What to do if the heart beats very fast. Strong heartbeat - why the pulse rises and how to calm the heart

Video: Pain in the heart, what to do and how to help, prevent - Dr. Komarovsky

A fairly common occurrence today is heart palpitations. Adults, young people and even children face it. An increase in heart rate in medicine is called tachycardia. It can occur after an emotional outburst, after physical exertion, sports.

This phenomenon is quite normal for a healthy person, since the body reacts to the load with an increase in heart rate.

Pathological. Increased heart rate can occur in a state of complete emotional rest and lack of physical activity. Such tachycardia, as a symptom, may indicate the following diseases of the vascular system: heart disease, myocarditis, heart attack, cardiosclerosis, etc., as well as be the cause of anemia, infectious diseases, as well as temporary acute conditions of the body, such as blood loss, for example .

First aid for palpitations for physiological reasons:

The patient needs to take a very deep breath and then hold the breath, then exhale slowly. Such breathing exercises must be done for five to ten minutes;

Normalizes the heartbeat pressure on the eyeballs. You need to press hard, the duration is about 10 seconds;

Washing with cold water will significantly reduce the pulse. You can take a cool shower, or put a cold compress on the heart area;

If there is valocordin, corvalol or tricardin in the medicine cabinet, you can use one of the above drugs in accordance with your weight and age. Adults are recommended to use up to 25 drops of the drug;

The sooner first aid is provided with a rapid heartbeat, the faster the patient's heartbeat will return to normal. The further state of human health may depend on the timeliness of assistance. If the pulse rate exceeds 120 beats per minute, you need to urgently call an ambulance.

With pathological tachycardia, the following symptoms can be traced:

Interruptions and tremors in the work of the heart;

Video: Why does the heart beat. From BRAIN TV.

loss of consciousness, chest pain;

severe dizziness;

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Darkening in the eyes;

High heart rate that does not stabilize within 5 to 10 minutes.

Of course, it is always easier to prevent the occurrence of a disease than to treat it after it. Therefore, in order to avoid the occurrence of tachycardia, you should adhere to a healthy lifestyle. This can be helped by daily walks in the fresh air using therapeutic walking, which should not be fast, the main condition is to maintain a certain pace. If the state of health allows, it is not bad to run in the morning, exercise. If possible, you can go to the gym.

You also need to follow a proper diet. You should not overeat, and it is also better to exclude from the diet foods that contain cholesterol, as well as other harmful substances, such as a wide variety of preservatives, stabilizers and flavors. It is not recommended to eat a lot of fried, smoked, salty and fatty foods. You should also not drink large amounts of coffee and tea. It is necessary to eat more fruits and vegetables, as well as cereal grains, cereals are rich in fiber, they affect good digestion, and also help cleanse the body of toxins. Honey, dried apricots, as well as rosehip infusion have a positive effect on the work of the heart muscle.

You should definitely give up smoking and alcohol abuse. These bad habits directly affect the work of not only the cardiovascular system. They can increase blood pressure, because they interfere with the normal supply of oxygen to the body, due to which the blood is saturated with toxic substances that negatively affect the work of all body systems.

It will not be superfluous to monitor the level of your pressure daily. If the pressure is normal, then the heart will work without failures. Frequent increase in pressure can also speak of various heart diseases. The pressure is measured with a tonometer. You should have a tonometer at home if tachycardia attacks are also noticed, moreover, this is far from an expensive device. Together with the pressure, it is also necessary to count the pulse and keep the dynamics of its changes. In addition, when you know exactly why your blood pressure rises or increases, it will be easy for you to avoid situations that cause such discomfort.

To keep yourself in good shape, you should regularly undergo a check-up with a therapist for preventive purposes. This should be done at least once a year, and it is better to carry out a preventive examination twice a year. The doctor will be able to assess the state of health based on the results of laboratory tests and give further guidance on how to improve it. Listening to the work of your heart, as well as monitoring the state of his health, you can ensure good health for many years.

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If the heart beats strongly, it indicates that something has happened. If the reason for this is fear, physical tension and the heartbeat returns to normal after the cessation of these factors, then the strong heartbeat was physiological. But such changes can sometimes be pathological in nature, they can also indicate cardio diseases. Such conditions are called, and almost everyone faces it, especially for people whose age is approaching 50 years.

The heart literally jumps out of the chest when lifting not very heavy loads, walking fast. Such people have to take a lot of pills in order to normalize the work of the heart. People with a healthy heart do not feel the contraction of the heart, but if there are any problems with the heart, then the change in rhythm is very noticeable. The normal heart rate is 60-80 beats per minute, while sleeping and at rest, 50 beats per minute is normal, and physical activity increases the rate to 130-160 beats per minute.

If the heart beats strongly - the reasons

Fear and excitement able to cause, since adrenaline is released in the body, which makes the heart work in a fast mode. This condition is not dangerous, and the heart calms down immediately after the irritating factor has ceased to act. If the excitement or fear does not go away for a long time, then you can resort to taking sedatives, various tinctures that have a calming effect.

Some medications have side effects that make the heart beat faster. The reason for this may be an overdose of the drug, its uncontrolled intake or incompatibility with other drugs. If you notice a rapid heartbeat after taking certain drugs, you should stop taking them and tell your doctor about it. I would like to focus on the fact that such side effects can have not only cardiac medications.

Sometimes a situation arises when a sufficient amount of oxygen does not enter the heart to ensure its normal functioning. This leads to the fact that the heart, which lacks oxygen and is unable to contract fully, begins to beat strongly. Such a state cannot occur in an “empty” place, usually this is preceded by infectious diseases or some other diseases.

Cardiophobia is a condition when the heartbeat quickens for a short period of time (10-50 seconds). At the same time, a person is seized by a feeling of fear, excitement for his heart. Such people are afraid that something can happen to their cardiovascular system, that is, they are afraid of cardio diseases. And seeing that heart medications (nitroglycerin, validol) do not help, they begin to wind themselves up that they are sick with some kind of terrible, incurable disease. Usually, doctors do not detect any pathologies or problems during the most detailed examination, and cardiophobes begin to search even more stubbornly for their disease.

In young men, the syndrome of hyperkinesia of the heart is sometimes observed, the causes of this syndrome have not yet been studied to date. It is manifested by a rapid heartbeat, but no prerequisites for heart disease are observed.

Arrhythmia is one of the most common causes of a strong heartbeat.

Arrhythmia can be triggered by high blood pressure or, and diseases of other organs can also provoke it. It is impossible to exclude from the risk group and people who suffer from diabetes are overweight. Arrhythmia can also be accompanied by premenstrual syndrome in women.

There are several types of arrhythmia - sinus, extrasystole and atrial fibrillation.

Tachycardia in literal translation from Greek sounds like "fast heart". In medicine, tachycardia is considered to be a violation of the heartbeat, which exceeds 100 beats per minute. The source of a strong heartbeat may be located above the ventricle, or in the wall of the lower chamber of the ventricle. The impetus for development can be an emotional experience, strong physical exertion, and the heart rate reaches 125-150 beats per minute. If such attacks are rare, and there are no other cardiac diseases, then there is no cause for concern. The heart will return to normal after the person calms down. But paroxysmal tachycardia occurs suddenly, at rest, the heart begins to beat strongly at a speed of 200 beats per minute. Valocardin, validol can calm the heart. If the medicines do not help, then you need to go to the hospital.

With heart disease and the presence of bad habits, such a heartbeat is often observed: a strong push suddenly appears, after which the heart stops. This is a sign. It requires treatment of the underlying disease and quitting smoking and other bad habits. Atrial fibrillation is characterized by lack of air, chest pain, strong heartbeat, weakness. If the patient's condition does not improve, then you should consult a doctor.

Our heart is a unique pump created by nature itself. Its main task is to pump blood around the body. But why the heart beats is still a mystery to scientists. Experiments with an ordinary chicken egg show that the future heart membranes of the embryo are reduced even before they have formed into a heart muscle. Also, biologists have long established that if you cut the heart into several parts and place them in a favorable environment, each will continue to work - shrink.

How the heart works

An electrical impulse is generated, due to which the muscle contraction occurs. This impulse is supplied by the sinus node, which is located in the upper part of the right atrium. The electrical current crosses both atria and is directed to the ventricles. The heart sections contract in waves, first drawing blood into the heart, and then pushing it out. If a person is healthy, the frequency of such contractions will be 60-80 beats per minute, while it pushes out about 100 cubic centimeters of blood.

Relaxes our heart between beats, that is, with an interval of about one second. During the day, this time is almost 6 hours.

Why is the heart beating so hard

A high heart rate or, more simply, a frequent heartbeat for no apparent reason (for example, physical exertion) can become a prerequisite for a malfunction of our main vital organ, the pump. So why is the heart beating fast?

• The first reason is excitement or fear. Such a heartbeat is not dangerous, and it can be stopped with the help of proper breathing or sedative tinctures.
• The impact of medications. As a rule, palpitations can be one of the side effects of the medicine. To stop it, you just need to exclude one or another drug from the course of treatment.
• Addicted to caffeine. Foods and drinks containing caffeine contribute to the release of adrenaline into the blood and, as a result, the frequent supply of electrical impulses to our heart.
• Insufficient amount of oxygen in the blood. In this case, the heart cannot fully contract. As a rule, this occurs after the transfer of an illness, for example, influenza. A specialist should solve the problem of lack of oxygen in the blood.
• Neurosis of the heart or cardeophobia. The patient has a strong heartbeat occurs in attacks of 10-50 minutes. Attacks are accompanied by shortness of breath, increased blood pressure and a sense of fear.
• Enhanced thyroid function. In the case when our thyroid gland produces more hormones than necessary, the heart beats in an accelerated mode.
• Syndrome of hyperkinesis of the heart. This syndrome affects men, and young people. The reasons for its occurrence are not known. Hyperkinesis affects even those who had no prerequisites for the disease at all.
• Arrhythmia. There are several reasons for the disease. The first is the weakness of the heart muscle. In this case, the heartbeat is accompanied by pain in the chest, dizziness, shortness of breath and even fainting. The second cause of arrhythmia is atherosclerosis, when fats and cholesterol are deposited in the blood.
• Lack of calcium in the blood or tetany. Due to calcium deficiency, cramps occur in certain muscle groups of the human body. The heart is also hit.
• Low level of hemoglobin in the blood.

Despite the above reasons why the heart beats quickly, the body of any person is completely unique. For some, an increased heartbeat is a common thing. This is especially true for those whose professions are associated with stress. The body gradually adapts to situations and adjusts to a rapid heart rate. However, doctors recommend visiting a cardiologist's office at least once a year. After all, the sooner a disease is detected, the easier it is to treat.

From excitement, joy, fear or physical exertion. Sometimes it starts knocking after a cup of coffee or strong tea, taking certain medications, overeating, and other natural causes. Such a strong heartbeat is physiological and after exposure to a provoking factor, the pulse rates return to normal.

However, often a rapid pulse may indicate the presence of some kind of disease, and then such a symptom does not appear due to any physiological cause, and the resulting condition can be dangerous to health and life. In this case, the presence of tachycardia should always be a reason to see a doctor. In this article, we will introduce you to the main causes, manifestations, possible complications and ways to eliminate a strong heartbeat.

Palpitations can occur against the background of emotional stress

From the introduction of the article, it becomes clear that a strong heartbeat can be physiological or pathological. The reasons for the appearance of one or the other option are different.

The following factors can provoke the occurrence of physiological tachycardia:

• physical activity: weight lifting, physical work, sports or physical education;
• emotional stress: joy, fear, anxiety, irritation, excitement, fear, etc .;
• binge eating;
• environmental impact: heat, polluted air, lack of oxygen at altitude, ground-level ozone after a thunderstorm;
• drinking caffeinated drinks;
• allergic reactions;
• fever (for example, with influenza or SARS);
• hormonal changes at the beginning of pregnancy, early toxicosis or menopause.

As a rule, after the elimination of the provoking factor, the physiological tachycardia completely disappears and the general condition does not suffer in any way. If this does not happen, then a person should think about the need to consult a doctor and find out the reasons for the deterioration of well-being.

Pathological palpitations can be caused not only by problems with the heart or blood vessels, but also by diseases or pathological conditions of other organs and systems:

• exudative or adhesive;
• or ;
• vegetative-vascular dystonia;
• anemia;
• blood loss;
• dehydration;
• acute pain attacks (for example, colic);
• regular overload of the nervous system (chronic overwork, stress, lack of sleep, etc.);
• endocrine diseases (hyperthyroidism, myxedema, increased production of adrenaline in pheochromocytoma);
• obesity;
• poisoning;
• purulent infections;
• lack of calcium and magnesium;
• overdose of certain drugs, alcohol, drugs;
• mental disorders;
• tumors;
• severe and prolonged illness.

It is possible to identify the exact cause of a pathological strong heartbeat only with the help of complex diagnostics. The doctor carefully examines the pulse (its strength, frequency, filling, rhythm), listens to the patient's complaints and studies his anamnesis. To exclude pathologies of the heart and blood vessels, the patient is prescribed:

• (usual and daily);
• chest x-ray.

If pathologies of the heart or blood vessels are detected, the study can be supplemented by other diagnostic methods, and in the absence of such deviations, the patient is assigned consultations and additional examination by other specialized specialists (neurologist, endocrinologist, hematologist, etc.). In some cases, the patient is recommended to consult a psychotherapist to identify mental disorders.

Strong fetal heartbeat

When performing an ultrasound scan at the 5th week of pregnancy, the doctor may detect signs of tachycardia in the fetus. The number of heartbeats is an important indicator of the development of the unborn baby, and the appearance of such a symptom should always serve as a reason for further examination of the woman and the appointment of the necessary therapy and lifestyle correction.

A strong heartbeat in the fetus can be caused by the following reasons:

• intrauterine hypoxia;
• chromosomal abnormalities (trisomy 13, Patau syndrome);
• intrauterine infection;
• finding the expectant mother in a stuffy room;
• pathology of the respiratory or cardiovascular system in the mother;
• hyperthyroidism and other endocrine disorders in a pregnant woman;
• violations of water and electrolyte balance in toxicosis;
• unbalanced nutrition and hypovitaminosis in a pregnant woman;
• anemia in the fetus or mother.

Varieties of tachycardia

Depending on the source that generates electrical impulses in the heart, the following types of tachycardia are distinguished:

• sinus - a rapid heartbeat is provoked by an increase in the sinus node, which is the main source of electrical impulses;
• - palpitations are provoked by electrical impulse generators located in the atria or ventricles (i.e. outside the sinus node).

With sinus tachycardia, the heart rate can reach 120-220 beats per minute and is not accompanied by arrhythmias. Such episodes of changes in pulse rates can be caused by both physiological and pathological causes.

With paroxysmal tachycardia, seizures (paroxysms) occur. A strong heartbeat in such cases begins gradually and stops suddenly. The duration of such episodes can be from several minutes to several days, and they are always caused by pathological causes.

Manifestations of a strong heartbeat

Indicators of the normal heart rate of a person depend on age.

Normal heart rate in an adult:

• 15-50 years - 60-80 beats per minute;
• 50-60 years old - 64-84;
• 60-80 years - 69-89.

During pregnancy, an increase in the number of heartbeats by 10 beats from the age norm is physiological.

In children with age, the normal heart rate changes more often:

• up to 1 month of life - 110-170;
• from a month to 1 year - 102-162;
• 1-2 years - 94-154;
• 4-6 years old - 86-126;
• 6-8 years old - 78-118;
• 8-10 years old - 68-108;
• 10-12 years old - 60-100;
• 12-15 years old - 55-95.

Normally, physiological causes can cause an excess of heart rate by 3-3.5 times. An increase in the norm in the absence of physiological factors and a deterioration in general well-being is a reason to consult a doctor.

Symptoms when the normal heart rate changes

With a strong heartbeat, the following symptoms occur:

• pain or heaviness in the chest;
• fatigue;
• sleep disorders;
• loss of appetite;
• dizziness;
• feeling of lack of oxygen;
• dyspnea;
• redness or blanching of the face;
• blurred vision;
• pre-fainting states.

The severity of signs of tachycardia depends on the nature of the underlying disease, the duration and degree of deviation of the pulse from the norm.

In severe cases, a strong heartbeat can cause:

• attack, acute heart failure, stroke;
• fainting;
• cold extremities;
• decrease in the amount of urine excreted;
• convulsions;
• arterial hypotension;

What to look out for when experiencing heart palpitations

If a person has attacks of rapid and strong heartbeat, then he should fix his attention on the following manifestations of tachycardia:

• the frequency of occurrence of such a state;
• attack duration;
• the cause of tachycardia (stress, food, physical activity, no apparent cause);
• typical time of onset of seizures (time of day);
• accompanying symptoms;
• pulse rate and its rhythm;
• blood pressure readings during an attack.

What to do with a strong heartbeat

With physiological tachycardia, it is enough to ensure peace or stop the effect of the provoking factor (overheating, taking caffeinated drinks, etc.). Usually after 2-5 minutes, the heart rate returns to normal. If this does not happen, then it is urgent to call a doctor at home, and with a significant deterioration in well-being - an ambulance.

Before the arrival of doctors, the patient is provided with such emergency care:

1. Ensure complete rest (physical and psycho-emotional).
2. Remove clothing that restricts breathing.
3. Wash your face with cool water.
4. Give the patient water to drink. With strong nervous excitement, you can give a sedative to take. If the patient is already taking any medications, then give them to take.
5. Provide normal temperature conditions and fresh air supply.
6. In case of severe weakness, dizziness or nausea, lay the patient down (preferably on his side to prevent asphyxia with vomit).
7. Invite the patient to perform one of the following actions: take a deep breath, holding your breath for 10 seconds and straining, cough strongly, look sharply at the bridge of your nose and fix it for a few seconds, strain the muscles of the abdomen and limbs for 15-20 seconds.
8. Massage the eyeballs by pressing on the closed eyelids with your fingertips for 10 seconds. After 10 seconds, repeat the same action.
9. Perform acupressure on the fingers, pressing the tip of the little finger on the nail of the thumb. Then rub the backs of your wrists.
10. Carry out a neck massage in the area of ​​the branching of the carotid artery.

At high pressure, the patient can be given to take a tablet of anaprilin or another.

Treatment

Treatment of a strong heartbeat should be prescribed by a cardiologist and other specialized specialists. Its main goal is aimed at treating the underlying disease that causes tachycardia attacks. The decision on the need for hospitalization is made individually and depends on the patient's condition.

• limit or stop taking caffeinated drinks and products (tea, coffee, chocolate, energy drinks);
• stop taking alcohol, drugs and smoking;
• exclude spicy foods from the diet;
• get rid of excess weight;
• protect yourself from stress;
• limit physical activity and review the maximum allowable norms of physical activity;
• refuse to take certain medications or change the drug to the one recommended by the doctor.

For the treatment of tachycardia, the doctor may prescribe the following drugs:

• sedatives - based on medicinal herbs (motherwort, valerian, etc.), sedatives, tranquilizers or antipsychotics;
• antioxidants;
• thyreostatic drugs (for hyperthyroidism);
• calcium antagonists;

The choice of drugs for the treatment of severe palpitations, their dosage and duration of administration depends on the underlying disease. Their selection is carried out individually for each patient and depends on all clinical data.

In the daily diet of patients with pathological tachycardia, it is recommended to include the following products:

• dried apricots;
• rose hip;
• walnuts;
• citrus;
• fresh greens;
• black currant;
• raspberry;
• tomatoes;
• cucumbers;
• corn;
• cabbage;
• beet.

As an addition to the main treatment, the doctor may recommend taking various herbal remedies:

• infusion of lemon balm;
• infusion from the collection of lemon balm, yarrow and valerian roots;
• fruit extract or infusion of hawthorn flowers;
• infusion from the collection of mint, lemon balm and three-leaf watch;
• infusion of marigold flowers.

With paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia, patients require mandatory hospitalization and intravenous administration of antiarrhythmic drugs (Cordaron, Verapamil, etc.). After that, they are prescribed anti-relapse.

With the ineffectiveness of conservative treatment of sinus tachycardia and a significant deterioration in the patient's condition, transvenous RFA of the heart is recommended. This minimally invasive X-ray surgery is performed by inserting an endovascular catheter that cauterizes the areas of the heart with impaired conduction. Indications for such an operation are determined by a cardiac surgeon-arrhythmologist. In the absence of the expected effect, the patient may be prescribed implantation.

A strong heartbeat can be provoked both by purely physiological causes and by various diseases. Pathological tachycardia is always a reason to consult a doctor and treat the underlying ailment. Self-treatment of such conditions is unacceptable, since the selection of the necessary medicines can only be carried out by a doctor who takes into account all the data on the state of health. Sometimes, to eliminate attacks of a strong heartbeat, the patient is recommended to undergo radiofrequency ablation of the heart or the implantation of a pacemaker.

Video lecture on the topic "Increased heartbeat":

Palpitations - the feeling that the heart is beating too fast or beating hard - a reason to see a doctor.

is a patient's complaint of a subjective sensation of a rapid, arrhythmic, or heavy heartbeat. Normally, we do not notice the beating of our heart. But any deviation from the norm becomes immediately noticeable. Palpitations are usually described by patients as follows: the heart beats too hard (or "loudly") in the chest, the heart "jumps" out of the chest, pounding hard, "tugging", "turning" or "fluttering". An increased heartbeat may be accompanied by a feeling of throbbing in the neck, temples, epigastric region, or fingertips. Palpitations may also be accompanied by tinnitus, pain in the region of the heart, a feeling of tightness in the chest, or shortness of breath. Such symptoms may indicate a pathology of the heart, but in most cases, complaints of increased heartbeat with accompanying symptoms are not detected by instrumental studies of signs of heart damage.

Palpitations should be distinguished from tachycardia. Tachycardia is an objective increase in heart rate. The normal heart rate for an adult at rest is 60-80 beats per minute. If more than 90 beats per minute are recorded, then tachycardia is diagnosed. However, at the same time, the patient may not feel that his heartbeat is rapid.

Common causes of heart palpitations

Even a healthy person can feel an increased heartbeat. To the greatest extent this is characteristic of people with increased nervous sensitivity. The following can lead to heart palpitations:

• significant physical effort;
• fast rise to height;
• physical activity in a hot and stuffy environment (lack of oxygen leads to increased heart function);
• sharp mental stress (fright, excitement, etc.);
• the use of a large number of foods high in caffeine (coffee, tea, Coca-Cola);
• certain medications (in particular, cold remedies);
• digestive disorders (for example, flatulence, due to which the diaphragm is somewhat elevated).

Strong palpitations may be felt at high temperatures (patients with fever often feel palpitations).

Increased heart rate with high blood pressure

A rapid heartbeat is often accompanied by high blood pressure. In this case, the more often the heart contracts, the higher the pressure in the arteries. Dependence here is just that ... Therefore, it is wrong to consider high blood pressure as the cause of an increased heartbeat. Another thing is that an increase in pressure, accompanied by a general deterioration in well-being, can make you notice how hard your heart beats.

Heart palpitations and high blood pressure can be caused by the same reasons. In this case, therapeutic measures aimed at normalizing pressure will also contribute to the normalization of the heartbeat.

Increased heart rate with low blood pressure

An increased heart rate is quite possible with reduced pressure. A sharp decrease in pressure can be observed in shock conditions (anaphylactic, traumatic, infectious-toxic, psychogenic and other types of shock). The body responds by accelerating the contraction of the heart muscle to restore pressure. A similar compensatory nature of the increased heartbeat also occurs with large blood loss.

Rapid heart rate at normal pressure

However, increased heart rate can be felt regardless of pressure.

When is a heartbeat a reason to see a doctor?

A rapid heartbeat is a reason to see a doctor if it:

• too intense;
• is protracted (does not go away for a long time);
• occurs with less and less influence of the above factors;
• arises out of connection with the above factors;
• is uneven in nature (it can be assumed that arrhythmia is a violation of the heart rhythm).

In these cases, heart palpitations can be a manifestation of serious disorders and diseases, such as:

• avitaminosis;
• anemia (low hemoglobin and iron in the blood);
• tetany (a condition caused by a lack of calcium);
• endocrine diseases;
• cardiac pathologies.

However, as a rule, in the case of myocarditis, other heart diseases, as well as hyperfunction of the thyroid gland, an increased heartbeat is not the main complaint. With such diseases, first of all, they complain of pain in the region of the heart and shortness of breath.

It is necessary to respond promptly if dizziness, shortness of breath, blanching of the skin, sweating are observed against the background of an increased heartbeat. In this case, you should call an ambulance.

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Causes of palpitations

Among all the conditions that can cause a rapid heart rate, one can single out physiological, that is, acting temporarily with independent restoration of normal heart rate, and pathological, that is, having various disorders of the heart or other organs as their basis.

Physiological causes

1. Physical activity - running, fast long walking, swimming, playing sports,
2. Psycho-emotional stress - acute and chronic stress, panic attack, severe fear, mental strain,
3. Strong emotions - anger, joy, rage, etc.
4. Pregnancy - due to a general increase in blood volume in the body of a pregnant woman, as well as due to an increased load on her heart, an increase in heart rate occurs that does not require treatment if no other pathological causes are identified, and the woman tolerates a frequent rhythm satisfactorily.

Pathological conditions

1) Cardiology

a) Functional dysregulation of the CCC:

• Vegetative-vascular dystonia (VSD, neurocirculatory dystonia) - violations of the regulation of vascular tone, resulting in a reflex increase in heart rate,
• Dysfunction of the sinus node (pacemaker), which is manifested by sinus tachycardia,
• Sharp changes in the level of blood pressure (within the framework of the VVD, that is, due to the functional characteristics of the body), as a result of which the heart reflexively responds with an accelerated rhythm in response to low pressure.

b) Organic myocardial damage:

• Myocardial infarction, acute or transferred some time ago,
• Heart defects, congenital or acquired nature,
• Arterial hypertension, especially long-term, or with high blood pressure,
• Cardiosclerosis, that is, the formation of scar tissue in the place of a normal heart muscle, for example, after inflammation of the myocardium (myocarditis) or acute myocardial infarction,
• Cardiomyopathy - diseases accompanied by a change in the structure of the heart muscle - hypertrophy (increase in mass of the myocardium) or dilation (thinning of the heart muscle and expansion of the heart cavities).

With such diseases, palpitations can be manifested by tachycardia, when the heart contracts often, but correctly, as well as atrial fibrillation or other types of tachyarrhythmias, when the rhythm is frequent and irregular, that is, the heart contracts irregularly.

2) Non-cardiac

Diseases of other organs and systems:

1. Diseases of the thyroid gland, in particular, an autoimmune lesion or goiter, accompanied by an increased level of hormones in the blood - hyperthyroidism,
2. Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract - gastritis, gastric ulcer, diaphragmatic hernia, etc.,
3. Diseases of the bronchopulmonary system - chronic obstructive bronchitis, bronchial asthma, especially if the patient uses inhalers, the active substance of which increases the heart rate (berodual, salbutamol, berotek, etc.),
4. Fever,
5. Acute infectious and purulent diseases,
6. Anemia,
7. Alcoholic, nicotine, narcotic and other types of intoxication,
8. acute poisoning,
9. Eating disorders with dystrophy,
10. Tumors of the brain, mediastinum, the terminal stage of oncological processes in the body,
11. Many types of shock (burn, traumatic, hemorrhagic, etc.).

Symptoms and manifestations of palpitations

Clinically, the sensations of the heartbeat can vary greatly in different patients depending on the causative factor, as well as on the psycho-emotional characteristics and on the general sensitivity of the body.

As a rule, heart palpitations appear paroxysmal, and disappear as triggering factors are eliminated in the case of their physiological nature in a few minutes, but sometimes such an attack can drag on for hours, days and even weeks.

In the case when the patient does not have diseases of the heart or other organs, and a frequent pulse is caused by transient factors, then after the cause is eliminated (rest, cessation of physical activity, exclusion of a stressful situation), the heart rate indicators come to rate (60-90 per minute). In the case of a certain disease, it may be necessary to use medications or treat this disease to eliminate unpleasant symptoms.

What other symptoms can be associated with palpitations?

In persons with vegetative-vascular dystonia increased heart rate can be combined with pronounced psycho-emotional manifestations, such as tearfulness, irritability, aggressiveness, as well as with vegetative reactions - sweating, pallor, trembling of the limbs, headache, nausea, vomiting, low blood pressure numbers. In pronounced cases in such patients, an accelerated heart rate accompanies a panic attack.

If you have high levels of thyroid hormones(hyperthyroidism, thyrotoxicosis), the patient notes attacks of strong palpitations, combined with sweating, internal trembling throughout the body, weight loss with increased appetite, a visually apparent increase in the palpebral fissures and "bulging" eyeballs.

If we talk about the relationship of triggers in various diseases, then anything can provoke tachycardia - physical activity or stress in heart failure, taking a horizontal position after eating (especially at night) with stomach diseases, an overdose of inhalation drugs in bronchial asthma, etc.

Dangerous symptoms to watch out for!

Tachycardia can be a symptom of some life-threatening conditions, for example, if interruptions in the heart and a feeling of strong heartbeat are combined with severe pain in the left side of the chest, between the shoulder blades or behind the sternum, and are also accompanied by a sudden sharp deterioration in the condition with cold sweat, shortness of breath, you can suspect patient with acute myocardial infarction.

With a combination of frequent heartbeat with shortness of breath, a feeling of lack of air, a choking cough with pink frothy sputum or without it, you can think about the onset of acute left ventricular heart failure. Especially sharply, such symptoms can manifest themselves at night, when venous stasis of blood in the lungs increases, and cardiac asthma and pulmonary edema may develop.

In the case when a frequent pulse is accompanied by a feeling of an irregular heartbeat, one can think of dangerous rhythm disturbances, such as atrial fibrillation, frequent extrasystoles, tachy-brady syndrome with sick sinus syndrome, which can lead to loss of consciousness and even to cardiac arrest.

Especially dangerous are ventricular tachycardia and frequent ventricular extrasystole, which are manifested by a very rapid heart rate and are accompanied by sweating, darkening of the eyes, severe shortness of breath and a feeling of lack of air. The danger of such conditions is that they can lead to ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest (asystole).

Thus, in the presence of such pronounced symptoms and a deterioration in general well-being during attacks of palpitations, you should immediately consult a doctor (in a clinic or emergency medical service), because sometimes only the results of an ECG can determine the cause and degree of danger of conditions manifested increased heart rate.

Heart palpitations diagnosis

As you can see from the part of the article that describes the causes of heart palpitations, There are a lot of triggers and causative diseases. Therefore, if the patient cannot independently determine the condition, as a result of which the heartbeat increases, and, moreover, if such symptoms are difficult to tolerate by the patient, he should see a doctor in a timely manner to plan the examination and treatment if necessary.

From the consultations of specialists, in addition to the therapist, examinations by an endocrinologist, gynecologist, infectious disease specialist, gastroenterologist and other doctors may be necessary.

Of the most informative studies, the following can be shown:

1. Complete blood count - for a decrease in hemoglobin levels or the presence of an inflammatory process,
2. General urinalysis to exclude chronic inflammation of the kidneys, as well as kidney damage in hypertension, diabetes, etc.,
3. Biochemical blood test - examines the indicators of kidney and liver function,
4. Blood test for infectious diseases - viral hepatitis, HIV, syphilis,
5. Blood test for thyroid hormones, adrenal hormones,
6. Glycemic profile and glucose tolerance test for suspected diabetes mellitus,
7. Determining the level of sex hormones in pregnant women, especially if there were serious endocrinological diseases before pregnancy,
8. ECG, in combination with Holter monitoring of ECG and blood pressure per day, as well as ECG after dosed physical activity in the office of functional research methods,
9. Echocardioscopy (ultrasound of the heart) for the diagnosis of defects, impaired contractile function of the myocardium and many other heart diseases,
10. For serious arrhythmias suspected to be caused by coronary artery disease, the patient may undergo coronary angiography - an "inside look" of the coronary arteries that feed the heart muscle,
11. Ultrasound of the thyroid gland, internal organs, pelvic organs, if a corresponding pathology is suspected,
12. Fibrogastroscopy (examination of the gastric mucosa with a gastroscope), analysis of gastric juice in case of suspected peptic ulcer, fluoroscopy of the esophagus and stomach with barium in cases of suspected diaphragmatic hernia, etc.
13. An examination of the functions of external respiration may be necessary if the patient describes the symptoms of attacks of tachycardia and suffocation, reminiscent of attacks of bronchial asthma,
14. MRI of the brain, if the neurologist suspects cardiac abnormalities as a result of a brain catastrophe, such as a stroke, as well as due to a brain tumor or other diseases.

It is unlikely that one patient will need a complete list of the above studies, since in most cases attacks of isolated tachycardia without other symptoms appear as a result of physiological causes. If the cause is pathological, then, as a rule, several more symptoms will be observed, so the doctor will be able to orient the patient at the first examination in which diagnostic direction they should move.

Treatment

The answer to the question of how and for how long to treat attacks of frequent palpitations can only be answered by a specialist at an internal appointment. In some cases, only rest, proper sleep and proper nutrition are shown, and in some cases, an ambulance team with further observation in a hospital is indispensable.

First aid for heart palpitations

At the stage of first aid, a patient with an attack can be helped as follows:

• Reassure the patient
• Open the window, unbutton the collar for fresh air access,
• Help lie down or sit down if the patient is suffocating while lying down,
• Call the ambulance,
• Measure pulse and blood pressure
• Apply vagal tests, or Valsalva tests - ask the patient to strain, cough, so that the pressure in the chest cavity increases and the rhythm slows down a little; you can moisten your face with cold water and press on the eyeballs for three to five minutes,
• Take half or a whole tablet of anaprilin under the tongue, or drink a tablet of egilok, concor or coronal inside if the patient has already taken such medications before, but only in accordance with the level of blood pressure - at a pressure below 90/60 mm Hg, such drugs are categorically contraindicated, and the rhythm is slowed down only by health workers with the help of intravenous administration of drugs, coupled with cardiotonic drugs.

Similar recommendations apply to patients with a history of cardiac disease, because in the case of another severe pathology, for example, for a patient in a state of severe poisoning or traumatic shock, life-saving and stabilization measures will be completely different.

So, in this material, only some of the causes and approximate schemes of what you can think of with a variety of combinations of heart palpitations with other symptoms are given. Therefore, it is better for a person who is far from medicine not to engage in self-diagnosis and self-treatment, but to seek help from a doctor who not only diagnoses the disease in time, if any, but also prescribes competent treatment to prevent the disease from starting.

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Causes and symptoms of increased heartbeat

Increased heart rate, in which the heart rate exceeds 100 beats, is called tachycardia. Some doctors consider an increase in heart rate to 90 beats per minute as a sign of tachycardia.

Even people who do not have health problems sometimes feel a rapid heartbeat. The heart can beat strongly for various reasons. There are physiological and pathological tachycardia. Physiological - is not a symptom of diseases and can be observed in people who do not have health problems.

For example, tachycardia is considered normal in children under 6 years of age. Physiological tachycardia can also be observed in the following cases:

• Experiences, emotions stress.
• Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (overeating, flatulence).
• Increased physical activity (climbing stairs, outdoor activities, etc.).
• With an increase in body temperature (an increase in temperature by 1 degree increases the heart rate by 10 beats per minute).
• Excessive consumption of coffee and drinks that contain caffeine.
• Taking certain medications.
• Drug use (cocaine, etc.).
• Intoxication of the body (alcohol, nicotine, nitrates).

Symptoms for which you should see a doctor:

• palpitations last more than 5 minutes and do not go away, even if the person is in a calm position;
• shocks hurt;
• palpitations are accompanied by dizziness, fainting;
• gaps, "gaps" between heartbeats;
• there is shortness of breath, lack of air;
• pain in the region of the heart;
• palpitations are accompanied by darkening in the eyes, a rush of blood to the face;
• if the cause is not found and the tachycardia is permanent.

Why is the heart beating fast? There can be many reasons for this condition. Tachycardia is rarely an independent disease and is not always caused by diseases of the heart and blood vessels. Tachycardia is observed in some diseases of the endocrine system, in the presence of tumors, infections in the body. The causes of pathological tachycardia may be a lack of certain substances in the body.

Types of tachycardia

Normal physiological reactions - physical activity, emotions - cause sinus tachycardia. Normally, the heart makes up to 150 beats per minute, maintaining a normal rhythm.

Sinus tachycardia happens to everyone and does not require any measures. It needs treatment if it manifests itself at rest. Sinus tachycardia is sometimes a symptom of heart failure, thyroid disease.

Paroxysmal tachycardia has a clear clinical picture. The heart suddenly starts beating too fast. Just as instantly, the attack ends. With a rapid heartbeat, dizziness, noise in the head, weakness, and sometimes loss of consciousness are observed. The pulse rate can reach 140 and even 220 beats per minute, rarely more.

Paroxysmal tachycardia is:

• atrial;
• ventricular.

Atrial tachycardia may occur due to disruption of the autonomic nervous system. Then a strong heartbeat may be accompanied by an increase in pressure, urine output after an attack.

Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia can be caused by smoking, prolonged use of alcohol, coffee, stimulants. It is enough to eliminate the factor that causes seizures, and the heart will stop beating too quickly.

Ventricular tachycardia, as a rule, develops against the background of pathological heart diseases. Its reasons may be:

• congestive heart failure;
• ischemic heart disease;
• heart defects;
• cardiomyopathy;
• arterial hypertension.

Patients with paroxysmal tachycardia should definitely consult a cardiologist and undergo cardiography to find out the cause of frequent heartbeats.

The heart beats when the rhythm of work is disturbed. Among the many arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation is the most common. With this type of arrhythmia, the atrial rate can reach 150-300 beats per minute. The arrhythmia may be felt as a "flutter" of the heart.

Symptoms of arrhythmia are:

• weakness of the pulse with frequent beats;
• pain and tingling in the chest;
• dyspnea;
• muscle weakness;
• sweating;
• attacks of fear and panic;
• dizziness and loss of consciousness.

Atrial fibrillation is observed in the elderly with heart disease, in young people with heart defects. Atrial fibrillation is a symptom of thyroid diseases, intoxication of the body with alcohol, drugs, etc.

With arrhythmia, drugs are prescribed only by a doctor. Since some medicines used to treat heart disease can cause an attack of palpitations.

When is palpitations a symptom of an underlying disease?

If a rapid heartbeat is accompanied by a decrease in efficiency, fatigue, weakness, pallor of the skin, then all signs point to anemia. Iron deficiency in the body and a decrease in hemoglobin content affect the functioning of the heart and cause tachycardia.

Iron deficiency anemia is often latent, and patients may not be aware of such a pathology. An increased heart rate is one of the symptoms of iron deficiency. This condition may occur due to:

• pregnancy;
• heavy menstruation;
• frequent bleeding from the nose, with ulcerative processes in the stomach, with hemorrhoids;
• multiple donation;
• iron absorption disorders (with enteritis and some other diseases).

Often the heart beats due to a malfunction of the thyroid gland. Palpitations are accompanied by weight loss, irritability, insomnia, trembling fingers. Hyperthyroidism - a violation of the functionality of the thyroid gland - is often observed in women. Patients with hyperthyroidism are concerned about a frequent pulse, pain in the chest, shortness of breath, rhythm disturbances.

To eliminate tachycardia caused by interruptions in the work of the thyroid gland, they take medications that block the synthesis of hormones. In some cases, surgical treatment is used. With a decrease in the level of hormones of this endocrine organ, the symptoms of tachycardia disappear without a trace.

The heart beats too hard, and panic sets in, symptoms are often accompanied by shortness of breath, dizziness, and less often chest pain. These signs are characteristic of vegetovascular dystonia of the cardiac type. Attacks are accompanied by a pulsation in the temples, the pulse can be felt in the vessels in the neck.

VSD is a frequent companion of depression. Often, with attacks of tachycardia, patients are haunted by the fear of death. Vegetovascular dystonia is not a disease that poses a danger. The main thing is to understand whether a more serious pathology is hiding behind the symptoms of VVD.

Rapid heartbeat is a symptom of a disease such as leukemia. But the likelihood of getting any form of leukemia is very small. There are only 35 cases per million people.

If the heartbeat caught up suddenly

• you need to go out into the fresh air or open windows;
• tighten the abdominal muscles for 15 seconds, repeat every 1-2 minutes;
• dip your face in cool water for a few seconds;
• put a cold object on your forehead;
• if after five minutes the heart is still beating strongly, call an ambulance.

If the heart beats too fast, then this may indicate the development of the disease. And only a doctor during the examination will determine the cause and prescribe treatment. Self-treatment of palpitations is dangerous, as drugs that are effective for one condition can have a negative effect on the heart for another.

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Why does

The causes of a strong heartbeat are different. It can occur at normal, elevated or reduced pressure.

A strong heartbeat is normal in the following cases:

• Physical activity: sports, physical work, weight lifting, brisk walking, running and so on.
• With emotional stress: fear, excitement, joy, anger, irritation, etc.
• With an increase in body temperature, for example, with infectious diseases. With an increase in t by 1 degree, the heart rate increases by 10 beats per minute.
• With an allergic reaction.
• From overeating.
• From the use of energy drinks.
• With a climax.

The causes of pathological tachycardia are various diseases, including:

• cardiosclerosis;
• myocardial dystrophy;
• arrhythmia;
• anemia;
• vegetative-vascular dystonia;
• disruption of the endocrine system;
• hypoxia;
• heart defects.

Finding the exact cause of an increase in heart rate is possible only through a comprehensive diagnosis.

How to help yourself with a strong heartbeat

If a tachycardia attack happened to a person for the first time, and he does not suspect that he has pathologies, he needs to do the following:

• open a window in the room;
• unfasten the collar of the garment;
• wash with cool water;
• if possible, you must definitely lie down or at least sit down, but do not stay on your feet.
• take medicine (this can be Corvalol, Valocordin, Validol, Valerian, Motherwort).

Many people panic during an attack of tachycardia, especially if it happened at night. You need to calm down and start breathing properly. With a rapid heartbeat, you need to take a deep breath, then hold your breath, strain and slowly exhale. Relief does not come immediately, so the exercise is recommended to be done for about five minutes.

With a strong heartbeat, you can try to cough.

Another remedy that helps to stop attacks of tachycardia, accompanied by dizziness and impaired coordination of movement, is eye massage. Making it is very simple:

• close your eyes and press on the eyeballs with your fingertips;
• keep your fingers in front of your eyes for about 10 seconds, then release;
• repeat after 10 seconds.

Helps with tachycardia impact on biologically active points located on the fingers. The little finger and thumb are responsible for the work of the cardiovascular system. With a rapid heartbeat, you need to press the tip of the little finger on the base of the thumbnail on both hands.

Traditional medicine suggests rubbing the back of the wrists, where there are active points associated with the work of the cardiovascular system.

A strong heartbeat can be a harbinger of a stroke or heart attack. In this case, immediate assistance is required. You need to call an ambulance and take sedatives.

Strong heartbeat and high blood pressure

Often, tachycardia is characterized not only by a rapid heartbeat, but also by hypertension. If during an attack, high blood pressure, you need to take the following measures:

• It is convenient to sit or lie down and try to relax completely.
• Drink some cold water. When passing through the esophagus, it puts pressure on the heart, thereby normalizing its work.
• Sometimes washing with cold water can help.
• Another way to lower your heart rate if your blood pressure is high is to take a deep breath, cover your nose and mouth with your hand, and try to exhale.
• If the cause of the attack is stress, relaxation, aromatherapy and meditation will help.
• With a pronounced heartbeat, doctors advise taking anaprilin.
• The menu should include more seafood and fish, which are rich in omega-3 fatty acids.
• Vitamin complexes should be taken by those who have high blood pressure tachycardia caused by a lack of magnesium in the body.

Heartbeat at low pressure

In hypotensive patients, tachycardia is quite common. Signs such as palpitations and low blood pressure are characteristic of such pathological conditions:

• shock (anaphylactic, traumatic);
• vegetovascular dystonia;
• profuse bleeding.

With tachycardia that develops against the background of hypotension, the following symptoms are often observed:

• nausea, vomiting;
• dizziness;
• headache;
• pale skin;
• pain in the heart and stomach;
• feeling of fear, increased anxiety.

Tachycardia in pregnancy

During pregnancy, a woman's body undergoes significant changes and it begins to work in a different mode. Rapid heart rate (up to 100 beats per minute or more) is normal during this period. Often, tachycardia during gestation is mild and not dangerous. But it happens that it is accompanied by unpleasant symptoms:

• headaches;
• dizziness;
• chest pain;
• sometimes fainting.

• rest more;
• avoid stress;
• drink more pure water.

Tachycardia in the fetus

During an ultrasound scan in the fifth week of gestation, the doctor can diagnose tachycardia in the fetus. Heart rate is a very important indicator that determines how the unborn child develops. A strong heartbeat in the fetus can be caused by hypoxia, the causes of which may be as follows:

• finding the expectant mother in a stuffy room;
• anemia in a woman;
• physical activity of a pregnant woman.

Rapid heartbeat in a child

Children have a higher heart rate than adults. Moreover, the younger the child, the faster his heart beats. Usually a strong heartbeat in children has the following reasons:

• fear, joy, stressful situation;
• cardiac and non-cardiac diseases;
• weather change.

If the increase in heart rate is associated with emotional or physical stress, then it normalizes on its own.

But tachycardia is not always harmless. It can be a sign of a serious illness, for example, heart failure, arrhythmia, myocarditis.

The child may experience acute attacks of rapid heartbeat, which is called paroxysmal tachycardia. Sometimes they last several hours and are accompanied by dizziness, nausea, chest pain, convulsions, cold sweat, fainting.

How to treat

Treatment is prescribed depending on the cause. It is important to save the patient from unpleasant symptoms: dizziness, headache, nausea, shortness of breath, fainting.

Two methods are usually used: drug therapy and folk remedies.

Treatment with drugs

To combat tachycardia, you need to take the following medications:

• Sedatives. These include natural remedies based on medicinal herbs. This is motherwort, valerian, Novo-passit. They can be produced in tablets, drops, tinctures.
• Antiarrhythmic. These tablets normalize the heartbeat. You can not drink them on your own, only as directed by a doctor. These include Flecainide, Verapamil and others.

For the treatment of tachycardia, pills of four groups are taken:

• Cardiac glycosides (Dogoxin).
• Beta blockers (Atenolol, Concor).
• Sedative drugs (Novo-passit).
• Antioxidants (Mexicor, Preductal).

Herbal treatment

Most often, mint, lemon balm, chamomile, St. John's wort, motherwort and others are used to treat a strong heartbeat at home.

To normalize heart rate and pressure, you can prepare an infusion of herbs. To do this, you need to take a spoonful of dried valerian root, yarrow herb and lemon balm. Mix the ingredients, pour boiling water and put in a water bath for 40 minutes. When cool, strain and drink.

Another effective remedy is hawthorn. Aqueous fruit extract should be taken three times a day, 20 drops in ¼ cup of water before meals. For cooking, you need a tablespoon of crushed fruits, which you need to pour a glass of boiling water, put on a slow fire and cook until half of the original volume remains.

An infusion can be prepared from hawthorn flowers. To do this, pour the flowers (tsp) with a glass of boiling water and put in a water bath for 15 minutes. Take twice a day before meals for half a glass.

As a preventive measure

In order to prevent attacks of tachycardia, it is recommended:

• Avoid stress and high physical exertion.
• Refuse to drink black tea and coffee or limit their consumption, give preference to green tea.
• Instead of tea, you can drink an infusion of hawthorn and wild rose, which helps to normalize heart rate. For its preparation, the fruits of these plants are mixed in equal proportions, poured with boiling water and insisted.
• If tachycardia develops against a background of hypertension, green oat juice helps well (drink 50 g three times a day) or an infusion of blue cornflower flowers (take ½ cup three times a day). With a tendency to palpitations with high blood pressure, it is recommended to take a tablespoon a day of adonis infusion and drink green tea with mint or lemon balm leaves.