Preventive vaccinations - meaning, list, plan and technique. Vaccination calendar for children in Russia: schedule by age, voluntariness, what threatens to refuse Conditions and procedures for vaccinations

Tuberculosis, diphtheria, tetanus, poliomyelitis, rubella, hepatitis B, measles, whooping cough, mumps (mumps) - all these diseases are included in the preventive vaccination schedule for children in almost all CIS countries, due to the fact that they are considered the most life-threatening and health of children in these territories. However, the vaccination calendar in Ukraine and Russia is somewhat different, in particular, vaccinations by age, and their vaccination schedule for children.

The questions why children's vaccinations are needed at all, and especially vaccinations for children under one year old, are probably the most discussed and controversial. However, according to health care, they help protect the baby, timely vaccinations for children create artificial immunity to the disease in the body, which can protect the child both from the disease itself and from its complications and negative consequences. In addition, childhood vaccinations are able to stop the epidemic of the disease and even prevent the onset of epidemics.

. Vaccinations for children under one year old: important rules

It is important to clearly and fully comply with the terms, rules and schedule of vaccinations for children. Firstly, you cannot vaccinate a child who currently has health problems or is recovering from an illness. The vaccination schedule for children in such cases is shifted, which should be consulted with a doctor.

Secondly, after vaccination, the child may well lead the most ordinary life, however, he needs to be monitored: parents should monitor the general condition, temperature, so that it does not rise, the manifestation of other ailments. If they appear, you should go to the hospital.

Timing, vaccination schemes, preventive vaccination schedule for children are clearly spelled out. The schedule of vaccinations for children is compiled taking into account age, health status, the risk of morbidity, as well as the formation of immunity in the child to a particular disease. For example, the emergence of immunity to measles occurs in a child after the first vaccination by age, but in order to form protection against polio, it is necessary to repeat these childhood vaccinations for three months in a row, you also need to vaccinate against diphtheria three times, according to the vaccination schedule DPT.

. What vaccinations are given to children under one year old?

The very first vaccination is carried out immediately after the baby is born, during the first 24 hours of his life, and also after birth after 3-6 days. In the maternity hospital, newborns are given two vaccines at once: BCG vaccination against tuberculosis and hepatitis B vaccination for newborns. As for the BCG vaccination for newborns, it is done in a pen, slightly above the elbow bend. From hepatitis B, they carry out as many as 3 vaccinations for children up to a year old: the first one is still in the maternity hospital, the other two - after being discharged home, the second one - at the age of three months, the third one - six months after the birth of the baby.

Vaccinations for children under one year old against tetanus, whooping cough, polio, diphtheria (the DPT vaccination schedule includes three vaccinations against diphtheria) are carried out at the age of three months. Vaccinations for children up to a year against rubella, measles and mumps - at 12 months.

. IMCCINATION CALENDAR IN RF

We offer you a vaccination calendar in the Russian Federation, which contains a schedule of vaccinations for children and a list of vaccines that are used in these cases. We hope that they will help protect your baby from possible diseases, and he will grow up strong and healthy to the delight of his parents.

. Table: vaccination calendar in the Russian Federation

. Important notes on the vaccination schedule for children in the Russian Federation

Immunization in accordance with the National Immunization Schedule in the Russian Federation is carried out with foreign and domestic vaccines approved and registered for use in Russia.

Vaccinations against viral hepatitis B for children under one year old are recommended to be done using vaccines that do not contain a preservative (thiomersal).

In case of violation of the timing of the start of vaccination, vaccinations for children are given according to the schemes provided for in the vaccination schedule for children, taking into account pharmaceutical instructions for the use of vaccines.

If children under one year of age are not vaccinated in a timely manner, or adolescents and adults who have not previously been vaccinated against hepatitis B, immunization is carried out according to the following scheme 0-1-6 (the first dose is administered at the beginning of vaccination, a month after this first vaccination, children receive the second dose, six months after the first vaccination - the third dose).

The national calendar of preventive vaccinations of the Russian Federation allows vaccination with a monthly interval between vaccinations or simultaneously, but with different syringes and in different parts of the body (except for BCG, BCG-M vaccinations).

Immunization of children born to mothers with HIV infection is carried out according to an individual schedule in accordance with the instructions of pharmacists for the use of vaccines and toxoids, according to the National Immunization Schedule in the Russian Federation. Vaccinations for children are done taking into account the type of vaccine (live, inactivated), age, the presence of immunodeficiency in the child, the presence of concomitant diseases.

Vaccination for HIV-infected children and those born to HIV-infected mothers is carried out with recombinant vaccines, inactivated vaccines (toxoids), without taking into account the stage of the disease and the number of CD4+ lymphocytes. The use of live vaccines in an immunocompromised child is contraindicated.

. IMMUNICATION CALENDAR FOR CHILDREN: UKRAINE

The vaccination schedule in Ukraine in 2011 has changed in several significant ways. The following changes have been made to the new vaccination calendar in Ukraine:

1. BCG vaccines. Canceled vaccination at 14 years old.
2. MMR vaccines. The mumps booster for boys at 15 years old and the rubella booster shot for girls, also at 15 years old, were cancelled.

The new vaccination schedule for children in Ukraine, unlike the previous vaccination schedule for children, provides for vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae. This vaccination has long been present in all vaccination schedules in the EU and Europe.

Vaccination against whooping cough is carried out according to the DPT vaccination schedule, using the AaDPT acelular vaccine. Also following the example of Europe, since the acelial vaccine avoids negative post-vaccination reactions in a child.

Re-vaccination at the age of 15 against mumps in boys, as well as rubella in girls, was cancelled.

. Vaccination calendar in Ukraine: vaccinations by age

Yana Lagidna, especially for the site

And a little more about vaccinations by age:

Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated March 21, 2014 No. 252n

"On the approval of the national calendar of preventive vaccinations and the calendar of preventive vaccinations according to epidemic indications «

"National Immunization Schedule"

In the first year of life, a child is vaccinated against at least 11 infections. But in order for the immune system to effectively cope with dangerous viruses and bacteria, vaccination is continued throughout life. We tell you what vaccinations are given to children and adolescents from one year to 18 years.

OLGA MOKSHINA

What vaccinations are needed

All necessary vaccinations at this age can be divided into two groups: included and not included in the national calendar.

Included in the national calendar

The first group is defined by an official document of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation - National calendar. These are vaccinations for:

pneumococcal infection,

diphtheria,

tetanus,

poliomyelitis,

measles, rubella and mumps,

They are legally required for all children up to a year old, they can be done free of charge at the clinic. From the age of one to 18 years they need repeat according to the diagram below. The only thing you need to get vaccinated against is the flu every year.

Not included in the national calendar

The second group of vaccinations protects the child from:

meningococcal infection,

hepatitis A,

chickenpox,

tick-borne encephalitis,

human papilloma virus.

In many countries, these vaccines are included in national calendars. In the US, for example, all children are vaccinated against chickenpox, hepatitis A, several types of meningococcal infections, and human papillomavirus.

In Russia, vaccines against most of these infections are included in the preventive vaccination calendar according to epidemic indications. This means that the state will make them if an outbreak of infection is recorded in the region or, for example, if the child is at risk.

So, vaccinations against tick-borne encephalitis, hepatitis A and certain types of meningococcal infection will be given to your child free of charge if an outbreak of the disease has been recorded in your area. The list of territories is annually approved by Rospotrebnadzor. You can clarify the information on the website of the department of Rospotrebnadzor of your region.

The varicella vaccine is given free of charge to children at risk (for example, those who are being treated with immunosuppressants for serious illnesses). But from 2020 it will become mandatory for all Russian children.

For residents of Moscow, there is good news - in the capital's clinics, under the MHI policy, vaccinations will be given free of charge:

from chickenpox - for children who are 12 months old before entering the kindergarten,

from hepatitis A - for children 3-6 years old attending a kindergarten,

from the human papillomavirus to girls 12-13 years old.

If you want to protect your child from these infections, but do not fall under special indications, they can be done at your own expense.

To figure out when to go to the clinic, use our table. It contains both free vaccinations and paid ones.

From what infections paid vaccinations protect and why it is important to do them - we tell below.

Meningococcal infection: Men ACWY

Why graft. The infection causes severe complications: inflammation of the membranes of the brain and spinal cord, blood poisoning. According to WHO, 10% of patients die within the first two days after the onset of symptoms, even if doctors do everything possible to save them. There are at least 12 types of meningococcus called "serogroups". But most meningococcal diseases are caused by serogroups A, B, C, W, and Y.

In Russia, a child can be vaccinated against serogroups A, C, W, and Y. The vaccine against meningococcal serogroup B appeared in the world in 2014. In Russia, it has not yet been registered, although in 2016, meningococcus serogroup B was found in half of the patients who were analyzed. Therefore, some responsible parents specifically vaccinate their children while traveling abroad - this phenomenon is called "vaccination tourism". So, the author of the blog "On vaccinations without tantrums" Elena Savinova vaccinated her son against serogroup B meningococcus in Spain and the Czech Republic.

How to graft. Basically, diseases caused by meningococcal infection occur in children under 5 years of age. Therefore, it is better to vaccinate a child as early as possible - without waiting until he is one year old.

The Menveo vaccine has been vaccinated since two months.

• Children between the ages of 2 and 6 months should receive four vaccinations. The intervals between the first three are at least two months. The fourth vaccination is given at 12-16 months.
• Children from 7 to 23 months of Menveo are administered twice. Moreover, the second vaccination is done in the second year of life, two months after the first.
• Children over two years of age only need one shot.

The Menactra vaccine is vaccinated according to the following schemes.

• Children aged 9-23 months - twice. The interval between injections is at least three months.
• Children over 2 years of age are given one injection.
• For teens over 15 years of age, it is best to renew the vaccine if there is an outbreak of meningococcal disease in your area and the last time they were vaccinated was 4 years or more ago.

Vaccine "Mentsevax" vaccinate children aged 2-5 years. The vaccine is renewed every two or three years.

How do children cope. The most common reactions to ACWY meningococcal vaccines are insomnia, loss of appetite, irritability, drowsiness, fatigue, pain, and redness at the injection site. They occur in 1 in 10 to 1 in 100 children, depending on the vaccine.

Chickenpox: Varicella vaccine

Why graft. According to WHO, chickenpox, in simple terms - chickenpox, affects almost every unvaccinated person. An itchy rash appears on the skin, the temperature rises. For most, the disease resolves within a week without consequences. But serious complications can develop: inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue, pneumonia, encephalitis, meningitis. Heavier chickenpox occurs in newborns and people with weak immunity.

An additional argument in favor of vaccination: chickenpox can "return" to an ill person in adulthood. After recovery, the virus remains in the nerve cells and sometimes causes shingles. In this case, a painful rash appears on the body. Usually lichen appears in people over 50 years of age and those who have a weak immune system.

How to graft. In Russia, only one varicella vaccine is registered - Varilrix. The first vaccination is scheduled for a year, the second - after at least six weeks.

If you did not vaccinate your child, but someone got sick in the kindergarten or school, you can get an emergency vaccination. The main thing is to go to the hospital in the first four days after contact. And better - in the first three. An emergency vaccination is done once.

How do children cope. The most common side effects are pain and redness at the injection site. They occur in about one in ten children. A few children out of a hundred develop a rash that does not look like chickenpox, a fever, or swelling at the injection site after the vaccine.

Hepatitis A: HepA

Why graft. Hepatitis A is a liver disease caused by a virus. It is transmitted through food and water contaminated with the feces of an infected person. A person with hepatitis A has a fever, loss of appetite, dark urine, diarrhea, vomiting, and yellow skin. In children younger than six years of age, hepatitis A usually does not show up at all, and only 10% develop jaundice. In older children, jaundice occurs in 70% of cases.

Hepatitis A does not lead to chronic liver disease, but it can impair health. Extremely rarely, acute liver failure develops, which quickly leads to death. There is no drug that specifically kills the hepatitis A virus. A person recovers on his own, but for a long time - from several weeks to several months.

How to graft. 5 vaccines against hepatitis A are registered in Russia: Avaxim, Vakta, Havriks, ALGAVAK M, Hep-A-in-VAK. According to the WHO, foreign-made drugs - Avaxim, Vakta, Havriks - are identical in effectiveness. "Hep-A-in-VAK" vaccinate children older than three years. All the rest can be used for children from the age of one.

Vaccinate twice. The second vaccination is given 6-18 months after the first. The exact timing depends on the brand of vaccine.

How do children cope. The most common reactions to hepatitis A vaccines are pain or redness at the injection site, fever, and loss of appetite.

In Russia in 2017, 5 people fell ill with hepatitis A for every 100 thousand of the population: this is one and a half times more often than in 2016. Every 5 sick person is a child under 14 years old. The most disadvantaged regions for hepatitis A are the Udmurt Republic, Perm Territory, Penza, Novgorod, Ivanovo, Irkutsk, Arkhangelsk, Kaluga, Novosibirsk, Kaliningrad, Kostroma and Samara regions, Moscow and St. Petersburg. There, the all-Russian incidence rate is exceeded by at least one and a half times.

Human papillomavirus: HPV

Why graft. The human papillomavirus is the most common viral sexual infection, according to WHO. It can lead to cancer of the cervix, anus, vulva, vagina, or penis.

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women. Half of those who get sick die. According to the WHO, 99% of cervical cancer cases are caused by the human papillomavirus.

Many varieties of the virus are known. But most often, types 16 and 18 cause cancer - they account for 70% of all cases of cervical cancer.

How to graft. Two human papillomavirus vaccines are available in Russia: Gardasil and Cervarix. Both protect against virus types 16 and 18, "Gardasil" - additionally from types 6 and 11, which provoke genital warts. There is a Gardasil-9 vaccine abroad, which protects against nine types of viruses, but it has not yet been registered in Russia.

Adolescents receive two vaccinations starting at age 9. The second - six months after the first. If a teenager is 15 years old, they are vaccinated three times. The second vaccination is carried out in 1-2 months, the third - in six months. It is advisable to get vaccinated against HPV before the onset of sexual activity.

How do children cope. The most common adverse reactions after vaccination with Gardasil are redness and pain at the injection site. They occur in one child out of ten. Several children out of a hundred also have pain in the arms and legs, fever, itching, hematoma.

After vaccination with Cervarix, about one in ten children experience a headache, muscle pain, fatigue, pain and redness at the injection site. Several children out of a hundred have nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, pain in the abdomen, itching, urticaria, temperature above 38 ° C, joint pain.

Tick-borne encephalitis: TBE

Why graft. Tick-borne encephalitis is a viral disease transmitted through tick bites and unpasteurized dairy products. Between 20% and 30% of people who contract tick-borne encephalitis experience confusion, sensory disturbances, and deadly swelling of the brain or spinal cord. One in a hundred people who get sick dies.

In the regions of Russia, where encephalitis is common, the state pays for the vaccination. The list of territories is annually approved by Rospotrebnadzor.

If there are no free vaccinations in your city, but you are often in nature, get vaccinated at your own expense. Both foreign and domestic vaccines against tick-borne encephalitis for children are presented in Russia: "Encepur for children" (Austria), "FSME-IMMUN Junior" (Germany), "EnceVir Neo for children" (Russia), "Tick-borne encephalitis vaccine culture purified concentrated inactivated dry" (Russia), "Kleshch-E-Vak" (Russia). The first four of them are recognized by WHO as safe and effective.

How to graft. Most vaccines are approved for use in children from the age of one. Usually the first vaccination is done in winter, before the start of the tick season. Vaccinate three times. The interval between the first and second vaccinations is several months. The third dose is usually given one year later. Vaccinations are recommended to be renewed every three to five years, depending on the manufacturer's recommendations.

Most vaccines can be used emergency. Then the interval between the first and second vaccinations is reduced to a few weeks. This method is suitable if, for example, you need to travel with your child to a region where there is a high incidence of tick-borne encephalitis.

How do children cope. The most common reactions to tick-borne encephalitis vaccines are redness, swelling, and pain at the injection site. They happen in about 1 in 10 children.

How to hold your baby during vaccination

Doctors recommend that parents hold their baby in a special way while the nurse administers the vaccine.

If the vaccine is given in the thigh (usually for children under 3):

1. Sit or lay the baby sideways on your lap.

2. Wrap your arm around him so that both of his arms are locked in yours.

3. Use your free hand to hold the child close to you.

4. Fix the child's legs between your thighs.

If the vaccine is given in the upper arm (usually for children older than 3 years):

1. Sit the child on your lap or sit and place him close to you with his back to you.

2. Wrap your arms around him tightly from behind to keep his arms in one position.

3. Fix the child's legs between your thighs.

Vaccinations are a way to prevent infectious diseases that have serious consequences. A vaccine triggers a response that builds immunity against a specific disease.

Vaccination is planned or according to epidemiological indications. The latter is carried out in cases of outbreaks of dangerous diseases in a certain region. But most often people are faced with the planned conduct of preventive vaccinations. They are carried out according to a specific schedule.

Some vaccinations are mandatory for everyone. These include BCG, COC, DPT. Others are carried out exclusively for those who have an increased risk of contracting a disease, for example, at work. It could be typhus, plague.

The vaccination schedule is designed taking into account many factors. Specialists have provided different schemes for the administration of drugs, the possibility of their combination. The national calendar is valid throughout the country. It may be revised in the light of any new data.

In Russia, the national calendar includes all necessary vaccinations for all ages.

There are also regional calendars. For example, residents of Western Siberia are additionally injected because this infection is common there.

On the territory of Ukraine, the vaccination schedule is somewhat different.

The procedure for conducting preventive vaccinations

In order to administer a vaccine to a child or adult, a number of conditions must be met. The organization and conduct of preventive vaccinations is regulated by regulatory documents. The procedure can be carried out exclusively in polyclinics or specialized private medical institutions. In an institution for such manipulations, a separate vaccination room should be allocated, which must also meet certain requirements:

• it should contain: a refrigerator, sterile instruments, a changing table, a table, a medicine cabinet, a disinfectant solution;
• all used material and tools should be placed in a container with a disinfectant solution;
• availability of drugs for antishock therapy is mandatory;
• it is necessary to keep instructions for all drugs;
• The office should be cleaned twice a day.

It is also important that vaccination against tuberculosis (BCG) should be carried out either in a separate room, or only on certain days.

Before manipulation, the patient must pass the necessary tests and undergo an examination by a doctor. During the appointment, the doctor is interested in the state of health at the moment, clarifies the presence of reactions to previous vaccinations. Based on this information, the doctor issues a permit for the procedure.

The patient can be manipulated if contraindications to preventive vaccinations are identified. They can be permanent or temporary.

The former are not common and are most often a strong reaction to previous vaccinations.

Childhood vaccinations ... How much controversy they cause among parents! How many fears about how the baby will tolerate vaccination!

At what age, and what vaccinations the child needs, the table of children's vaccinations will help to understand.

Is vaccination voluntary?

To vaccinate a child or not to vaccinate is the business of every parent. There is no administrative or criminal liability for refusing to vaccinate.

Rumors

Why do parents refuse vaccinations? Often, because of the fear of how vaccination will affect the health of the baby. After all, vaccination is nothing more than the introduction into the body of a healthy person of weakened or dead infectious agents, from which the vaccine is intended. Sometimes the vaccine consists of artificially synthesized proteins that are completely identical to the proteins of the live pathogen. From this arose the view of vaccination as the injection of "poison". There are also rumors spreading panic among parents that children die or become disabled from vaccinations.

Reality

In reality, the vaccine is designed to induce immunity to viruses and diseases: the vaccine enters the body, and the immune system begins to produce antibodies. And when a person encounters a real virus in life, the disease does not occur at all or proceeds in a very mild form. Naturally, after vaccination, the child may have a temperature or be lethargic: when the immune system adapts, everything will return to normal.

In favor of vaccinations is already the fact that in countries with a good level of medicine, where vaccination is massive, outbreaks of epidemics that claimed thousands of lives a hundred years ago are no longer there! Suffice it to recall how much of the population was exterminated by smallpox, but since 1982, vaccination against it in our country has ended, since the disease has been completely defeated.

The benefits and harms of vaccinations must be adequately assessed by parents before signing consent or waiver.

What vaccinations are there?

Vaccination is planned and according to epidemic indications. Scheduled vaccinations are mandatory vaccinations prescribed in the vaccination calendar. There are single vaccinations, and there are those that are carried out at intervals, multiple.

Revaccination is the introduction of a vaccine to maintain immunity from a disease.

According to epidemic indications, mass vaccination is carried out independently for both children (some of them from a certain age) and adults if an epidemic outbreak is observed in the region, for example, influenza, tick-borne encephalitis, anthrax, Q fever, plague, etc.

Mandatory vaccinations by age

In Russia, vaccinations are given to the population in accordance with the vaccination schedule. This is a document that is approved by the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation and determines the timing and types of vaccinations.

Routine vaccinations are free. What vaccinations by months / years are given to children?

in the maternity hospital

Each mother in the first hours after childbirth signs a consent or refusal to vaccinate a newborn against hepatitis B.

Why is hepatitis B dangerous? It causes disturbances in the liver, which can lead to cirrhosis or cancer. The virus is transmitted through the blood and other fluids of the human body. You should not refuse vaccination if the mother is a carrier of the virus. Vaccination is done according to the scheme: 0-1-6 months, or 0-3-6 months. Children at risk according to the scheme 0:1:2:12 months.

Children's vaccinations from birth include vaccination against tuberculosis, it is done for 3-7 days. Everyone knows how dangerous tuberculosis is and how many lives it has claimed. Vaccination against tuberculosis is done according to the scheme: 0 months. - 7 years - 14 years (according to indications).

In the first year of life

For the first 12 months, the baby is vaccinated more than 10 times. Some vaccines are combined, and several vaccinations are given with one injection, such as DPT - against tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough. Some vaccinations are given on the same day, such as DPT and polio.

At 3 and 4.5 months, children receive the DTP vaccine and against polio. What do these vaccines protect against?

Tetanus It is caused by bacteria that thrive in the intestines of humans and animals and may be present in faeces. Therefore, you can become infected through soil contaminated with them. Tetanus is transmitted through damaged body tissues and even through the umbilical cord, which has been cut with a non-sterile scalpel. Tetanus affects the human nervous system and can lead to death.

Diphtheria manifests itself as an inflammation of the upper respiratory tract and can cause respiratory arrest.

Whooping cough manifests itself in the strongest attacks of coughing, and also causes severe consequences such as pneumonia, bronchitis, pleurisy. Coughing with whooping cough can cause bleeding in the brain.

Polio- a disease of the nervous system, can cause paralysis, affect muscles, paralyze the diaphragm, which is dangerous by stopping breathing. Vaccination against this disease causes a lot of controversy. It is believed that unvaccinated children very rarely get polio, and the vaccine administered can cause a mild and moderate form of this disease.

Mumps- a disease known as mumps. When it occurs, the defeat of the glands (salivary, pancreas, seminal). In a complicated course, the disease can turn into meningitis, encephalitis; deafness, infertility (more often male) may develop.

Measles, a disease that occupies a leading position in mortality, poses a danger to the baby already in the prenatal period if an unvaccinated mother falls ill. Pneumonia, otitis media, deafness, blindness, mental retardation - such complications are brought by measles to sick children.

Rubella in young children it is relatively easy, but complications in the form of encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) are known. An unvaccinated woman who becomes ill with rubella during pregnancy may lose her baby altogether, or give birth to a child with CNS disorders, heart disease, blindness or deafness.

Since 2014, the vaccination schedule in Russia has been replenished with vaccination against pneumococcus (an infection that causes meningitis, pneumonia, otitis media, etc.). In addition, children at risk for hemophilia (blood incoagulability) are vaccinated against this disease according to the scheme for 3-4.5-6 months.

Vaccinations after a year

In the second year of life, visits to the vaccination room will become less frequent. So, at the age of one and a half, the child is expected to receive DTP revaccination and the first revaccination against polio, and at 20 months. - repeated revaccination against poliomyelitis.

If you doubt the quality of the vaccine offered by the clinic, purchase the vaccine yourself at the pharmacy! As a rule, both the conditions of transportation and the method of storage are strictly observed there. Ask for a “snowball” (package with cooling material) for the vaccine in order to bring the vaccine without violating the temperature regime. You cannot be denied access to your treatment room to receive your vaccine.

Child goes to kindergarten

In a kindergarten, as a rule, they require a certificate of vaccination. They demand exclusively from everyone to prove that you have decided to refuse all vaccinations and this does not contradict the laws, sometimes it becomes difficult. However, children who have not received vaccinations have the right to attend all educational institutions!

Special vaccinations for kindergarten are not given, but if they are checked and a lack of them is found, the child can be vaccinated unscheduled. At the age of 6, a planned revaccination against rubella, measles and mumps is suitable.

You can optionally vaccinate your child against rotavirus and chickenpox. The rotavirus vaccine is free in some areas. She will save the baby from the "disease of dirty hands", which preschoolers often suffer from. The chickenpox vaccine costs from 1,500 rubles, but it will protect the baby from chickenpox, which still kills one person for every million cases!

You need to be prepared for the fact that every year the child will be tested for the Mantoux reaction - this is the best way to detect tuberculosis in time.

Vaccinations for schoolchildren

At the age of 7 years, the child is given a revaccination against tuberculosis, and a 3rd revaccination against tetanus and diphtheria.

14-year-olds are given a second revaccination against tuberculosis (BCG) and a third one against tetanus, poliomyelitis and diphtheria.

Sometimes a human papillomavirus vaccine may be recommended. Be careful! Although it is claimed that the vaccine will protect girls from uterine cancer, research on the vaccine is not completed. There is an opinion (not supported by science) that vaccination leads to infertility.

Related video: Children's vaccinations Pros and cons

Table of calendar vaccinations for children

epidemic indications

If an unfavorable epidemiological situation (virus outbreak) is detected or upon contact with an infection carrier (for example, when bitten by a dog), vaccination is done according to epidemic indications.

Influenza vaccination should be carried out in advance, in the summer-autumn period. When a flu outbreak has already begun, the injection will not save you from infection.

Outside Russia

If you are going on vacation to another country, you need to be prepared that the child will have to be vaccinated. Many countries have specific vaccination requirements for those entering and leaving. So, what vaccinations do you need when traveling to other countries?

When traveling to Africa and South America, it is recommended to get vaccinated against yellow fever. Yellow fever is transmitted by mosquito bites, with mortality occurring in more than half of cases. It is also worth getting vaccinated against typhoid and hepatitis A.

Travelers to Asian countries need to take care of vaccination against Japanese encephalitis, which is caused by a mosquito bite. When the disease occurs, brain damage occurs.

You can enter many European countries only with confirmation of vaccination against cholera, plague and rabies. Why are these diseases dangerous? Cholera manifests itself as diarrhea, dehydration, wrinkled skin and loss of its elasticity, blue lips and ears. Left untreated, cholera is fatal in most cases. Plague patients (most often from rodent bites or contact with a sick person) without treatment taken at the earliest stage of the disease die within 48 hours (depending on the type of disease).

Contraindications to vaccination

If the child had an allergic reaction to a previous vaccination, vaccination of this type is excluded. Children with immunodeficiency are completely exempted from vaccinations with live vaccines.

Medical withdrawal (shift according to the schedule) from vaccinations is given to children:

• during the period of acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections;
• premature;
• after surgery or blood transfusion;
• if you feel unwell (fever, diarrhea, vomiting, lethargy).

Before vaccination, the pediatrician should examine the child, ideally - take tests. But besides the mother, no one can accurately assess the well-being of the baby, so do not hesitate to refuse a routine vaccination if you notice that something is wrong with the child.