Rules for the primary treatment of wounds of various types. How and how to treat cuts on the skin: features, algorithm of actions and recommendations How to wash the wound

Purulent wounds can appear at any age in every person.. With incorrect or untimely treatment, this leads to complex complications.

Therefore, it is extremely important to know what drugs and other means to use, how to properly carry out the procedures.

If infection is observed when the integrity of the skin is damaged, then the question of treating purulent wounds at home becomes acute. After all, suppuration leads to the most unpleasant consequences, up to gangrene.

Ulcers are a lumen with purulent fluid around which an inflammatory process occurs. The disease occurs against the background of infection of any wound (cut, scratch, puncture, etc.).

Simply put, pus is formed due to the penetration of a pathogenic microorganism into the wound.

A purulent formation can occur in any part of the body, but most often occurs on the leg, arm, buttocks, abdomen, and finger. Pus can have a thick or liquid consistency, as well as a different color.

It is the shade that allows you to determine the type of pathogen:

• the whitish and yellowish color of the dense structure indicates infection with the staphylococcus bacterium;
• with a liquid consistency of a brown-yellow hue, we are talking about Escherichia coli;
• for a watery structure of yellow and green color, infection with streptococcus is characteristic;
• brown fetid liquid - anaerobic microbes;
• if the shade of pus inside is yellow, but changes color upon contact with air, then this is Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Symptoms of purulent wounds

1. Bursting, throbbing or pressing pain.
2. Redness of the skin around the lesion.
3. On palpation, the skin feels hot.
4. Change in skin color at the location of the pathology.
5. Swelling and headache.
6. Increased body temperature, chills, weakness.
7. Loss of appetite and increased sweating.

Causes of infection

As you know, purulent wounds occur due to infection. But why then does one person immediately notice the inflammatory process, while the other does not? It turns out that there are certain factors that affect the transformation of a simple wound into a purulent form.

First of all, it is a weakened immune system and the presence of certain pathologies (diabetes mellitus, HIV, etc.). Climatic conditions (high humidity), extensive pollution of the area also play a huge role.

It is possible to bring a pathogen into the wound through dirty hands or the use of non-sterile treatment materials.

The first question that arises is how to treat a purulent wound. Because the effectiveness and duration of subsequent therapy depends on it.

Not every person is ready to go to the clinic with such a minor problem. Yes, and it is not always possible to consult a doctor immediately.

Therefore, it is necessary to know the rules of primary processing:

1. Wound disinfection and washing. What to wash? Every home has hydrogen peroxide, so use this liquid. You can use "Furacilin", potassium permanganate diluted in water or a solution of "Chlorhexidine".
2. Next, you need to process the area around the wound. To do this, you can take brilliant greens or iodine. After that, you need to make a dressing (apply a sterile bandage).
3. Further care includes application of ointments, daily washing and other types of processing.
4. In especially advanced cases, the doctor prescribes surgical intervention.. For example, if the wound is lacerated, open, with the presence of foreign bodies, etc. The surgeon performs a deep cleaning, removing blood clots, splinters, dead tissues and cells. This will speed up the healing process. If necessary, the doctor cuts out uneven edges, and then sutures.

Quite often, the doctor suggests introducing a special serum against tetanus, and in case of bites from unvaccinated animals, a rabies vaccine. Do not refuse the procedure, as this will prevent complications.

The basis of the algorithm for the treatment of purulent lesions is to remove dead epithelium, cleanse purulent fluid, accelerate regeneration processes and prevent the development and growth of pathogenic microorganisms.

For processing, you will need a sterile bandage and gauze wipes, scissors washed in alcohol, sterile gloves, adhesive plaster, solutions and ointments.

Initially, the area around the wound is washed and treated with hydrogen peroxide, manganese or other solutions. Next, cut a sterile napkin to the size of the wound with scissors, apply ointment on it and attach it to the focus. After that, bandage. All manipulations must be done with gloves.

If you remove a bandage with accumulated pus, then do it with rubber gloves.. After removing the purulent wipes, be sure to change the gloves. Otherwise, you risk spreading the infection throughout the body.

Treatment methods for purulent wounds

Before treating purulent wounds, you need to familiarize yourself with the basic methods. Medical principles of treatment include the following:

• cleansing of purulent fluid and dead tissues, cells;
• neutralization of puffiness and other symptoms;
• destruction of bacteria.

If the pus cannot be removed naturally, drainage is performed. It can be passive and active.

In the first case, drainage is used from tubes, strips, turundas and wipes soaked in antiseptics. Active drainage involves the use of suction devices.

Since purulent wounds belong to the infectious group, the need is the use of antibiotics. Depending on the severity of suppuration, various forms of preparations are used.

For example, with a slight suppuration, local exposure is sufficient, and in more complex cases, complex treatment is prescribed. That is, the wounds are treated with antibacterial ointments and solutions, and the patient takes pills inside. Quite often, injections are also prescribed.

The most popular antibiotics for purulent wounds:

• tetracyclines;
• cephalosporins;
• penicillins.

Modern pharmacology produces a huge number of universal ointments that have a comprehensive effect. But what kind of ointment to use for purulent wounds in a particular case, the attending physician and directly, you yourself will decide.

List of the best ointments:

The most common and popular drugs:

Home treatment: traditional medicine recipes

Modern medicine does not deny the positive effect of medicinal herbs and other components used in traditional medicine.

After all, many drugs are made from extracts and extracts of plants. Therefore, folk remedies are popular.

Juna is a folk healer, thanks to which many people got rid of various pathologies. One of her recipes is Juna's unique ointment.

Although, she personally claimed that this remedy came from the people, and she only recommended it. The ointment is able to draw out any purulent liquid in a short time.

So, you will need 1 raw egg yolk, 1 tsp. honey and 1 tbsp. l. wheat flour. Mix all ingredients thoroughly and refrigerate.

If necessary, apply the resulting mixture directly to the hearth, covering the top with a piece of toilet paper or paper napkin. Be sure to wear a protective bandage.

Ointment can be changed every 3 hours throughout the day. If you want to leave it overnight, feel free to leave it. After removal, you will find accumulations of pus that need to be removed. If there is no purulent fluid yet, then put another layer of the mixture on top.

Almighty Aloe Flower

Aloe refers to a bactericidal plant that destroys the pathogen, draws out pus and heals.

But how to use aloe correctly to achieve the maximum effect? There are several ways:

1. Wash the leaf of the plant and cut it lengthwise. Attach to the affected area, fixing. To enhance the antibacterial effect, you can drop a little iodine.
2. Remove skin from aloe and finely chop. Apply the paste on the wound.
3. Squeeze out the juice from the peeled plant, soak a gauze napkin in it and apply it to the site of damage.

Aloe needs to be changed every 2-3 hours. Try to use a 3 year old plant. Be sure to treat the wound with any solution before the procedure.

Horseradish Recipes

Horseradish is a powerful antibacterial plant, so it is used to treat purulent formations. Horseradish infusion is used as lotions, compresses and solutions for washing.

Grind the root part, take 1 tbsp. l. and fill it with boiling water. It is desirable to insist in a thermos for 1 hour.

You can make a tincture from fresh leaves. Weigh 200 grams of the plant and twist the leaves through a meat grinder. You should get a gruel, which you need to pour 1 liter of boiled water (temperature slightly above room temperature).

Now place the mixture in a glass jar and close the lid tightly. You need to insist 12 hours. Do not forget to stir the ingredients periodically during this time.

Other recipes

Try not to self-medicate, this can lead to complications. It is better to consult a doctor, as separate groups of drugs can be prescribed for each type of bacteria. And then you can easily get rid of a purulent wound!

Being engaged in economic affairs, a person can often get hurt by negligence. It is important to know how to treat the wound and how to do it correctly. After all, an innocent wound can soon turn into a real problem, so you need to immediately lubricate it with an antiseptic.

Very often, adults, having earned a cut or wound, neglect the precautions and are in no hurry to treat the damaged area. But such an irresponsible attitude can lead to serious complications and even cause death. If an open wound is not treated in a timely manner, the following complications are possible:

• big loss of blood;
• blood poisoning;
• inflammation and suppuration;
• tetanus infection.

If you accidentally cut your finger with a knife and neglect the fact that blood is coming from the wound, the consequences can be very deplorable. With a shallow cut, blood oozes slowly, and significant loss of it is possible only if a person has poor blood clotting. With a deep wound, the blood flow is fast, in a short time you can lose a large amount of it.

As a result of a large loss of blood, the work of the heart is disturbed, nausea and vomiting, dizziness and fainting begin. If, in addition, blood clotting is reduced, further deterioration of the condition is possible.

If dirt gets into an untreated wound, blood poisoning or sepsis is possible. During the day, the state of health deteriorates sharply: chills beat, weakness in the muscles is felt, bones break, rashes appear on the skin. In the future, the condition worsens more and more: a high temperature rises, consciousness becomes confused. Blood poisoning is difficult to treat, it requires a transfusion.

Dirt in the wound can also be the cause of another misfortune - tetanus. The site of damage to the skin begins to hurt, and then hurt. Manifestations of the disease continue even after the wound has already healed. A person may not associate malaise with damage to the epidermis.

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With the multiplication of tetanus bacillus, harmful toxins enter the brain and spinal cord. As a result of this, muscle spasm, convulsions begin. This state does not pass even in a dream. Due to constant stress, the work of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems gradually worsens.

Otherwise, the wound may become inflamed. Its surface turns red, gradually covered with a purulent film. If the wound is left untreated, it can become seriously ill. Body temperature rises to 39°C, chills, temporary loss of consciousness is possible.

The right approach to the procedure

You need to know how to properly treat a wound. Treatment of a wound at home begins with the following steps. Motes must be removed from its surface. To do this correctly, you need to take clean tweezers, clamp a piece of bandage with it and dip it in alcohol or vodka, then wipe the wound with it.

After that, lubricate the damage with an antiseptic that eliminates microbes. You can treat with iodine, brilliant green, a solution of potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide. By the way, it is good to treat a bleeding wound with hydrogen peroxide. The blood stops quickly. If there are no antiseptics at hand, a thick water-soda solution, alcohol tincture of calendula or chamomile will do. The wound can be generously sprinkled with salt or moistened with cologne. If a child has a wound, it is better to resort to more gentle methods of disinfecting it. Treatment at home consists in washing the damaged area with a slightly pink solution of potassium permanganate. You can also use laundry soap. Then the wound is smeared with hydrogen peroxide.

It is also allowed to use pharmaceutical products, for example, sulfargin. It contains particles of silver, and this metal is known to have antimicrobial and antibacterial properties. There is no pain during treatment of the wound. After manipulating the wound, it is necessary to stick a pharmaceutical plaster on it or tie it with a bandage. Wear a bandage or plaster should be until complete healing.

If the wound is lacerated or in case of a deep cut, it is worth contacting an ambulance. It is possible that the health worker will not be limited to its simple processing. In some cases, stitches are applied to the wound.

Doctors always know how to treat serious damage. Usually, they first apply a wet bandage soaked in an antiseptic; the site of skin damage is bandaged.

The next day, you need to visit the first-aid post again. There, gauze with an antiseptic will be replaced with a bandage soaked in wound healing ointment, and bandaged again. The procedure is repeated daily until the injury site heals.

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If improperly processed or the use of non-sterile bandages, when carrying out the procedure with dirty hands, the wound may fester. It must be treated again with alcohol. Apply a bandage with an antiseptic. In some cases, when seeking help in a medical institution, the doctor prescribes a course of antibiotics.

After such a wound heals, a scar or scar forms at the site of injury.

Home Treatments

If the wound is small, a simple treatment with antiseptics is sufficient.

In a short time, it will drag on and heal without a trace. But serious damage to the epidermis often requires subsequent treatment.

Wound healing is promoted by such home remedies:

1. Lubrication of the damaged area with fir oil. It not only disinfects, but also has powerful wound healing properties.
2. Applying gruel from well-mashed leaves of plantain, lilac or beetroot to the damaged area. Besides the fact that they contribute to the tightening of the wound, they also prevent its suppuration.
3. Applying compresses from the infusion of calendula. For this, 1 tbsp. l. fresh or dried flowers of the plant are steamed in a glass of boiling water. Infuse for about 20 minutes. Use after cooling the broth.
4. Acacia fresh honey has a wound-healing effect. In addition, it is an effective antiseptic. After washing, the wound should be smeared with a thick layer of honey. Repeat the procedure several times a day. After such treatment, there are no scars or scars. Even festering wounds are treated with honey.

Drug Overview

In the treatment of difficult-to-heal wounds, various ointments have proven themselves well. Both pharmacy products and their home-made counterparts easily cope with chronic wounds, even those that ache and hurt.

The use of Eplan provides rapid regeneration of damaged tissues, restoration of the integrity of the epidermis. But it is not recommended to treat bleeding wounds with ointment. It contains a component that reduces the properties of blood clotting.

Thanks to Levomekol, skin lesions with an inflamed surface heal: hard-to-heal wounds quickly heal, pain disappears. The ointment is applied to gauze, applied to the wound, after which it is bandaged. The course of treatment is 10 days. At the same time, every day you need to apply a new gauze soaked in Levomekol.

Baneocin contains antibiotics. Ointment copes with the most complex and chronic wounds. On the damaged area, it is applied in a thin layer, bandaged. Apply daily for 10 days.

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Long non-healing wounds with pain syndrome are cured by a special homemade ointment. For her, take 1 tbsp. l. with the top of crushed burdock roots and 1 tbsp. l. crushed celandine roots. Pour everything into an enameled bowl, pour 1/4 cup of any vegetable oil there. Boil the mixture over low heat for 15 to 20 minutes. The cooled drug should be treated with the affected area 2 times a day. Treatment is carried out until the wound heals.

Homemade propolis ointment heals old wounds that hurt and won't heal. Cellular lard is cut into pieces, propolis is added. Melt the ingredients in a water bath. A homogeneous liquid mixture comes out. It is cooled and lubricated on the damaged surface.

With an open wound, treatment and the use of antibacterial drugs are required, because when an infection is introduced, it can begin to rot. Therefore, first of all, it is necessary to disinfect the wound and seek help from a medical institution.

Symptoms

An open wound is understood as the destruction of the entire skin and internal tissues. If you do not start treating an open wound in time, the following complications may occur:

1. severe blood loss and anemia;
2. Injured important muscles and organs can cause complications in further treatment;
3. Blood poisoning.

Symptoms of an open wound:

• pain,
• bleeding,
• soft tissue defects
• improper functioning of the legs, arms.

There may also be a shock state of the patient and the presence of infection. When an open wound heals depends on the severity of the disease and timely treatment.

Kinds

With timely and proper treatment, wound healing occurs quickly and does not cause complications. With severe bleeding, the help of a doctor and timely treatment of the wound with medications is required.

Open wounds are divided into several types:

1. A cut wound is a cut with a sharp object.
2. A stab wound, there is little damage here, but very deep and can hurt the internal important organs. For example, improper use of the awl.
3. Rupture, this type of damage is formed as a result of ruptures of soft tissues. It is characterized by heavy bleeding and severe pain.
4. Surgical suture, occurs as a result of surgical intervention.

Diagnostics

To correctly prescribe treatment, the doctor must examine the patient at the initial examination, the history of the disease and the cause of the damage. After that, only begins to treat the patient.

The severity of the disease is assessed by the patient's well-being, pain, the presence of bleeding. It is also established by examining and questioning the victim, what types of wounds were inflicted on him.

Treatment

With a shallow incised wound, if the tendon or muscle is slightly damaged, it must be treated with antimicrobial agents and tied with sterile gauze. If the cut is small, you can cover it with a band-aid.

A stab wound needs to be examined and treated by a physician, due to the fact that in most cases surgery is required. The treatment required here is to stop the bleeding and treat with antiseptics. If the bleeding does not stop, then a sterile dressing is applied until the bleeding stops. The patient is given an injection of tetanus serum. In severe cases, give oxygen to breathe, and if you want to bring the patient to life - ammonia.

With a lacerated wound, you need to treat with hydrogen peroxide and apply a sterile bandage. To collect damaged skin, you can consult a doctor so that he does it right and provides timely treatment. Before starting the treatment of an open wound, it is necessary to find out the reasons for its occurrence, what is the severity of the damage and the presence of infection.

Only surgeons know how to properly treat an open leg wound. Before starting the treatment of an open wound on the leg, which originated from a sharp object, it is necessary to correctly establish why the damage and the severity of the cut appeared.

Treatment will be effective if a number of measures are taken:

1. Provide first aid
2. Handle damage properly
3. Take timely treatment and care.

Proper first aid

First you need to stop the bleeding, so a tourniquet is applied. The edges of the wound must be treated with antiseptics and a sterile bandage applied. Foreign bodies, you need to remove with tweezers, pre-treat the edges of it with alcohol. In case of a wound and the presence of deep damage, it is not worth taking out the object yourself, it is better if the doctor provides assistance and prescribes the correct treatment. To prevent infection of the damage, it is necessary to treat with antibacterial agents. After completing all the mandatory procedures, a sterile bandage is applied.

Which antiseptics are used to treat open wounds: a solution of furacilin or chlorhexidine. Streptocide powder also has a disinfecting property. A 3% solution of potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide and a 2% solution of chloramine are also used. Iodine is not recommended, it can cause skin burns. Zelenka can be used as an antiseptic.

You can also use healing ointments to treat open wounds. Even a small wound, if there is an infection, can provoke the danger of the disease. After proper treatment of an open wound, it is left alone for two days, then healing ointments can be used. The ointment quickly restores damaged tissue, has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects. Doctors advise treating wounds with ointment after providing primary care. With the timely application of the ointment, not only will the wound heal quickly, but scars and scars will disappear.

List of healing ointments:

1. Baneocin is recommended for burns and deep wounds.
2. Levomekol, a very effective ointment, has an antibacterial effect.
3. Solcoseryl, has not only a healing effect, but also reduces the sensation of pain.
4. Eplan, an effective remedy for all types of wounds.

To apply a healing ointment to an open wound correctly, it is best to smear with a thin layer, this is done in order for oxygen to penetrate. Then the wound healing will be accelerated, otherwise, with a thick layer of ointment, rotting may begin.

As a result, you can treat the wound with folk remedies, but first you need to consult with your doctor so as not to cause the opposite effect. The following herbs and components have a healing property:

• propolis,
• willow bark,
• St. John's wort and plantain leaves.

If the wound is festering, you can use the folk method: apply a freshly cut aloe leaf, it draws pus from the wound. As the pus disappears, the wound can be lubricated with sea buckthorn oil. Be sure to show the purulent wound to the doctor and consult with the doctor about the use of these funds. In some cases, only medical treatment is required. In case of complications, only a doctor can help.

The key to rapid healing of an open wound is the timely decontamination of the cut with antiseptics and the restoration of muscle tissue. It is better not to self-medicate, but to treat a small open wound and seek help from a doctor. In case of a severe wound, it is necessary to call an ambulance or go to a medical facility, where they will provide effective treatment from the first days.

Beauty and Health Health

It is unlikely that anyone wants to receive injuries and wounds on purpose, but many people receive them. The risk group includes athletes, people of certain professions, hyperactive children and adolescents; besides - unfortunately - the cause of injuries often becomes a banal non-compliance with the rules of life safety. But here we will not talk about how to avoid injuries and wounds, but about how to heal them faster if they have already appeared.

Means for rapid healing of wounds

If you immediately treat the wound correctly and treat it correctly, then recovery will go quickly: you need to do this as quickly as possible, but carefully, without touching the wound itself, but removing all dead tissue and dirt from it.

Of course, it is worth consulting a doctor, and with sufficiently deep wounds or cuts, it is necessary to do this - it is better if a specialist provides first aid, and if necessary, he will suture and teach them how to process them.

If it is not possible to immediately consult a doctor, it is necessary to treat the skin around the wound with the antiseptic that is at hand: brilliant green, iodine, etc., and apply a sterile temporary bandage, but at least 2 hours later it is necessary to make a dressing according to all the rules. In order for the wound to heal quickly and correctly, it must be treated, and for this you need to have everything you need at home: bandages, tools - scissors and tweezers treated with alcohol; antiseptic solutions and wound healing preparations.

Bandaging wounds should be 1-2 times a day; dry and wet wounds are treated with different means.

If the wound needs to be washed, use a solution of furacilin, hydrogen peroxide or other aqueous solutions of antiseptics; if the wound is inflamed, you should immediately consult a doctor, if not, continue the usual treatment in stages, using wound healing agents.

The main properties of such products are the absence of toxic components, the ability to stimulate the processes of cell regeneration and collagen formation, and quickly deliver oxygen and glucose to cells. If the wound is wet, the ointment is not used - the remedy should be in the form of a jelly: it does not stop healing, while the ointment with fatty components forms a film, preventing the liquid from being released from the damaged surface.

Jelly is replaced with ointment when the wound gradually turns dry - it is better to take one drug, but in a different dosage form. Now the wound needs a protective film, under which it will heal better without being exposed to the external environment - here you can even remove the bandage. If you can’t remove it completely yet, you can apply it not immediately after treatment, but after 2-3 hours, and gradually increase this time - so the tissues will still heal faster.

Means for healing can be pharmacy or folk - in any case, they should be prescribed by a doctor.

Pharmaceutical wound healing

Of the pharmaceutical products, preparations with vitamins or provitamins are often used: for example, retinol acetate or dexpanthenol - provitamin B5. These products come in the form of ointments, creams or lotions, but not in the form of jelly, so they are not suitable for treating wet wounds.

Preparations with methyluracil have an anti-inflammatory effect and stimulate cellular immunity, so wounds heal quickly, but only dry wounds can be treated with them - they are also not available in the form of jelly.

In the 90s, Moscow began to produce a drug called by many doctors universal - Eplun. This remedy treats dermatitis, burns, ulcers, radiation injuries, has pronounced regenerative properties and heals wounds - it is produced by Oberon CJSC. First of all, the drug actively destroys microbes and increases the activity of phagocytes, so they can treat fresh wounds, but it cannot be applied to bleeding wounds - it is an anticoagulant, and it can reduce clotting.
Eplan quickly cleans wounds from infection, and at the same time does not create a barrier for oxygen to enter them; There are no toxins, hormones or antibiotics in it. It is produced in the form of a solution, liniment and cream.

Around the same time, the Swiss company Nycomed created a drug based on an extract of the blood of dairy calves - Solcoseryl, produced in the form of an ointment and jelly (its analogue is Actovegin, and it is also available in such forms), and perfectly heals any wounds. It can be used both at the initial stages - in the form of a jelly, and during the period of wound granulation - in the form of an ointment.
Solcoseryl protects the wound, prevents microbes from penetrating, accelerates metabolism and regeneration processes, and even anesthetizes - you need to use it 2-3 times a day, and healing will go quickly and without complications.

Folk remedies for wound healing

Folk remedies are used on a par with pharmacy ones, if the doctor recommends, or when the wounds are small and not serious.

It happens that the wound is small, but does not heal for a long time, and may even fester - the resin-resin of coniferous trees will help to cure it. It is better to collect resin in late spring - early summer, from even, strong mature trees - no need to make incisions. The collected resin is melted and mixed 1:1 with pure butter - it is better to cook it yourself: beat 0.5 liters of fresh and fat village milk in a blender and collect the butter. The resulting mixture is applied to the wound 2 times a day - in a few days it is delayed.

If you immediately lubricate a fresh abrasion with clean resin-resin of pine, spruce, fir, it will heal very quickly.

For the treatment of abscesses, ulcers, cuts, abrasions, boils, an ointment is prepared from spruce resin, sunflower oil, honey and wax. The ingredients are taken equally, melted in a water bath, mixed and used to lubricate sore spots.

For long non-healing wounds, there is another effective remedy - burdock and celandine ointment. The crushed roots of celandine and burdock (20 and 30 g each) are poured into 100 ml of sunflower oil and boiled over low heat for 15 minutes, removed, filtered, cooled and lubricated with sore spots several times a day - after a week, the wounds usually heal.

Propolis has long been known for its healing properties.- with it, you can also prepare a homemade ointment for healing wounds. You can take any fat base - vegetable or butter, fish or pork fat (5 parts), bring it to a boil in a saucepan and add chopped propolis (1 part). Continue to cook for half an hour, stirring occasionally, at 80°C, then strain through cheesecloth, cool and use. You can store the ointment in the refrigerator for a whole year.

Homemade wound balm with juniper tar, turpentine (100 g each), egg yolks and rose oil (1 tbsp). The oil is rubbed with two fresh yolks, and then purified turpentine is gradually added, 1 tsp each, with constant stirring - otherwise the mixture will curdle. Then tar is added and everything is thoroughly mixed. The resulting balm is carefully poured over the wounds, picking it up with a teaspoon.

Rose oil can also be made at home: pour fresh garden rose petals (2 cups) with olive oil (1 glass), close the dishes tightly and put in a dark place for 2-3 weeks. Periodically, the mass is stirred, then filtered and used.

Poorly healing wounds and ulcers are sprinkled with willow bark powder.- you can buy it in a phytopharmacy. Willow has hemostatic, antiseptic and wound healing properties; you can take the powder and inside, especially at temperature and fever - 1 g after meals, 3 times a day.

Apply compresses with tincture of nettle leaves to fresh wounds.. Loosely place fresh leaves in a 0.5 liter bottle or jar almost to the top, pour 70% alcohol and put in the sun for a week. Strain the resulting tincture and wash the wounds with it before applying a bandage.
Nettle contains many substances that have hemostatic, wound healing and analgesic effects, so you can pour wounds with fresh juice or apply napkins soaked in juice to them.

Yarrow has similar properties: it promotes blood clotting, destroys microbes, relieves inflammation and pain - you can also pour wounds with its juice, or apply a bandage with fresh grass crushed into gruel.

Wound healing is accelerated not only due to local effects - it is very important what our entire body feeds on. For example, the drug Oxyprolan can be used both externally, in the form of a cream, and inside, in the form of a dietary supplement - it also stimulates the production of collagen and accelerates the regeneration processes in tissues.

In addition, the diet should contain a lot of natural lean protein and vitamins: fresh dairy products, meat and fish, fruits and vegetables.

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In order for the wound to heal quickly and painlessly, it is required to treat it correctly and immediately, and then treat it with various medical means.

Treatment and treatment should be done as quickly as possible and very carefully, first, dirt and dead tissue are properly removed from the wound, so as not to touch the wound.

What is a wound?

A wound, that is, a vulnus, is a mechanical damage to a human organ or its tissues, accompanied by the destruction of the integrity of the skin or mucous membrane. It is this destruction that differs from a rupture, bruise, and stretching; a wound differs from a wound and is the result of tissue destruction. The wound has three main signs - bleeding, as well as gaping and pain, which depend on the nature of the wound itself, the amount of tissue destroyed and the blood supply to the wounded area.

The wound zone has walls, the bottom of the wound and wound volumes, they can be of two main types, that is, random or operational.

Types of injuries

• Bitten, that is, vulnus laceratum. It may be due to a bite by an animal or a person, the features are the same as those of a laceration, the main point here is scattered, deep and extensive damage, as well as a large infection with the microflora of the animal's mouth.
• Wound crushed or crushed, that is, vulnus conqvassatum. It can be formed due to the action of blunt objects, where the total surface is wide enough, as well as in the presence of a solid support, that is, other objects or bones. Tissues can have extensive wounds and be crushed, the gap here is wide, the bones can collapse, the edges of the wound are quite complex, the general pain syndrome is bright, and blood loss is minimal.
• Chopped, that is, vulnus caesum. It can be formed due to the action of sharp certain objects, such as a saber, saber or ax, while the wound is only perpendicular or at an angle to the tissues. It is characterized by deep various general injuries, there is a wide gaping, as well as concussion and tissue bruises, it occupies a middle position between a bruised and cut wound.

• The wound is cut, that is, vulnus incisum. It can occur when exposed to sharp objects such as a razor, knife, metal and glass fragments. Such a common large wound is characterized by maximum destruction of tissues towards the wound channel and other tissues, the edges of these tissues can be smooth, even and complex. Bleeding due to an incised wound is usually significant, the pain syndrome is moderate, and muscles, blood vessels and tendons can also be damaged.
• Chopped, that is, vulnus punctum. May occur due to deep general penetration of long and sharp tools, such as a bayonet and a sharpener, an awl or a knitting needle. The main feature is the minimum inlet, as well as small tissue damage, the wound quickly sticks together and creates a condition for the development of various infections.
• Bruised, that is, vulnus contusum. It can occur due to the action of a hard and blunt object, the surface of the bruise is usually quite wide, often the muscle tissue and bones of the person are destroyed, which can be bruised and mashed.
• Ragged, that is, vulnus laceratum. It can occur when an object acts at a certain angle to the human skin, such an object can be a saw or a transmission, the amount of damage here is significant, skin detachment often occurs, the gaping is quite wide, and the hemorrhage is significant.
• Wound vulnus venenatum. It can be formed when bitten by various poisonous snakes, the main difference from others is the ingress of toxic substances into the wound, it can also be formed due to radioactive and even household pollution.

Immediate action in case of injury

Medical general and the very first aid to a person in case of a wound is a complex of various measures., the purpose of which is to eliminate the effect of the factor and remove the threat to human life.

Also, such medical care serves to alleviate suffering and prepare a person for being sent to a medical institution for further treatment.

Such actions are among the simplest, and they must be carried out in the shortest possible time right at the scene, for this purpose, the working personnel must undergo special training and master the simplest techniques, which is of great importance in this case.

The most optimal medical care is considered to be provided to a person in case of injury within 30 minutes after the injury itself, the working personnel must be trained in the methods of providing medical care for injuries typical for the work of a given organization or company.

The wound is usually accompanied by the destruction of the integrity of the skin or mucous membrane of a person, wounds can vary in depth, size and shape.

Such general medical care should be provided as quickly and very competently as possible, each type of wound will have its own symptoms, as well as general principles in the form of impaired function, swelling, pain, and so on.

1. It is required to release the victim from the dangerous destructive factor, it can be a mechanical action, electric current, water or chemicals that harm a person. To do this, they can use a number of first aid general aids, and it is also required to know safe for themselves and other techniques that everyone should know.

1. The condition should be assessed and the person should be freed from clothing if it restricts his breathing. if required, it is better to take it to where the air will be fresh. Determination of the degree and nature of the damage itself, for this purpose, the damaged area or part of the body is carefully exposed, and then it is immediately required to take medical assistance to the person.

1. Stop bleeding. It is required to know that if the loss of blood is up to 2 liters, then this leads to death, here the rate of blood loss depends on the size of the vessel, the location of the injury and the depth of the injury. The larger the size of such a vessel, the less will be the time during which there is a loss of blood, such bleeding can be venous when the skin is injured and arterial when an arterial vessel is injured. If the injury was arterial or even parenchymal, that is, due to organ damage, then it will definitely not be possible to stop it on your own, you need to contact the doctors urgently for this purpose.

1. Disinfection. It is required to immediately and quickly wash the wound with water or a special solution, if the wound is contaminated, then it must be carefully cleaned with hands or tweezers, which must be clean and treated with alcohol. Next, the wound should be washed, this can be done using a weak pink solution of potassium permanganate, and hydrogen peroxide is also suitable, which should be in every enterprise and firm. If the wound was caused by acid that got on the skin, then wash it with an ordinary soda solution, and if the wound was made due to alkali, then it is required to treat it with a solution of vinegar.

1. Requires treatment of the skin around the wound itself, for this purpose, lubrication with iodine solution or brilliant green is done around the wound at a distance of 2 cm from the edges. And if iodine is absent, then you can use a solution of ordinary potassium permanganate, and an alcohol-containing liquid is also suitable. Such treatment should be carried out very carefully so that the alcohol does not exactly get into the wound, this is a very important condition.

1. Pressure special bandage for wounds. In order to immediately and very quickly stop bleeding in a person, as well as reduce swelling and create balance in the body, it is required to make special pressure bandages in the wound area, this can be done using non-synthetic material, although it is best to take the most ordinary bandage, which will sterile and fairly clean.

Thanks to timely and rational treatment, as well as regular wound management, it is possible to quickly heal light and even medium wounds at home.

Only here it is required to know all the rules of care and be able to distinguish dry wounds from wet ones, which determines the correct choice of the most effective means of healing. Traditionally, this home treatment consists of regular routine dressings using the special tools required to quickly heal wounds.

If your wound healing is slow and too long, then you need to consult a surgeon who will explain the reasons for this phenomenon. You should also visit a specialist periodically so that he can change the treatment regimen in a timely manner.

What is required for home treatment:

1. Pure oilcloth
2. Hand antiseptics
3. Hand soap
4. Clean good towel
5. Alcohol-containing solution for treatment around the wound, iodine, brilliant green, etc.
6. Antiseptic aqueous solution, miramistin, hydrogen peroxide, furatsilin
7. Be sure to buy tweezers and scissors, which must be treated with an antiseptic
8. Medicines for treatment
9. Dressing material, i.e. gauze and bandage, as well as means for fixing the bandage

Before home dressing, you should wash your hands very carefully, wiping them with a clean special towel, then you need to lay out everything required for treatment on oilcloth. Now you can remove the bandage from the wound and then wash your hands again after treating them with an alcohol solution, be sure to put on sterile gloves to treat the wound.

Now the napkin is removed to cover the wound, and if it sticks, then it is better to first moisten it with a solution of a conventional antiseptic, the best option is hydrogen peroxide.

It’s bad to tear off the napkin right away, let it first get wet thoroughly and thoroughly, and when the napkin has already been removed, treat it with an alcohol antiseptic around the wound itself.

When the napkin has already been removed from the wound, the state of the wound itself should be determined., that is, whether it is wet or dry, the healing process should be rationally checked each time.

When the napkin and bandages are removed, it is required to use means for healing, gels and jelly are taken for a wet wound, and a special ointment for a dry one. Such treatments and dressings need to be done 1-2 times daily, preferably in the morning and then at the end of the day., only high-quality products and effective cell growth stimulants should be used here.

When making such home therapeutic dressings, attention should be paid to such criteria as the size of the wound and its depth, while healing, it should slowly decrease in size.

You should pay attention to the change in the amount of discharge from the wound, as well as its smell and necessarily color, it should not deepen and increase. Also here you should check your feelings, the pain should gradually go away, and the treatment should give a slow and sure result.

Temperature change, general chills and lack of results, skin redness and swelling is a reason to consult a doctor for advice.

Pharmaceutical products for the rapid healing of wounds of various types

Each person encounters various wounds and abrasions many times in his life, from childhood, when preschool children often have knocked knees and other injuries, to an adult who, although rarely, receives injuries of various levels at work.

For young people and adults, such injuries can often occur both at work and just at home in everyday life, making repairs in an apartment or preparing food. It is because of such a common cause that every home should have remedies for treating wounds, and they should be treated immediately, since infection can get there.

There are many pharmaceutical remedies that can help a person recover faster and improve their health after injury.

Pharmacy best remedies:

1. Solcoseryl. Solcoseryl is a modern unique remedy, which is most often recommended by doctors for the very rapid healing of various abrasions and wounds in humans. The main and active component here is calf blood extract, that is, deproteinized hemoderivative, required to stimulate collagen synthesis in cells, which is required for rapid wound healing. Solcoseryl was created by scientists from Switzerland, and it is produced in two forms of release, that is, a gel for a fresh wound and an ointment for wounds already covered with a crust, which is required to protect against microbes. The tool will accelerate the regeneration of normal tissues at each stage of healing, can be used to treat abrasions and wounds, ulcers and others.
2. Actovegin. It is an analogue of Solcoseryl, the main component here is the same biological unique composition that was taken from calf blood. It is made in two substances, that is, a gel for a deep ordinary wound and an ointment, which is required for wounds already with a closed injured area. Such a wonderful modern unique drug is used both for abrasions and wounds, and as a means of protection against blood stasis and venous diseases in humans. Gel and ointment are required to be used once a day under gauze or bandage bandages, it is forbidden to use nursing mothers.

1. Levomekol. It is a classic unique remedy already known to many in the world, in Russia Levomekol has long won trust, as it perfectly heals wounds and also serves as an antibiotic. Such a remedy is effective for the treatment of purulent wounds, it is used for skin inflammations, trophic ulcers and eczema, burns of the 1st degree. The ointment is definitely available in every surgical room, where it is used immediately after operations, since this tool serves to easily and quickly heal the edges of the wound, even if it fester. It is used 1-3 times a day, the remedy is without restriction in use, and you can buy it in the form of an ointment of 40 grams, which costs up to 90 rubles in a pharmacy.

1. Eplan. A unique and effective anti-infective agent with a wide spectrum of general action, belongs to the universal ones, reduces the healing time. The remedy has many qualities, it can anesthetize and remove puffiness, it is used at every stage of the treatment of abrasions and wounds. It can also be used for burns and frostbite, it can even be suitable for microbial eczema, herpes, treatment of genital warts and various skin diseases. It is usually made in the form of a solution and a cream, also in the pharmacy there are soaked gauze wipes and special antiseptic wipes, the ointment costs up to 180 rubles.

1. Baneotion. The tool can be sold in the form of an ointment or powder, quickly forms crusts for small and medium wounds, the composition here is complex, contains antibiotics. It can be used immediately after receiving a wound, only the powder should be used first, and only then the Baneocyon ointment itself can be used together with Lanolin. A modern ointment and a special powder are used to treat folliculitis and ulcers, as well as eczema, they can treat the navel of children, this ointment costs up to 270 rubles in pharmacies.

Folk remedies for quick healing

Wounds, that is, various damage to human tissues and skin with shallow depth and slight bleeding, can be treated at home, while a deep wound requires the help of specialists.

As soon as a wound has appeared, it must immediately be treated with a special solution for disinfection, and you can also use water for this, only it must be boiled before that.

Then, around the wound itself, the edges should be lubricated; this can be done a solution of ordinary iodine or alcohol, now it is only possible to treat this wound in different ways, of which there are a lot.

The simplest and most effective methods of treatment:

1. Celandine leaves it is required to knead thoroughly and then apply directly to the wound, it is best to use fresh leaves, and if there are only dry ones, then they should be steamed first.
2. The roots of celandine and burdock are taken in an amount of 30 grams, and after that the mixture is poured with 100 ml of sunflower oil, then this mixture must be boiled over low heat for 15 minutes and then strained well. The mixture is used to lubricate wounds 2-3 times daily for 12-15 days.
3. Eucalyptus leaves in the amount of 50 grams it is required to pour 0.5 l of boiling water, and then this mixture is boiled for about 3-5 minutes on average, now the mixture is filtered and 2 l.st. honey. The tool is used for baths and lotions, do it daily for 12-14 days or more.
4. Can be used to treat severe wounds liquid honey, which is taken in equal proportions with spermaceti, you can also add 10% calendula ointment. Various honey ointments are excellent for treating mild to moderate wounds, and the ointment is also used to prepare a person for a major operation.
5. Grass cudweed taken in the amount of 1 tbsp. and poured with boiling water, the mixture should stand for 30 minutes, and then you need to strain it and add another spoonful of honey. Then the mixture is thoroughly mixed, after which it can only be taken orally, 1 tbsp. daily 3 times before meals.
6. crushed root ordinary bean parnolistnika is mixed with vegetable oil, as well as lard or lamb, used as an ointment.
7. Is taken 50 g of rhizome of pharmacy kupena, and then crushed and poured with 0.5 l of water, the mixture is boiled for 20 minutes, and after cooling it can be used as a lotion and compress for a bleeding or ordinary wound. It is required to work carefully, since the plant is classified as slightly poisonous, so it is forbidden to use it inside.
8. Resin is collected from a coniferous tree, which is then melted and mixed with cow's butter in a ratio of 1: 1 exactly, such a balm should be used to cover the wound twice daily.
9. Birch buds must be defended in 0.5 liters of vodka, after 3 days the composition is used for processing. Prepare a whole remedy in a different way, crushed birch buds should be mixed with 2 parts of butter, the resulting ointment is used to treat the wound every day.

Precautionary measures

A large number of different injuries are accompanied by general bleeding, which entails the loss of large volumes of blood and infection.

It is required to know that only small and medium-sized wounds can be treated on their own, when their width does not exceed 1 cm, otherwise the help of a specialist is required. If you forget to do timely wound treatment, this will lead to anaerobic and pyogenic infections, and will also cause tetanus and even hepatitis.

Infection can then lead to abscesses and cellulitis, lymphadenitis and lymphangitis, as well as sepsis, erysipelas, gas gangrene, and so on. The patient should also be injected with tetanus toxoid, and also requires toxoid and various vitamins, plasma and gamma globulin.

The basic principle of the treatment of open wounds is to restore the regenerative function of the skin - nature is arranged in such a way that skin cells are able to self-repair under certain conditions. But this is possible only if there are no dead cells at the site of injury - this is the essence of the treatment of open wounds.

Stages of treatment of open wounds

Treatment of open wounds in any case involves the passage of three stages - primary self-cleaning, inflammation and granulation tissue repair.

Primary self-cleaning

As soon as a wound occurs and bleeding opens, the vessels begin to narrow sharply - this allows the formation of a platelet clot, which will stop the bleeding. Then the narrowed vessels expand sharply. The result of such a "work" of the blood vessels will be a slowdown in blood flow, an increase in the permeability of the walls of the vessels and a progressive swelling of the soft tissues.

It was found that such a vascular reaction leads to the cleansing of damaged soft tissues without the use of any antiseptic agents.

Inflammatory process

This is the second stage of the wound process, which is characterized by increased swelling of the soft tissues, the skin turns red. Together, bleeding and inflammation provoke a significant increase in the number of leukocytes in the blood.

Tissue repair by granulation

This stage of the wound process can also begin against the background of inflammation - there is nothing pathological in this. The formation of granulation tissue begins directly in the open wound, as well as along the edges of the open wound and along the surface of the closely located epithelium.

Over time, granulation tissue degenerates into connective tissue, and this stage will be considered completed only after a stable scar forms at the site of the open wound.

Distinguish between the healing of an open wound by primary and secondary intention. The first option for the development of the process is possible only if the wound is not extensive, its edges are brought close to each other and there is no pronounced inflammation at the site of injury. And secondary tension occurs in all other cases, including purulent wounds.

Features of the treatment of open wounds depend only on how intensively the inflammatory process develops, how badly the tissues are damaged. The task of doctors is to stimulate and control all the above stages of the wound process.

Primary treatment in the treatment of open wounds

Before the victim seeks professional medical help, he must thoroughly wash the wound with antiseptic agents - this will be a complete disinfection of the open wound. To minimize the risk of wound infection during treatment, hydrogen peroxide, furatsilin, a solution of potassium permanganate or chlorhexidine should be used. Around the wound, the skin is treated with brilliant green or iodine - this will prevent the spread of infection and inflammation. A sterile dressing is applied on top of the open wound after the described treatment.

It is on how correctly the initial cleaning of the open wound was carried out that the speed of its healing depends. If a patient comes to the surgeon with stab, incised, lacerated open wounds, then a specific surgical treatment is mandatory for him. Such a deep cleaning of the wound from dead tissues and cells will accelerate the healing process.

As part of the primary treatment of an open wound, the surgeon removes foreign bodies, blood clots, excised uneven edges and crushed tissues. Only after that, the doctor will suture, which will bring the edges of the open wound closer, but if the gaping wound is too large, then the sutures are applied a little later, when the edges begin to recover and the wound heals. After such treatment, a sterile bandage is applied to the injury site.

Note: in most cases, a patient with an open wound is given anti-tetanus serum, and if the wound was formed after an animal bite, a rabies vaccine.

The entire described process of treating an open wound reduces the risk of infection and the development of complications (sepsis, gangrene, suppuration), and accelerates the healing process. If the treatment was carried out on the first day after the injury, then no complications and serious consequences are expected.

How to treat a weeping open wound

If an excessive amount of sero-fibrous exudate is present in an open wound, then surgeons will take steps to treat the open weeping wound. In general, such abundant secretions have a beneficial effect on the healing rate - they additionally clean the open wound, but at the same time, the task of specialists is to reduce the amount of exudate secretion - this will improve blood circulation in the smallest vessels (capillaries).

When treating weeping open wounds, it is important to change sterile dressings frequently. And during this procedure, it is important to use a solution of furacilin or sodium hypochlorite, or treat the wound with liquid antiseptics (miramistin, okomistin and others).

To reduce the amount of serous-fibrous exudate released, surgeons use dressings with 10% aqueous sodium chloride solution. With this treatment, the bandage must be changed at least 1 time in 4-5 hours.

A weeping open wound is also treated with the use of antimicrobial ointments - the most effective will be streptocid ointment, Mafenide, Streptonitol, Fudisin gel. They are applied either under a sterile dressing or on a swab, which is used to treat an open weeping wound.

Xeroform or Baneocin powder is used as a drying agent - they have antimicrobial, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties.

How to treat an open festering wound

It is an open purulent wound that is most difficult to treat - it is impossible to prevent the spread of purulent exudate to healthy tissues. To do this, the usual dressing turns into a mini-operation - it is necessary to remove the accumulated pus from the wound with each treatment, most often drainage systems are installed so that the pus is provided with a constant outflow. Each treatment, except for the indicated additional measures, is accompanied by the introduction into the wound antibacterial solutions- for example, Dimexide. To stop the necrotic process in an open wound and remove pus from it, specific agents are used in surgery - Trypsin or Chymopsin powders. A suspension is prepared from these powders by mixing them with novocaine and / or sodium chloride, and then sterile wipes are impregnated with the resulting agent and filled directly into the cavity of an open purulent wound. In this case, the bandage changes once a day, in some cases, medical wipes can be left in the wound for two days. If a purulent open wound is characterized by a deep and wide cavity, then these powders are poured directly into the wound, without the use of sterile wipes.

In addition to such a thorough surgical treatment of an open purulent wound, the patient must be prescribed antibacterial drugs (antibiotics) orally or by injection.

Features of the treatment of purulent open wounds:

1. After cleaning the open wound from pus, Levosin ointment is injected directly into the cavity. This drug has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects.
2. For medicinal dressings in the treatment of an open wound with purulent contents, Levomikol ointment and Synthomycin liniment can be used.
3. Baneocin ointment will be most effective in the treatment of open wounds with identified Staphylococcus aureus, Nitacid ointment - in the treatment of wounds with diagnosed anaerobic bacteria, Dioxidine ointment generally refers to a universal remedy - is effective in most types of infections, including against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and gangrene pathogens.
4. Most often, in the treatment of open purulent wounds, surgeons use ointments based on polyethylene oxide; modern medicine refuses vaseline / lanolin in this case.
5. Vishnevsky's ointment helps to get rid of pus in an open wound - it dissolves infiltrates, and increases blood flow in the wound. This drug is applied directly to the wound cavity 1-2 times a day.
6. When treating a patient with an open purulent wound in a medical institution, immunotherapy is mandatory and detoxification therapy is carried out.
7. Ultrasound or liquid nitrogen may be used to speed up the wound healing process in the hospital.

Creams and ointments for treating wounds at home

If the damage is minor, there is no extensive cavity, then such open wounds can be treated at home with the help of various ointments. What experts recommend to use:

1. Salicylic ointment. This tool belongs to the category of antibacterial. First you need to treat the wound with hydrogen peroxide, then apply Salicylic ointment directly to the wound and cover everything with a sterile bandage. In the same way, you can use ichthyol ointment.
2. streptocide. This tool is used only for superficial damage. If there are Streptocide tablets in the first-aid kit, then they need to be crushed and covered with a wound. Many people use special BF medical glue for superficial wounds, but this is wrong - treatment with the indicated drug is a mandatory procedure.
3. Balm Rescuer. When it is applied to the wound, a thin film is formed, so doctors remind you that before using this balm, you must rinse the open wound with hydrogen peroxide.
4. Solcoseryl. It is available in the form of an ointment - it is applied to a dry open wound, and in the form of a jelly - it is used in the treatment of weeping open wounds.
5. Heparin ointment, Troxevasin ointment, Dolobene gel. They are used in the presence of a bruise, an extensive hematoma at the site of an open wound. It is applied directly to the skin, quickly relieves swelling and hyperemic areas.
6. Cream Eplan. It is made on the basis of polyethylene glycols, has antibacterial and disinfectant properties. The use of this tool significantly reduces the risk of infection of open wounds.

Folk remedies for open wounds

If the wound is not wide and deep, then some folk remedies can be used to speed up its healing. The most popular, safe and effective include:

• an aqueous solution of propolis - perfectly helps with weeping open wounds;
• a decoction based on chamomile flowers, eucalyptus leaves, garden raspberry twigs, calendula flowers, St. John's wort, heather, elecampane, yarrow, calamus root and comfrey;
• a remedy made from aloe juice, sea buckthorn oil and rosehip oil (everything is mixed in equal proportions) is effective in the treatment of shallow open and dry wounds.

Note: before using folk remedies in the treatment of open wounds, you must make sure that the victim is not allergic to any of these medicinal plants.

It is best to entrust the treatment of open wounds to professionals - surgeons will be able to determine the beginning of the development of the infectious process in time, and select an effective treatment. If a decision is made to dispense with therapy at home, then it is necessary to carefully monitor the condition of the victim. In the event of an elevated body temperature, pain at the site of injury of unknown etiology, it is urgent to seek professional medical help - it is quite possible that a dangerous infectious process is progressing in the wound.

Tsygankova Yana Alexandrovna, medical observer, therapist of the highest qualification category

Why is it necessary to treat even small abrasions?
Abrasions, scratches, cuts, burns, no matter how minor they are, require immediate treatment. Otherwise, an infection can get into them and they will have to be treated for a long time and seriously.

Everyone needs to know: wounds treated in the first hour or two suppurate earlier and heal faster than those treated much later.

The issue of treatment is most acute in cases where soil, animal or human excrement gets into the wound, when using non-sterile dressing material to dress an open wound. Moreover, the wound does not have to be deep. - puncture, splinter, abrasion (for example, on the foot), cut, bite, open fracture, as well as frostbite and burns can become the entrance gate for infection. With such pollution, there is a danger of anaerobic microbes entering the thickness of damaged tissues (they do not need air for life), which can cause both tetanus and gas gangrene. It is very dangerous for human life!

Why not use antibiotics?
Antibiotics are not used for both primary and post-treatment of the wound! They act only on the bacterial flora, while the wound can contain bacterial, fungal, and mixed microflora. In all these cases, antiseptics are used to treat wounds. They can act not only on bacteria, but also on viruses and fungi, on a tubercle bacillus. In addition, it is to antiseptics that microbes develop resistance worse.

How to use antiseptics correctly?
Antiseptics do not accelerate wound healing, they only eliminate microbes - factors that slow down the process of tissue regeneration: they take away oxygen and nutrients from the cells responsible for wound healing. You also need to know that improper use of an antiseptic can slow down healing, so each of them has a specific role in each of the phases of the wound process.

What are the most common antiseptics for treating wounds, and how to use them correctly?

Hydrogen peroxide. For the treatment of wounds, only 3% of its concentration is used (6% causes a severe burn of the skin, only sterile instruments are stored in it). It is an excellent tool for primary wound treatment: with the foam that forms during its application, dirt particles, dead cells, and so on are mechanically removed. Shows minimal bactericidal effect. It can treat wounds both on the surface of the skin and on the mucous membranes. It is worth knowing how to treat a wound with hydrogen peroxide without causing a skin burn. It is also used for subsequent treatments of purulent wounds or those in which there is a high probability of the appearance of anaerobic flora. It is better to treat the wound with a pulsating stream of peroxide, and do not apply to the wound surface, after moistening gauze or cotton wool with it. Wetting the bandage on the wound with peroxide contributes to its less painful removal from it.
Hydrogen peroxide should not be used on healing wounds. - it causes a burn of young scar cells, which slows down the regeneration process. Also it is not used for deep wounds and is not injected into body cavities.
The wound cannot be treated simultaneously with peroxide and acidic or alkaline compounds, as well as with penicillin. When potassium iodide reacts with hydrogen peroxide, free iodine is released. One significant point: hydrogen peroxide is very sensitive to storage in the light - its antibacterial properties are inactivated during the day, especially if the container with it stood open. You can store open peroxide in the refrigerator, where light does not fall for about a month, closed - 2 years at a temperature of 8-15 ° C.

Furacilin aqueous solution (an alcohol solution of furatsilina is used mainly for the treatment of purulent inflammation of the ear). It is bought either in pharmacies where there is a prescription department (where they can still prepare medicine from components written by a doctor), or in the form of tablets in any pharmacy, then the solution is prepared independently: 10 tablets are dissolved in 1 liter of hot water, and then the resulting liquid is cooled.Them treat wounds both on the skin and on the mucous membranes, watering the wound with a thin stream . Its also can be applied to a dry dressing on a wound to make it easier to remove. Furacilin solution is used and for the primary treatment of the wound, and with the danger of its suppuration, as well as with suppuration. The finished solution is good for about 14 days, but you need to store it in a dark glass jar and at a temperature of 8-15 ° C, in a place protected from light.

Alcohol. At a concentration of 40 to 70%, it exhibits disinfectant properties, above 70% - tanning. Not applied to mucous membranes . Ethyl alcohol the edges of the wound are processed, previously washed at the stage of primary treatment . After that, a second antiseptic is applied - a dye (brilliant green, iodine) and a sterile bandage is applied to the wound.

Chlorhexidine digluconate. Produced in the form of a solution. It has a fairly wide spectrum of action: it affects not only bacteria, but also viruses, protozoa and fungi. It is used for primary treatment of wounds after it has been cleaned with hydrogen peroxide, and for the treatment of purulent wounds . For this, it is not necessary to use a large amount of it, a few milliliters are enough, which are drawn into a syringe, from which the wound is watering.

Potassium permanganate. A weak solution of this powder in saline (it should be barely pink) is used to wash wounds (both on the skin and mucous membranes) as both primary processing and festering, especially in the case when there is a danger of anaerobic microorganisms entering the wound. Before washing the wounds, you need to prepare a fresh solution each time.

Iodine. Available as an alcohol solution. I'm being treated only the edges of the wound so as not to cause burns. Do not use iodine with increased sensitivity to iodine, increased thyroid function, thyroid adenoma, dermatitis, kidney disease.

Zelenka. This is an alcohol-based antiseptic coloring solution. I'm being treated only the edges of the wounds, without getting on damaged tissue. Has a drying effect. Applies before the period when fresh scar tissue begins to appear in the wound , and even more so they try not to get on it, so as not to burn it and not slow down the healing process.

Fukortsin. Coloring antiseptic. Can be applied on the edge of the both on the skin and on mucous membranes . It has a less drying effect than brilliant green and iodine. In the treatment of wounds, it is used much less frequently than they are.

Read more about first aid:

Minor skin injuries are one of the most numerous types of household injuries. These wounds do not require specialized medical attention and usually heal on their own. Proper initial treatment of the injury site will help speed up the healing process and prevent complications.

In the case of minor injuries, the initial wound treatment is performed right on the spot. Just need to correctly assess the severity of the damage.

What is the difference between a scratch, abrasion, cut?

Scratch- this is a small wound, damage to the surface layer of the skin in the form of a narrow strip. You can get scratched on a protruding nail, a chip, the edge of a table or chair, not a very sharp tool. Scratching leads to minor capillary bleeding.

Abrasion- superficial damage to the skin over a certain area. This area is deprived of the epidermis - the upper epithelial layer of the skin. Abrasions are most often formed from skin friction on a rough object - asphalt, concrete, coarse fabric. The abrasion may be bloodless or be accompanied by minor capillary bleeding.

A cut- more serious damage with a sharp object or tool (glass shard, knife, razor). Unlike an abrasion, a cut penetrates the entire depth of the skin, including subcutaneous tissue, and sometimes even deeper tissues. Cuts can be accompanied by profuse bleeding, including from large vessels. Cuts of fingers, palms, feet are very dangerous - tendons can be damaged. Cuts in the abdomen and back can be a penetrating wound requiring immediate surgical treatment.

Any cut with signs of arterial or venous bleeding, a cut in the abdomen and back deeper than a few millimeters, cuts on the fingers, palms and feet with impaired motor function require emergency measures to stop the bleeding and deliver the victim to a medical facility.

How to treat scratches, abrasions, cuts?

Minor cuts, abrasions and scratches can be treated on your own. For this, they are used antiseptics- medicines capable of destroying microorganisms or preventing and inhibiting their growth. The range of common antiseptics is quite wide and includes both old, well-known, and modern drugs.

Brilliant green ("brilliant green") 10 ml - 10 rubles.

Chemically, it is tetraethyl-4,4-diaminotriphenylmethane oxalate and is one of the aniline dyes. It is rarely used for its intended coloring purpose, but as an antiseptic, anyone in Russia knows it. It is most commonly used as a 1% or 2% alcohol solution, although aqueous solutions with concentrations ranging from 0.1% to 2% are also found. It is used to treat the edges of wounds, retains an antimicrobial effect for a long time, does not have a hemostatic effect. It is curious that it is not used anywhere, except for Russia and the countries of the former USSR, although it is known and even approved for use in some places. Well, Western medicine does not like painted patients.

Iodine solution 10 ml - 15 rubles.

Iodine in the form of a 5% alcohol solution is widely used to treat wound edges. By the way, the common pronunciation of “iodine” (through Y) is incorrect and does not correspond to either the pharmacy name of the drug or the chemical nomenclature. Iodine is quite effective, it destroys almost all major pathogenic microorganisms and even their spores, but it often causes allergic reactions and does not have a hemostatic effect. Recently, iodine as an antiseptic is used less and less, replacing it with other drugs.

Chlorhexidine bigluconate (chlorhexidine) 100 ml - 15 rubles.

A 0.05-0.1% aqueous solution of chlorhexidine bigluconate is used to disinfect both the surface of the skin around the wound and the cuts, abrasions, and scratches themselves. Due to its low toxicity, chlorhexidine is useful for washing wounds in the oral cavity. Does not have a hemostatic effect.

Hydrogen peroxide (hydrogen peroxide) 100 ml - 10 rubles.

Hydrogen peroxide (3% aqueous solution) can be used to wash small wounds as an antiseptic and hemostatic agent. Prolonged use is not recommended as it increases healing time and may lead to scarring.

Modern antiseptic drugs such as miramistin, octeniman, octeniderm, octenisept are more efficient and convenient, but also much more expensive. For example, a 50 ml bottle of Miramistin costs about 150 rubles, and the same amount of octanisept costs more than 200 rubles. Therefore, with small cuts, scratches and abrasions, their acquisition is hardly advisable. But if these funds are present in the home medicine cabinet, then you can use them for disinfection without any fear.

How to properly treat wounds?

Proper treatment of cuts, scratches and abrasions significantly speeds up the healing time and prevents the occurrence of complications.

• small injuries do not threaten life and health, so there is no need to panic and aggravate the situation by trying to help with dirty hands. Nothing terrible will happen in a few minutes of washing your hands. A little bleeding will by itself remove most of the debris from the wound.
• scratches and abrasions with minor bleeding (small droplets that do not flow down the skin) can be completely washed with clean water or antiseptic preparations (chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide, miramistin, octeniman, octeniderm, octenisept) and completely lubricated with a solution of iodine or brilliant green. It is better not to apply a bandage, it heals faster in the air. If there is a possibility of contamination, then you can apply a loose bandage from a sterile bandage or seal it with a bactericidal patch.
• more intense bleeding, but without signs of arterial or venous, should be stopped independently. To do this, the cut is washed with clean water, the edges of the wound are treated with a solution of iodine or brilliant green, and a pressure bandage is applied from a sterile bandage. Under the bandage directly on the damaged surface, you can apply a napkin or swab moistened with hydrogen peroxide.

Deep wounds with profuse bleeding, especially with signs of arterial bleeding, deep cuts with damage to muscles and tendons should not be treated. After providing emergency assistance to stop bleeding (strong pressure, tight bandage, tourniquet), the victim must be provided with qualified medical care.

Signs of dangerous bleeding and first aid can be seen in this video.