleviate its symptoms, and in adolescent girls, it can correct delayed puberty.
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B vitamins There are many vitamins of the B group, but B1, or thiamine, is considered the main one; B2, or riboflavin; B3, B6, or pyridoxine; AT 5; B9, B12; H1, or biotin. Other B vitamins are also known - choline, inositol, etc.
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The main properties of B vitamins: All B vitamins have the following properties: they are soluble in water, are part of enzymes or activate them, affecting life processes even in the smallest doses. All B vitamins, except for inositol, contain nitrogen, which means they provide protein building in the body.
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The main properties of B vitamins: This group of vitamins is necessary primarily to strengthen the nervous and endocrine systems, but not only! With regular consumption of food rich in B vitamins, the aging process can be slowed down and even reversed. Good sources of B vitamins are brewer's yeast, liver, and grains.
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Vitamin B1 (thiamine) Thiamine (vitamin B1) is indispensable for the normal functioning of the nervous system. With its deficiency, certain disorders occur, in particular polyneuritis. If you have constipation, this is primarily a symptom of vitamin B1 deficiency.
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Functions of vitamin B1 (thiamine) With a pronounced lack of vitamin B1, legs begin to hurt. The normal content of vitamin B1 in the body maintains good health, optimism, relieves fatigue, irritability, nervousness, fears, maintains a good healthy appetite, improves digestion and regulates the work of the stomach.
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Properties of vitamin B1 (thiamine) Vitamin B1 does not accumulate in the body. Unfortunately, we do not have stocks of it from which we could obtain additional quantities if necessary. This vitamin must be delivered to the body daily with food, which is not so easy. Vitamin is fragile: it easily decomposes at prolonged high temperatures, as well as in the presence of alkalis.
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When and who needs vitamin B1 Most of all, children in the period of intensive growth need vitamin B1, especially if they have been taught to consume sugar, sweets and flour products. Women over 50 need even more thiamine. But not only aging women suffer from a lack of this vitamin, but also 40% of young people. No wonder we so often see these "eternally tired" girls, restless, nervous, depressed.
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Causes that lead to the loss of vitamin B1: Many people eat mainly white bread - as if "because of the liver" or "gastric diseases", but in this way they only aggravate their situation. Eating white, and especially fresh bread, is like stuffing your stomach with cotton wool. The grain from which this bread is baked has undergone such bleaching, such industrial processing, that there are no longer any vitamins and microelements.
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Alcohol Alcohol. Not only does alcohol impede the absorption of vitamin B1, makes people suffering from alcoholism, irritable, tired, lack of initiative, but it also contributes to the occurrence of cancer of the mouth, throat, larynx, and less often - the esophagus.
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Canned Foods Canned foods in our diet also deplete the body of thiamine. During sterilization within 25 - 28 minutes, 20 - 25% of vitamin B1 and 3 - 6% of vitamin B6 are lost, and during heat treatment for 35 - 45 minutes, vitamin B1 is destroyed by 30 - 58%. With home canning, losses can be even greater, as pasteurization must be longer, especially for meat and other protein products, to prevent the formation of dangerous sausage poison.
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Coffee Why does coffee destroy at least 50% of vitamin B1 in our body? Caffeine itself is not able to destroy thiamine, but the amount of hydrochloric acid that is released in the stomach for digestion when coffee appears there increases. This destroys vitamin B1. Tea is also not as harmless as many think. If you brew it hard and drink a lot, it causes the same damage to the body as coffee. Teas must be leaf, flower, not subjected to industrial processing.
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Found in: Brewer's yeast, sprouted wheat grains, bran, liver are the richest sources of vitamin B1. Sunflower seeds and sesame seeds are also rich in thiamine; Before the advent of appropriate pharmaceuticals, doctors successfully treated beriberi and its initial symptoms with these products. Raw oatmeal is also recommended. Experts believe that they have 4 times more vitamin B1 than boiled ones.
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Vitamin B1 Norms for Population Groups Population Minimum Daily Allowance (Vitamin B1 requirement, mg) Children under 7 years of age 1 mg Children 7 to 14 years of age 1.5 mg Youth over 14 years of age 2 mg Adults performing moderate physical work 2 mg. .. Severe 2.5 mg... very severe 3 mg Pregnant women 2.5 mg Breastfeeding mothers 3 mg Table shows minimum values
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