After an oncological operation, a decrease in hemoglobin 70. Oncology: the problem has a solution. The effect of chemotherapy on the blood

One of the important indicators of clinical tests in people with oncology, which doctors pay close attention to, is the dynamics of hemoglobin levels in the blood. Cancer patients regularly donate blood for research in order to monitor the effectiveness of treatment and to adjust indicators. What kind of hemoglobin happens in cancer, and what causes it to fall? What methods and procedures, in addition to drug treatment, can contribute to its increase? How to raise hemoglobin after chemotherapy? Such questions are often asked to doctors by patients and people interested in the speedy recovery of relatives or friends.

How do indicators change with the development of oncological diseases?

The main function of hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells, is the delivery of oxygen from the lungs to other organs and tissues of the body, transportation for the removal of carbon dioxide. A decrease in hemoglobin level is diagnosed in more than half of patients with the development of a cancerous tumor. This condition is called anemia, in simple speech - anemia.

Hemoglobin values ​​in a healthy person are within 140 units in men, 120 in women. A fluctuation of several units above or below the norm does not affect the state of health.

In people susceptible to cancer, its content begins to drop significantly and remains stably low, especially with the development of cancer in the last stages. This condition is accompanied by weakness, chest pain, shortness of breath, the patient develops dizziness, pale skin, increased heart rate. When the indicator falls, there is a decrease in immunity, a depressed state or increased nervousness.

When cancer develops, the amount of iron decreases, which makes it more difficult to cope with the disease.

Why does hemoglobin in the blood fall in oncology?

There are several factors that cause low hemoglobin levels in the development of oncology. It is important to establish the reason for the drop in this indicator in each case. This is necessary to improve the patient's condition, to prevent further deterioration of his health.

The reason for the decrease in hemoglobin in cancer is associated with bleeding, often of a chronic nature. Oncology is accompanied by such a process in many cases, its occurrence is provoked due to the progression of the disease, often occurs as a side effect of treatment. Other, common reasons contributing to the decrease in the indicator have been identified:

• disorders of the stomach and intestines, which are the cause of poor absorption of iron;
• bone marrow metastasis makes it impossible to synthesize hemoglobin, which in a healthy person is formed in this organ;
• the impossibility of a full meal, providing the need for iron, due to frequent urge to vomit;
• the use of treatment methods (chemotherapy, radiation therapy), the side effect of which is a decrease in hematopoiesis, changes in the bone marrow;
• persistent intoxication of the patient's body due to the fact that the cancerous tumor grows, develops, then disintegrates in the last stages of the disease.

Why does hemoglobin fall in cancer patients? The answer to this question depends on several factors. If hemoglobin continues to decrease, its indicator remains so for a long time, it is necessary to determine the cause.

Treatment is prescribed by the doctor individually in each case, it takes into account the stage of the disease, the shape and location of the tumor, and other factors.

Why is it necessary to increase hemoglobin?

A decrease in hemoglobin can worsen the state of health, cause a decrease in life expectancy. The reasons for the decrease in hemoglobin in oncology can be of a different nature, which must be determined for further therapy, and other important indicators of the patient's condition must be taken into account.

A person with oncology, depending on the type of disease and its stage, experiences severe physical pain, weakness, and is in an unfavorable psycho-emotional state. If at the same time the patient has a decrease in hemoglobin, the general indicators of his health worsen. Increased fatigue, loss of strength are steadily observed and the incentive to fight the disease disappears, vitality decreases. The cancerous tumor begins to progress and grow. This is due to the low level of oxygen, for which hemoglobin is “responsible”.

Ways to increase hemoglobin in oncology

There are two ways to raise hemoglobin for a cancer patient - the drug method and the use of a special diet that includes the use of a set of foods high in iron. How to increase hemoglobin in oncology, which method to choose, the doctor decides. Treatment is prescribed after studying the disease - the localization of the cancerous tumor, the degree of development, the presence of other diseases that can negatively affect hemoglobin levels.

To increase hemoglobin, medical manipulations are used:

• introduction of hemoglobin into the blood by the method of transfusion of erythrocyte mass;
• the use of injections or oral preparations containing iron;
• stimulation of the bone marrow to increased production of red blood cells, hemoglobin by administering erythropoietin.

At the first stage of the development of oncological disease, it is possible to increase the hemoglobin level due to the nutrition recommended for this category of patients. The later stages of cancer require a combination of an iron-rich menu and medications. Food will not help with some types of cancer. For example: the level of hemoglobin in cancer of the esophagus, stomach or intestines is difficult, and sometimes impossible, to change with a special diet due to physiological changes in the patient's body that prevent the normal process of digestion and processing of food.

Hemoglobin level and chemotherapy

For the treatment of oncological diseases, aggressive methods of treatment are often used - chemotherapy, radiation therapy. At the beginning of their use, patients develop mild anemia, which then proceeds in a more complex, sometimes chronic form. For many patients who have undergone such procedures and are waiting for them to begin, the question arises: in what case and in what way can hemoglobin be increased after chemotherapy for cancer patients?

Tracking medical statistics allows us to conclude that patients whose hemoglobin levels were normal before chemotherapy received a more effective result from its implementation than those suffering from anemia.

Therefore, elevated hemoglobin during the development of oncology is a good prerequisite for the recovery of the patient, with a high level of it, the chances of recovery increase.

Only a doctor can advise a way to raise hemoglobin in the blood after chemotherapy. Preparations containing iron, other procedures during this period are dangerous because of the side effects that they have on the patient's body, cause cancer in some cases, they should be taken with caution.

It is necessary to do chemotherapy for cancer patients in most cases. Indicators of reduced hemoglobin are the basis for the use of treatment methods:

• the introduction of iron-containing drugs intravenously;
• with the help of blood transfusion - the method helps to quickly raise the level of hemoglobin;
• a method of restoring the oxygen transport function of the blood by transfusion of erythrocyte mass.

Hemoglobin decreases during chemotherapy in conjunction with other blood changes. In order to avoid dangerous complications, it is required to normalize its composition, bring the indicators in line with the norm. It is possible to achieve such goals with the help of iron-containing medicines, which take a long time to take. Using a diet based on buckwheat, fish, liver, beef, red vegetables and fruits will improve blood counts.

High hemoglobin after chemotherapy in a cancer patient indicates the restoration of hematopoietic functions in the bone marrow, its increase during treatment indicates favorable prognosis for recovery.

How to improve the performance in the blood test for an oncology patient before surgery?

Surgical intervention in the treatment of oncology is carried out in most cases. This method requires a lot of preparation and close attention, therapeutic treatment after the implementation. The patient loses a significant amount of blood, the deficiency is restored with the help of plasma transfusion, which "dilutes" the blood, it contains less than the norm of red blood cells, hemoglobin. How to raise hemoglobin in oncology before surgery and prevent its decline after the intervention, what to take for this?

Often, cancer patients require a surgical method of treatment urgently; it is not possible to postpone the procedure. A blood transfusion procedure will help to quickly increase hemoglobin.

Long-term use is necessary in the treatment of iron preparations. A positive effect on the patient's body before and after surgery has the appointment of folic acid, vitamin B12 injections, vitamin complexes, they should be taken in accordance with the recommendations of the attending physician. Prescribed drugs may have side effects, regular monitoring of treatment results is required. Stop taking medicines immediately if dangerous effects appear.

Eating foods high in iron is a necessary condition, which is required before the operation, during the recovery period after the operation. Such food raises hemoglobin, increases the vitality of the operated person.

Therapeutic procedures at home

After the medical procedures necessary for the fight against oncology in a hospital, the patient must continue the treatment on his own with the constant supervision of specialists. How to raise hemoglobin at home? Traditional medicine, proper nutrition, lifestyle changes can be ways to increase hemoglobin levels.

Effective remedies were made by our ancestors. The recipes use ingredients that raise hemoglobin, conditionally normalizing blood composition: oats, barley, walnut kernels, rose hips, flax seeds. Cranberry and lingonberry fruit drinks are popular "among the people" - they are a good prophylactic for anemia.

As part of the food, buckwheat, liver, dairy products, meat and fish, natural honey are needed. Vegetable juices from carrots, beets, apple, pomegranate juice - with their help, the process of hematopoiesis increases. The consumption of fatty foods, coffee is associated with a drop in indicators - it is unambiguous to refuse these products.

Increasing levels of iron will be observed with an active lifestyle. Hiking in the fresh air, especially in a park or forest with coniferous trees, will saturate the blood with oxygen and improve well-being. Be careful with physical activity, even if it requires little effort.

With increased hemoglobin, the treatment of oncological diseases will be more successful, efforts should be made to improve its performance by any means permitted by the doctor.

How to increase hemoglobin in oncology? This is a popular question, because very often in oncology there is a decrease in this indicator. Patients diagnosed with cancer are routinely ordered to have a blood test to monitor their hemoglobin levels. Currently, there are many ways to restore this indicator during oncology. In most cases, anemia manifests itself in the most advanced stages of cancer.

Decreased hemoglobin in cancer

In some cases, hemoglobin rapidly decreases due to severe internal bleeding. This condition is very common in colon cancer. In this situation, an anemic state can be detected already at the very beginning of the development of oncology.

If there is not enough iron in the blood, then after the analysis this will be determined. This element must be raised. Reduced hemoglobin delivers oxygen to the organs in insufficient quantities. Gradually they all begin to suffer.

Anemia can occur due to metastases that have managed to spread to the bone marrow. And he, in turn, is responsible for new blood cells.

The reasons for the fall of hemoglobin in oncology are conditionally divided into three large groups:

1. Slow formation of red blood cells.
2. Rapid breakdown of red blood cells.
3. Bleeding.

Anemia in oncology has quite complex characteristics. Any circumstance can be the reason. Basically it's iron deficiency. People with cancer cannot eat normally because they often feel sick. There is an aversion to food. So it becomes impossible to replenish iron stores from food.

The production of new blood cells is affected by radiation and chemotherapy used in cancer. This includes many drugs that adversely affect the process of hematopoiesis.

A drop in hemoglobin levels is caused by cytotoxic agents that accumulate in the patient's body over time. Anemia begins to progress.

Numerous experiments have shown that hemoglobin falls during the entire course of chemotherapy. After all, the percentage drop is almost 50%. Anemia develops and can reach even the third degree of complexity.

Experts knowingly find out the reason for the decrease in hemoglobin in oncology. This fact allows you to choose the right treatment.

Anemia in cancer is divided into three types:

The first type is the most uncomplicated. There is not enough iron in the patient's body. All this happens because some organs are damaged, all the useful substances received tend to the affected area in order to maintain vital activity.

The second type is caused by a deficiency of folic acid, as well as vitamin B12.

The third type of anemia is formed due to significant blood loss, pathologies in the bone marrow, kidneys and other abnormalities that occur in the body.

Normalization of hemoglobin level

Hemoglobin is reduced in most patients who have cancer. So the question of how to increase this indicator in a tumor is the most acute.

The resulting anemia in a cancer patient greatly affects the quality of life:

• constant fatigue;
• shorter life span of the patient;
• decrease in the effectiveness of tumor treatment.

Basically, anemia is formed after radiation or chemotherapy. But there are other reasons, such as lack of iron, the presence of serious pathologies in the body, or extensive internal bleeding.

To restore the level of hemoglobin in oncology, you will need medical help. This includes intravenous injections of special drugs and iron itself.

In order to increase hemoglobin in oncology, you need to know the main cause of this condition. All additional factors must be taken into account.

Increased hemoglobin in cancer

How to raise hemoglobin in oncology? In order to correctly arrive at the desired method of treatment, it is necessary to correctly determine the cause of anemia.

There are several reasons for the formation of anemia:

• Extensive blood loss. With cancer, endophytic growth of the neoplasm occurs. As a result, neighboring healthy tissues are damaged. In advanced cases, the tumor can damage blood vessels, which is why internal hemorrhage occurs. Erythrocytes die, as well as hemoglobin. As soon as the blood is stopped, the stage of anemia is determined. If the deviation is insignificant, it will be enough for the patient to prescribe a certain diet. When the level falls below 70 units, the patient is hospitalized. In such a situation, sometimes even drugs do not help. The doctor prescribes a blood transfusion. Fighting anemia in cancer is very difficult, because hemorrhages are repeated.
• Lack of nutrients. Absolutely with any oncology in the patient's body, active cell division occurs. This growth needs nourishment. The body has to use the reserves of previously accumulated substances. This condition is observed not only in malignant neoplasms, but also in benign ones. Basically, a special diet is enough here to replenish the lost elements. A growing tumor is removed or an attempt is made to slow down its growth. After a few weeks, hemoglobin levels should return to normal.
• Bone marrow cancer. With this pathology, the cells do not have time to divide normally, therefore, disturbances occur in the area of ​​erythrocytes and hemoglobin. Such anemia cannot be overcome by diet alone; serious therapy is prescribed to restore hemoglobin.
• Kidney cancer. This pathology always affects the level of hemoglobin, since the kidneys synthesize this protein. Patients whose diagnosis sounds exactly like this suffer from anemia that develops in stages. Here, in the treatment, special drugs are used that can replenish hemoglobin reserves. What will be the dose is determined by the attending physician.
• Suppression of the formation of blood cells. Most patients diagnosed with cancer must undergo an aggressive course of therapy to influence tumor growth and prolong their lives. Radiotherapy or chemotherapy is usually used. Both methods have a negative effect on the formation of new blood cells. So only the neoplasm cannot be blamed, blood cells suppress side effects. But almost all cancers are treated in this way. Experts have long developed a special diet that replenishes the lost substances in the patient's body. If changes in the bone marrow are irreversible, then the doctor prescribes a transplant. But this is done in very rare cases.

Anemia in malignant tumors is quite common. This is manifested in such signs as a feeling of weakness, pale skin, rapid onset of fatigue, shortness of breath and rapid pulse. These factors have a depressing effect on a person, suppressing the incentive to fight the disease. Cancer cells do not tolerate a good supply of oxygen, which means that low hemoglobin in oncology promotes their growth by reducing the transport of oxygen to healthy tissues.

Erythrocytes in humans are produced by the bone marrow, and the kidney hormone erythropoietin informs the body about their deficiency and stimulates the production of new cells. Anemia can occur with oncological diseases or their treatment for the following reasons:

1. Certain chemotherapy drugs damage the bone marrow, which, once damaged, is unable to produce enough red blood cells.
2. Certain types of cancer have a direct effect on the bone marrow (lymphoma and leukemia), and also metastasize to the bone (in breast or lung cancer), displacing the healthy bone marrow.
3. Chemotherapy drugs based on platinum compounds injure the kidneys by disrupting the synthesis of erythropoietin.
4. Low appetite and vomiting cause a lack of nutrients for the formation of red blood cells, which include iron, folate and vit. AT 12.
5. Internal bleeding from cancer or surgery leads to anemia if red blood cells are lost more quickly than they are produced.
6. Anemia is sometimes caused by the response of a person's immune system to the development of a cancerous tumor, and is considered anemia of chronic disease.

Anemia occurs when the hemoglobin level is low, when a drop in the amount of this protein in the blood impairs the transport of oxygen to cells and tissues, which leads to a general decrease in tone. A strong degree of anemia depresses the body so much that it excludes the possibility of regular chemotherapy sessions. This condition is not independent, but is a symptom of another pathology.

Anemia in bowel cancer, anemia in breast cancer, anemia in prostate cancer or any other form of cancer by their nature result from standard causes, the main of which is a lack of elements for hematopoiesis, or oppression of the hematopoietic organs. The doctor must take into account the peculiarities of the location and development of the tumor, as well as the degree of anemia, after which he decides on the appointment of certain therapeutic measures.

The normal indicator of hemoglobin in men is 140, and in women 120 and above units. Cancer anemia occurs in 60% of patients, reducing the desire to beat the disease, reducing the chance of recovery, and shortening life. To eliminate this harmful factor, a special treatment for anemia in cancer patients has been developed, consisting of therapeutic procedures and nutritional correction.

Low hemoglobin in cancer patients is effectively corrected by traditional methods, which include:

1. Erythropoietin injections (natural or synthetic), which stimulate hematopoiesis and increase the total number of red blood cells (drugs Recormon, Erythropoietin, Epostim and others).
2. Red blood cell transfusion, which is obtained from the blood of donors by centrifugation. As a result, a high dose of hemoglobin is found in the blood.
3. Injections of iron-containing preparations that compensate for the lack of a microelement and supplement the administration of erythropoietin.

In the treatment of anemia against the background of oncology, the transfusion of erythrocyte mass, which is prepared only in a hospital, has become widespread. With anemia, the procedure is more effective than using whole blood for this, since the required number of red blood cells is in a small volume without cell destruction products, citrates and antigens. With severe anemia, the procedure has no absolute indications.

But there is a list of pathologies and conditions when the infusion of red blood cells is relatively contraindicated. The indication for transfusion in oncology, as well as its rate, is determined by the attending physician after analyzing clinical data and laboratory tests. At the same time, there is no standard approach to this procedure, since each type of cancer has its own characteristics.

Anemia in cancer patients cannot be successfully eliminated without the use of a healthy diet, which plays an important supporting role, acting as a general tonic for the entire body. The following components must be present in the diet:

• Water. It is consumed in an amount of about 2 l / day, being a natural solvent during biochemical processes. Its lack will make other efforts ineffective.
• Foods high in iron. These are peas, lentils, pistachio nuts, liver, spinach. From cereals - oatmeal, buckwheat, barley, wheat, as well as corn, peanuts and other commonly available crops.
• Foods high in vit. C, B12 and folate. These are the fruits of wild rose, sweet red pepper, currant, sea buckthorn, greens.

Anemia is better corrected if very low hemoglobin in cancer is treated not only by traditional, but also by folk methods. The following folk remedies bring excellent results:

• Dandelion officinalis. The decoction stimulates the appetite and has a positive effect on the digestion process. Prepared from two teaspoons of dried root, infused for 6 hours in a glass of cold water. Take half a glass 4 times a day.
• Black radish. It has a positive effect on the entire body. To do this, the grated product is added to salads for a month, and to enhance the effectiveness, they additionally take up to 30 pcs. mustard seeds.
• Wormwood. A three-liter bottle is filled with dry raw materials, filled with 40% alcohol and infused for 3 weeks without access to light. It is taken 1 drop diluted in a thimble of water for 3 weeks, followed by a break of 2 weeks.
• Swamp calamus. The root, which can cause appetite, is finely chopped, and 0.5 liters are poured into the amount of a tablespoon. boiling water, then boil for 10 minutes. The decoction is taken in a glass 2 times a day.
• Rose hip. Activates metabolic processes in the body, rich in vitamin C. A decoction is prepared from 2 tsp. fruits and a glass of boiling water. Drink 3 times a day after meals.

There are also herbal preparations that improve metabolic processes, which are prepared by brewing equal portions of dry raw materials, consisting of nettle leaves, birch, fireweed, buckwheat flowers. Brew 3 tbsp. l. mixtures per 0.5 l. water. Drink half a glass in 20 minutes. before eating. The course of admission fees is 8 weeks.

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Executive Director
Non-commercial partnership "Equal right to life",
YES. Borisov

Oncology: the problem has a solution

Modern Russian statistics are frightening: every year in the country Oncology is detected in more than 500 thousand people. Of these, about 300 thousand die. Every third of those who are diagnosed with the disease for the first time today will die within 12 months. This is largely due to the lack of information: people do not know anything about where, how and why it is necessary and possible to undergo an examination in order to detect the disease at an early stage, and even after hearing their diagnosis, many patients cannot receive the treatment they need in full. volume.

There are also problems in medical institutions. Alas, modern technology for the treatment of cancer today is not available in all cities. The staff is poorly trained: surgeons, chemotherapists and radiologists need up-to-date qualification knowledge.

The non-profit partnership "Equal Right to Life" is trying to solve these problems. Since 2006, we have been trying to implement as efficiently as possible main goal of our program: to ensure the equality of the rights of Russian patients and Russian oncologists to information about modern achievements in world oncology.

During the implementation of the program, educational events are held for oncologists. Internships for specialists are carried out on the basis of the leading medical centers of the country. There is also a program for the implementation of field certification cycles and master classes with the involvement of leading specialists from our country.

Along with this, the material and technical base of regional oncological medical institutions is being modernized: modern equipment is being purchased, and repairs are being carried out at the expense of extrabudgetary funds free of charge.

Cancer is highly treatable in its early stages. In order for everyone to be able to consult with an experienced specialist and learn information about modern methods of fighting cancer (is cancer transmitted, what are its symptoms, methods of diagnosis and treatment), a special hotline "Equal Right to Life" was created in 2006.

The number of thematic events for the inhabitants of the country is growing every year, because cancer is a problem that everyone should know about.

Anemia is one of the most common problems in the world. This is due to the fact that a decrease in the level of hemoglobin occurs in a variety of diseases and may have different mechanisms of occurrence. From a medical point of view, anemia is not even a full-fledged independent disease. This is a pathological condition that most often only accompanies the course of other diseases. However, regardless of the cause, all patients with anemia develop similar symptoms. This made it possible to single it out as a separate term.

The problem of increasing hemoglobin in patients with anemia can be solved in different ways. First of all, it depends on the underlying disease. The fact is that not all anemias are treated equally. Making an accurate diagnosis is essential to the successful fight against low hemoglobin. Another important criterion is the general condition of the patient. A slight decrease in hemoglobin may not manifest itself for a long time, and sometimes there is even no need to urgently raise it to a normal level. At the same time, patients with severe anemia should be immediately hospitalized, and their treatment will be more radical.

Signs of low hemoglobin

You can suspect a decrease in hemoglobin if the following symptoms appear:

• dizziness;
• skin pallor;
• muscle weakness;
• cold intolerance;
• cheilitis;
• violations of the heart.

Dizziness

With a slight decrease in hemoglobin, patients may complain of periodic dizziness. It occurs only under the influence of certain external factors - physical activity, overheating, stress. The lower the patient's hemoglobin level, the more severe the symptom. In severe cases, there may be impaired coordination of movements, prolonged headaches, and even periodic loss of consciousness.

Pale skin

In addition to the skin, mucous membranes can also turn pale. It is believed that the most sensitive in this regard is the mucous membrane of the eyes, the conjunctiva. She starts to turn pink as opposed to normal red) when hemoglobin falls to 100 g/l and below. More severe anemias lead to blanching of the oral mucosa, nail bed, and skin folds.

Chronic fatigue

muscle weakness

cold intolerance

The first complaint at a doctor's appointment may be a rapid freezing of the fingertips ( legs and arms), nose, ears. In these areas, blood circulation is the slowest, which is why they freeze faster even in a healthy person. In patients with anemia, oxygen is supplied there very little. If they stay in the cold for a long time, they have an increased risk of frostbite of varying severity.

Sleep disorders

cheilite

Dyspnea

Heart disorders

In general, all of the above symptoms are combined into the concept of "anemic hypoxia". It means precisely the insufficient supply of various tissues with oxygen against the background of low hemoglobin. The severity of the manifestations of this condition directly depends on the severity of anemia. Lower hemoglobin causes more severe symptoms.

However, in many patients with mild anemia, there may be no symptoms of the disease at all. Patients with anemia sometimes live for years without knowing they have any health problems. Reduced hemoglobin is detected by chance during a preventive blood donation or an analysis for another disease. This is because the body has many mechanisms to compensate for anemia. While they work normally, the disease may be asymptomatic. The body's potential to compensate for anemia varies from person to person. Because of this, some people feel almost no discomfort at hemoglobin levels even below 80 g / l ( the norm is 120 - 140 g / l for women and 130 - 160 g / l for men). At the same time, the state of others is seriously affected by the decrease in this indicator already to 100-110 g/l.

In addition to the above symptoms, some patients may have other complaints. Most often, these are manifestations of the underlying disease, which caused anemia. These symptoms are not a direct consequence of low hemoglobin, but are often observed in patients with this problem. Such symptoms can be different, depending on the underlying disease itself. For example, with B12 deficiency anemia, local loss of skin sensitivity is sometimes observed, with hemolytic anemia, the skin may acquire a yellowish tint, and with iron deficiency, patients sometimes suffer from bedwetting. Such symptoms are more valuable in terms of diagnosis. The fact is that the symptoms common to all anemias have low specificity. The same dizziness, weakness or pallor of the skin are very often found in other diseases that have nothing to do with the work of the hematopoietic system and the level of hemoglobin.

Possible Causes of Low Hemoglobin

In general, a decrease in the level of hemoglobin in the blood can occur as follows:

• Blood dilution. In this case, we are talking about a relative drop in the level of hemoglobins, which was already mentioned above. Direct production ( synthesis) hemoglobin in the red bone marrow is not affected by the disease.
• Direct blood loss. One of the most common causes of anemia is bleeding. They can be sharp massive) and chronic ( prolonged loss of blood in small amounts). Red blood cells containing hemoglobin are also lost in the blood. Its concentration in the blood decreases.
• Impaired heme formation. Heme is part of the hemoglobin molecule, which consists of porphyrins and ferrous ion. It is this part that is responsible for the accession and transport of oxygen in the body. Heme ceases to be synthesized with insufficient intake of iron.
• Violation of the synthesis of porphyrins. In this case, heme formation is disrupted due to the absence of porphyrins. The level of iron intake may be normal.
• Disruption of globin synthesis. In addition to heme, the hemoglobin molecule contains a protein part, which is represented by polypeptide chains. Violations of its synthesis are usually associated with genetic pathologies or with a pronounced lack of proteins in the body.
• Violation of DNA synthesis. For the synthesis of DNA molecules in the production of red blood cells, a prerequisite is the presence of a number of substances. The most important of these are vitamin B12 and folic acid. Their insufficient intake or insufficient absorption from food also leads to the development of anemia.
• RBC destruction. Under certain conditions or under the influence of certain substances, red blood cells can be destroyed directly in the vascular bed. This process is called hemolysis. With it, the number of red blood cells in the blood falls, and hemoglobin is released into the blood. Since it can only perform its blood-carrying functions inside red blood cells, the patient develops symptoms and signs of anemia.
• Dysregulation of hematopoiesis ( hematopoiesis) . There are a number of substances in the body that stimulate blood formation. With a lack of these substances, the synthesis of hemoglobin and red blood cells slows down, which leads to the development of anemia. An example of such a substance is erythropoietin. This hormone is produced in the kidneys and directly stimulates the formation and maturation of red blood cells in the red bone marrow. In people with various kidney diseases, erythropoietin may not be produced, which will cause problems with the level of red blood cells and hemoglobin.

A low hemoglobin level can occur with the following diseases and pathological conditions:

• deficiency of certain substances in the diet;
• chronic infectious diseases;
• bone marrow tumors;
• acute poisoning;
• diseases of the gastrointestinal tract ( gastrointestinal tract);

Deficiency of certain substances in the body

As a rule, if the cause of anemia lies in malnutrition, then the hemoglobin level is not greatly reduced ( not less than 70 g / l, and more often - more than 90 g / l). However, the deficiency of certain substances creates a chronic problem. Because of this, hemoglobin falls gradually, the body gets used to it and manages to start all compensatory mechanisms. Thus, patients may not have any symptoms or complaints for a long time.

The most common nutritional problems are:

• lack of iron;
• lack of vitamin B12;
• lack of folic acid;
• lack of proteins.

In advanced cases, it is not enough just to change the diet by increasing the intake of a certain substance. Reserves in the body are restored slowly. Therefore, in addition to a special diet, the patient is often prescribed a course of treatment with appropriate drugs.

chronic infectious diseases

Reduced hemoglobin can occur with the following infectious diseases:

• severe angina;

Bleeding

The second variant of bleeding is more common. We are talking about short recurring episodes of blood loss over a long period of time. In this case, the volume of fluid usually manages to be compensated normally by the body, but the formation of hemoglobin and red blood cells takes a little longer. Because of this, anemia occurs and when appropriate tests are performed, the hemoglobin level will be lowered.

Causes of frequent recurrent bleeding can be:

• heavy menstruation in girls against the background of gynecological diseases;
• single or multiple polyps ( uterus, cervix, intestines and other hollow organs);
• bleeding disorders ( hemophilia, etc.);
• chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract;
• prolonged postoperative bleeding;
• malignant neoplasms.

Bone marrow tumors

Anemia that occurs against the background of bone marrow damage is characterized by a relatively rapid drop in hemoglobin levels and the patient's severe condition. It is very difficult to raise hemoglobin in these cases. Sometimes the only effective treatment is repeated blood transfusions or even a bone marrow transplant. In general, the prognosis depends directly on the type and extent of damage to cellular structures.

Acute poisoning

The most common poisons that destroy red blood cells are:

• aniline dyes;
• hydrogen sulfide and its compounds;
• arsenic;
• lead;
• some snake venoms cobra);
• benzene.

kidney disease

Low hemoglobin can be observed in the following diseases:

• acute and chronic glomerulonephritis;
• autoimmune lesions of the kidney tissue;
• kidney damage as part of systemic infections.

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

The following diseases can reduce the level of hemoglobin in the blood by malabsorption in the intestine:

• chronic colitis;
• chronic gastritis ( in the acute stage);
• a number of diseases of the liver and pancreas;
• cirrhosis of the liver;
• neoplasms of the small intestine.

Autoimmune hemolytic anemias

Typically, such anemia is characterized by a strong decrease in the level of red blood cells and hemoglobin. Without suppression of the immune system, it is not possible to carry out adequate treatment, since more and more portions of antibodies are thrown into the blood. To fully restore the level of hemoglobin, complex therapy with the use of various pharmacological preparations is required.

Thus, low hemoglobin can be caused by a wide range of different diseases and disorders in the body. In this case, effective treatment is possible only after establishing the root cause of the disease. Just a blood transfusion or a diet high in iron and other trace elements rarely provide long-term stabilization of the situation.

How to raise hemoglobin if the cause of low hemoglobin is a lack of iron?

With low hemoglobin levels ( 100 or less) drug treatment is prescribed without fail, regardless of whether the patient complies with the necessary diet. Iron preparations are used to restore hemoglobin levels ( salts, oxides and other chemical compounds rich in this element). In these medicines, iron is presented in the most well-absorbed form. If from food ( even at the highest concentration of iron in it) is absorbed no more than 2.5 mg / day, then when taking special iron preparations, it is absorbed 10-15 times more. The course of treatment lasts, as a rule, at least several weeks. The main criterion for evaluating the effectiveness are the normal results of laboratory tests.

Preparations for the medical treatment of iron deficiency anemia

How to raise hemoglobin if the cause of low hemoglobin is a lack of vitamin B12?

Thus, it is not easy to raise hemoglobin with a lack of vitamin B12. To do this, it is necessary to conduct a series of tests and find out what the body really lacks - the vitamin itself in food or the Castle factor. In the first case, it is recommended to follow a diet with the use of foods containing vitamin B12. Often this can eliminate the problem without taking medication. More serious treatment is prescribed in case of severe anemia, when the patient has obvious symptoms of low hemoglobin.

With moderate anemia, as mentioned above, treatment at home is possible. Then you should adhere to the daily intake of vitamin B12 and adapt the diet to the needs of the body. In childhood, this is 0.4 - 1.2 μg of vitamin per day ( for children up to 8 years old). For adults, the norm is 2.4 micrograms per day, and for pregnant and lactating women, it increases to 2.6 - 2.8 micrograms.

Drug treatment is prescribed in cases where the patient suffers from a serious decrease in hemoglobin levels, and the diet cannot help restore it quickly. The drug of choice is cyanocobalamin. It is administered as an injection ( in injections) subcutaneously or intramuscularly. During the first week, high doses are prescribed - 200 - 400 mcg / day. Then the dose is gradually reduced to one injection per week ( 400 mg) and continue such treatment until the normalization of laboratory parameters ( restoration of hemoglobin levels). Allergic reactions can be treated with drugs that suppress the immune system ( prednisolone), or switching to an analogue of cyanocobalamin - hydroxycobalamin. The latter has a weaker therapeutic effect, so the dose is calculated individually by the attending physician. Patients with disorders of the formation of internal factor of Castle are shown periodic courses of injections of vitamin B12 throughout their lives. In this case, it enters the body bypassing the stomach, and its activation is not required.

It is believed that the norm for the use of folic acid is 50 - 200 mcg / day. In this case, the minimum dose is indicated for infants at 1 year of age, and the maximum for an adult. This volume of folic acid is consumed by various body tissues. A significant part goes to the synthesis of red blood cells and the normal production of hemoglobin. In some situations, folic acid begins to be consumed faster, which increases the risk of anemia. The risk group includes patients with various neoplasms, some inflammatory diseases, children in a period of rapid growth, as well as pregnant and lactating women. In these cases, the intake of folic acid increases by 50-100 micrograms.

With a slight decrease in hemoglobin in the blood against the background of a lack of folic acid, it is recommended to pay attention to the diet. This substance is found in products of both plant and animal origin, so it will not be difficult to follow a diet.

For a prophylactic course, doses should be reduced to 0.1 - 0.4 mg / day. The maximum prophylactic dose is recommended during pregnancy. In general, the calculation of the dose and the duration of the course of treatment is determined by the attending physician after making a diagnosis and conducting all the necessary tests. The problem is that the dose is too high. more than what the body needs in a particular situation) inhibits the absorption of folic acid from the intestine. Then there is "satiation" and further treatment will not have the desired effect.

How to raise hemoglobin if the cause of low hemoglobin is protein deficiency?

Patients with anemia due to protein deficiency are usually in serious condition. Even if hemoglobin is not so low, symptoms from other organs and systems are possible ( not only hematopoietic). Therefore, patients are recommended to be hospitalized for the speedy recovery of protein levels. All patients, regardless of severity, must adhere to a special diet.

The diet is focused on foods rich in protein. It should be borne in mind that different products contain different proteins. For example, the chemical composition of fish is different from that of meat proteins. Therefore, food should be varied ( do not eat only 1 - 2 foods that have the highest protein content). Then the body will receive all the necessary set of amino acids, and the hemoglobin level will recover faster. Protein intake rates may vary. For an adult, on average, 75 - 85 g of protein per day is needed. Larger amounts may be needed during pregnancy or certain chronic conditions. It is impossible to accurately establish the norms in this case, since the body itself assimilates the required amount of amino acids, depending on various conditions and factors.

An alternative to a protein diet can be the intake of dietary supplements containing amino acids. Their prophylactic course can contribute to the rapid synthesis of new proteins in the body ( including hemoglobin).

Other ways to increase hemoglobin

Contraindications for blood transfusion may include:

• clotting disorders ( hemocoagulation);

There are also a number of criteria by which a doctor can navigate in order to understand whether a patient needs a blood transfusion. A drop in the hemoglobin level below 70 g/l, accompanied by a general loss of blood ( the volume of circulating blood is reduced by more than 30%). Another indicator is a hematocrit of less than 25%. In rare cases, the indication is the absence of other methods of treatment. For example, in some chronic diseases, blood transfusions are carried out regularly, despite the existing risk.

How to increase hemoglobin folk remedies?

Traditional medicine mainly uses special dietary products, as well as infusions and decoctions rich in vitamin B12, folic acid and iron. Plants that contain a wide range of other micronutrients are also used ( zinc, magnesium, vitamins of other groups). All this creates favorable conditions for the production of hemoglobin.

The most common folk remedies that can help increase hemoglobin are:

• Carrots with sour cream. Daily consumption of carrots in the morning with sour cream or vegetable oil stimulates the production of hemoglobin and red blood cells in the red bone marrow. It is recommended to eat 100 - 150 g of carrots ( can be grated) at a time.
• potato juice. Raw potato juice also stimulates blood formation in the body. It is squeezed out and filtered through clean gauze or a bandage folded several times. After that, the juice is drunk half a cup before meals 2-3 times a day. For a tangible result, the course of treatment should be at least 2 to 3 weeks.
• Nettle decoction. For cooking, the tops of the young shoots of the plant are taken. For 1 liter of water, you need a glass of nettles. They are thrown into boiling water and boiled for 3-5 minutes. After that, the greens are filtered, and the broth is cooled and drunk 1-2 cups a day.
• Infusion of walnuts. Young walnuts crushed ( can be in a blender or meat grinder) and topped with vodka. For 1 glass of nuts, there is approximately 0.5 liters of vodka. They are insisted in a dark place for a week, stirring occasionally. After that, the infusion is filtered and stored in the refrigerator. The infusion is consumed 1 tablespoon once a day. If desired, you can seize with honey.
• Rowan tincture. Freshly picked ripe fruits of mountain ash are poured with boiling water and infused for 1 - 2 hours. For 1 cup of boiling water, you need 2 teaspoons of fruit. Sugar can be added to the tincture to taste. It is taken 2 - 3 times a day for half a cup.
• Infusion of meadow clover. Flower heads are separated from freshly picked meadow clover and poured with boiling water. For 10 flower heads, 200 ml of water is needed. Infusion lasts at least 45 minutes. After that, the infusion is filtered and consumed 2 tablespoons 3-4 times a day.
• Yarrow infusion. For 60 g of dry grass ( collection can be purchased at the pharmacy) you need 200 - 250 ml of boiling water. The mixture is infused for 60 - 90 minutes and consumed 1 teaspoon 2 - 3 times a day.

In parallel with these traditional medicine recipes, attention is paid to the diet. It must necessarily include meat, fresh fruits and vegetables. It is also recommended to eat beef or chicken liver more often ( preferably boiled, not fried), as it contains a large amount of substances necessary for hematopoiesis. Freshly squeezed juices are recommended for drinks. Pomegranate, beetroot and carrot juice have the greatest benefit for low hemoglobin.

All of the above remedies have limited potential for the treatment of anemia. The fact is that they restore only the intake of all the substances necessary for the synthesis of hemoglobin. However, the intestinal mucosa itself can absorb only a certain amount of iron, vitamin B12 and folic acid. Therefore, the course of treatment with these drugs can be long ( weeks, months), and increasing the above dose will not bring a more pronounced effect. Moreover, when the dose is exceeded and some drugs are consumed in large quantities, some side effects may appear. The most common are diarrhea, constipation, flatulence, exacerbation of gastritis or stomach ulcers.

In a number of patients, the level of hemoglobin during the course of treatment may not only not increase, but even fall even more. This indicates problems with the absorption of nutrients in the intestines or diseases of the bone marrow. Then anemia is not associated with a deficiency in the diet of iron or other substances. To increase hemoglobin, such patients should undergo an additional course of examination, during which the true cause of the disease will be established. Treatment with traditional medicine will not have the desired effect.

Symptoms such as dizziness, pallor, chronic fatigue, and sleep disturbances should be a signal to see a doctor. Patients with a hemoglobin level of less than 100 g / l should immediately begin a course of treatment with medications due to the threat of various complications. The use of traditional medicine is possible as an adjuvant therapy, but then it must be agreed with the attending physician.

How to increase hemoglobin during pregnancy?

Based on this, the best way to increase hemoglobin during pregnancy is to increase the intake of substances necessary for hematopoiesis. Even with a normal level of hemoglobin during pregnancy and feeding, expectant mothers are prescribed prophylactic intake of folic acid, vitamin B12, and iron. If we are talking about pathology, and the woman already has signs of anemia, it is urgent to be examined by a specialist. The fact is that a progressive drop in hemoglobin is dangerous, first of all, for a growing fetus.

The Body's Requirements for Essential Nutrients During Pregnancy

For preventive purposes, for increased intake of iron and other nutrients in the body, you can use the following foods:

• red meat;
• freshly squeezed fruit juices carrots, pomegranate, etc.);
• spinach;
• seafood;
• liver ( beef, chicken, pork);
• nuts;
• wholemeal bread;
• porridge.

If a woman has a decrease in hemoglobin during pregnancy, a drug course of treatment is usually prescribed. One diet in this case will not correct the situation, because the ability of the intestinal mucosa to absorb, for example, iron from food is limited. Fortunately, these days there is a wide selection of drugs approved for use during pregnancy or breastfeeding.

For the treatment of anemia of varying severity in pregnant women, the following drugs can be used:

• With B12 deficiency anemia during pregnancy, treatment with cyanocobalamin ( standard for this disease) can be carried out only with the permission of the attending physician and in small doses. This drug may be contraindicated during pregnancy.
• With folic acid deficiency treatment begins with doses of this substance at 0.1 - 0.8 mg / day and increase as needed. Even with a normal hemoglobin level, it is recommended to start maintenance treatment at a dose of 0.1 mg / day and continue it during breastfeeding at 60 mcg / day.

The most common iron preparations in medical practice are:

• tardiferon;
• maltofer;
• sorbifer;
• ferroplex;
• ferrum-lek.

Also, the cause of low hemoglobin can be chronic diseases exacerbated by pregnancy. In these cases, the intake of large amounts of nutrients through food or in the form of special preparations may not be effective. Directed medical treatment will be required to correct the problem. That is why it is strongly recommended when the hemoglobin level drops below 120 g / l ( lower limit of normal for women) undergo a preventive consultation with a doctor to make an accurate diagnosis.

How to increase hemoglobin in oncology?

In oncological diseases, the following mechanisms for lowering hemoglobin are possible:

• Blood loss. In malignant neoplasms, the so-called endophytic tumor growth takes place. This means that dividing cells not only increase in number, but are also capable of destroying nearby tissues. In the later stages, such a tumor can damage the wall of the blood vessel, which often leads to massive bleeding. Red blood cells and the hemoglobin they contain also leave the body with blood. After bleeding stops, patients experience anemia of varying severity. If the hemoglobin level has decreased precisely after bleeding, then attention should be paid to the sufficient intake of all the substances necessary to make up for losses with food. With a severe drop in hemoglobin levels ( below 70 g/l) the patient should be urgently hospitalized. You may need not only an additional course of drug treatment, but also an emergency blood transfusion. The problem is that the malignant growth of the tumor leads to repeated bleeding. Because of this, it is very difficult to fight anemia. Radiation therapy or chemotherapy can slow down the growth of the neoplasm. However, these methods alone cannot be applied in the case of very low hemoglobin.
• Increased need for nutrients. The essence of any oncological disease is that in the human body there is an increased division of certain cells. Such intensive growth requires an appropriate supply of nutrients. Because of this, the body gradually depletes the reserves of folic acid, vitamin B12, iron and other trace elements necessary for the synthesis of hemoglobin. It is noteworthy that this mechanism for the development of anemia is characteristic not only for malignant neoplasms, but also for benign ones, if they grow rapidly. Most often, to increase hemoglobin in this case, you should follow a diet that will replenish depleted reserves. If possible, the tumor is also removed or its growth is slowed down. Hemoglobin levels usually recover within a few weeks.
• Oncological diseases of the bone marrow. Cancer can also develop in the bone marrow. This disrupts the normal division of progenitor cells. These are entire generations of immature cells that have not yet turned into red blood cells or other blood cells. The problem in this case is that the very process of hemoglobin and red blood cell synthesis is disrupted. Patients often have very severe anemia that cannot be corrected by any diet or medication. The body simply cannot turn the substances that have entered into it into the final product - hemoglobin. An effective treatment is radiotherapy or chemotherapy. However, the ultimate success depends on the type of disease and its stage.
• Oncological diseases of the kidneys. In kidney tumors, another mechanism for the development of anemia may be involved. It is associated with insufficient production of erythropoietin. This hormone is produced by the kidneys and stimulates the division of red blood cells and the formation of hemoglobin. In patients with kidney tumors, anemia usually develops gradually. To eliminate it, the use of synthetic analogues of erythropoietin is required. The most common of these are Epobiocrin, Eprex, Epostim. The choice of the drug and the determination of the required dose is made by the attending physician after a special analysis.
• Suppression of hematopoiesis ( blood cell formation) . Many cancer patients undergo aggressive treatments. As a rule, it is chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Both of these methods can seriously affect hematopoiesis ( process of blood cell formation). The division of progenitor cells is disrupted, and the level of the corresponding cells in the blood falls. The problem in this case is not the oncological disease itself, but the side effect of its treatment. Unfortunately, for many patients, such courses of treatment are the only chance to overcome the disease. Therefore, a diet with a high content of substances necessary for hematopoiesis is recommended. Iron, folic acid, vitamin B12 preparations are also prescribed. This allows to some extent to compensate for low hemoglobin and complete the main course of treatment. With irreversible damage to the bone marrow, which are determined by puncture, it is possible to transplant it. This method of treatment has many of its own indications and contraindications, so it is not used in all cases.

The most valuable products for raising hemoglobin levels are:

• red meat. Beef and other red meats contain a significant amount of substances necessary for the formation of red blood cells. 100 g of the product contains up to 4 mg of iron, 3 µg of vitamin B12, 24 g of protein.
• Liver. The liver belongs to meat offal, but its value is due to the fact that it accumulates a large amount of useful substances that are contained in ordinary meat in smaller quantities. For 100 g of boiled liver, there are approximately 5-15 mg of iron, 15-60 µg of vitamin B12, 200-250 µg of folic acid, 18-20 g of protein.
• Fresh fruits and vegetables. From vegetables and fruits, freshly squeezed juices of carrots, beets, and pomegranates should be distinguished. They contain a large number of various trace elements. In addition, asparagus and other greens are very high in folic acid ( up to 250 mcg per 100 g of product). As a source of protein, legumes are the most useful ( beans, soybeans, peas).
• Seafood. Fish and other seafood are characterized by a variety of different micronutrients, including those that cannot be obtained from meat or plant foods. Marine fish proteins contain a unique set of amino acids that are also needed by the body.
• nuts. Nuts are an important source of a wide variety of substances. For anemia, peanuts can serve as a source of protein ( up to 25 g per 100 g of product). He is also the champion in the content of folic acid - up to 250 mcg per 100 g.

How to increase hemoglobin in diabetes?

In this case, such a common remedy as a diet rich in iron, folic acid and vitamin B12 does not have the desired effect. Treatment is based on two main postulates. First, you need to lower your blood sugar levels to normal levels. The patient must understand that every hour lived with an elevated glucose level leads to the death of still unaffected areas of the renal tissue. Thus, knocking down sugar by introducing insulin ( or its analogues, which are usually used by the patient), the progression of the disease can be prevented.

The second important component of treatment is a course of erythropoietin. Like most other hormones, it has been artificially synthesized and is now available in a variety of pharmaceutical forms.

Erythropoietin-based drugs

How to increase hemoglobin in children?

The body's need for essential nutrients at different ages

With a decrease in the level of hemoglobin, you should definitely see a doctor to determine the cause of anemia and prescribe treatment. As a rule, a significant decrease in hemoglobin cannot be compensated by a diet rich in certain substances alone. It also requires additional use of special drugs that will make up for their deficiency in the body. To understand if a child has anemia, you need to know how hemoglobin levels change with age.

Age-related changes in the level of hemoglobin and erythrocytes

If the hemoglobin level is lower than the lower limit for the specified age, then treatment requires determining the cause of the disease. In case of deficiency of any substances in the diet, they are administered in the form of medicines. For each of the causes of anemia, their own groups of drugs are prescribed.

Treatment of the main causes of low hemoglobin

It should be remembered that low hemoglobin levels are not always associated with malnutrition. Sometimes anemia is a consequence or complication of other diseases ( worm infestations, chronic infections, etc.). In newborns, they may be due to a congenital lack of enzymes. Since in this case the diagnosis is made for the first time in life, one cannot neglect such a symptom as a decrease in hemoglobin levels. It is necessary to consult a specialist as soon as possible and exclude more serious diseases, even if the symptoms of anemia itself have not yet appeared, and nothing bothers the child. This can prevent serious complications in the future.

How to increase hemoglobin in a nursing mother?

In this regard, all lactating women are advised to adhere to a special diet for preventive purposes. This also applies to those who do not suffer from low hemoglobin. You should focus on the increased needs of the body for nutrients. If hemoglobin, according to the results of the tests, is at a normal level, then prophylaxis can only be carried out with a special diet, without resorting to additional drugs or dietary supplements.

The body's need for various nutrients

If a decrease in hemoglobin is found in a nursing woman, the doses should be increased even more. It is believed that their replenishment with food is almost impossible, since this exceeds the absorption capacity of the intestinal mucosa. Therefore, additional drugs are prescribed to treat anemia during feeding. They contain iron and other substances in a form available to the body, which makes it easier to absorb. In acute or chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract ( gastritis, gastric ulcer, colitis, etc.) it is possible to introduce these substances in the form of injections. Then they enter directly into the bloodstream, bypassing the intestinal mucosa. Similar treatment tactics are recommended for other chronic inflammatory diseases ( dermatitis, psoriasis, rheumatism, etc.). In this case, the problem is that in addition to the formation of milk and hemoglobin, the body is forced to repair damaged tissues, which also consumes nutrients. The rate of their consumption is increasing even more.

Based on the foregoing, it can be concluded that the final therapeutic dose can only be calculated by the attending physician, who is familiar with the patient's medical history. Before prescribing treatment, special laboratory tests should be carried out, which will show exactly which substance is lacking in the body.

To replenish iron stores in a nursing woman, the following drugs can be used:

• Tardyferon. Usually prescribed 1 - 2 tablets per day, depending on how low the hemoglobin level is. The course of treatment lasts at least 3 months.
• Aktiferrin. 1 capsule 1-2 times a day until hemoglobin level normalizes.
• Sorbifer. The prophylactic dose during lactation is 1 tablet per day, and the therapeutic ( in the presence of anemia) - 2 tablets.

If the cause of low hemoglobin is a deficiency of vitamin B12 or folic acid, appropriate drugs are prescribed in the form of tablets or injections. The preferred form of administration and dose is determined by the attending physician, depending on the specific diagnosis.

Regardless of the course of drug treatment, foods rich in the above substances should be included in the diet. This will enhance the healing effect and speed up recovery. In food, these substances are contained in a slightly different form, and therefore complement the treatment.

With low hemoglobin in nursing mothers, the following foods should be preferred:

• Chicken and beef liver. They are a kind of depot in the body of animals, where iron, folic acid and vitamin B12 are stored. Preference should be given to boiled liver, not fried.
• Chicken meat and beef. They also contain large amounts of iron and vitamin B12. Pork in this case is not prohibited ( it is also rich in these substances), but you should still eat lean meats rather. Excess animal fats can affect the taste of milk, and the child will eat less.
• Seafood. Rich in iron and other trace elements. Preference is given to low-fat varieties of fish. The exceptions are crustaceans and mackerel, as they can provoke allergies. They are excluded from the diet.
• Vegetables and fruits. From vegetables and fruits, the body can get a small amount of folic acid and iron. Citrus fruits should be avoided it increases the risk of allergies) and plants that cause increased gas formation ( beans, pears, etc.).
• Bread with bran. If, when eating such bread, the mother and child do not experience flatulence ( increased gas formation), then it is preferred over white and black bread. Bran contains a significant amount of vitamins that stimulate the bone marrow.

Does hematogen increase hemoglobin?

From a medical point of view, hematogen is a stimulant of hematopoiesis ( hematopoiesis), since its use enhances metabolic processes in the red bone marrow and increases the production of blood cells. Hemoglobin that enters the body is not absorbed directly in the intestine. Like any other food, it is exposed to digestive enzymes and broken down into its constituent parts ( carbohydrates into monosaccharides, fats into fatty acids, proteins into amino acids). All these components are individually absorbed into the blood, transformed in the liver and enter the red bone marrow, where they are used for the synthesis of hemoglobin and red blood cells.

The therapeutic effect of hematogen in anemia is due to the high content of the following substances:

• Squirrels. All proteins are made up of specific amino acids. In bovine erythrocytes, from which hematogen is made, the amino acid composition of proteins is very close to that of a human. Due to this, protein components are easily digested and absorbed. 100 g of hematogen contains about 6 g of animal proteins.
• Fats. Animal fats contained in the hematogen, as well as proteins, are very similar in chemical composition to fats in the human body. Because of this, they are of great nutritional value overall. The fat content in the hematogen is approximately 3 g per 100 g of the product. However, fats do not play a direct role in stimulating the work of the bone marrow.
• Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are the main source of energy in the human body. Their share in the hematogen is approximately 75% by weight. Like fats, they do not take part in the synthesis of hemoglobin.
• Iron. This microelement is the most important part of the hematogen. Its content can vary widely, but always remains higher than in any other food. Such a high value is due to the fact that hemoglobin itself contains a large amount of iron. And since the main component in the manufacture of hematogen is bovine erythrocytes, the proportion of iron in it is very high.
• Other vitamins and trace elements. The hematogen also contains a number of fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins that stimulate the bone marrow. Compared to other products, the content of minerals and other trace elements is increased. In this case, it is difficult to indicate their exact concentration, since it varies greatly depending on which flavors were used in the preparation.

However, with the independent use of hematogen, one should be careful. The fact is that anemia can be caused not only by iron deficiency, but also by a number of congenital problems or diseases of a different nature. Then the excess iron supplied with the hematogen will not benefit the body. On the contrary, side effects such as nausea or diarrhea may occur.

Based on this, the ideal option for low hemoglobin is the delivery of specific tests. This will determine if there is a deficiency in the body of iron or some other substance that can be replenished by the use of hematogen. The results of the tests should be evaluated by the attending physician ( preferably a hematologist), which will give a final conclusion about the benefits of hematogen for a particular patient. People who do not suffer from anemia, the periodic use of hematogen is not prohibited. On the contrary, it will be regarded as the prevention of low hemoglobin levels. But do not focus only on the use of hematogen. A number of substances that also play an important role in hematopoiesis are found in fresh vegetables and fruits, seafood, and meat. Well, alcohol, for example, on the contrary, inhibits the production of red blood cells. Therefore, the hematogen in anemia is undoubtedly useful, but rather as a component of a balanced diet.

Does pomegranate increase hemoglobin levels?

The fact is that pomegranate contains only a part of the necessary for hematopoiesis ( hematopoiesis) minerals and vitamins. For example, it does not contain vitamin B12, which can be found mainly in animal products. Therefore, in patients with B12-deficiency anemia, its use will not help raise hemoglobin.

Nutritional value of pomegranate fruit

Thus, pomegranate may help raise hemoglobin only in a certain group of patients with low hemoglobin. First of all, these are people with iron deficiency anemia, whose hemoglobin level is not lower than 100 g / l. In this case, the symptoms of the disease are usually mild, and sometimes absent altogether. Iron deficiency in the body is considered moderate and can be corrected through diet. True, such non-drug treatment will last at least several months until the hemoglobin level stabilizes. Pomegranates and pomegranate juice in this case will be only part of the diet. In addition to them, you should also eat red meat, fish, nuts and other foods rich in various vitamins and minerals. Similarly, hemoglobin levels can be raised after bleeding injuries, heavy periods, or other episodes of blood loss. But if the hemoglobin level drops below 100 g/l, it is still necessary to consult a doctor and supplement the diet with a special course of treatment.

Pomegranates and pomegranate juice will not help restore hemoglobin in the following cases:

• anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency- since this substance is almost not contained in pomegranates;
• anemia due to protein deficiency- since the pomegranate does not contain protein in sufficient quantities;
• oncological diseases of the hematopoietic system- since they affect the tissues themselves, which normally produce red blood cells and hemoglobin;
• birth defects of enzymes- since the process of hemoglobin synthesis in the red bone marrow is disrupted;
• anemia after surgery on the gastrointestinal tract (gastrointestinal tract) - since the absorption of nutrients in the intestine will be impaired;
• anemia due to chronic diseases- in this case, grenades raise hemoglobin, but without specific treatment of the underlying disease, this measure will be temporary.

How to quickly increase the level of hemoglobin in the blood? Products that increase hemoglobin

It is possible to determine changes in its composition in a timely manner, make a diagnosis in a timely manner and begin correcting violations. This fully applies to oncological diseases. An important indicator for the diagnosis of cancer is hemoglobin, this indicator indicates the course of the disease and helps to assess the effectiveness of the disease treatment.

Hemoglobin is a special protein in red blood cells that is responsible for transporting oxygen to all tissues from the lungs, as well as carbon dioxide in the opposite direction.

How to diagnose diseases with the help of hemoglobin level?

If the hemoglobin level falls below 90-100 g/l, dizziness, accelerated fatigue, brittle hair, pale skin and bruising begin to be felt even after a slight impact.

If the hemoglobin level continues to decrease further, there is chest pain, shortness of breath, and an increase in heart rate. These are manifestations of respiratory and heart failure, impaired immunity, and disorders in the functioning of the nervous system, which can additionally be observed in the form of apathy or irritability.

To confirm the fact of damage to the bone marrow, a trepanobiopsy should be performed to select material and conduct a biological study.

How to normalize the level of hemoglobin?

Hemoglobin in cancer can be increased both by medication and by adjusting the diet.

In medicine, hemoglobin is increased, for example, by transfusion of red blood cells, that is, by introducing "ready" hemoglobin into the circulatory system. For the same purpose, erythropoietin is also administered, which enhances the production of hemoglobin and erythrocytes, stimulating the bone marrow.

Tablets and solutions containing iron preparations are also used.

To maintain the required level of hemoglobin, cancer patients also need to eat right. Before the second stage of the disease, rational nutrition can have a decisive impact on the course of the disease, but in the second or fourth stage, medical methods are no longer enough.

Particular attention should be paid to foods that are rich in iron. These include, for example, corn, liver, spinach, peas, peanuts, as well as wheat oatmeal, buckwheat and barley porridge. There should be a lot of foods containing vitamins C and B12, in particular, greens, black currants, red sweet peppers, decoctions, rosehip infusions, apple-carrot and pomegranate juices, dried fruit compotes. Such fortified drinks should be drunk up to two liters a day. Get used to eating sprouted wheat with a sprout length of two millimeters. It is crushed and mixed with dried fruits, nuts, honey, and consumed for breakfast.

Every day, up to thirty grams of iron should enter the human body with food, and if the hemoglobin level is too low, then this amount of iron will need to be increased. A lot of iron in meat, beef tongue, veal, fish and seafood.