Irritable bladder syndrome symptoms and treatment. What is irritable bladder syndrome? Bladder neck irritation in men

(SRMP) is a disease characterized by uncontrolled contraction of the muscle tissue of an organ, which causes increased urination.

Any person is susceptible to the syndrome, whether it is a child, an adult woman or a man.

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But mostly women are prone to the disease, because. their urinary system has freer paths for pathogens and microbes.

Doctors say that the disease is often psychosomatic in nature, rather than the inflammatory nature of the genitourinary system. This statement is explained by the fact that neurosis develops with frequent urges.

Irritable Bladder Syndrome: Symptoms and Signs

The main symptoms of irritable bladder syndrome are:

Itching and burning in the urethra or perineum, lower third of the abdomen, vagina;
Frequent desire to visit the toilet at night;
Incessant feeling of insufficient emptying of the organ;
Strong urge to empty, accompanied by a small amount of fluid released;
The volume of urine does not match the amount of fluid drunk;
Painful sensations, cramps when urinating.

Often signs of irritable bladder syndrome are confused with symptoms of cystitis acute or chronic form, which has an infectious component.

Urges of spontaneous sharp nature occur up to 15 times a day. Sometimes a person does not have time to reach the toilet room, the genitals become numb, and are not able to hold a full bladder.

In rare cases, irritable bowel syndrome manifests itself, i.e. abdominal cramps, colic, esophageal disorders.

Patients have completely different manifestations of the disease. Some may have a single symptom, such as itching, while others have a full range of signs of manifestation.

It is difficult to independently determine the syndrome of an irritable bladder, taking into account the listed signs.

Therefore, it is very important to diagnose SRMP at an early stage of development and start treatment in order to avoid complications spreading to neighboring organs.

Causes

Symptoms of irritable bladder syndrome provoke neurogenic factors and factors of physiological manifestation.

Causes of neurogenicity include:

Diseases of the central nervous system: traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, etc.;
Diseases of the brain and spinal cord: intervertebral hernia, meningitis, encephalitis, lumbar stenosis, osteochondrosis, etc.;
alcohol abuse;
Diabetes mellitus type I and II;
Dysfunction of the lumbar spine;
Complications after taking drugs that affect the central nervous system.

Other causes of overactive bladder include:

Inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system: infections, atrophy of the mucous membrane of the ureter;
Prostatitis, prostate adenoma;
Somatic diseases: abdominal trauma, urinary tract obstruction, etc.;
Increased sensitivity of receptors due to hormonal disorders;
The state of depression, stress.

If the causes of the development of the syndrome are not found, then it is considered that the hyperactivity is of the idiopathic type.

Diagnostics

Irritable bladder syndrome is difficult to diagnose.

Arriving at an appointment with a urologist, the doctor carefully interviews the patient and collects an anamnesis.

Within 5-7 days, it is necessary to observe the patient in order to exclude chronic cystitis and other inflammatory diseases, urolithiasis, neoplasms in the genital area. For this, the following diagnostic methods are used:

Ultrasound of the pelvis and abdominal region;
Blood and urine tests to detect infections;
Comprehensive urodynamic examination;
Examination of the prostate in men.

Only after a complete diagnosis of the genitourinary system of the body can a diagnosis be made and treatment therapy prescribed.

Treatment of irritable bladder syndrome

After diagnosing the disease, the urologist prescribes treatment. As a rule, therapy begins with the use of conservative methods of treatment:

The patient must control his trips to the toilet. A regimen is established according to which the patient is obliged to empty himself every 2 hours, even if he does not feel such a desire;

Taking sedative drugs that affect the nervous system. The doctor prescribes the dosage and choice of certain tablets or drops individually.

Never self-administer sedatives to treat SRMP. The wrong choice of drugs can aggravate the psychosomatics of the disease.

If the treatment of irritable bladder syndrome does not lead to a noticeable result within 2 months, then Botox injections are used.

Botulinum toxin is injected into the wall of the bladder, at first the muscles relax greatly, but after a couple of months, urinary activity will be restored.

If the patient develops signs of manifestation: pain intensifies, urinary incontinence develops, urges without emptying, the perineum becomes numb, etc., then these are signs of complications.

In this case, an operation is necessary.

Treatment with folk remedies

"Grandmother's recipes" are capable of supplementing the drug treatment of urinary hyperactivity.

Popular recipes for infusions that have a positive effect on the restoration of organs:

St. John's wort tea will help replace drinks such as coffee and tea. Preparing a drink is simple - you need to take 1-2 tsp. dry grass and pour a liter of boiling water. Insist for a day. You can drink an unlimited number of times;
As the main drink during the day, you can use a decoction of lingonberries. You need to pour a couple of tablespoons of berries with a liter of boiling water, wait an hour, cool and drink;
Plantain infusion will help relieve inflammation from the walls of the bladder. A handful of dry leaves are soaked in hot water, filtered after an hour and consumed one third of a glass three times a day.

Remember that the treatment of SRMP with folk remedies will not help to completely solve an unpleasant problem, efficiency is achieved only in combination with the main treatment.

Disease prevention

The fulfillment of certain conditions as preventive measures will facilitate the manifestation of the syndrome.

So what are these steps:

Say "no" to any carbonated drinks, coffee and tea;
Refrain from drinking liquids a couple of hours before bedtime. You will not often wake up and run to the toilet;
Learn to empty the entire volume of the bladder. To do this, going to the toilet should be double - first on call, and then after a couple of minutes;
Strengthen your back muscles and pelvic muscle tissue with specific sports exercises.

Gradually, the bladder will get used to the regimen and you will no longer be bothered by frequent urges.

Any manifestations of disorders of the urinary system of the body require immediate consultation with a urologist. Otherwise, complications such as intoxication of the body, malfunctions in the work of neighboring organs, etc. are possible.

Useful video

Check out visually interesting material on the topic of an irritated bladder in the video below:

Frequent urge to urinate, episodes of incontinence, a feeling that the bladder is always full - with these problems, people rarely go to the doctor. Meanwhile, these symptoms are really problematic, because they significantly worsen the quality of life, can cause depression. Few people know, but irritable bladder syndrome can and should be treated - moreover, both with medication and folk methods. But what cannot be done is to let the health problem take its course. The condition may gradually get worse and worse. Therefore, it is better to consult a doctor as soon as possible.

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ICD-10 code

N31.2 Neurogenic bladder weakness, not elsewhere classified

Epidemiology

Irritable bladder syndrome affects approximately one in five of the adult population of the planet. In women, the problem is found somewhat more often. For example, according to statistics, in the post-Soviet space, 16% of women have a similar disease.

The predominant age of patients suffering from the syndrome is from 40 years and above. Men are more likely to get the syndrome after 50-60 years.

The frequency of detection of irritable bladder syndrome can be compared with the incidence of diabetes mellitus or depressive states - all these diseases occur with approximately the same frequency. However, a characteristic feature of the syndrome is that even in the most developed countries, up to 70% of patients do not receive the necessary treatment due to failure to seek medical attention. Most suffering people prefer to adapt, changing their usual rhythm of life, and significantly lowering the quality of life:

long trips and walks become problematic;
the quality of night rest worsens;
the patient becomes asocial, performance deteriorates.

Medical workers complain about the lack of awareness of people about this problem. After all, this disease can be cured by relieving the patient of many life difficulties associated with the constant "attachment" to the toilet.

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Causes of irritable bladder syndrome

Causes of a neurogenic nature: diseases and disorders affecting the central and peripheral nervous system (cerebrovascular accident, Parkinson's disease, senile dementia, multiple sclerosis, osteochondrosis, traumatic injuries of the spinal column, complications after surgical interventions on the spine, vertebral spondylarthrosis, vertebral hernia, myelomeningocele) .
Reasons not related to neurogenic:
- Infravesical obstructive condition (prostatic adenoma, narrowing of the urethra). Due to this pathological condition, the muscular layer of the bladder is hypertrophied. As a result, the energy costs of muscle tissue increase, and at the same time, the quality of blood circulation decreases: there is a lack of oxygen. Then denervation occurs, nerve cells die.
- Age changes. With age, the regenerative abilities of tissues decrease, blood supply is disturbed, atrophic processes occur in the urothelium with further denervation.
- Anatomical features of the vesicourethral region.
- Sensory disorders. Such disorders occur as a result of increased secretion of peptides from sensitive nerve fibers (in particular, urinary tachykinins), which increase the degree of conductivity and excitability of the nerve structures of the bladder. Similar disorders can also occur against the background of intravesical atrophic processes, acute or prolonged estrogen deficiency.

In addition, idiopathic irritable bladder syndrome is distinguished. This term is called a pathology, the causes of which cannot be found out.

Risk factors

Factors contributing to the development of irritable bladder syndrome are:

old age (after 40 years in women, after 50-60 years in men);
the presence of irritable bowel syndrome;
frequent depressive states;
emotional lability, lack of resistance to stress, chronic overexertion of the nervous system;
chronic inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system.

According to experts, women's predisposition to the development of irritable bladder syndrome is explained by the relatively low level of serotonin in the brain. This level drops with any changes in the hormonal background, so a woman becomes practically defenseless against many such pathologies.

Elderly patients are prone to the development of irritable bladder syndrome, since with age they decrease the degree of elasticity of the muscular layer of the urinary system. Due to atrophy of muscle structures, the nerves responsible for the normal mechanism of urination are also damaged. In addition, a stepwise reaction of myocytes is activated, which is associated with muscle denervation.

The neurogenic type of irritable bladder syndrome can occur equally often in both men and women. A factor in the development of the neurogenic variant is damage to the pathways that are responsible for the transport of nerve impulses in the spinal cord to the upstream nerve centers. Violation of the pathways causes incorrect (distorted) signaling to the urinary tract even with a poorly filled bladder. This happens with tumor processes in the brain, with significant atherosclerotic changes, with Parkinson's disease, with traumatic and hemorrhagic lesions of the brain and spinal cord.

Pathogenesis

Irritable bladder syndrome is a clinical symptom complex, which is characterized by urgent urine output (suddenly appearing, difficult to suppress sensation of urge). The excretion of urine becomes more frequent both during the day and at night.

Currently, the most correct pathogenetic mechanism of irritable bladder syndrome is considered as follows: a certain provoking factor causes a decrease in the number of M-cholinergic receptors (we are talking about the so-called denervation theory). As a response to insufficient nervous regulation, persistent changes occur in the cellular structures of the smooth muscle fibers of the bladder: close connections of neighboring cells are formed (the theory of myogenicity). As a result, the neuro-impulse conduction in the muscular layer of the bladder increases sharply. Since smooth muscle structures have spontaneous spontaneous activity, spontaneous (or caused by any weak stimulus) contractile activity of a certain cell group occurs. Contractions extend to the entire muscular layer: there is a persistent urge to urinate.

It is important to note that the process of denervation is typical for all varieties of irritable bladder syndrome.

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Symptoms of irritable bladder syndrome

The diagnosis of irritable bladder syndrome is made when the patient has an increased contraction of the muscles of the organ with weakness of the muscles of the urethra. This syndrome is often found against the background of problems with urinary incontinence. The symptomatology of the pathology may differ, depending on its root cause, as well as on the structural lesion of the bladder. Given this, the following types of the course of the syndrome are distinguished:

The spastic type occurs in patients with impaired function of the spinal structures and is manifested by spontaneous and frequent, but scanty episodes of urination. The patient does not feel the emptiness of the bladder: it seems to him that he is constantly full. Among other possible symptoms: periodic increase in blood pressure, pain in the head, muscle twitching in the limbs.
The flaccid type of irritable bladder syndrome is characterized by urinary incontinence when the organ is full. At the same time, the tone of the anal sphincter decreases.
When the areas above the urethra (located in the pons of the brain) are affected, the patient has very frequent urination, painful and problematic urination due to spasm of the muscle layer, as well as urgency incontinence (periodic leakage).
When the supracacral zone is affected, the symptoms correspond to general cerebral disorders: there is urgent urinary incontinence, pain in the perineum and in the lower abdomen.

The appearance of the first signs of irritable bladder syndrome in different patients may differ somewhat - mainly in its intensity, frequency of occurrence, etc. The initial symptomatology depends on the initial factor that led to the development of the syndrome, on the stage of the disease process. However, the general symptoms in many patients are the same:

frequent visits to the toilet for urination - 10 or more times a day, including at night;
incomplete control over urination - urinary fluid can “leak”, leaking out during minor exertion, coughing, sneezing;
difficulties with the onset of urination - the patient cannot "start" urination, despite the presence of a feeling of fullness of the bladder;
periodic interruption of urine output, weakening and strengthening of the jet;
unpleasant or even painful sensations, both during urination and at rest.

Among the conditional signs, one can distinguish changes in the behavior of the patient, who becomes fussy, easily excitable, irritable. This can be explained: a person becomes a hostage of a toilet stall, his thoughts are constantly fixated on the fact that he can lose control over the process of urination at the most inopportune moment. Thus, the social sphere suffers, communication with others is disrupted, and working capacity is deteriorating.

Irritable bladder syndrome in women

There are really many reasons for the development of irritable bladder syndrome in women. The fact is considered proven that more often the problem visits women who have given birth (according to one of the statistical information, every third woman can suffer from such a syndrome). Also, the risk of developing the syndrome is higher in those patients with a history of two or more caesarean sections, or two or more physiological births.

Many experts are of the opinion that the basic role is played not by the number of births, but by their course. For example, if during childbirth there were ruptures of the muscles of the pelvic floor, or obstetric forceps and other delivery procedures were used, then the woman has a high probability of replacing muscle fibers with scar tissue.

There is no doubt and a certain role of estrogen deficiency in the mechanism of development of irritable bladder syndrome. Often the onset of the syndrome coincides with the onset of menopause. Other reasons for the formation of pathology in women can be surgical interventions on the pelvic organs, the presence of excess weight, diabetes, frequent or severe stress, etc.

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Irritable bladder syndrome in men

For a long period of time, doctors believed that frequent episodes of urination in men is a consequence of only urological pathologies (for example, inflammatory processes, bladder stones, prostate diseases). If the suffering men did not show any abnormalities in the results of urinalysis and the results of instrumental diagnostics, then they were given a conditional diagnosis of "cystalgia" or "urethral symptom complex".

To date, there is a more accurate diagnosis - irritable bladder syndrome. This syndrome can be caused not only by urological disorders, but also by neurological disorders, or even for an unknown reason (idiopathic development of the syndrome).

According to statistics, the basic causes of the formation of the syndrome in men are age-related changes in the muscular layer of the bladder, inflammatory diseases of the bladder, prostate and urethral canal.

Irritable bladder syndrome in children

The development of irritable bladder syndrome in children is predominantly associated with various neurological disorders, which can lead to a weakening of control over the activity of the detrusor or external urinary sphincter during bladder filling and excretion of urinary fluid.

An irritated bladder in a child sometimes occurs on the basis of an organic lesion of the central nervous system, as a result of congenital anomalies, traumatic injuries, tumors and inflammatory processes affecting the spinal column. For example, this happens after receiving birth injuries, with cerebral palsy, herniated spinal cord, impaired development of the sacrum, coccyx, etc. For the development of irritable bladder syndrome, such a problem must be associated with incomplete or complete divergence of the supraspinal and spinal neurocenters and the bladder.

The syndrome is more often diagnosed in girls: this can be explained by increased estrogen saturation, which affects the sensitivity of the detrusor receptor mechanism.

Complications and consequences

If you try to cure irritable bladder syndrome on your own, or not treat it at all, then there is a high probability of developing adverse consequences:

a constant state of nervous tension, deterioration in concentration, disability, inattention, absent-mindedness;
prolonged depressive states, apathy;
irritability, sleep disorders;
asocialization (social maladaptation);
frequent inflammatory processes in the urogenital area, urethritis, cystitis.

Painful complications are more common in older people and in women. However, none of the patients suffering from irritable bladder syndrome is immune from their development.

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Diagnosis of irritable bladder syndrome

Diagnosis begins with the study of complaints, life history and illness of a person. The doctor may ask the patient to fill out a special diary for 3-4 days, noting the frequency and nature of urinary episodes in it. It is good if the patient is taken care of in advance and comes to the initial consultation with an already existing diary.

What should be noted in such a diary:

the time when the patient felt the urge to urinate and went to the toilet;
the approximate volume of excreted urinary fluid in one episode;
the frequency and number of episodes of incontinence (or leakage);
when using urological pads - their number;
volumes of liquid consumed per day (in any form).

When interviewing a patient, the doctor will definitely take an interest in the presence of neuropathologies, urological and gynecological diseases, diabetes mellitus. For women, it is mandatory to clarify information about the number and characteristics of childbirth, about ongoing operations that affected the muscles of the perineum.

General blood and urine tests. The main is the assessment of the physical and chemical characteristics of urine, microscopy of urinary sediment, seeding for the presence of bacterial and fungal pathogens, determination of sensitivity to antibiotics.
Instrumental diagnostics:
ultrasound examination of the urinary system helps to examine the bladder, kidneys, assess the level of residual urinary fluid (the procedure is performed twice with a full and empty bladder);
complex urodynamic diagnostics includes uroflowmetry (measurements of urination rate), cystometry (detrusor activity, bladder sensitivity and distensibility), video urodynamic study (detection of severe violations of the functionality of the lower urinary tract).

To clarify the diagnosis of irritable bladder syndrome, some patients may be recommended an additional consultation of narrow specialists - for example, a neuropathologist, an endocrinologist. If necessary, computed, magnetic resonance imaging, etc. are performed. Doctors note that the need for in-depth diagnostics is relatively rare. In most situations, in order to make a diagnosis of irritable bladder syndrome, it may be enough to interview the patient, evaluate the urinary diary and ultrasound.

Differential Diagnosis

Differential diagnosis is carried out to exclude:

defects in the development of the bladder and urethra;
infectious lesions of the urinary tract and reproductive system;
stone formation in the bladder;
interstitial cystitis;
hyperplasia or tumors of the prostate;
strictures of the urethra;
vesicoptosis;
pathologies affecting the peripheral and central nervous system;
traumatic injuries, etc.

Treatment of irritable bladder syndrome

After determining the underlying causes of the development of irritable bladder syndrome, the doctor proceeds to the selection of a treatment regimen. Such treatment is aimed both at alleviating the painful symptoms and at neutralizing the original cause of the disease. The psychological aspects of the problem are also taken into account.

Standard treatment usually includes therapeutic exercises to strengthen the muscles of the perineum and pelvis, physical therapy, and medication.

Conservative treatment is carried out using anticholinergic drugs: propanteline bromide, oxybutrin, solifenacin succinate, trospium chloride, etc.

Medicines representing other groups are used somewhat less frequently. It can be:

selective α-1-blockers (tamsulosin);
antidepressants (amitriptyline);
hormonal drugs (estrogen-containing drugs in women);
vanilloid receptor blockers (capsaicin);
muscle relaxants, antispasmodics, tranquilizers, etc.

Anticholinergic drugs are often included in the list of essential drugs:

Treatment is often long, 2-4 months. Sometimes a periodic change of drugs is practiced.

Side effects during treatment with cholinergic medications may include the following symptoms:

thirst, feeling of dry mucous membranes;
cardiopalmus;
memory impairment, impaired concentration;
visual dysfunctions;
difficulty with defecation.

vitamins

What vitamins are especially needed by the body to cope with irritable bladder syndrome?

Vitamin A - strengthens neurons, inhibits cellular aging processes. Retinol can be obtained not only from medicines: it is present in sufficient quantities in carrots, apricots, peaches, and egg yolk.
Vitamin B 1 - eliminates irritability, regulates the functioning of the nervous system, reduces the negative effects of stress. Vitamin is present in oatmeal, buckwheat and wheat groats, in dairy products, algae.
Vitamin B 6 - can improve nerve conduction, improve sleep. Vitamin found in bananas, baked potatoes, prunes, oranges.
Vitamin B 12 - contributes to the maintenance of the normal functioning of the nervous system in the elderly. Cyanocobalamin is present in seafood, meat, dairy products, eggs.
Vitamin C - strengthens the immune system, helps to resist infectious diseases. Ascorbic acid is present in citrus fruits, melons, kiwi, bell peppers, cabbage, tomatoes, lettuce.
Vitamin D - supports the body, providing protection against many diseases (including diseases of the urinary system). The best source of this vitamin is the sun, so doctors advise walking outdoors in sunny weather for at least 1 hour a day.
Vitamin E relieves irritation, fatigue. Tocopherol strengthens tissues, provides elasticity to the muscle layer. It can be obtained by eating nuts, eggs, vegetable oils.

Physiotherapy treatment

It is possible to directly influence the irritated bladder by applying certain methods of physiotherapy. In the absence of contraindications (for example, tumor processes), the following procedures are prescribed:

electrophoresis - exposure to direct electric current in combination with the entry of medicinal substances into the skin or mucous membranes;
Ultrasound exposure - a method using ultrasonic vibrations that cause alternate compression and relaxation of tissues to stimulate regeneration processes;
paraffin applications - this is a variant of heat treatment using heated paraffin;
galvanization is the use of a constant electric current of low strength and low voltage, which leads to stimulation of blood circulation and lymph flow, elimination of congestion, pain relief;
electrosleep is a procedure that allows you to establish the functionality of the central nervous system; the method is based on the influence of weak pulses of low-frequency current on the area of the brain;
galvanic collar - a kind of electrophoresis of the cervical-collar zone.

If the patient has an inflammatory process in the genitourinary system, then physiotherapy is carried out only after the removal of acute symptoms of inflammation.

Alternative treatment

With irritable bladder syndrome, honey is successfully used, which is able to prevent frequent urge to urinate. The essence of honey treatment is as follows: before going to bed and in the morning on an empty stomach, you should drink 100 ml of warm water with the addition of 1 tsp. real honey. With a pronounced syndrome, the use of honey water three times a day is allowed. Treatment is continued until the symptoms of the disease are relieved.
Honey can also be added to more complex medicines. For example, they prepare an equal mixture of chamomile, centaury, mint leaves, knotweed, St. John's wort, birch leaves. Take 15 g of the resulting mixture, pour 200 ml of boiling water, keep overnight under the lid. Take the remedy 4 times a day, 100 ml. Before use, add 1 tsp to it. honey.
They perform simple, but quite effective exercises (they are called Kegel exercises), which activate the muscular system of the small pelvis and strengthen the urinary sphincter. The basic exercise is:
- compress (strain) the pelvic muscles responsible for the inhibition of the urinary stream, hold for 5 seconds, after which they rest for 10 seconds;
- tense the muscles for 10 seconds, after which they rest for 10 seconds, repeat 4 times;
- tense the muscles for 30 seconds, after which they rest for 10 seconds, repeat twice;
- the described cycle of exercises is repeated at least twice a day.

It is also recommended at the time of urination to try to interrupt it three or four times. With each attempt, the period of deceleration of the jet can be increased. It is believed that the visible effect in irritable bladder syndrome is observed no earlier than after 4 weeks of regular exercise.

Prepare an infusion of fennel seeds: 1 tbsp. l. Seeds are poured with 200 ml of boiling water, insisted for 2 hours. Taken twice a day after meals, 100 ml each.

A decoction of bay leaves is prepared: three medium leaves are poured into 200 ml of boiling water and kept on the smallest fire for about 10 minutes. Then the remedy is removed from the fire and insisted for another hour. Drink 100 ml three times a day. The minimum duration of treatment is one week.

Pour 200 ml of boiling water over 20 g of agrimony, insist for an hour and a half. Take 1/3 cup a quarter of an hour before meals, three times a day. In a warm infusion, you can add a little honey.

150 ml of hot water is poured into 15 g of thyme, evaporated over low heat so that a third of the water remains. Take 5 ml of decoction three times a day for one and a half to two months.

Homeopathy

Homeopathic medicines have long and tightly entered the treatment regimen for many diseases. Irritable bladder syndrome is no exception. Homeopathic treatment is practically devoid of side effects, only in some isolated cases an allergic reaction can develop.

The safety of use allows such drugs to be included in complex therapy for patients of all ages.

Pulsatilla - is prescribed for dripping urine even from a slight provocation, with nighttime incontinence.
Sepia - is prescribed for frequent nighttime urge to urinate.
Causticum - helps to improve the patient's control over the urinary process.
Rus tox - is prescribed for increased urge to urinate at rest; during motor activity, urges are minimized.
Bryonia - used for increased urge during movement, walking.

The above drugs are prescribed by a homeopathic doctor. He determines the dosage of each remedy, based on the constitutional and other characteristics of a particular patient. The duration of treatment is also determined individually.

Surgery

In recent years, urologists have paid maximum attention to such a problem as irritable bladder syndrome. Particular attention was paid not only to the elimination of symptoms, but also to getting rid of the cause of the pathology.

One of the first such developments is a special neurostimulator implanted in the coccygeal region (this is where the nerve endings of the bladder are located). Clinical trials have shown a 70% success rate for the stimulant.

The next step was a similar but more advanced method: a small electrode was introduced into the ankle area. Electrical stimulation occurs along the lower limb, affecting the nerve endings of the bladder. This treatment has also shown excellent results. In addition, it turned out to be more gentle due to less invasiveness.

More recently, Israeli urogynecologists have presented the latest technique, the essence of which is to restore the ligamentous apparatus that supports the connective tissues adjacent to the urethra. The intervention can be performed by the abdominal method, or using laparoscopic access. This innovation is currently in the testing process, but the first results already indicate its 80% efficiency.

Among other, the most well-known surgical methods of correction for irritable bladder syndrome, we can name the following:

operational denervation of the organ (blocking the supply of impulses leading to detrusor contraction);
detrusor myectomy (surgery to reduce the size of the hypersensitive muscle layer);
plastic surgery to replace part of the bladder with part of the intestinal wall to weaken imperative contractions.

These operations are particularly complex: they are rarely performed and only under strict indications.

Prevention

There is no specific prevention of irritable bladder syndrome. However, experts were able to identify a number of measures that should be taken to prevent the development of urinary problems.

You should prevent stressful situations in advance, avoid conflicts, learn to control your emotions. Doctors note that it is nervous breakdowns that can provoke an exacerbation of the syndrome. If you minimize the development of such situations, you can prevent many troubles. Many people who have already had episodes of irritable bladder syndrome have been helped to get rid of the problem by psychological training, treatment with sedative drugs (for example, herbal tranquilizers).
If a person has already encountered a similar problem of an irritated bladder, then he should definitely visit a urologist to find the cause of the disease and eliminate it. An early visit to the doctor allows you to cure many diseases in the shortest possible time.
Additional preventive measures should be: a full balanced diet, physical activity, a healthy lifestyle. Periodic practice with the use of Kegel exercises is welcome - this is especially important for female patients, as it helps to prevent many problems with the muscular system of the pelvic organs.

With a tendency to develop irritable bladder syndrome, special attention should be paid to nutrition. To prevent exacerbations of the disease, it is recommended to avoid the use of such products:

citruses, pineapples;
chocolate, cocoa, coffee, strong black tea, green tea;
sugar, sweets, pastries;
hot seasonings and spices (horseradish, mustard, black and red pepper, ginger, etc.);
whole milk.

The sensitivity of the body to certain foods in people can be different. Therefore, you should adjust your own daily menu according to your feelings.

The human body is a reasonable and fairly balanced mechanism.

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Irritable bladder syndrome in women

Irritable bladder syndrome and its treatment

Irritable bladder syndrome is a delicate problem. The number of diagnosed cases is much less than the actual presence of the disease in people of any gender, age and race. A person is embarrassed to voice symptoms to the doctor, he comes up with all sorts of excuses not to go to the doctor, is treated with antibiotics to no avail, and uses urological pads secretly from family members. Frequent urination becomes an obsession, reduces the quality of life, and leads to neurological problems.

Etiology: causes of the disease

Irritable bladder syndrome can be both an independent disease and a symptom of an underlying, undiagnosed pathology. Normal urination occurs due to the coordinated work of the bladder, urinary canal, ligaments and fascia. There was a malfunction in the genitourinary system or the disease arose for another reason, it can be determined after a thorough diagnosis. Before prescribing drug therapy, the doctor must establish the etiology of the syndrome.

Irritable bladder syndrome significantly reduces the quality of life

Specialists adhere to the following classification:

Anatomical disorders of the structural parts of the pelvis and (or) an increase in the conduction of nerve impulses by the receptors of the bladder. Such anomalies can occur with regular weight lifting during sports or in connection with the specifics of work. Often, violations are detected in obese patients, as well as after surgical operations on the pelvic organs.
Prostate adenoma. Prostatic hyperplasia causes the development of irritable bladder syndrome in men. Nodules form in the prostate, which, as they grow, begin to compress the urethra. The walls of the bladder lose their elasticity, blood circulation is disturbed in them, and there is a frequent urge to urinate.
Age changes. As a person ages, the hormonal background of a person changes, the production of biologically active steroids decreases. There are changes in the structure of muscles, ligaments and vascular walls of the pelvic organs, leading to urinary incontinence.
Violations of the activity of the central or peripheral nervous system. Improper functioning of the endocrine glands, which underlies the occurrence of diabetes mellitus, benign and malignant neoplasms, is the cause of frequent urination in patients with these pathologies. An inflammatory process in one of the sections of the spinal cord leads to impaired blood circulation in the pelvic organs and the occurrence of irritable bladder syndrome.

The disease is sometimes diagnosed in men and women who do not have a history of any of the above causes. When trying to find in such patients any feature characteristic of this group that underlies the occurrence of irritable bladder syndrome, interesting facts were made public. It turns out that all these people had increased nervous excitability, suffered from frequent depression, they had problems with sleep. And almost everyone had a concomitant disease - irritable bowel syndrome.

The body produces about 2 liters of urine per day, this volume is consumed in a person as a result of 8 or less urination. If you have to go to the toilet more than 10 times a day, then you have irritable bladder syndrome. The patient has such a persistent desire to immediately urinate that in the absence of a toilet nearby, he is unable to hold urine.

Involuntary urination can start at the sound of dripping water

An indirect symptom can be a person's lifestyle: he tries to leave the house less often or visit only those places where it is possible to quickly visit the toilet stall. Here are other symptoms of the disease:

Inability to hold urine on the way to the toilet.
Once urination has started, it cannot be stopped.
When the bladder is full, you cannot start urinating.
When trying to laugh, involuntary urination occurs.
Urine is excreted by the sound of water dripping from a faucet or by the sound of rain.
Small amount of urine produced.
Feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder.

The clinical picture of the irritable bladder syndrome makes it possible to differentiate it from infectious cystitis, accompanied by cutting pains during urination.

When contacting a doctor, you must provide a medical card with a list of possible diseases in history. Based on the records of specialists at this stage, it is possible to suggest the cause of the irritable bladder syndrome. The doctor also asks for a detailed description of the symptoms: the frequency of trips to the toilet, the approximate volume of urine excreted, sensations when urinating. You will need to pass the following biochemical tests:

General analysis of blood and urine.
Urinalysis for cytological examination to detect cancer cells.
Examination for the presence of sexually transmitted diseases.

To determine the condition of the bladder, a urodynamic study is performed by uroflowmetry or cystometry using a small diameter catheter.

Ultrasound is used in the diagnosis of irritable bladder syndrome

If necessary, an ultrasound examination of the state of the genitourinary system will be required. Before the procedure, the patient empties his bladder, and with an ultrasound it turns out how much urine is left and whether this amount is normal. Sonography can also detect benign or malignant tumors that can cause irritable bladder syndrome.

Computed tomography may be required to clarify the diagnosis. If you have diseases of the endocrine glands, you will need to consult an endocrinologist. If the doctor suspected that the basis of the etiology of the disease is a violation of the nervous system, it is necessary to treat the disease with the participation of a neuropathologist.

CT is used to determine the causes of irritable bladder syndrome.

If irritable bladder syndrome is an independent disease, then the cause of its occurrence is neurogenic in nature. Treatment is based on bladder training: the patient should go to the toilet no more than once every two hours. At the same time, he starts a diary, where he records the indicators by which the doctor evaluates the effectiveness of this technique.

Drugs for urinary incontinence in older women

An important component of the treatment of the disease is the implementation of a certain set of exercises to strengthen the muscles of the pelvis. Such exercises have been used for over a hundred years to treat urinary incontinence, and they were first systematized and scientifically justified by Arnold Kegel in 1948. A positive result occurs after a few weeks of regular classes.

Treatment of irritable bladder syndrome is carried out with the help of a physiotherapeutic procedure - electromagnetic stimulation of the bladder. Also, the patient is recommended to eat foods high in coarse fiber (bran, cereals). The diet will be able to eliminate the symptomatic manifestations of irritable bowel syndrome associated with the underlying disease. To speed up recovery, you will need to stop smoking and alcohol, salt and spices. Coffee irritates the walls of the bladder, so it must be completely excluded.

In the treatment of irritable bladder syndrome, it is necessary to keep records in a diary

Therapy with pharmacological drugs is used in patients with urge urinary incontinence, which occurs due to bladder weakness. Treatment begins with the use of tricyclic antidepressants and mild sedatives: irritable bladder syndrome exposes patients to constant stress.

There are three types of drugs, the use of which successfully cures the disease:

M-cholinolytics and (or) alpha1-blockers that reduce the stimulation of the muscular membrane of the bladder (detrusor). They are used as the first line of treatment for the syndrome and are highly effective and safe agents.
Botulinum toxin (Botox). Intravesical Botox injections (25-30 pieces) normalize muscle tone, slowing down the release of acetylcholine from the nerve ending. The duration of the drug is about 12 months, then the procedure will have to be repeated.
One of the analogues of vasopressin. The drug reduces the formation of urine and shifts the urination cycle to the night.

Research is currently underway on the use of estrogen in older women with irritable bladder syndrome.

Treatment with folk remedies helps reduce the symptoms of irritable bladder syndrome

You can treat the syndrome with folk remedies using the following infusions:

2 tbsp. l. Orthosiphon stamens pour 0.5 liters of boiling water and leave for 3 hours. Drink the infusion throughout the day.
3 art. l. hypericum and 3 tbsp. l. bear ears pour 1 cup of boiling water, leave for 5-6 hours. Take 50 ml 3 times a day after meals.
2 tbsp. l. elecampane and 1 tbsp. l. thyme pour 1 liter of boiling water and leave for 3 hours. Drink in small portions throughout the day.

What you need to know about prevention

An excellent prevention of irritable bladder syndrome is a regular annual physical examination. Pathologies cured in time will not become a source of other, often more unpleasant diseases.

If the first symptoms appear, you need to reconsider your diet and completely exclude from it:

Products containing caffeine.
Citrus.
Alcohol.

They negatively affect the condition of the mucous membrane of the bladder wall, increase its sensitivity, and lead to frequent contractions.

Stressful situations, neuroses, depressions will not be cured by themselves, but can cause serious physiological disorders in the body. They provoke sleep disturbances, irritation, increased nervous excitability, anxiety. This condition will inevitably lead to irritable bladder syndrome, so an urgent consultation with a neurologist is required.

2pochki.com

Irritable bladder syndrome - how to diagnose and treat?

In violation of the bladder, there is a desire to empty it so irresistible that in some cases this leads to urinary incontinence. In this case, the diagnosis is an overactive bladder.

The detrusor contracts involuntarily. The causes of the disease can be organic diseases or idiopathic pathology.

In the first case, they speak of a neurogenic bladder, in the second, they talk about idiopathically overactive or make a diagnosis of irritable bladder syndrome.

In women, this disease occurs 22 times more often than in men.

The syndrome develops against the background of a long-lasting negative emotional environment and aggravates in stressful situations. Additional conditions for the occurrence of SRMP are disorders and pathologies of the nervous system that occur at the central and peripheral levels, and are combined with other forms of vegetative-vascular dystonia - VVD.

It is considered normal that a person empties the bladder 8-10 times a day, while excreting up to 2 liters of urine. In various diseases, a deviation from the norm is detected.

For example, in case of kidney disease, less urine can be produced, and in case of infectious diseases, due to the expansion of the drinking regimen to relieve intoxication of the body, more urine is released. With increased hyperactivity of the bladder, the body needs to empty it more often, but at the same time a small amount of urine is separated - its production does not increase.

Hyperactivity develops because the conduction of impulses in the muscles surrounding the sphincter of the bladder increases dramatically. Any stimulation of the receptors causes a contraction of the detrusor.

Symptoms of irritable bladder syndrome include:

urinating more than 8 times a day with a small amount of urine;
the urge to urinate is severe and requires immediate emptying;
when urinating, painful sensations are experienced, radiating to the perineum;
at night they wake up “out of need” more than 1 time;
feeling of incomplete emptying.

These symptoms can be caused by various types of factors: neurogenic and non-neurogenic.

Neurogenic factors:

diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system;
the consequences of diseases that disrupt the activity of the spinal cord or brain - meningitis and encephalitis;
Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease;
multiple sclerosis;
diabetic or alcoholic neuropathy;
spinal and brain injuries;
surgical interventions;
osteochondrosis;
spinal cord defects of a congenital nature and structural dysfunction of the lumbar spine.

Causes of a non-neurogenic nature are diseases of the urinary system and anomalies in its structure, the age of the patient, hormonal disorders, atrophy of the bladder mucosa. In some cases - if the cause of overactivity is not identified - a diagnosis is made: idiopathic overactive bladder.

Manifestations of increased bladder activity are becoming more frequent in patients who are prone to depression, with diseases associated with attention disorder. Also an unfavorable factor for the development of the disease are fibromyalgia and irritable bowel syndrome.

With the manifestation of the above symptoms, the treatment of irritable bladder syndrome is necessary, since in addition to emotional inconvenience and depression that develop due to an unpleasant feature, urinary tract infections often occur.

Diagnosis - irritable bladder syndrome - is quite difficult to make.

The patient is asked in detail:

when and in what circumstances the frequency of urination increases;
what is the quality of the liquid and how much is drunk per day;
whether the volume of urine excreted corresponds to the drunk - taking into account sweating and breathing.

To confirm the diagnosis, dynamic observation is required for 5 days or even a week. A complete examination is mandatory to exclude infections and anomalies in the structure of the urinary system. Women are additionally sent for examination to a gynecologist, men undergo a rectal examination of the prostate.

Methods for eliminating irritable bladder syndrome are carried out by medical and surgical methods, while non-drug methods that help change the morale and attitude of patients are of great importance.

With medical treatment, sedatives, M-anticholinergics, botulinum toxin and some other drugs that restore impulse conduction are prescribed. The therapeutic effect is not only on the organs of the genitourinary system, but also general drugs are used that affect the impulse activity of the brain.

One of the methods of therapeutic effect is the injection of botulinum toxin into the wall of the bladder muscle.

The procedure is technically simple, and patients tolerate it quite easily. Full anesthesia is not always required - it is enough to carry out local anesthesia. The rehabilitation period is reduced to a minimum.

Endoscopic intervention is carried out through the urethra. With the help of a cytoscope, a needle is used to pierce the mucous membrane, and the drug is injected into the muscle layer of the organ through a puncture of the mucous membrane. The procedure does not give a permanent effect - the disease can recur 8-19 months after the operation. But on the other hand, the action of the remedy already normalizes the condition 2 days after the injection. Final stabilization is achieved after 2 weeks.

They try not to resort to surgical treatment, but sometimes it is not possible to do without it. In this case, the following techniques are used: the bladder is replaced with a fragment of the excised intestine - the large or small intestine, or part of the muscles is surgically removed, as a result of which the volume of the bladder increases, and its sensitivity decreases. The nerves that innervate the sphincter of the bladder can also be excised - however, this method is rarely resorted to.

Surgical treatment is used only in extreme cases - the risk of complications is too high. The slightest mistake - and the patient will have to be catheterized for the rest of his life.

The non-midecamentous method of treatment includes complex measures.

It includes:

behavior change;
a complex of physiotherapy exercises, which includes training the muscles of the bladder and strengthening the muscles of the pelvic floor;
physiotherapy - electrical stimulation of the pelvic muscles and exposure to the brain with currents and radiation of various frequencies.

Constipation adversely affects the condition of the bladder, so they must be completely eliminated. The amount of fluid consumed must be reduced, drinks that have a diuretic effect should be excluded from the diet.

Behavioral therapy - changing your own reactions to what is happening. You need to try to stop being ashamed of what is happening and at the same time you need to learn how to "force" the bladder to obey itself. Ways that help achieve what you want: auto-training and journaling.

It is necessary to mark a few days when there are urges to visit the toilet once again, to draw up a schedule based on your own observations. Even if you don’t feel like it, you need to urinate by the hour in order to learn how to perfectly control your own muscles. Women who are in menopausal and post-menopausal age, it is desirable to take care of their condition during the period of entry into menopause. Problems are aggravated against the background of hormonal extinction.

In order to prevent the development of depression, you should not be shy, but consult a doctor when the first symptoms appear. The mood and well-being of a woman are completely dependent on women's health.

mjusli.ru

Irritable Bladder Syndrome

Irritable bladder syndrome in women is one of the common causes of uncontrolled urination and spasmodic pain in the pelvic area and perineum. The disease is characterized by ambiguous symptoms and criteria, and the diagnosis is made only after a complete examination and exclusion of pathologies with similar clinical manifestations. Sudden urge to urinate and psychological problems significantly reduce the quality of life, at the same time, it has been reliably established that the syndrome in 90% of cases affects the representatives of the beautiful half of humanity over the age of 45 years.

Pathogenesis and causes

Irritable bladder syndrome is characterized by increased sensitivity of the receptors, which leads to involuntary contraction of the detrusor (muscle membrane). The condition is uncontrollable, and the amount of urine excreted is disproportionate to the strength of the urge, which indicates a violation of the accumulative function of the bladder.

Despite the prevalence of the disease, scientists still cannot come to a consensus about its causes. There are various theories of pathogenesis, among which are:

autoimmune disorders.
An increased content of mast cells in the bladder, which contributes to a decrease in the barrier functions of urothelial mucus.
Violation of blood circulation in the wall of the body.
Lack of estrogen in the blood of postmenopausal women.
Endocrine pathologies.
Psychosomatic disorders.
Increased permeability of the urothelium.
Chronic infections of the genitourinary system.

A predisposition to overactive bladder is observed in patients suffering from depression, memory and attention disorders, irritable bowel syndrome, anorectal dyskinesia. In 70% of patients, an idiopathic form of detrusor overactivity is detected, when the symptoms are smoothed out, there are no neurological factors, which does not allow to identify the true cause of the disease. The pathological process does not carry a mortal danger, but against its background, the development of persistent insomnia, pain syndrome of varying severity, bacterial cystitis is noted.

Symptoms of the disease

First of all, irritable bladder syndrome is manifested by urinary incontinence and an increase in the number of acts of emptying the organ. Complemented by pain, chronic inflammation of the bladder membrane and neuropsychiatric problems. Symptoms that cannot be ignored include:

nocturia - abundant excretion of urine at night;
feeling of fullness in the bladder;
spastic pains accompanying the process of emptying;
involuntary separation of urine during sudden movements or sneezing.

The main task is to identify concomitant pathologies and organic lesions of the bladder, and the state of the microflora is also assessed. For this, general clinical and instrumental examination methods are used, including:

analysis of urine and blood;
Ultrasound of the abdominal organs;
examination by a gynecologist and sampling of biological material for bacteriological and cytological examination;
cystoscopy - a diagnostic technique for visualizing an organ;
x-ray;
uroflowmetry;
cystometry - urodynamic study of the accumulative function of the bladder and the state of the detrusor.

Due to the vague symptomatic picture, diagnosis presents certain difficulties and relies on clinical manifestations, the nature and localization of pain. It is important to exclude from the anamnesis pathologies with similar symptoms, which include: urolithiasis, the presence of neoplasms, inflammatory processes and anatomical features of the structure of the urinary system.

Basic Treatments

Currently, there are no uniform standards for drug therapy for irritable bladder syndrome. Treatment of the disease requires a clear definition of symptoms, constant monitoring and a multidisciplinary approach. Includes the following methods:

drug therapy;
gymnastics of the pelvic floor muscles;
behavior correction;
electrical stimulation;
neuromodulation.

The first step is to change the diet: reduce the amount of table salt, quit smoking and drinking alcohol, exclude smoked meats and spices from food. It is important to observe the drinking regime - at least 2 liters per day.

In combination with behavioral correction, it is recommended to control the amount of urination and perform a physiological act strictly at the wake of the alarm clock, for example, every two hours. At the same time, it is important to visit the toilet, even in the absence of urges. Kegel exercises are excellent help - a special complex for maintaining the tone of the muscles of the pelvic floor. Depending on the results of the examination and on the basis of the anamnesis, an irritated bladder requires support from narrow specialists: a neurologist, nephrologist, psychoneurologist, endocrinologist, gynecologist.

The main method of treatment is therapy with anticholinergic drugs that block the receptors of the bladder and increase its accumulative function. The attending physician necessarily includes antihistamine, anti-inflammatory and antispasmodic drugs in the therapeutic regimen. After examination by a psychoneurologist, the complex is supplemented with tricyclic antidepressants and light sedatives.

If the patient wants to improve the quality of life, then treatment should be carried out continuously, as with hypertension. The success and effectiveness of therapy depends on the strict implementation of medical recommendations and adherence to a strict medication schedule.

In difficult situations, treatment with anticholinergics is used in combination with intravesical therapy with botulinum toxin. In the vast majority of cases, an integrated approach allows the patient to lead an active lifestyle and work fully.

Treatment with folk methods

Along with traditional therapy, time-tested recipes of traditional medicine will provide the necessary result. To eliminate constipation, it is recommended to eat foods high in fiber: raw vegetables, fruits and herbs, as well as, on the recommendation of a doctor, use berry fruit drinks and herbal infusions.

Recipe #1

Cranberries have anti-inflammatory, tonic and disinfectant effects. Pour 500 g of the fruits of the plant into a saucepan, pour hot water and bring to a boil. Mash the berries and strain the juice through a fine sieve, if desired, you can add a little sugar.

Recipe #2

Cowberry fruits and leaves contain tannins, catechins, B vitamins, organic acids, flavonoids and a complex of valuable trace elements. Fruit drinks from berries and decoctions from plants that have a multiplicative therapeutic effect. Pour boiling water over 2 tbsp. l. lingonberry leaf, let it brew for at least an hour, strain. The decoction is taken throughout the day 15-20 minutes before meals.

Recipe #3

Decoctions of elecampane are used as an anti-inflammatory agent in various conditions, including in the complex treatment of cystitis. Pour 50 g of raw materials with a liter of water, simmer for at least 30 minutes. Let the drink brew, strain, take half a glass a day 15-20 minutes before eating.

Due to the fact that herbal infusions and berry decoctions can cause allergic reactions and neutralize or reduce the effect of medications, a specialist consultation is required. Only the attending physician can include herbal remedies in the therapeutic course!

pochkimed.ru

Symptoms, Common Causes, and Treatments for Irritable Bladder Syndrome

Irritable bladder syndrome (IBS) is a serious psychosomatic urinary disorder. Pathology is characterized by an overactive bladder, frequent and persistent urge to the toilet, up to urinary incontinence. A person suffering from this delicate problem experiences severe stress, awkwardness, is forced to adjust his life to the disease. Given that the syndrome is caused mainly by psychological causes, this only exacerbates its manifestation.

The reason for the constant urge to urinate lies in the involuntary spasmodic contraction of the muscular walls of the bladder in men and women. It occurs suddenly, is not controlled by the patient. As a result, a person is afraid to leave the house for a long time, to attend important events. The desire to visit the restroom occurs much more often than the normal 8-10 times a day, and the amount of urine excreted can be quite small, which indicates a violation of the accumulating function of the bladder.

Symptoms of the disease

The main symptom of irritable bladder syndrome is hard to miss and ignore:

urination disorders, accompanied by soreness, itching in the bladder itself, urethra, perineum;
frequent nighttime urge to go to the toilet;
constant feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder;
a small amount of urine excreted at a time.

In addition, the disease is often accompanied by irritable bowel syndrome (abdominal pain, cramps, colitis, digestive disorders), which confirms its psychosomatic nature. The syndrome affects both adult men and women, and children.

Signs of SRMP are very similar to the manifestations of acute and chronic cystitis of an infectious nature. Therefore, it is extremely important to differentiate these diseases at an early stage in order to prevent the spread of infection in the body and irreversible damage to internal organs. The reverse situation is possible, in which the primary diagnosis of "cystitis" is not confirmed, but in fact turns out to be a psychosomatic syndrome. In this case, the attempted treatment of non-existent cystitis can cause serious harm to the body.

Any significant violation of the excretory functions of the body requires close attention and timely diagnosis. After all, the violation of these processes entails intoxication of the body, further disruption of the functioning of organs and systems, and other dangerous complications. Adequate, promptly prescribed treatment is required.

Causes of irritable bladder syndrome

Bladder disease can be caused by a dozen different causes, including neurogenic (nerve). In no case can we exclude the possibility of an infectious nature of the disease, a benign neoplasm of the urinary system or neighboring organs (ovarian cysts, uterine fibroids in women), urolithiasis, oncological tumors, atony of the muscle walls of the organ as a result of trauma or overstretching. Sometimes the symptoms of urinary tract disease are complications of other serious systemic diseases. However, if these factors are excluded during the diagnosis, the doctor can conclude that the disease is psychosomatic in nature.

Neurogenic factors are associated with disorders of the brain and spinal cord. The following conditions may be the cause:

Parkinson's disease;
Alzheimer's disease;
multiple sclerosis;
encephalitis;
diabetic neuropathy;
the impact of aggressive medicinal and other substances, alcohol on the nervous system;
congenital pathologies of development;
traumatic injuries;
severe stress affecting the psyche, depression.

In a separate group of psychosomatic diseases, organ neuroses (neuroses of individual organs), such as irritable bladder or irritable bowel syndrome, are distinguished. They are characterized by a chronic course, disrupt the normal functioning of the organ, and are accompanied by algic symptoms: significant pain sensations of a psychosomatic nature (cystalgia).

At the same time, such diseases exacerbate themselves, causing another round of stress and depression. Statistics show that there are a significant number of women among people suffering from psychosomatic disorders, which is probably due to the greater mobility of the female psyche.

Diagnosis of psychosomatic disorders of the bladder

It is necessary to diagnose diseases of the urinary system carefully. At first glance, it is very difficult to say whether the disorder is caused by neurogenic factors (and therefore does not pose a serious danger to the patient's life) or an aggressive infection. Especially often, microbial invasion of the genitourinary system occurs in women, whose short and wide urethra is a free path for pathogens. Accordingly, the treatment in different cases will be different.

First of all, the urologist must listen to the patient's complaints, collect an anamnesis and perform an examination. Be sure to take into account the amount of fluid consumed during the day. To clarify the preliminary diagnosis, tests and a urodynamic study are prescribed. In men, in addition, a rectal examination of the prostate is performed.

It is necessary to completely exclude infectious and inflammatory diseases (cystitis), urolithiasis, benign and malignant tumors of the abdominal and pelvic cavities. Only after that it is possible to assume the irritable bladder syndrome and begin its treatment.

Treatment of the syndrome

There are several areas of therapy for irritable bladder syndrome, they are used individually or in combination.

Drug treatment with special drugs that affect the nervous system. The type and dosage of a particular remedy is determined strictly by the doctor, taking into account the degree of development of the disease. Sedatives, M-anticholinergics (Detruzitol, Detrol) work well.
Injections of botulinum toxin (Botox) into the wall of the bladder. The muscles of the bladder relax, and within a few months the urinary function is restored.
Electrical stimulation of the bladder.
Strengthening the muscles of the back and pelvic floor through sports and Kegel training. These exercises have proven themselves in the fight against various disorders of the urinary and sexual functions. Kegel exercises are used for urinary incontinence, prostatitis, sexual dysfunction. During training, the muscles responsible for urination are activated (they tighten and relax at different rates). Exercise can be done anytime, anywhere.
Treatment by a psychotherapist, overcoming stress, psychological disorders.
Strict drinking regimen, therapeutic diet with high fiber content. This measure is especially relevant when the disease is combined with irritable bowel syndrome. Foods and drinks that irritate the mucous membrane of the bladder (soda, coffee, chocolate) are excluded from the diet. A couple of hours before bedtime, fluid intake is completely stopped.
Establishing a urinary regimen. The patient should visit the toilet according to the established schedule, even if at the moment he does not feel the urge. This allows you to take the functioning of the body under conscious control.

If treatment with conservative methods does not give a result for a long time, the doctor may suggest surgery for the patient. This is an extreme and rarely used measure, surgical intervention deals a heavy blow to the body and can lead to various complications.

Overactive bladder syndrome is a disease of a psychosomatic nature, but it can be extremely similar to diseases caused by a microbial infection, tumor processes, or urolithiasis. Therefore, at the first signs of a pathology of the urinary system, it is necessary to consult a doctor and conduct a thorough diagnosis. Wrong treatment can cause great harm to health!

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Irritable bladder syndrome is characterized by an excessively frequent urge to urinate and an inability to restrain the physiological need for a while. This delicate problem can occur in any person, regardless of age and gender.

Very often, irritable bladder syndrome is not associated with any anatomical defects or inflammatory processes in the structural sections of the pelvis. In many people, the cause of the anomaly is pronounced psycho-emotional and neurotic disorders. That is why irritable bladder syndrome may indicate the presence of an organ neurosis in a patient - a severe somatoform disorder.

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Most often, people after 25 years of age suffer from this variant of organ neurosis. At the same time, the majority of patients with irritable bladder syndrome are residents of large cities, working in positions associated with intense mental overload. A lot of patients diagnosed with somatoform disorder lead a "sedentary" lifestyle, do not play sports and rarely go outside.

A feature of irritable bladder syndrome caused by psychogenic factors is a chronic prolonged course. Many patients mistakenly associate their discomfort with infectious processes, trying to eliminate the symptoms by self-treatment, without resorting to medical help. This leads to the fact that an unpleasant disease does not disappear in them, but, on the contrary, is aggravated.

As a result, a person is deprived of the opportunity to perform typical tasks efficiently and in full, cannot communicate normally in society, and refuses many exciting activities. Such isolation from society, the lack of life's pleasures further worsens the psycho-emotional state of the patient, which, in turn, contributes to an increase in the frequency and intensity of symptoms. Thus, a vicious circle is closed. The patient is in a depressed state and is under the yoke of irrational fears.

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Psycho-emotional causes of irritable bladder syndrome

In the formation of all variants of organ neuroses, mental, psychological, and social aspects are dominant. At the same time, somatoform pathologies rarely develop due to the rapid impact of extreme conditions. The formation of organ neuroses is the result of chronic stress. Prolonged stay in a stressful state, inferiority complexes, the existing internal conflict lays the foundation for the emergence of pathological disorders.

Many people are constantly dissatisfied with their own lives and are under the pressure of negative experiences. At the same time, they cannot neutralize their negative feelings in a constructive way, expelling thoughts of difficulties and grievances deep into the subconscious. Instead of working on themselves and eliminating destructive links from their own lives, many contemporaries simply prefer not to think about troubles, trying with all their might to forget about problems. As a result, a tangle of negative experiences is transformed into a destructive life program, in which mental anguish is replaced by pathological physiological sensations.

The cause of irritable bladder syndrome can be any unpleasant phenomena that are regularly present in a person's life. These situations are:

everyday troubles;
misunderstanding between spouses;
frequent quarrels in the family;
lack of common values among the married couple;
a sense of threat to well-being and a sense of danger;
the presence of bad habits in a partner;
uncomfortable living conditions;
long-term unemployment;
conflicts with superiors;
unfriendly atmosphere in the work team;
engaging in activities that do not attract;
difficult working conditions;
poverty;
restriction of freedom of choice;
failure to meet basic needs;
untapped creative potential.

Psychologists have found that people who are prone to neurotic reactions have many common character traits. Most patients suffering from irritable bladder syndrome are suspicious, impressionable, suspicious and anxious persons. The strength of the reactions they demonstrate does not correspond to the scale of the acting stimulus.

They do not tolerate criticism and reproaches addressed to them. They perceive any minor changes in the world around them as a global catastrophe. Such persons are distinguished by hypochondriacal traits. They interpret any malfunction in the body as a deadly disease.

Almost all patients with such a delicate problem are timid, shy, indecisive people. They do not show leadership qualities and are prone to dependent behavior. They rarely enter into debates and take the point of view of the opponent. Such subjects are executive and responsible workers. They think over the plan of their studies and try to follow it unquestioningly.

Patients with organ neurosis are limited to a narrow circle of contacts. They find it difficult to make new connections. Such persons feel uncomfortable in unfamiliar surroundings. They rarely decide to change jobs and never try their hand at a new field.

How does irritable bladder syndrome manifest itself: symptoms

The main manifestation of irritable bladder syndrome is an excessively frequent urge to urinate. The number of visits to the restroom in patients exceeds ten times a day. At the same time, the volume of liquid released is minimal.

Another symptom of this variant of organ neurosis is cystalgia - cutting, pulling, stabbing pains in the bladder area. A person may also feel a feeling of heaviness and burning in the lower abdomen.

A characteristic symptom of this somatoform disorder –persistent need to immediately carry out the act of urination. The patient is unable to restrain the physiological need, so often simply does not have time to run to the toilet. The outpouring of urine can begin involuntarily if a person hears the sounds of rain or water dripping from a tap. The process of urination can start when a person laughs, sneezes, coughs, or suddenly lifts weights.

At the same time, the physiological act does not bring satisfaction to a person. The patient feels that his bladder is not completely empty.

Unpleasant physical sensations always coexist with an irrational overwhelming fear. The patient fears that he will not be able to prevent the onset of urination when he is in public. For this reason, a person begins to avoid being in noisy, busy places. He does not use public transport. It is not removed a considerable distance from places where it is possible to go to the toilet.

Constant nervous tension eventually develops into depression. A person feels his inferiority and inferiority. He is in a gloomy mood and thinks about the meaninglessness of existence.

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Treatment of irritable bladder syndrome

Most often, a person suffering from irritable bladder syndrome does not need to stay in a hospital. Full assistance and treatment can be provided to a person on an outpatient basis. However, in the case of joining the pathology of severe depressive states with suicidal ideas, it is hardly possible to do without hospitalization.

If the examination has refuted the presence of anatomical flaws, and the psychogenic origin of the disorder has been confirmed, the patient needs the help of a psychotherapist. Methods of psychotherapy are designed to eliminate a person's anxiety and stabilize his emotional state. In the course of psychotherapy, the patient learns about the probable origin of the neurosis and gains psychological skills to control his own feelings.

However, it must be remembered that irritable bladder syndrome can only be overcome by establishing and neutralizing the cause of the disorder. Since in natural conditions people cannot remember, understand and indicate which factors provoked neurotic reactions, it is necessary to temporarily turn off consciousness and penetrate into the deep sphere of the psyche - the subconscious. Temporarily turning off conscious censorship is possible by immersing the client in a hypnotic trance - a state similar to drowsiness.

Unhindered access to the subconscious provides an opportunity to determine exactly what past events and situations laid the foundation for the formation of irritable bladder syndrome. After discovering the trigger of the disorder, the hypnologist helps the client change the perception of the drama that has taken place, get rid of irrational links in thinking and take a different look at life circumstances.

Conducted verbal suggestion relieves a person from an inferiority complex, contributes to the unequivocal cessation of an internal conflict, and motivates for the subsequent development of a personality. After hypnosis sessions, the patient forever forgets about his existing problem. He is freed from irrational anxiety and ceases to be a prisoner of illogical fears.

His mood stabilizes, and he begins to look at reality from an optimistic point of view. Hypnosis is a universal tool for restoring mental health in a natural way, since the manipulations carried out during treatment do not have any side effects and do not cause injury.

Today there is a great opportunity to comprehend the theoretical basics of hypnosis and practice the acquired skills. Anyone who is interested in mastering the techniques of hypnosis is offered the chance to be trained by an experienced qualified specialist who has proven the effectiveness of psychosuggestive therapy through personal practice.

Etiology: causes of the disease

Irritable bladder syndrome significantly reduces the quality of life

Specialists adhere to the following classification:

Anatomical disorders structural sections of the pelvis and (or) an increase in the conduction of nerve impulses by the receptors of the bladder. Such anomalies can occur with regular weight lifting during sports or in connection with the specifics of work. Often, violations are detected in obese patients, as well as after surgical operations on the pelvic organs.
Prostate adenoma. Prostatic hyperplasia causes the development of irritable bladder syndrome in men. Nodules form in the prostate, which, as they grow, begin to compress the urethra. The walls of the bladder lose their elasticity, blood circulation is disturbed in them, and there is a frequent urge to urinate.
Age changes. As a person ages, the hormonal background of a person changes, the production of biologically active steroids decreases. There are changes in the structure of muscles, ligaments and vascular walls of the pelvic organs, leading to urinary incontinence.
Violations of the activity of the central or peripheral nervous system. Improper functioning of the endocrine glands, which underlies the occurrence of diabetes mellitus, benign and malignant neoplasms, is the cause of frequent urination in patients with these pathologies. An inflammatory process in one of the sections of the spinal cord leads to impaired blood circulation in the pelvic organs and the occurrence of irritable bladder syndrome.

All symptoms of the disease

Involuntary urination can start at the sound of dripping water

Inability to hold urine on the way to the toilet.
Once urination has started, it cannot be stopped.
When the bladder is full, you cannot start urinating.
When trying to laugh, involuntary urination occurs.
Urine is excreted by the sound of water dripping from a faucet or by the sound of rain.
Small amount of urine produced.
Feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder.

The clinical picture of the irritable bladder syndrome makes it possible to differentiate it from infectious cystitis, accompanied by cutting pains during urination.

Diagnosis: examination and tests

General analysis of blood and urine.
Urinalysis for cytological examination to detect cancer cells.
Examination for the presence of sexually transmitted diseases.

To determine the condition of the bladder, a urodynamic study is performed by uroflowmetry or cystometry using a small diameter catheter.

Ultrasound is used in the diagnosis of irritable bladder syndrome

CT is used to determine the causes of irritable bladder syndrome.

Several treatments

In the treatment of irritable bladder syndrome, it is necessary to keep records in a diary

There are three types of drugs, the use of which successfully cures the disease:

M-cholinolytics and (or) alpha1-blockers that reduce the stimulation of the muscular membrane of the bladder (detrusor). They are used as the first line of treatment for the syndrome and are highly effective and safe agents.
Botulinum toxin (Botox). Intravesical Botox injections (25-30 pieces) normalize muscle tone, slowing down the release of acetylcholine from the nerve ending. The duration of the drug is about 12 months, then the procedure will have to be repeated.
One of the analogues of vasopressin. The drug reduces the formation of urine and shifts the urination cycle to the night.

Research is currently underway on the use of estrogen in older women with irritable bladder syndrome.

Treatment with folk remedies helps reduce the symptoms of irritable bladder syndrome

You can treat the syndrome with folk remedies using the following infusions:

2 tbsp. l. Orthosiphon stamens pour 0.5 liters of boiling water and leave for 3 hours. Drink the infusion throughout the day.
3 art. l. hypericum and 3 tbsp. l. bear ears pour 1 cup of boiling water, leave for 5-6 hours. Take 50 ml 3 times a day after meals.
2 tbsp. l. elecampane and 1 tbsp. l. thyme pour 1 liter of boiling water and leave for 3 hours. Drink in small portions throughout the day.

What you need to know about prevention

An excellent prevention of irritable bladder syndrome is a regular annual physical examination. Pathologies cured in time will not become a source of other, often more unpleasant diseases.

If the first symptoms appear, you need to reconsider your diet and completely exclude from it:

Products containing caffeine.
Citrus.
Alcohol.

They negatively affect the condition of the mucous membrane of the bladder wall, increase its sensitivity, and lead to frequent contractions.