What causes erosion. Methods of treatment of this disease. Symptoms and manifestations

Women are not always aware that they have diseases of the cervix. Slight malaise, slight changes in the nature of the discharge usually do not cause much concern. The cause is thought to be hypothermia or an infection that can be dealt with by douching. A woman most often learns about the occurrence of cervical erosion during a preventive examination or when she consults a doctor with more serious gynecological problems. In fact, the first symptoms of this disease can be noticed on their own.

The cervical pharynx (the area that goes into the vagina) is covered with a different type of epithelium, with flat cells. Erosion occurs precisely in this area and is a violation of the structure of the mucous membranes.

Depending on the nature of the changes, there are two types of cervical erosion

Pseudo-erosion, or ectopia

It is caused by a displacement of the cylindrical epithelium into the vaginal region of the cervix. The mucous membrane is not damaged. Pseudo-erosion, as a rule, does not require treatment. This condition is congenital, the defect disappears on its own by about 20 years. Often, in this case, there is an inversion of the cervical canal, when its mucous membrane is outside. This is called "ectropion". It can also exist from birth, but it can also be acquired.

Pseudo-erosion is detected during a gynecological examination visually. A sign of ectopia is a red ring (may have an irregular shape) around the opening of the cervical canal. The width of the rim reaches several centimeters. The area of ​​ectopia is clearly visible against the background of the surrounding pale pink surface of the vagina.

Usually, in order to make sure that this is pseudo-erosion, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe pharynx and surrounding tissues are covered with Lugol's solution (a mixture of iodine, potassium iodide and water). At the same time, the surrounding tissues darken, and the ectopic area remains red.

Note: Pseudo-erosion often turns into true erosion when the cervix is ​​affected by factors that contribute to damage to the mucous membrane. This can even happen to a little girl if, due to poor care or infection, an inflammatory process occurs in the vagina.

Video: Detection of pseudo-erosion

True erosion of the cervix

If pseudo-erosion is mainly of a hormonal nature, then true erosion, in addition, occurs as a result of mechanical damage to the mucous membrane of the cervix (during childbirth, operations, sexual intercourse), and also due to inflammatory processes in the vagina. In this case, the mucous membrane is damaged, ulcers, areas of inflammation, and crusts appear on it.

Signs of true erosion of the uterus are more pronounced than pseudo-erosion. When viewed on the mirrors around the entrance to the cervical canal, you can see a red ring of regular shape, with a non-uniform surface. Lugol's solution does not stain it.

Video: Ectopia and erosion of the cervix. What is the danger

What is the danger of erosion

The cervix acts as an obstacle to the penetration of pathogens into the uterine cavity. Thick mucus is produced here, which has an acidic environment that is detrimental to them.

As a result of cervical erosion, the glands that produce this mucus are damaged. In the microflora of the vagina there are opportunistic microbes that, under normal conditions, do not harm the body. But with a weakened immune system, a violation of the acidity of the vagina, the infection easily penetrates into the internal organs. In this case, inflammatory processes occur in the endometrium, tubes, ovaries, the consequence of which is even infertility.

Damaged mucosa sometimes blocks the entrance to the cervical canal and makes it impossible for sperm to enter the uterus. As a result, conception becomes impossible.

Erosion of the cervix does not turn into cancer, but it sets the stage for tissue degeneration. Chronic inflammatory processes lead to the appearance of scars, the formation of cystic cavities, polyps. At the same time, the possibility of pregnancy becomes more difficult, the risk of its interruption or premature birth increases. In addition, at the site of benign neoplasms, atypical, and then cancerous cells can occur. The risk of developing cancer is especially high when infected with the human papillomavirus.

Therefore, erosion must be treated without fail, avoiding such complications. First of all, it is necessary to get rid of the causes of its occurrence: infectious and inflammatory diseases.

Video: Symptoms of erosion. Treatment Methods

Symptoms of true erosion

The first symptom indicating the presence of true erosion is the appearance of pain in a woman during intercourse and spotting after it. Insignificant admixtures of blood can also appear during physical exertion, after lifting something heavy. Such discharges have nothing to do with menstruation; they occur at an arbitrary time between menstruation.

If the manifestation of signs of cervical erosion is associated with inflammatory diseases of the vagina and cervix (colpitis, cervicitis), then their manifestations force the woman to immediately go to the doctor, as the following symptoms appear:

• copious liquid discharge, colored green, yellow, which, as a rule, have an unpleasant odor;
• aching pain in the lower abdomen, in the lower back;
• sensation of pain during urination, sexual intercourse.

With the spread of the inflammatory process to the uterus and appendages, the symptoms will be even more pronounced. A woman has a violation of the menstrual cycle, smearing brown discharge appears before and after menstruation, and a temperature increase is possible.

Erosion can occur against the background of infectious diseases, sexually transmitted diseases. Each of them has its own characteristic symptoms (foamy or curdled discharge with a characteristic smell, color, purulent impurities).

Signs of cervical erosion appear with vaginal dysbacteriosis (occurs due to taking antibiotics, frequent douching using bactericidal substances that kill beneficial microflora, in other cases).

Symptoms of such ailments can appear both in nulliparous women and in those who have children. The difference lies in the approach to treatment. For nulliparous patients, the ulcerated area is not cauterized, since scarring is highly undesirable if the woman is going to subsequently have children. During childbirth, the cervix will not be able to stretch normally.

Erosion during pregnancy

If, when planning a pregnancy, a woman undergoes a gynecological examination and she has cervical erosion, then the doctor determines the need for treatment individually. In the absence of the threat of infertility and symptoms of inflammatory and infectious diseases, the condition is simply controlled.

If erosion is found in a pregnant woman, then treatment is also carried out after childbirth, since the disease does not affect the course of pregnancy and the condition of the fetus. Symptoms of erosion in a pregnant woman can be blood impurities in the discharge, as well as burning and itching during intercourse. Damage and thinning of the mucous membrane of the cervix causes ruptures during childbirth. In some cases, after the birth of a child, signs of erosion disappear. If this did not happen, the symptoms of erosion intensified, then it is usually cauterized to prevent complications.

Erosion during menopause

One of the most important factors affecting the state of the mucous membranes of the genital organs, including the uterus, is the ratio of sex hormones. In women of reproductive age, hormonal processes in the body take place with maximum activity, therefore, a violation of the state of the epithelium occurs most often.

With the onset of menopause, the production of estrogens and progesterone in the body gradually decreases, so erosion does not occur. Chronic erosion that existed before disappears with the onset of menopause.

Erosion diagnostics

If, during examination, a woman has reddening of the vaginal mucosa, then additional methods are used to confirm the diagnosis. First of all, a smear is taken. It is examined for the presence of infectious agents. Sowing is done for the presence of opportunistic bacteria.

To detect signs of erosion, the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe uterus that goes into the vagina is examined with a colposcope. A blood test is carried out to detect pathogens of syphilis, HIV and other latent infections. With recurrence of erosion, the affected tissues are examined by biopsy.

Disease. So called damage to the epithelial tissue, localized in the vaginal part of the cervix. Usually this disease develops against the background of another disease - inflammatory or infectious, due to hormonal disorders. Often the course of the disease is asymptomatic and it is possible to notice the pathology only at a routine examination. In itself, this disease does not pose a serious threat to health, but if left untreated, it is considered a risk factor for the occurrence of tumors, including malignant ones. Diagnosis is quite simple - only a gynecological examination and colposcopy may be enough. Treatment is the removal of affected tissue.

What it is?

Erosion is a disease that is characterized by pathology of epithelial tissue. Cervical erosion occurs in every seventh woman and is one of the most common gynecological diseases. The squamous epithelium, localized in the vaginal region of the cervix, should normally consist of homogeneous cells of a pale color.

If an infectious process develops in the genital area, mechanical damage occurs, a constant inflammatory process is observed, then erosion appears. If untreated, pathological changes continue to develop, epithelial cells change more strongly, and there is a risk of formation of polyps and tumors. In the long term, this leads to the appearance of neoplasms, which are already more difficult to treat.

Causes of the disease

There are many of them, as well as risk factors. Any changes in the cervical mucosa can lead to the development of erosion. Such changes occur in diseases of the genitourinary system, after childbirth, after artificial termination of pregnancy, are observed during hormonal diseases. Often, sexually transmitted diseases lead to erosion - their pathogens enter the body just through the mucous membrane, damaging the epithelial tissue.

There is no specific age group for this disease. Erosion can develop both in adolescence and in the elderly.

Varieties of the disease

Depending on when and by what mechanism the disease develops, several main types of erosion are distinguished:

• True.
• Pseudo-erosion.
• Congenital.

They differ in causes and mechanisms of development, as well as in the course of the disease.

Signs of true erosion:

• It is formed due to damage to the epithelial tissue in the area of ​​​​the external os - this is the place where the vaginal part of the cervix directly connects to the vagina.
• There is inflammation, damaged tissues bleed.
• Often develops on the background of endocervicitis. A disease that leads to the fact that pathological mucus is released from the cervical canal, which irritates the tissues of the cervix.
• Damaged tissues are bright in color, blush.
• Colposcopy is usually sufficient for diagnosis, but microscopy of abnormal tissue may be required for final confirmation.

pseudo-erosion- this is the next phase into which true erosion passes. The true one heals within two weeks, during this process the squamous epithelium is replaced by a cylindrical one - that is, tissue is replaced. New cells are more saturated in color. Most of the erosions are diagnosed at this stage - at the first stage of healing.

However, at the healing stage, the pathology continues to develop: normal tissue is not formed. The cylindrical epithelium grows, and it grows not only on the surface, but also in depth. As a result, cysts are formed, filled with glandular secretions. If a lot of cysts develop, then the disease during visual examination can be confused with polyposis. If the cysts are large, then cervical hypertrophy develops - it increases in size. Cysts can be different, both in size and shape, and in content.

If untreated, the pathology persists in this form for several months or even years. Cysts can grow or, conversely, not increase. Pseudo-erosion is a constant source of inflammation, because of this, unpleasant symptoms develop.

Inflammation can subside on its own, in which case the process of normal tissue growth will begin. This rarely happens, so in most cases special treatment is required. After the elimination of the inflammatory process, the second stage of healing begins: the formation of a squamous epithelium. The danger is that with a long absence of therapy, erosion can turn into dysplasia, which is considered a precancerous condition.

Another type of this disease is congenital erosion of the cervix that develops during embryonic development. As a rule, such a pathology is detected quite early, in childhood or adolescence. Often, congenital erosion resolves on its own. This is a non-dangerous form, since it does not lead to the formation of malignant neoplasms.

Diagnostics

Diagnosis includes examination, instrumental methods and laboratory tests. Often, the diagnosis is delayed due to the fact that in the absence of severe symptoms, patients simply do not go to the doctor. If there are symptoms, then they are usually associated with the disease that provoked the development of erosion. Thus, it is possible to detect the disease in a timely manner only during preventive examinations. A standard visual examination of the cervix allows the gynecologist to suspect the development of erosion, and colposcopy is used to confirm the diagnosis - this method allows you to examine pathological tissues under magnification.

If the doctor suspects that the process of development of malignant tumors has already begun, then a study such as extended colposcopy is used. First, the affected area is treated with an iodine solution, and then examined under magnification. If dysplasia is suspected, a biopsy may be required to perform histological analysis in the laboratory.

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Treatment

Radical treatment is predominantly surgical. But there are situations in which dynamic observation and conservative therapy are preferable.

Basic principles of treatment:

• For congenital pathology, observation is preferable. Removal is required if the pathology develops, or if symptoms are unpleasant for the patient.
• True and pseudo-erosion require correction of the underlying disease. If, along with the cure of the primary disease, erosion does not regress, then removal is prescribed.
• If there are signs of infectious inflammation, pathogens are first eliminated (most often these are microorganisms that cause the development of sexually transmitted diseases).
• If erosion is in the active stage (true), then surgery is not indicated. Apply sparing methods of treatment, aimed primarily at eliminating unpleasant symptoms.

Surgical treatment using modern means is aimed at destroying the layer of cylindrical cells. After this, rejection occurs, and at the site of the pathology, the growth of normal squamous epithelium begins.

The main methods of surgery:

• thermocoagulation

Thermocoagulation- a method that is based on cauterization under the influence of current. The disadvantage of the method is the possibility of scarring. For this reason, thermocoagulation is offered only to patients who do not plan to have children in the future. It takes up to three months for complete healing.

• laser use

Moxibustion laser needs a thorough refurbishment. This method is painless, there are no scars. Full regeneration takes four weeks.

• Radio wave destruction of erosion is performed using special equipment and has advantages over standard electrocoagulation in the form of healing without scarring.
• cryodestruction

One of the most common diseases in gynecology is cervical erosion. The pathological process is asymptomatic for a long time. Women learn about the existence of a health problem during a routine examination by a gynecologist. According to statistics, 50% of the fairer sex face this disease, so it is important to know what are the causes of the disease.

What is cervical erosion

This is a pathological process, which is accompanied by the formation of small ulcers on the mucous membrane. Such a defect in the squamous epithelium of the vaginal zone, noticeable during an instrumental examination by a gynecologist, requires medical supervision. Among the risk factors, doctors distinguish the course of the inflammatory process of the reproductive system, the formation of polyps, cystic neoplasms. With proper treatment of erosion, scarring does not remain.

Causes of cervical erosion

The etiology of the pathological process remains unclear to the end. Gynecologists distinguish several theories why every second woman of reproductive age is diagnosed with cervical erosion. Below are a number of potential causes:

1. Inflammatory process in the reproductive system. This pathology is accompanied by increased secretion of the glands of the cervical epithelium, inflammation of the ovaries or appendages, cystitis progresses.
2. Early sexual life. There is a high probability of attaching a secondary infection against the background of the not yet fully formed mucous membrane of the female genital organs (the formation process ends by the age of 20–23).
3. Mechanical damage. In this case, we are talking about previous abortions, curettage, childbirth with ruptures, rough sexual contact, frequent change of sexual partners (vaginal dysbiosis).
4. Sexual infections. Erosion develops against the background of increased activity of trichomonas, gonococci, HPV, ureaplasma, chlamydia, toxoplasma, candida, genital herpes.
5. endocrine disorders. A woman has a hormonal failure, the menstrual cycle is disrupted due to the use of steroids, acute estrogen deficiency, age-related changes in the body, dishormonal disorders.
6. Decreased immune response of the female body. Weakened immunity is associated with age-related characteristics or becomes a consequence of a disease.
7. Anatomical features of the reproductive system. A woman may be diagnosed with an abnormal inversion of the mucous membrane of the lower part of the cervix (ectropion).

Gynecologists identify a number of provoking factors that precede the onset of the disease. Among those:

• frequent douching that violates the microflora of the vagina;
• incorrect implantation of the contraceptive coil;
• overweight, obesity;
• previous surgery, such as removal of polyps;
• the use of additional devices ("toys") during sexual contact;
• chronic diseases of the reproductive system, sluggish inflammatory processes.

Types of cervical erosion

Depending on the degree of damage to the epithelium, doctors distinguish mild, moderate, severe disease. Given the stage and state of the pathological process, the following classification is given:

1. congenital erosion. More often it progresses in adolescence, disappears on its own without additional medical participation. It rarely develops into a malignant tumor. The causes of the disease remain unclear, it is possible that they are laid in the period of intrauterine development of the fetus (girl).
2. true erosion. Under the influence of physiological and pathological factors, the epithelium is exfoliated, the site of inflammation is rapidly progressing. When diagnosed, erosion has a rich red color, bleeds, causes discomfort and an attack of pain during sexual contact.
3. Pseudo-erosion. The epithelium is replaced by a cylindrical epithelium, the boundaries of which are displaced beyond the external pharynx. Symptoms of pathology in most clinical cases are absent, but doctors do not exclude pain during intercourse, sanious discharge from the vagina.

Symptoms

It is important for each patient to know the causes of cervical erosion in women who have not given birth and have given birth in order to eliminate the risk of developing potential complications. It is important to study the symptoms of the disease in order to undergo a comprehensive diagnosis and start treatment at the first manifestations:

• purulent bloody discharge that may appear after intercourse;
• drawing pains in the lower abdomen;
• blood secretions;
• burning, pain, itching when urinating;
• vaginal dryness and discomfort during intercourse.

Diagnostics

If cervical erosion is suspected, doctors prescribe a comprehensive examination in a hospital. It is very important to correctly differentiate the disease, to determine the cause of the occurrence. First of all, the gynecologist conducts an instrumental examination, assesses the condition of the epithelium, and visualizes the presence of ulcers. Based on the results, the doctor prescribes laboratory tests:

• colposcopy;
• biopsies to exclude progressive oncology (cancer);
• studying a smear from the vagina for the detection of pathogenic flora;
• laboratory blood tests;
• PCR tests for infections;
• cytological research;
• seeding for bacterial flora.

Treatment of cervical erosion

The approach to health problems is complex. To eliminate the causes and treatment, the patient's age, the stage of the pathological process, the presence of secondary infections and inflammatory processes, chronic diseases, and children born are taken into account. The scheme of complex therapy is determined based on the type of erosion:

1. Congenital erosions are not treated. The patient is at risk, so she should be regularly observed by a gynecologist. It is possible that such a problem will soon disappear on its own.
2. True erosion and pseudo-erosion are treated simultaneously with diseases that provoked the appearance of bleeding ulcers on the epithelium. Otherwise, there is no positive dynamics.

Conservative therapy

At the initial stage, the disease can be cured by medical methods based on the use of antiseptic, wound healing, anti-inflammatory drugs, systemic antibiotics. The main thing is to identify and eliminate the cause of erosion. Schemes of conservative treatment:

1. In the presence of an inflammatory process, complex therapy should be aimed at the extermination of the pathogenic agent (candida, chlamydia, papillomas, gonococci, etc.). Otherwise, there is no positive dynamics for a long time, and the health problem is only getting worse.
2. Erosion in acute inflammation is treated with alternative methods at home. For example, the improvement is provided by the course setting of tampons with fish oil, sea buckthorn oil, synthomycin emulsion, Solcoseryl ointment. It is not excluded the local use of antibiotics in the form of an aerosol, for example, Levovinizol, Olazol.
3. To strengthen the immune system, it is necessary to take immunostimulants, vitamin and mineral complexes. Doctors additionally prescribe suppositories with probiotics, which restore the vaginal microflora.
4. If the cause of erosion is fungal in nature, the patient needs to use Metronidazole, Seknidazole, Azithromycin, Fluconazole and other antifungal drugs orally and vaginally.
5. Dishormonal disorders can be eliminated with the help of oral contraceptives, individually selected by the attending physician. To restore hormonal balance, analogues of natural progesterone and estrogen are recommended.
6. A secondary role is played by physiotherapeutic procedures, among which iontophoresis with drugs, microcurrent and ozone therapy, ultraviolet and short-wave ultraviolet therapy, helium-neon laser are especially popular.

Surgery

Drug treatment after identifying the underlying cause of the disease is not always highly effective. Doctors recommend surgical intervention, the main goals of which are to destroy the cylindrical epithelium, ensure a quick discharge and accelerate the regeneration of the injured epithelium. Types of invasive techniques:

1. Diathermocoagulation. In fact, this is cauterization of erosion by electric current. The duration of the procedure is 20-30 minutes, additional use of anesthesia is not required.
2. Cryotherapy. This is the impact on the focus of pathology of low temperatures (liquid nitrogen), as a result of which the affected area is frozen out.
3. Laser coagulation. Cauterization of the affected areas with a laser. The rehabilitation period lasts 4-6 weeks, the risk of repeated relapses is minimal.
4. Chemical coagulation. This is the use of special drugs, which, when they hit the cylindrical epithelium, contribute to the speedy death.
5. Diathermoconization. The use of a special loop to remove the overgrown cylindrical epithelium. Rehabilitation takes up to 2 months.

Complications

If the cause of the pathology is not identified and eliminated in a timely manner, erosion increases in size, captures healthy tissues, and leads to irreversible consequences in the woman's reproductive system. Potential complications:

• deformation with further formation of scars;
• diagnosed infertility;
• accession of a secondary infection;
• violation of the menstrual cycle;
• the occurrence of cancer (development of cancer cells);
• inflammatory processes of appendages, ovaries.

Video

Erosion is a rather mysterious female disease. There are many opinions about where erosion comes from. Often this disease goes unnoticed with minor discharge and pain in the lower abdomen. Therefore, the patient usually learns about the disease during examination from a specialist.

Erosion is an inflammatory process on the cervix. In the normal state, the mucous membrane of the cervix is ​​pale pink, while erosion, on examination, appears in patches of red.

Due to the fact that it is difficult to track the onset of the disease, it is difficult to determine where cervical erosion comes from. The cause of the disease must be known in order to effectively treat a woman.

During the course of the disease, erosion is healed by a cylindrical single-layer epithelium within two weeks. When this happens, doctors state pseudo-erosion.

Causes of cervical erosion

The most common cause of erosion is the presence of various infections. This is especially true for diseases that are sexually transmitted. Infections literally “eat up” the cervical mucosa and cause inflammation.

Another common cause of cervical erosion is too rough and frequent sexual intercourse. By nature, the cervical mucosa is covered with a multi-layered epithelium, and with frequent injury to the epithelium, its layer becomes much thinner.

Often, erosion occurs after abortion and childbirth. In their process, the internal female organs are injured, this causes erosion.

The next reason for the appearance of erosion is a decrease in the level of female hormones in the female body. As a result, even those girls who have not lived sexually, as well as women who have not given birth, can get sick.

The risk group includes women in whom erosion may occur due to the weak immunity of the body.

The attending physician conducts a special study to accurately determine the individual erosion of the cervix. A smear is taken for the flora, special tests are taken that can detect a variety of infections, a cytological examination, a biopsy and a blood test from a vein are performed.

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Cervical erosion is an ulceration of the mucous membrane of the uterine os. Pathology is widespread and occurs in a third of women who come to see a gynecologist. However, true erosion should be distinguished from pseudo-erosion, since these are two different diseases, which means that their treatment will also differ.

Cervical erosion - is it dangerous?

Every woman who has been diagnosed with such a diagnosis wonders how dangerous this disease is. To assess the degree of threat to the body, you need to check with the doctor what exactly he means by the word "erosion".

If a woman has pseudo-erosion, then this condition is not dangerous for the body. When true erosion is detected, it is necessary to find out the reasons that led to its development. If this is a vaginal infection, then there is a risk of its ascending spread to the uterus and appendages, which can lead to serious diseases, including.

In any case, when a doctor prescribes treatment, you should not ignore it. Most common gynecological pathologies, such as, and, are associated with erosion - they either provoke its development or occur against its background. The most dangerous erosion of the cervix during pregnancy, as the risk of miscarriage increases, there is the possibility of fetal sepsis and death. Therefore, do not underestimate the danger of erosion and treat treatment lightly.

Causes of cervical erosion

There are several possible causes or theories for the occurrence of this pathology.

Among the most common ones are:

According to doctors, endocervicitis plays a particularly significant role. This is due to the fact that during such processes there is an increase in the excretory function of the glands located in the epithelium of the cervix, which becomes the cause of its damage;

Pathological discharge from the uterus, for example, destroyed polyps, endometrium, myomatous nodes. Such substances contribute to the desquamation and maceration of the epithelial tissue of the cervix. This does not happen immediately, but as a result of the long-term influence of secretions on the surface of the neck. As a result, a woman develops true erosion, and her surface is populated by pathogenic microorganisms that cause infectious inflammation. Among the possible dangerous inhabitants of the vagina: trichomonas, gonococci, chlamydia, etc .;

Injuries. Mechanical damage to the cervix often occurs during operations, during childbirth, during abortions, the installation of intrauterine devices and other gynecological procedures. All this becomes the cause of eversion of the neck and the development of erosion;

Hormonal disruptions. Among the most dangerous conditions in terms of cervical erosion are late or, on the contrary, too early puberty of a girl, menstrual irregularities or ovarian functioning, their inflammation, pregnancy at an early and too late age;

immune disorders leading to various failures in the body, including erosion. In this case, diseases of a non-gynecological nature play a role;

Special development of the fetus during pregnancy. Sometimes a zone of cylindrical cells is formed outside the cervical os. However, such a defect is not considered a disease, does not require treatment and resolves on its own.

In addition, in nulliparous women, erosion occurs more often in the presence of the following predisposing factors:

Irregular sex life with rare sexual intercourse;

Early sexual debut;

Weak immune defense;

Frequent change of sexual partners and promiscuity.

There is also a connection between the development of the pathological process and the following reasons:

A woman's addiction to smoking;

Hereditary predisposition to the formation of erosion;

It is possible that the use of hormonal drugs for contraception has an effect, but this relationship is still being established.

Sometimes in absolutely healthy women who did not give birth and did not have abortions, erosion occurs for no apparent reason. Most often, it passes on its own, and doctors associate it with the physiological processes occurring in the body. As for frequent stresses and the influence of other psycho-emotional causes on the development of the disease, the connection between them and cervical erosion has not been proven.

The latent course of the erosive process is observed in 90% of cases. If there are symptoms, then it is extremely scarce and does not force a woman to see a doctor. Therefore, the pathology is mainly detected quite by accident, when a woman comes to the gynecologist for a preventive examination.

Possible rare manifestations of the disease may include:

With uncomplicated erosion, a woman's natural vaginal discharge may increase. This factor is due to the fact that the increased area of ​​the cylindrical epithelium produces more mucus;

Sometimes a woman is forced to go to an appointment by pain in the lower abdomen, menstrual irregularities, the appearance of whites that have an unpleasant odor. However, these clinical manifestations are explained by concomitant diseases of the genital area, and not by an erosive process;

Erosion itself in rare cases can cause a feeling of heaviness in the lower abdomen, the appearance of discomfort. Especially these sensations are intensified after intimacy. In addition, after intercourse, a woman may detect the appearance of minor spotting.

With an advanced form of the disease, the leucorrhoea becomes thick and mucous, blood or purulent contents can be observed in them.

Doctors distinguish several types of erosion, each of which has its own characteristics:

Erosion is true, which resembles an abrasion. The surface of the stratified squamous epithelium is inflamed and damaged. After 1-2 weeks, this type of erosion either eliminates itself or transforms into ectopia when the stratified squamous epithelium is replaced by cylindrical cells;

Pseudo-erosion, or ectopia proper. The cylindrical epithelium, as it were, creeps onto the neck area, which is normally lined with stratified squamous epithelium. On examination, the doctor sees a red surface with small villi. Ectopia can be acquired and congenital. As for the acquired variety of erosion, it occurs as a result of either a hormonal imbalance, or becomes the result of any diseases of a woman;

Erosion is congenital. At the same time, the border between the flat multilayered and cylindrical epithelium is displaced and is located on the vaginal part of the cervix. Such a defect is not large and by about 23 years passes on its own and without treatment. This type of erosion is very typical for nulliparous women under the age of 25 and for those who take oral contraceptives.

In turn, true erosion is of several types. It is classified depending on what caused the development of pathology:

True inflammatory - becomes the result of any infection of the genital organs (it can be trichomoniasis, chlamydia, etc.);

True traumatic - appears as a result of injuries during rough sexual intercourse, childbirth, diagnostic curettage, abortion, etc .;

True chemical - is formed as a result of damage to the cervix by aggressive substances used for douching with independent unskilled treatment;

True burn - is formed as a result of cauterization of the site of the throat of the cervix;

True trophic - occurs as a result of a violation of the blood supply to the neck or due to irradiation of the genital organs;

True specific - becomes the result of infection or;

I was cauterized by erosion, but after 2 years it reappeared. What to do? You will need re-treatment. Perhaps more radical. Of the existing methods, laser therapy gives the smallest percentage of relapses.

I have watery discharge mixed with blood after cauterization of cervical erosion. This is fine? Yes. They can last a month after cauterization.

How long can you not have sex after cauterization of cervical erosion? Approximately 4 weeks until the complete disappearance of spotting.

Is it possible to have sex with erosion? Yes, you can.

The doctor suggested cauterizing the erosion with liquid nitrogen. Will I have a scar on my cervix after the procedure? No, it will not, this method does not leave, it can be recommended to nulliparous women planning a pregnancy in the coming year.

In order to determine the therapeutic regimen, it is necessary to take into account many factors, the main among which is the cause that caused erosion.

It is important to eliminate it first of all:

If a woman has sexually transmitted infections, then they should be treated depending on which pathogen caused the disease. For this, either antibiotics or antiviral agents are used;

When the course of therapy aimed at eliminating inflammation is completed, the doctor will decide what is the best way to get rid of pseudo-erosion. This is also affected by the area of ​​​​the throat of the neck, which is involved in the pathological process, and at what age the patient is, and whether she plans to have children, etc.;

Modern methods of eliminating erosion allow even nulliparous women to get rid of the pathological process. While in the past, erosion was recommended to be treated only after childbirth, and the process itself dragged on for several years;

Eliminate the defect in the first phase of the next menstrual cycle, as soon as the bleeding ends. However, there are exceptions, in particular, the method of diathermocoagulation.

It is worth knowing that the so-called cauterization is not always an impact with the help of any toolkit. In some cases, the defect can be removed using special preparations.

This method of ridding a woman of cervical erosion comes down to the fact that the area with the defect is treated with a chemical preparation. As such, Solkovagin can be used. It contains zinc nitrate, nitric, oxalic and acetic acid. The use of chemical coagulation is possible with small erosions.

In the recent past, doctors used another drug, Vagotil, to eliminate the defect. It was applied to a tampon and inserted deep into the vagina for a week. However, modern doctors do not use it, since it acts on the surface layers without penetrating inside, which leads to a low effectiveness of the drug. While after treatment with Solkovagin, a scab is formed, which is rejected after a few days. After two months, complete tissue regeneration occurs, and the healing process is completed.

Among the positive aspects of chemical coagulation:

No pain during the procedure;

Ease of use of the method (cauterize the erosion twice with a break of several minutes);

Low cost of the drug (the price of two ampoules of Solkovagin does not exceed 1200 rubles).

If we consider the negative sides, then the only negative is the ability to process only slight erosion.

This method of getting rid of pathology refers to outdated methods, and it has many disadvantages. The essence of diathermocoagulation is that erosion is cauterized with high-frequency current, and a black scab is formed on the treated area, looking like a burn. In this regard, this method of treatment is currently used extremely rarely.

Other cons of this method include:

During treatment, the woman experiences pain;

Both during and after cauterization, there is a risk of bleeding;

The cervix is ​​deformed as a result of scarring, so it is not possible to use this method in women who are going to give birth, as well as in women who have not given birth.

Recovery occurs after 1.5 months, and the cauterization itself is performed immediately before menstruation, so that the scab is rejected faster and more painlessly. Among the advantages of diathermocoagulation are the possibility to perform conization of the neck before this, as well as the low cost of the method and its simplicity.

This method is one of the most common. It boils down to the fact that the affected area is treated with a beam of laser beams. Before irradiation, the cervix is ​​wiped with a solution of acetic acid and iodine solution. This allows you to achieve vasospasm, and also makes it possible to "outline" the boundaries of erosion. When a laser beam hits pathological tissues, moisture evaporates from damaged cells and, as a result, they are destroyed.

Among the positive aspects of this technique can be noted:

No pain during the procedure;

High efficiency, while the guarantee of recovery is 98%;

Scars do not form on the cervix.

Among the main disadvantages of this method, the relatively high cost of the procedure is distinguished, and the decay zone of healthy tissue is quite large compared to radio wave erosion therapy.

This relatively new method is based on the fact that the affected area is treated with liquid nitrogen, its temperature can reach 150 degrees with a minus sign. Nitrous oxide is sprayed using a special apparatus. In this case, the area of ​​the treated tissue acquires a light color and becomes insensitive. The fluid in the affected cells turns into ice crystals, which leads to the destruction of pathological tissues. The procedure takes an average of 15 minutes, and full recovery occurs after 1.5 months. After the treatment, the woman has abundant discharge, which mainly consists of water.

Among the positive aspects of this method of treatment:

High efficiency, which reaches 97%;

Ease of implementation;

No pain during treatment;

No deformity of the cervix.

Among the shortcomings of cryocoagulation, doctors highlight the possible risk of incomplete treatment of the damaged area, as well as the appearance of copious discharge (possibly with blood impurities) after the procedure.

This method of treatment is one of the most popular in modern medicine. He is preferred by the majority of oncogynecologists, calling the treatment with radio waves the most effective. The method is non-contact, while the electric current, passing through the special apparatus Surgitron, is transformed and converted into radio waves. With the help of an electrode, they are directed exactly to the affected area.

During the procedure, there is no contact between the tissues and the electrode, the cervix is ​​not exposed to high temperatures and does not heat up, which does not lead to burns. In this case, the fluid from pathological cells evaporates, and the diseased cells themselves are destroyed. The immediate affected area is small, healthy tissue does not suffer from radio waves, which is an undoubted advantage of this method.

It is worth knowing that the procedure can cause pain, so local anesthesia is necessary.

Among the positives:

100% cure for erosion is guaranteed;

The risk of bleeding is reduced to zero;

The neck does not form a scar, it is not deformed.

After a maximum of three weeks, tissue is completely restored, and the woman recovers. In addition, the procedure can be carried out on any day of the menstrual cycle. As for the shortcomings, there is only one - not every clinic has equipment for radio wave treatment, and it is not cheap.

Surgitron in the treatment of cervical erosion is a recognized leader in terms of effectiveness. This is a special apparatus that is used to eliminate erosion using radio waves. Damaged tissues are simply evaporated under the influence of microwave vibrations. The patient experiences almost no pain during such treatment. At the same time, the vessels are instantly sealed or coagulated, which prevents the development of such a complication as. After the treatment is completed, a special protective film is applied to the damaged surface, which makes it possible to protect the uterus from various infections.

Treatment with this modern device is suitable for most women, even those who have not had pregnancies and have not gone through childbirth. This is due to the fact that scars will not form on the surface of the cervix, as with other methods of exposure. It is the scars that often cause violations of labor activity in the subsequent time. Also, treatment with Surgitron is suitable for women who have recently given birth, who have just completed lochia, while lactation is not a contraindication to the procedure.

However, despite the fact that the method is minimally traumatic, before undergoing treatment, a woman needs to carefully prepare.

These activities boil down to:

Identification of infections of the genital tract, including hidden ones. Any inflammatory process must be excluded: vagina, uterus, ovaries, tubes;

The procedure is not done during menstruation;

Treatment with Surgitron should be carried out with extreme caution if a woman has poor blood clotting;

Before starting treatment using radio waves, a woman must undergo a complete diagnosis.

When the session is completed, for two weeks you should not lift weights, bathe in the bath and live an intimate life. When the doctor confirms that the recovery process has come to an end, you can start planning a pregnancy.

Candles for cervical erosion

Erosion can be treated not only with cauterization, but also using various candles.

This method is the most gentle, among the indications for candle therapy:

An erosive process caused by an imbalance in the microflora of the vagina;

Pain during the menstrual cycle with localization in the sacrum;

Erosion caused by venereal diseases;

Injuries received after abortion or difficult childbirth;

Erosion, formed as a result of hormonal failure.

However, it is worth knowing that candle therapy is possible only with small areas that have undergone a pathological process. Erosions of a larger size, as a rule, do not respond well to conservative treatment. Also, candles can be prescribed as an adjuvant therapy after cauterization. You should not prescribe the drug yourself and use it to eliminate erosion, as this can be detrimental to health. It should be taken into account that sea buckthorn oil is not used to treat ectopia, as it promotes the growth of epithelial tissue, which means it stimulates the growth of erosion. It is possible to treat ectopia with sea buckthorn candles only after it is cauterized.

Candles Depantol. They are administered intravaginally twice a day. The maximum duration of a course of treatment is 3 weeks. During therapy, it is forbidden to use toilet soap for washing, since the components included in its composition neutralize the effect of candles;

Candles Hexicon. They are able to relieve inflammation, normalize the microflora, have no contraindications. They are also used twice a day, the duration of the course can be a maximum of 20 days;

Candles Livarol. The advantage of this remedy is that it is enough to administer it once, and the therapeutic effect can be achieved after five days. However, they cannot be used during childbearing, during lactation and in the presence of hypersensitivity to the components that make up the candles;

Fitor candles. This remedy is made on a natural basis, more often used after cauterization of erosion;

Candles Clotrimazole. The therapeutic course is 6 days, a candle is inserted once a day;

Candles Suporon. Based on therapeutic mud, application is possible only after consulting a doctor.

Should erosion be treated at all?

Cervical erosion does not always require treatment. The need for therapy is determined by the doctor and depends on a number of factors. It is important to establish the type of erosion, the degree of its progression and the cause of the occurrence.

According to etiology, it is customary to distinguish the following types of cervical erosion:

Ectropion;

Ectopic columnar epithelium;

Erosion true;

Erosion is inflammatory or the so-called cervicitis.

As a rule, the doctor informs the patient about the problem, but does not name the type of erosion during the announcement of the diagnosis. Although this moment is one of the key in the question of the need for therapy. Therefore, after making such a diagnosis, a woman must independently clarify it.

To determine whether erosion should be treated, the patient is referred for a colposcopy. In parallel, tests for latent sexual infections (syphilis, trichomoniasis, chlamydia, etc.) are performed. Only after receiving the results of all studies, you can decide on the tactics of further treatment.

If there are no latent sexual infections, and inflammation of a nonspecific nature (candidiasis, vaginal dysbacteriosis) is not detected, then it is not necessary to treat the mucosal defect. It does not matter what type of erosion a woman has.

The next diagnostic step is to take a smear to identify atypical cells. If it is negative, then you should take a wait-and-see attitude. This is due to the fact that any erosion against the background of the full health of the reproductive system can resolve itself. Even if there is no cure, surgery will not be required until undesirable changes are found in the cytology smear, or other signs appear that indicate the presence of severe cervical dysplasia.

Erosion treatment is required if it is covered with ulcers, or if there is an inflammatory process in the vagina. Therapy is reduced to taking medications (antibiotics, antifungal and anti-inflammatory drugs), which should act directly on the cause of the pathology. The success of medical correction is achieved in 90% of cases. Therapy can last up to 3-4 months. Only after this time is it possible to make a decision to perform a surgical intervention using one method or another (radio wave surgery, laser or chemical coagulation, diathermocoagulation, etc.).

The operation is indicated for severe dysplasia, which is detected by the results of a cytological examination of a smear. It does not matter whether there is an inflammatory process in the vagina or not. Affected tissues are unambiguously removed.

Prevention of cervical erosion

All doctors are unanimous in one opinion - erosion, like any other disease, is easier to prevent than for a long time, and, at times, it is painful to get rid of it. Therefore, the prevention of this cervical pathology is a rather urgent issue:

Regardless of whether a woman is healthy or not, she needs to undergo regular examinations by a gynecologist. Both visual inspection and smear sampling are important;

It is important for a woman to adhere to elementary hygiene rules, not to forget about the need to wear underwear made from quality materials;

A permanent sexual partner is a guarantee of protection against most sexually transmitted diseases, which, in turn, can provoke erosion. Do not ignore such an elementary method of contraception as a condom. It will protect a woman not only from diseases, but also from unwanted pregnancy, which can lead to abortion, injury and erosion;

It is important to monitor the state of the immune system and eliminate any diseases in time. For this purpose, it is worth taking vitamin and mineral complexes, which are especially relevant in the autumn and spring. In this regard, physical activity, a balanced diet, yoga classes, etc., perfectly “work” on the immune system.

These measures are quite enough to avoid such an unpleasant pathology as cervical erosion, especially for nulliparous women. Naturally, before planning pregnancy, it is best to get rid of erosion, if it is not congenital. This will help preserve the health of the woman and the unborn child.

Education: Diploma "Obstetrics and Gynecology" received at the Russian State Medical University of the Federal Agency for Health and Social Development (2010). In 2013, she completed her postgraduate studies at the NMU. N. I. Pirogov.