Emotional conclusion appeal to listeners examples. Techniques that allow you to evoke an emotional response from the listener. I. Checking homework

Irina Bulatova

NEW YEAR'S CELEBRATION

Screenplay based on the fairy tale by E. T. A. Hoffmann

"The Nutcracker and the Mouse King"

in the preparatory group

Characters: 2nd children of the leading, Marie, Nutcracker,

Mouse King and Mice, Soldiers and Dolls,

ice floes; Chocolates, Sultan and his retinue,

Gingerbread men.

The script used the music of composers - classics:

P. I. Tchaikovsky from the ballet "The Nutcracker", S. S. Prokofiev, F. Mendelssohn, J. Bizet.

MUSIC SOUNDS "OVERTURE" by P. I. Tchaikovsky from the ballet "The Nutcracker",

Children enter the hall, examine its decoration, read poetry,

lead a round dance.

MUSIC "MARCH" SOUNDS from the ballet "The Nutcracker",

the 2nd presenters come out, imitate the game on the bugles:

1 Host: Let's start the New Year's carnival, masks mysteriously flicker!

We invite you today to a wonderful, wonderful fairy tale!

2 Lead: Right from behind the Christmas tree, the breeze blew,

The magic has come - the Fairy has appeared!

MUSIC SOUNDS "WINTER FAIRY" by S. S. Prokofiev, the Fairy comes out:

I am a Fairy! Did you recognize me? I came to visit guys

And in this shiny box I brought gifts for you!

I'll touch a magic wand here and there

And immediately all the gifts in the box will come to life!

Silver Icicles quietly ring,

They want to get to the New Year's fairy tale!

ICE DANCE

2nd LEADING OUT

1 Presenter: In the New Year, toys come to life, brave Soldiers walk

2 Presenter: Well, the Dolls also can’t sit still, I want them to have fun too!

DANCE OF SOLDIERS AND DOLLS

After all, our whole fairy tale is yet to come (waves her wand)

MUSIC SOUNDS, MARIE RUNS OUT and DANCES:

How the Christmas tree is lit with lights, how many guests are in our hall!

Everyone calls me simply - Marie, I want to have fun with you!

How many toys have you been given and this box hasn't been opened yet?

Fairy: Be careful with her, Marie,

Do you want to know who is inside - Here, look (waves his wand)

MUSIC SOUNDS, THE NUTCRACKER COMES OUT

Marie: It's the Nutcracker, how beautiful he is!

Very brave and very strong!

These are miracles - the Nutcracker is alive! You look - that's what he is!

(looks from all angles)

But, you hear... There is such a rustle and noise here!

Fairy: The Mouse King has come to visit!

MUSIC SOUNDS, MICE DANCING and out

MOUSE KING

Mouse King: Have you seen my nimble kids?

And I am their King, I am the King of all Mice!

People don’t like us, they don’t invite us to the ball, and they have been waging wars with the Mice for a long time!

What, scared of me, the King? It's time to get even with you!

I will ruin your holiday, Marie, and I will break your toys!

Well, the Nutcracker is in my teeth, I will gnaw it in half in an instant!

Nutcracker: Don't be afraid, Marie, I'm with you! Come on, Soldiers into battle!

Dolls, and you do not yawn, all step on the enemy!

Cold, Icicles, blow your own, together we will defeat the enemy together!

THE BATTLE OF THE NUTCRACKER WITH THE MOUSE ARMY

THE FAIRY COMES OUT, turns to Marie:

Together you were able to defeat the mice, for this I want to reward you now!

You made friends with the Nutcracker, Marie! He became a prince - look!

MUSIC "WEDDING MARCH" by F. Mendelssohn,

The Prince comes out, takes Marie by the hand and solemnly walks with her through the hall.

Nutcracker: The ball continues, the shooters run!

Soon the clock will strike us "12"!

But, why, I ask you a question, Santa Claus has not come to us yet?

How long do we have to wait for it? We urgently need to call him!

Children call Santa Claus, he comes, congratulates children and guests on the upcoming holiday, invites children to a round dance.

Santa Claus: I know that you have all been in a fairy tale,

We won the battle with the Mice!

The Nutcracker is now the Master of Sweets -

Meets guests in his Kingdom!

(The Nutcracker comes out, bows to Santa Claus)

I myself am glad of this meeting, of course, because I adore Zephyr, Marmalade

Nutcracker: Candies, Marshmallows, Lollipops, Chocolate -

We are waiting for you today at the masquerade ball!

Santa Claus: There is no counting of goodness in the Kingdom,

Whatever you want - everything is there!

For example, there is CHOCOLATE - a Spaniard,

Look at his beautiful dance!

SPANISH DANCE "HABANERA"

Santa Claus: So beautiful and blush mischievous fellows!

Russian dance will be shown by gingerbread daredevils!

RUSSIAN DANCE "TREPAK"

Santa Claus: And now, dear friends, I will present another surprise!

This is black COFFEE - a gift from the East, arrived from faraway Arabia!

ORIENTAL DANCE "COFFEE"

MARIE COMES OUT: Grandfather, your holiday is the New Year!

Very soon he will come to us!

Santa Claus: With you it is joyful for me to sing and dance,

And now, friends, let's play!

Santa Claus spends games with children and parents,

Children thank D. M. and perform a New Year's song.

Santa Claus: You had fun and danced! All they could do was show!

And now - Marshmallows, Marmalades, Caramels, Lollipops and Chocolates,

I will treat you with other gifts - snowy, frosty, mine!

CLAPS, HORSE HOOVES SOUND

(music from the film "Morozko")

Santa Claus: Hey ... They brought my magic sleigh

Nutcracker

(Christmas performance based on the fairy tale by E.T.A. Hoffmann)

CHARACTERS
1. Host

2. Watchmaker (Christopher Afanasyevich), Gosha Vershinin, Denis Chaly

3. Lisa - Lisa Grebennikova

4. Mitya - Misha Yushchenko

5. Mom– Sanya Telenkova

6. Masha– Anya Ryzhova

8. Katya - Nastya

9. Guests - children 2 gr + Youth

10. Christmas decorations- bells

11. Flowers - Ksyusha Sokolova, Sanya Lazareva, Ksyusha Mandrugina, etc. 2 gr

12. Nutcracker– Petya Sokolov

13. Clown– Vanya Grebennikov

14. chimney sweep- Savva Yushchenko

15. New doll - Sonya Ryzhova,

16. Old doll - Arina

17. Inkwell - Nadya Lazareva,

18. Mouse King - Vlad, Gosha

19. Mice: girls. and 2grKsyusha Kochergina, Ksyusha Sokolova, Sanya Lazareva, Nastya Kaivanova, Ulyana, Martha

20. Cat - Anya Grebennikova

21. Tin soldiers - boys 1 and 2 gr.

22. Little dolls - girls 1 gr

23. Pupa - Dasha and Masha

24. Son of the Mouse King– Fedya Kochergin
Nutcracker
Scene I. Curtain. Scenery: street of a provincial town, clock face
Leading: In a small provincial town, all residents are absorbed in the pre-holiday Christmas fuss. The smell of almond cakes comes from the confectionery shops, Christmas decorations shine on the windows. The houses are decorated with lanterns, so the streets are as bright as day. Janitors and janitors scrape the snow on the streets, vendors sell delicious fragrant jam. How much work all the inhabitants of the city have on this day! But the most important thing is the work of a watchmaker, because the clock on Christmas night must run accurately. By the way, the watchmaker should be told in more detail.

Everyone in the city knows him, from young to old. Adults - as an adviser to city affairs and as the most skilled watchmaker. In no other city will you see clocks running so accurately and making such a melodious chime.

Children follow him in droves. And this is not surprising. Our watchmaker Khristofor Afanasyevich, despite his venerable age and important work in the city council, no, no, and yes, he will fall into some kind of story that will definitely turn out to be magical. Before Christmas, as everyone in the city knows, he does not leave his workshop for several days and nights in a row - after all, he makes all the gifts for his little friends with his own hands. No one dares to disturb him, because everyone knows that the watchmaker is preparing something unusual: from behind the door you can hear the magical sounds of tiny hammers and nail files, you can hear tapping, ticking, indulging .... But all this remains a mystery until Christmas. What you are about to see is more like a fairy tale. Although how to find the line between a fairy tale and reality on Christmas night, when the ordinary seems wonderful, and the wonderful - the most ordinary .... Listen, Masha and Mitya are coming here, they live nearby. Probably, the guys are delivering invitations to the Christmas tree, which is arranged by their parents.
Masha and Mitya come out. The host leaves
Mitya: We must definitely find our godfather, Uncle Christopher. Without it, the holiday will not work. All the guys asked that he be sure to be.

Masha: He is not in the city administration, at the watch factory, too, and the workshop is silent. Where to look for it?
The clock strikes. Children raise their heads, a watchmaker appears from behind the scenes (on a stepladder).
Liza, Mitya: Uncle!

Watchmaker: Hello my darlings!

Masha: And we are looking for you all over the city. Mom and Dad asked you to send an invitation to our Christmas tree.

Mitya: We are all looking forward to seeing you. Mom cooks a delicious cake. We will have Petya, Liza and Katya, they also asked about you.

Watchmaker (joking, pretending to be serious, imagining): Do you know how busy I am?

Masha, Mitya (beg):Oh please…

Watchmaker (continues): Do you know what time it is in the city? And they all have to walk for sure!

Masha: Uncle Christopher! Mom asked you to come.

Mitya: If you don't come, she gets upset and gets a migraine. And the whole holiday will be upset.

Watchmaker (good-naturedly): Well, okay, okay ... I was joking. I myself look forward to this holiday every year and prepare for it for a long time. So tell your mother that I will definitely be. And of course with gifts! ( Angrily.) I'll just manage these naughty shooters! ( To children) Have you forgotten what kind of jam I like the most?

Masha: Of course, of course, remember - orange.

Mitya: Yes, how can you forget that!

Children: Well, we are waiting for you!

(Children run away. Clockmaker disappears backstage)
Scene P. The curtain opens.

Masha and Mitya's house, living room. Everything is ready for the Christmas tree.
Leading: And then the evening came. Everything is ready for the holidays. Candles burn brightly in the guest room. The smell of a Christmas goose in apples is already coming from the kitchen. Another minute - and guests will begin to gather in the house. Now the bell is ringing in the hallway ...
minuet of guests . From one side the guests enter, from the other side the hosts appear. bowing

Mother: Children, children! Look under our tree.

Petya: Yes, there is a big box with gifts!

Mother: Open quickly. For everyone there is a gift to their liking.

(Children together take out a box from under the Christmas tree, open and sort out gifts.)
Mitya: Wow! A whole regiment of soldiers! What wonderful redcoats! Look, this hussar brandishes a silver saber just like a real one!

Masha: It's a new doll! I'll call her Elsa. That will be a wonderful neighbor for my old Marie. And what a wonderful snow-white silk dress!

Petya (gets a toy horse): This is a horse so a horse! I have never seen a faster horse. I'll call it... Whirlwind! B-but, Whirlwind! ( jumps).

Lisa: And I got a clown! Look how funny he is! His name will be Bom.. Masha: let's play together.( play)

Doorbell.

Mother: This is for sure our dear Khristofor Afanasyevich!
Music. The Clockmaker enters with a large round box in his hands. Guests stand in a semicircle. The watchmaker hands the box to the first guest, who passes it on. The watchmaker performs a dance, takes the box from the last guest, hands the box to Mom, and removes the lid. In the box - a mechanical city.
Watchmaker: I am glad to see you, dear Avdotya Petrovna, in good health on this so solemn day (on this beautiful evening). Let me give you and your children this modest gift, this little trifle.

Petya: Blimey!
Guests and children surround the watchmaker, admire the mechanical city. Guests (in an undertone)

Ah, amazing!

Ah, what fine work!

And what an amazing taste!

Masha: How beautiful! This is a real puppet city with tiny puppet inhabitants! They are so dressy!

Lisa: Look at that lady's shoes over there! And the umbrella! What a cute umbrella!

Petya: And the walls with turrets! There are even iron cannons here, and soldiers are standing at the gate. They must be guarding the city.

Masha: Look, there is a ball in the palace! What courtiers!
(turns away from the toy, goes to the middle of the stage)

Lisa: I don't like this town at all. The dolls, probably, want to dance so much, and they stand as if glued.
Watchmaker: Do not worry! There is nothing easier. Now we will make it so that they can move.
Music. Number "Musical snuffbox" + Boys 2nd group.
The guests clap their hands: Bravo! Amazing! Marvelous! You, as always, surprised us!

Watchmaker: (Masha) Did you like it?

Masha: Yes, very much, uncle Christopher!

Watchmaker: Shh! That's not all! My dolls themselves want to congratulate you.
Dolls (students of the 1st group)

Mother: Christopher Afanasyevich! I personally, personally want to kiss you. It was amazing, just amazing! I must say, you are a real wizard.

All: Wizard! A real wizard!

(Watchmaker bows)

Thank you. And now I need to collect my town.

The children disappear behind the Clockmaker's raincoat, he hands the box with the town to his mother.

Mother: (Guests.) And now I invite you all to the dining room, where the samovar has been smoking for a long time. (Everyone goes.)

Mother: (to children) Ah, wait, Khristofor Afanasyevich! Masha, Mitya! You forgot, because we have prepared something for our guest. ( He takes out a jar of orange jam. Masha and Mitya give jam to the watchmaker.)

Watchmaker: It's... orange jam, my favorite! I don't know how to thank you

for such attention. You pleased me! Oh, I forgot! Perhaps I have one more unpretentious little thing for you. ( gets a nutcracker).

Children: What's this?

Watchmaker: This is a nutcracker. He will work hard for you. His job is to carefully crack hard nuts ( pulls out a bag of nuts)

Children: Thank you Uncle Christopher.

Mother: Khristofor Afanasyevich, let's go quickly, otherwise we might be late for tea.

Watchmaker: Let's go, let's go.

They leave. Lisa and Mitya remain.

Mitya (takes the Nutcracker): Fu, what an ugly! The head is huge, and the mouth is up to the ears. And what short legs! Haha!

Masha: But he has such kind eyes! Just look - he glows with good nature.

Mitya: Come on, give it here. Now let's see what it's good for. ( Pulls out a nut.) This is a nut so a nut! Come on: one, two, three ... ( The nut cracks, the nutcracker breaks). Look, two of his teeth flew out at once. Weakling! He takes nuts to crack, but his own teeth are no good. It doesn't matter if the others break too! There is nothing to stand on ceremony with him, a loafer!

Masha: (selects the Nutcracker): No no! I will not give you my dear Nutcracker. You are evil, you beat your horses, and you even let the soldiers kill each other.

Mitya: It's supposed to be, you don't understand. Well, play with your Nutcracker, please. And I'll go in command of my new soldiers.
Masha sits down on the step at the edge of the stage, bandaging the Nutcracker's jaw. Sad music.

Masha:: Don't be angry with him, Nutcracker. He didn't do it on purpose. Mitya actually has a kind and loving heart. If I get into trouble, he will go to rescue me with the whole squadron of his hussars. I will take care of you and ask Uncle Christopher to cure you - You know how well he can fix toys. In the meantime, settle down on this shelf, here you will be comfortable and no one will offend you. And you, dear Elsa, will now live next door to Marie. This is my old doll. She really doesn't fit in anywhere. She has become so clumsy and constantly limps. Look, don't wrinkle your beautiful dress.
Music. Masha arranges dolls. Mom enters.

Mother: Mashenka, you are completely played. It was already dark outside the window, all the guests had long since left. Your dolls are already in bed, and Mitya continues to command his soldiers in a dream. Come on, I've already made you a glass of hot milk. (takes Masha away).

Masha:: Today was a wonderful evening!

Stage Sh. Curtain.

Leading: The night has come. The whole house fell asleep. Suddenly, in the room where there was a large Christmas tree, the darkness dissipated. It was the Christmas star peeking through the window. She looked straight at the Christmas decorations. Awakened by this extraordinary light, the toys stirred, tinkled and rattled like bells, and, surprised by this melodic ringing, imperceptibly swirled in a fabulous dance. The clock struck midnight. In the middle of the night, little Liza suddenly woke up and immediately remembered the broken Nutcracker. She slowly got out of the crib, crept on tiptoe to the door and looked into the next room.

The watchmaker comes out. With his back to the audience, he makes mysterious movements. Masha comes out of the hall.
Masha:: Is this a godfather? What is he doing here? After all, the guests have already left for a long time ... What are these tiny little men with him? So this is ... our Christmas decorations. A whole garland of them. What miracles! And are they all alive? Where are they headed? It looks like they're going to the nursery. I'll go and follow them.
Round dance of Christmas decorations. The curtain opens. Puppets, a clown, a chimney sweep stand motionless on the stage.
Masha:: My dolls! How big they are! Or am I the size of a toy? Of course, I heard from the nanny that the dolls come to life at night. But is it true? I'd better hide - if I scare them away, I won't know anything.

Dance of flowers 2gr.

Revival of dolls. The clown comes to life first.

Clown: Dolls! Bears! Playboys! Don't be afraid, get off the shelves. It's time for us
have fun. ( Inkwell) Hey, inkwell, are you deaf? The clock struck twelve. And if you haven’t heard, then I can repeat to you: bom, bom ... ( hits the inkwell on the head).

old doll: Oh, what bad manners! Just look at this rag jester! By the way, where did he come from? He wasn't here yesterday.

Inkwell: Let me, let me. So let's write it down: it wasn't. Did not have. ( writes down). From myself I will add: what a disgrace.

Clown: And now I'm here, and I'm in charge here. And you, empty porcelain heads, only know that you gossip. And you, inky soul, wrote down all the gossip?

Inkwell: And I'll write a slander on you. And gossip, gossip I write down only for

own pleasure. Please don't stop me from doing what I love. (Leaves).

Clown: Really needed. Better see what I can do (makes a wheel). (to the chimney sweep) And what kind of scarecrow-meow is you? How clean, ha ha ha!

chimney sweep bows ( important): Nice to meet you. I have the honor to introduce myself. I am promoted by royal grace to the court chimney sweeps of the puppet kingdom. He was awarded the golden brush and the order of the silver patch.

Clown: Don't you have a holey pants medal? Well, since you're so important, sit down.

please, Mr. Zaplatkin ( sits down the chimney sweep and removes the chair under him; chimney sweep falls). So what did you say your name is?

chimney sweep (clearing his throat): Once again, let me introduce myself ... His Majesty

royal chimney sweep, sweeper guard lieutenant colonel...

Clown (knocks the chimney sweep on the head): In short, your chimney sweep. Name and all. For example, my name is Bom - clearly and understandably. And you?

chimney sweep: I am very pleased to meet and greet you in the person of His Majesty the Royal ...

Clown: Ugh, you screwed up. Name, I tell you, your patchwork head.

chimney sweep(confused, sighing): Name? My mother called me... Silvio. Yes, Silvio.

Dolls: Silvio! Silvio! How touching! Why didn't you tell us about this before?

Chimney sweep: Here, in this house, everyone called me just a chimney sweep, and no one asked my name. So over time, I completely forgot about it. (to Clown) Bom, I thank you for helping me remember my name. Let's be friends?!

Clown: Let's ( holds out his hand). Just promise you won't be a bore. Do you want me to teach you a clever trick? Hey repeat. ( Acrobatic number. The puppets applaud.)

chimney sweep (stopping in front of a new doll): Ah, you are so beautiful. Are you a princess? Why haven't I met you before?

New doll A: I don't know anyone here either. I was just given as a gift today. But honestly, I really like it here. The whole house is arranged so nicely.

chimney sweep (bows): My name is Silvio.

New doll: Oh, how romantic! And I'm Elsa.

chimney sweep: No, you are not a princess. You are better. I wandered around the world for a long time and saw a lot

princesses. You don't look like them at all.

New doll: You say you have traveled the world a lot? How interesting.

Chimney sweep: Once I studied for a long time and dreamed of making our world a better place. I traveled a lot to different countries and everywhere I met the same thing - wars, poverty, deceit and cruelty. Once I realized that the world cannot be made happy, and then I became completely sad and decided to become a simple chimney sweep.

New doll: Are you still sad?

Chimney sweep: Now that I have met you, I feel somehow joyful. Tell me, have you ever been in love? Please don't smile, I'm seriously in love.

New doll: Hm! I don't believe in this nonsense turns his back, flirts).

Clown: Here, it seems, smells of unhappy love...

old doll: And maybe even happy! (to the new doll) Oh, my dear, how can you not know that it is not proper for a well-bred girl to get acquainted with everyone she meets. Come on, honey. Do you want me to introduce you to all the inhabitants of the doll closet myself?

(New doll curtsy). Silent approval indicates a high degree of your upbringing.

New doll: Thank you, ma'am, for taking into account my good qualities. My dress is really made of the finest material and adorned with the most expensive lace. Please note: I don't have any stains.

Clown (pulling a chimney sweep backstage): Silvio, you promised me not to be a bore, but you yourself fell in love. Than staring at their bows and bonnets, let's go, better, I'll show you another trick . (Leave)

old doll (new doll): I told you that they are not worth our attention. It is now rare to find a gallant gentleman. Except at the royal ball...

New doll: Have you been to balls?

old doll: Oh yeah. When I was just presented to my mistress, and my dress was

new, my mistress did nothing but arrange balls, at which I learned

dance well (music begins to sound). But now the frills on my dress

torn, and I myself am a little limping. But that doesn't make me dance worse.

Look, dear... Repeat after me, it will be very useful to you.

(doll dance)
Masha:: I was so unfair to my old doll. It turns out that she is so kind and dances so well. Now I will definitely sew a new dress for her.

Clown (rides on a horse). Look who I found on the far shelf. What a funny horse. He says ( bursting with laughter and almost falling) what is his name ( laughing) Vortex. And he weaves like an old horse.

The Nutcracker appears:

Nutcracker: Excuse me, but I'm tired of all these ridicule. Please behave with dignity in the company of noble dolls.

Clown: Oh-oh-oh-oh... ( derisively) Look what a scarecrow. He is still talking. Mouth to ears, all bandaged. And with such a face, so to speak, is it permissible to appear in the society of noble dolls? Should I bring you a mirror? Well, stop freaking out. Tell me who you are and where you are from. Never seen anything funnier! Haha!

Nutcracker: You can laugh at me all you want. This way you won't be able to offend me. And if you want to know my story, then listen. My youth was spent in the castle of my father, the ruler of the gingerbread kingdom, surrounded by excellent teachers and loving nannies. One day, in honor of my coming of age, the father king gave a feast and called together all the kings, princes and princes in the district. Imagine his surprise when among the guests was the disgusting king of mice, the evil Rattail. All the guests were frightened by his appearance, because the Rattail and his relatives are a terrible threat to the grain barns and (barns). Each (puppet) king is afraid of the invasion of hordes of his relatives. So, all the guests were upset and the holiday did not take place. The king, in anger, ordered the guards to drive Rattail out, and the old watchmaker received an order to urgently make a thousand mousetraps in order to exterminate all the relatives of the nasty mouse queen. The offended Rattail decided to take revenge on the king forever, and had already begun to utter the words of the spell, as I drew my sword from the scabbard to stop the evil sorcery. But the wounded Rattail, pierced by a sword, managed to finish the words of the spell and crawled away, holding the thought of revenge. The spell has turned against me. Since then, I have forever turned into the freak that you see in front of you. For a long time I wandered around the world, trying to break the spell, and finally, fate brought me to this house.

Inkwell: Let me, let me. From myself I will add: how curious it is. Just incredible even. I don't even know why I'm so curious about it. Clown: You are only interested in gossip and slander, you nasty ink barrel. Inkwell: Cotton pad! My cup of patience has run out. Beware! I'll intrigue! (leaves)

Hissing, creaking, scary music.

dolls: Mice, mice! Here come the mice! Let's hide in the doll closet!

Mice run out.

Mouse: There doesn't seem to be anyone here. You can have great fun.

Mouse: This stupid cat Vasily Kotofeevich is probably fast asleep after the gala dinner.

Song and dance of mice.

The Mouse King appears with his son.

Rattail: Go faster, son. Tonight I will make you king.

Mouse Prince: Daddy, is it very difficult to be a king?

Rattail: The king, son, is the one who never does anything. He only sleeps and eats sweet crusts that are brought to him right in bed.

Mouse prince: I really want to be king. It turns out that I have long wanted to become king.

rattail I always knew that you had an extraordinary mind, which you inherited from

grandfathers... O! What a mind it was! You are all in it!

Mouse King (Rattail) (refers to mice) Hush, mice! Someone can hear us. I want to let you in on my cunning plan. And you, with your songs and dances, are about to fall into mousetraps. You all tease the cat, but he is not dangerous to us at all. In addition, today, having eaten leftovers from the festive table, he is fast asleep. But we are in real danger. All that nasty watchmaker. It was he who flooded the city with nasty clockwork toys. Their grinding and creaking makes my teeth cramp. These toys constantly complain about me to the watchmaker. And, finally, he came up with ingenious mousetraps from which there is no escape. These mousetraps are hidden everywhere, everywhere! If we don't take possession of this house tonight, we'll all be caught. In order to carry out our plan, we must puts his finger to his mouth and starts to whisper; mice gather around her).

Inkwell: Let me, let me! I didn't catch the last word. Ugly who? Should what? Who are you calling disgusting? And who should die? Mouse King (Rattail) Ah, it's you, my old friend the glass inkwell! I appreciate your creativity so much.

Inkwell: How smart you are and how stupid everyone else is. Nobody but you understands my art. Gossip and slander - it's so wonderful. Especially gossip, it is simply impossible to break away from them. Just listen how wonderful it is: the chimney sweep has fallen in love with this porcelain fool Elsa. Imagine what will happen when they get married. That grubby chimney sweep and that nasty clean Elsa. She pretends not to notice him, and she herself only waits for him to pay attention to her.

The mice giggle.

Mouse King: Tell us something else.

Inkwell: Your Majesty! Filled with indignation, I wrote to you one request. (Gives the paper to the king.)

Mouse King: (is reading): Hm! Yes! What's a clown? He called you... an ink barrel? I myself will bite through his colored cap and order my subjects to gnaw this scoundrel into a thousand pieces.

Inkwell: Thank you Your Majesty! And then I'm just filled with inky malice. And here is another fascinating story. This hilarious toy has appeared in our house... A real freak! And everyone says that he was once a prince. So we believed him. He claims to have fought the Mouse King. Such a freak. Although everyone understands that he is only good for cracking nuts. His name is The Nutcracker.

Mouse King( Rattail): What? Nutcracker? This is my sworn enemy. How did he get here? However, it is good that fate brought me together with him today. This night we will deal with him and with these annoying dolls at the same time.

Mouseprince: Daddy, and then I'll be king?

mouse king(Rattail): Shut up, otherwise I will deprive you of a sweet crust. Well, inkwell, show me where this stupid piece of wood is?

Masha:: Don't you dare touch my Nutcracker, (throws a slipper).

mouse king(Rattail): A girl? How did she get here? Capture her! Imprison her in a dusty closet, and tangle her more tightly with cobwebs.

Masha: Why are you dragging me? Let go, let go! I'm scared and I don't want to sit next to spiders.

mouse king(Rattail): You can scream all you want. I think I saw the remains of a fat goose in the kitchen. We need to eat well before the battle.

Curtain.
Scene IV

All puppets in front of the curtain

New doll: Everything is lost.

Chimney sweep: Lisa is captured.

old doll: Now the cunning plan of the Mouse King will come true. What will happen to us?

New doll: We will all die. (All dolls whimper).

Chimney sweep: What to do? Who will save us and our mistress? After all, the Mouse King is invincible!

Clown: Wait! What did you sour like blotters? We must try to save Lisa, and not sniff.

old doll: But no one can cope with the Mouse King (Rattail).

New doll: We are all gone!

Clown: Why are you all set up - Mouse King, Mouse King .... The mouse king is one, but there are many of us!

New doll: What about mice? Did you forget about mice? As soon as she wants to, they will run from all over the city. ,

Dolls are crying We are lost, we are completely lost, no one will help us.

Clown(sits on the edge of the stage): Eh, you can’t cook porridge with you ...

old doll (to toys): Please, could you cry a little more quietly? Your crying gave me a headache, and meanwhile, very good thoughts are found in this head on this issue. In the books of our hostess, cases are described when an ordinary cat becomes a thunderstorm for entire hordes of these disgusting rodents. You just need to call for help our Kotofey Ivanovich.

Dolls: Of course! Let's hurry after him.
Scene V

Clown. Kotofey Ivanovich! Wake up! Our hostess Lisa, well known to you, was captured.

Cat: I'm fast asleep

Dolls: But Kotofey Ivanovich (-ych)

Cat: I said: I sleep sweetly ...

old doll: Can you really sleep when Lisa is suffering?

Cat: Believe me, I love my mistress no less than you. But there is a daily routine.

dolls (surprised): What is the daily routine?

Cat (instructively): And this is where it was necessary to start. (Goes out, takes a pointer, starts pacing). So, it is known that the primary source of health is the correct daily routine. When drawing up the daily routine, one must be guided exclusively by scientific principles. First. Getting up early exhausts an already tired body. Therefore, you should never rush to wake up. After waking up, having soaked up enough in bed, you need to stretch properly, not sparing any

time. Remember - you can not save on health. Remember? Now repeat. (dolls repeat)

dolls: Let's go soon! Lisa is in trouble!

Cat: Second. Tasty and high-calorie food must continuously enter the stomach to maintain exhausted strength and good-natured mood, which, in turn, saves the nervous system necessary to maintain a strong, encouraging, healing and, finally, peaceful sleep. Repeat! ( Dolls repeat after the cat)

Clown: Excuse me, how long will we listen?

Cat: And now let's move on to the exact numbers (moves to the other side of the stage). So: from 10 to 11 - morning awakening and sipping. From 11 to 12 - hearty breakfast. From 12 to 2 - morning sleep.

dolls: Morning sleep at such a time? This is unheard of! It's impossible!

Cat (continues): From 2 to 3 - a hearty lunch. From 3 to 5 - sweet dream. From 5 to 6 - a hearty dinner, because there is still a whole night ahead. As you can see, the day is very, extremely difficult, so you need to go to bed early - best of all immediately after dinner.

Clown: And when to save Lisa?

Cat: Well, you can't do everything. You must always be able to highlight the main thing. And now, if you'll excuse me, I've already been late with you - and yet it's time for me to sleep for a long time. (Yawns and stretches, goes backstage.)

old doll: No, we can't just persuade a cat. What to do?

New doll: I know! More than anything, cats love to be praised.

Clown: Well, that's to be praised. Only churn, all together!

Sing the song "Glory to the cat"

The cat comes out Ah, how nice! All this is true.

Chimney sweep: Dear, beautiful, smartest cat. Could you help us deal with the mice?

Cat. Of course of course! I will certainly help you. I will accomplish this feat. And let everyone know that I am the strongest, bravest and most dexterous. However, it will be more convenient for you to state all this in a laudatory song. I hope you can handle this.

Dolls: Yes Yes. We will try. Just go faster.

They leave.

Scene VI

The curtain opens. Kitchen, dishes, mouse feast.

Leading: Meanwhile, in the kitchen, the mice made a real feast. Having eaten heavily, they sing and dance with pleasure, anticipating a quick victory.

(Gypsy dance or Lezginka)- Mouse King, MousePrince, mice.

A cat appears

Cat: Meow! You forget mice. There is a cat in the house and that's me. Now I will catch you all! (Running along the trail, the mice run away)

Mouse King: No one doubts this, dear Kotofey Vasilyevich. Just before we get into your mouth, let me ask you one indiscreet question. It is said that you are such a skilled hunter that you can catch mice while blindfolded. Is it true?

Cat: You still doubt! Now I will show you what I am capable of. (He blindfolds himself with a scarf, makes some funny catching movements, all the mice hide. They play)

Mouse King:: Mice, let's get out of here. It's a lot of fun, but we have more important things to do.

Cat(removes the bandage) I'm sorry, what? Not a single mouse. Phew! Have I caught everyone? Oh, how clever and agile I am. I didn't even expect myself. This is what the correct daily routine means. By the way, about the schedule - having done such painstaking work, I fully deserve? * A good rest. Where are my soft pillows? (leaves)

Clown: This cat is no good at all. He is not only lazy, but also terribly stupid. He did not even notice that he did not catch a single mouse, but boasted like a real hero.
The dolls are crying.

Nutcracker: Full of grief and sadness. See how many of us there are. Can't we handle a handful of gray mice! We will rescue our good mistress from captivity. I hear the beat of the drums! This is a detachment of wooden soldiers hurrying to our aid!

Dance of the soldiers. The battle. The mice are defeated.

((Option 2) Nutcracker: Listen, puppets! It seems to me that we ourselves must save Lisa. We will try to defeat the Mouse King. To do this, we will assemble a formidable puppet army. I will lead you into battle. And it would be better for us all to die than to tremble with fear and watch our mistress die. Ah, if I had my magic saber!

The watchmaker appears

Watchmaker: I am unable to break the evil spell of the Mouse King, but I think that you can handle it, Nutcracker. All the sorcery of the King is powerless against brave and loving hearts. Take this saber, brave Nutcracker, and go to battle.

Nutcracker: Thank you, glorious master. You have no idea how much you helped me. Do not be afraid, soldiers, boldly stand in line. Forward to the victory!

Soldier dance.)

Nutcracker. Lead the prisoners into the mousetrap! Elsa, Marie - open the closet and free the mistress.

The dolls leave (the prisoners are taken away), the Inkwell appears

Inkwell. Here, here, Mouse King! He is here, here! You celebrate the victory early, piece of wood ... I weave an intrigue (leaves the stage). How wonderful! The Nutcracker dies, what a drama! I have to write everything down for history. And he... dies! ( Theatrically.)

Nutcracker. Here comes the Mouse King? How scary! But I shouldn't be afraid. I have to take the fight and win. We need to drive the Mouse King away, she does not belong in this house. But how will I fight? The King has sharp claws and teeth. Ah, if only I had a saber!

Watchmaker: (to the audience). My poor nutcracker! What a terrible battle is ahead of you! The Mouse King has everything: power, strength, sharp teeth, witchcraft spells. How I would like to protect you! But here, in the puppet kingdom, I am powerless. Guys, do for the Nutcracker? Tell. ... How could I not have guessed! Nutcracker, here's your saber! Feel free to fight!

Scary music.

The Mouse King Appears: Are you here! Finally, I'll deal with you! First, I'll bite your head off. Then I'll throw your body in the oven! You will turn to smoke and ashes. Then everything in this house will be subject only to my evil will! Prepare for death. (To son) Son, our kingdom has come.

MouseCor: Now I will be king.

The battle. The Nutcracker and the Mouse King hide behind the scenes. Battle music. Curtain. (Sad music) The Nutcracker appears with the cloak of the King. From behind the backstage 4, a freed Lisa.

Nutcracker: You are released, my lady. Now you have nothing to fear. The kingdom of the evil Mouse King has come to an end.

Masha: Dear Nutcracker! Have you really defeated the all-powerful mouse king and his son?

Nutcracker: Oh beautiful, Masha! You alone breathed into me knightly courage and gave power to my hand so that I struck down the Mouse King. Deign to graciously accept these trophies from the hands of a devoted knight. (Hands over cloak and crowns.)

Masha:: I can't believe my eyes! You are a real prince, you are so handsome. And it doesn't look like a simple Nutcracker at all. Everyone laughed at you, and you saved us from certain death. I'm proud of you. But what is this miraculous transformation?

Nutcracker: I was ugly and funny because of the Mouse King's spell. And no one could love me. Only your kind heart helped me overcome the evil spell. Now I'll show you our marvelous puppet world. Oh, if you would deign to walk with me even a few steps. Come, I'll show you the puppet kingdom!

The curtain opens. Decoration of the puppet kingdom. Music.

Nutcracker. Here is the magic music. Dear Lisa, I want to invite you to dance.

Final waltz.
Leading: Everyone is happy, and even the evil Inkwell does not want to write down his slander anymore. Surprised, Lisa traveled to a magical doll kingdom where she befriended elves and sugar dolls. She would have been spinning in a waltz for a long time if morning had not come and it was not time to wake up. Waking up, Lisa found her dolls safe and sound on the shelves of an old closet. But now they seemed very different. Among the dolls, only the Nutcracker was missing - he remained in his puppet kingdom. Lisa will remember the beautiful waltz for a long time and dream about her noble handsome prince. Someday she's bound to

and for you. If a speaker tells or reads with interest for himself and the audience feels it, then the audience will be interested.

In addition, try to make sure that in your speech there is not just a chain of different thoughts, but there is one main idea, to which all the rest are subordinated. Then the audience will guess what you want to convince them of, and will listen with interest and wait for you to formulate your main idea at the end.

201. Prepare a short story about the history of your region (city, area). Choose from it the most interesting facts. Build on their basis a small speech according to the plan:

1. Appeal to listeners.

2. Definition of the topic and purpose of the speech.

3. Presentation of the most striking facts of the history of the region (city).

4. An emotional conclusion addressed to the listeners.

202. Write off. Check with a dictionary.О Make sentences with the underlined words. Which member of the sentence is

each of these words?

buildings of modern architecture. .tectures, r. .stavirovat an old picture, a symbol of friendship, t. .restve. .oratory speech, r..toric, scientific laboratory, computer class.

Review questions

1. What member of the sentence is called the subject? What part of a sentence is called a predicate?

2. Name the main ways of expressing the subject. Give examples.

3. What types of predicates do you know? How in each of them

and predicate.

5. What groups are the minor members divided into? Tell about each minor member. Give examples.

6. How do agreed definitions differ from inconsistent ones?

7. Tell us about applications expressed by their own names, and about putting a hyphen in applications.

ONE-PIECE OFFERS

20. Main groups of one-part sentences

In two-part sentences, the grammatical basis consists of two main members - the subject and the predicate. Both of these terms are necessary to understand the meaning of the sentence. In one-part sentences, the grammatical basis consists of one main member (subject or predicate).

According to the form of the main member, one-component sentences are divided into two main groups: 1) with the main member - the predicate, 2) with the main member - the subject. Compare, for example: It's evening. Freezes and Evening. Freezing.

Like two-part sentences, one-part sentences can be non-common and common; compare, for example: Freezes and Freezes in the morning;

Evening and Quiet Evening.

203. Read. Specify one-part sentences. What are these proposals - common or not common? Is the main member in them the subject or the predicate? o Write down, denoting the grammatical basis of sentences.

1) On the reval, the caravan backed ..neighed. 2) T..nulo ve

black coolness. 3) We sit down to the fire. 4) Gus toy fog. Drizzle. 5) The wind is driving ..t rain from the mountains.

(According to G. Fedoseev.)

ONE-PIECE OFFERS

WITH THE MAIN MEMBER - PREDICT

21. Definitely personal offers

204. Read. Find two-part sentences, then one-part sentences with the main member - the predicate. Specify mood, time, face predicate verbs in these sentences.

that. Will you, Valya, come with me? 4) Let's get dressed as soon as possible! 5) Guys, don't be late for class!

example: 1) I love a thunderstorm in early May. (Tyutch.) 2) We are going to sea tomorrow. (Churkin.) 3) Is it from Moscow

will you? (M. G.) 4) What are you laughing at? Laugh at yourself! (G.) 5) Choose a book to your liking. 6) Sing

let's go to the garden. Let's work.

Definitely personal sentences express the action of the speaker (Reading a book) or interlocutor (Are you still reading?), as well as the motivation for action of the interlocutor (Read a book).

205. Read. Find specific, personal offers. Specify how the main term is expressed in them. Write down definite personal sentences. Label them with words.

1) Tomorrow I'm going with a r..dist and a guide to the mountains.

2) Pavel and I select only the most necessary things from our property. 3) After two hours of dreams .. I will speak with the doctor. .m 4) From what day start. .nat we will? 5) D. .vay today we will examine the northern slopes. 6) Why (n ..) are you going to rest? 7) (N ..) forget to inform the headquarters today about the events of yesterday. 8) Saying goodbye, I shake his hand for a long time.

(According to G. Fedoseev.)

206. Read. Find definite personal sentences and say what form of the verb the predicate is expressed in them. Write with missing punctuation marks. Mark the predicate in definite-personal sentences.

1) I love you Petra creation love your strict

slim look | 2) Show off the city of Petrov and stand firm like Russia | 3) There was a terrible time about her freshly remembered. .nanie... My friends will start my story about her for you | 4) My friend dedicates his soul to the motherland, wonderful impulses j 5) I will tell you a fairy tale that

an old Kalmyk woman told me as a child | 6) Tell me, brother, what kind of girl do you keep under your guard | Show it to me j 7) Then he [Pugachev] turned to Marya Ivanovna and said to her affectionately | Come out red girl; I give you freedom | 8) When the horses set off, he [Pugachev] once again leaned out of the wagon and shouted to me j Farewell to your honor [Perhaps, see you someday j (A. S. Pushkin.)

207. Read, replacing the indefinite form first with verbs in the form 1st person plural, then imperative verbs. Write it down. О In what cases does the proposal express a demand, and in what cases - an invitation to joint action?

1) (To get acquainted) with a new set of gymnastic exercises. 2) (Stand) in one line. 3) (When preparing) for walking on the spot. 4) (Raise) hands up.

5) (Repeat) this exercise. 6) A little (rest).

208. Read the text about linguist. Plan it. What style would you classify this text as? Find words and expressions characteristic of this style. Tell us about the scientific activity of A. A. Shakhmatov. О Explain the meaning of the highlighted word, choose synonyms for it.

Alexey Alexandrovich Shakhmatov

deep interest in the problems of linguistics. While still in high school, he took part in scientific debates. Then it was published

his first article. The scientific interests of the linguist are multifaceted. A. A. Shakhmatov studied the history and dialectology of Russian and other Slavic languages. He woz

V. V. Vinogradova, “for the first time, a colossal material has been collected that characterizes the amazing variety of syntactic constructions of the modern Russian language.” A. A. Shakhmatov was the first in the history of our science to single out the types of one-part sentences and describe the features of their structure, developed a classification of incomplete sentences. Many of Shakhmatov's syntactic ideas have not lost their relevance to this day.

209. Write down, putting the verbs in brackets in the plural form of the imperative mood. What do you express here, definitely-personal suggestions? О Tell us about the spelling of verbs in the imperative form.

Repulsion from the support is a necessary condition for movement. But is it always like this? (Take) a heavy stick in your hands. (Get up) on the ice. (Throw) the stick forward. What will happen? You roll 3 backwards. But you didn’t even think about pushing (t, t) with your foot from the ice. We have considered the recoil phenomenon. (According to JI. D. Landau, A. I. Kitaygorodsky.)

22. Offers indefinitely personal

210. Read. Find one-part sentences with the main member - the predicate. Indicate in what forms are used in these sentences predicate verbs.

rily seed germination.

II. 1) Someone is knocking on the door. - They are knocking on the door. 2) By

go to the phone, your friend is calling again. - Go to the phone. They call you.

Indefinitely personal sentences are one-part sentences with a predicate - a verb in the form of the 3rd person plural in na -

standing and future tense and plural form in the past tense, for example: 1) What's new in the newspaper write? (Shol.) 2) There was a knock on the door. (JI. T.) In such sentences, the action itself is important, and not the persons who perform it.

N o t e.Indefinitely personal and definitely personalsentences can have the meaning of a generalized person, i.e., indicate that the action is performed by everyone, by any person, for example: 1) Chickens are counted in the fall (i.e.

everyone should do so, it is true for any person); 2) You can't fill a bottomless barrel with water (i.e. no one can see

can do this); 3) What kind of birds you will not see in the spring forest! (M.-S.) (i.e. everyone can see).

Especially often predicates expressed by the verb in the form of the 2nd person singular have this meaning. Many proverbs are such sentences, for example:

You can't even take a fish out of the pond without effort.

211. Read and say in what forms verbs-predicates are used in indefinitely personal sentences.

1) In the ward, his stories were remembered for a long time. (Yu. Germ.) 2) A light was turned on on the balcony of the neighboring dacha. (Paust.) 3) They lead a horse to me. (P.) 4) The performance of our choir will be broadcast on the radio. 5) They don't walk on lawns. 6) We do not smoke.

212. Remake two-part sentences into synonymous one-part indefinite personal sentences. What did you do for this? How has the meaning of the sentences changed? o Choose a synonym for the underlined word.

Sample. Children are making noise in the house. - They are making noise in the house.

1) On the square, builders are erecting the building of a new theater. 2) Polar explorers sent two polar bears to the zoo. 3) At this enterprise, workers assemble computers. 4) Researchers at the institute will conduct a series of experiments. 5) Someone touched my shoulder and I woke up, b) In the evening the postman brought us a telegram. 7) Friends invited us to the theater.

a computer

experiment

experiment

213. Change indefinite personal sentences into two-part sentences. How will the meaning of the sentence change?

1) I'm in a hurry. Someone is waiting for me. 2) Don't worry: us

214. Compose vaguely personalsentences with the verb mi call, knock, send, call, using them

in present or past tense form.

215. Read. Specify the type of offer and form verb-predicate. Write off. О Remember and write down three proverbs with a predicate - a verb in the form of the 2nd person.

1) A smart head is respected .. melt (c) young. 2) The case of the word (not) substitutions, .sh. 3) After the case, they (do not) go for advice.

4) Stand up for the truth with a mountain. 5) (C) started., think, then speak. 6) The nightingale is (not) fed with fables.

(Proverbs.)

216. Read. Indicate which of these sentences are simple and which are complex. Write off, denoting in each sentence its grammatical basis and placing the missing commas. What types of one-part sentences were found in the exercise? O What is the basis for the distinction between the particles not and neither?

I. 1) On the mirror-shiny road past why I’m driving

217. Compare offers. How do they differ? Determine the type of one-part sentences. Justify your answer.

1) Don't be late for lessons.- Don't be late for lessons.

call. 4) This shop sells books. - This shop sells books. 5) Toys are made at the factory. - Toys are made at the factory.

218. Write, replacing verbs in the form of the 1st person with verbs in the form of the 2nd person. In which case (before or after the alteration) is the nature of the narrative more generalized (the reader, as it were, participates in the depicted)?

I usually arrive at the fishing spot (before) early..e. But I smell at the zn..comy. I wake up in the morning in a clean room.

I share. Then vst..yu. Pr .. I cling a backpack to my back. I say goodbye to the guest. .etc. .named owners. (Not) patiently walking towards the thick reeds .. you zar .. slam.

219. Read. Find one-part sentences, determine their type. Explain why the author uses one-part sentences.

A hunting rifle hangs on the wall.

It happens like this: look at the gun and remember something. And thoughts will flow into the past. Mild evenings in the August forest surrounding the sedge lake, morning dawns of spring, gentle autumn with a golden yellow carpet of leaves or cheerful, like youth, carefree and cheerful sunny winter day of the first powder, come to mind. Much is remembered. And everywhere you go not alone. Someone gets up

eat. You listen to the breath of your native expanses, you listen to the beating of your heart, and the same cry of the cranes that have returned again. (According to G. Troepolsky.)

220. Read the beginning of the story. Think about how it can be continued. Use in this case, where necessary to enliven the narrative, sentences with a generalized meaning.

Sunday we try to spend interesting. You are looking forward to the day. That's what happened last week...

23. impersonal proposals

221. Read. Find the grammatical basis in two-part and one-part sentences. Indicate in one-component sentences of the formverbs-predicates.Make sentences with impersonal verbs dawn, shiver, unwell in present and past tenses.

1) Evening.- Evening is coming. 2) It was frosty in the morning - It was freezing in the morning. 3) I want to sleep. - I want to sleep.

common tense or in the form of the middle gender in the past tense, for example: 1) It was already quite dark. (T.) 2) It will be dawn soon. (M. G.) 3) It was quiet outside. (L. T.)

The predicate in an impersonal sentence is expressed

S. Johnson, one of the great satirists, once said about his contemporary: "He is not only boring in himself, but with his very appearance makes those around him bored." This statement can be considered fair in relation to many speakers. Very often everything becomes clear after the first uttered sentence, and if it is unsuccessful, then it is impossible to attract the attention of listeners.

That is why there is a problem of the "image of the speaker". Much is written and said about the "personality of the speaker", about what is required of him, what he should be like (erudition, culture, etc.). But we do not mean a real person speaking to an audience. We are talking about constructing the image that the speaker needs, about a certain impression that the speaker makes on the listeners with his speech. He can act as a leader or a tribune, as a person, as if consulting with the audience, informing the audience, as a commentator on events, etc. It's a matter of strategy.

And here, first of all, it is important to remember the types of audience attention. In the case when attention arises independently of the will, consciousness, one speaks of involuntary attention. Involuntary attention occurs whenever:

• 1) a person is faced with something unusual, unexpected, interesting for him;
• 2) that which worries, worries, corresponds to practical interests and needs gets into the field of view or hearing of a person;
• 3) there is a strong, changing intensity or contrast stimulus.

Involuntary attention is not tiring, since it arises "by itself" and does not require nervous costs. However, it is not stable, it easily switches to another object.

Focusing on some object or process consciously, by an effort of will, listeners organize voluntary attention. Arbitrary attention arises when performing obligatory, but uninteresting work. It is accompanied by nervous costs, tiring.

If attention arose as a conscious, volitional one, but then it is maintained without any effort on the part of the listeners, because they are captured by the performance, this is a manifestation of post-voluntary attention. After-voluntary attention does not tire and can last for a very long time (an example is the speakers of antiquity, who were listened to for 5-6 hours).

It is very important to address the listener. A lot of people struggle with how to address their listeners. If earlier the address was long and ornate, with exaggerated respect, with multiple enumerations of those present, now the situation has changed. In recent decades, the appeal, like speech itself, has become simpler, without embellishment, more businesslike.

Contact with listeners is established in a frank and friendly manner, however, depending on the situation, with a predominance of confidence or with respect for distance. The appeal, if possible, should take into account the composition of the audience: dear colleagues, dear friends, dear colleagues. If the listeners are unknown, then the respectful address is perceived as an exaggeration. Address should be respectful, but not subservient.

Quite often the used address "dear those present" is rather colorless. Based on it, we can conclude that the listeners are just "present". The appeal is not necessary at the beginning of speech, it can be used in any part of it. In particularly expressive places, it serves to improve contact with the listeners. In the course of speech, the address must sometimes be varied.

The address always serves to maintain contact with the listeners, and in order to use it correctly, some more experience and a kind of subtle flair are needed.

In addition, the attitude towards the listener, towards the audience is very important. It is important not to allow either underestimation or overestimation of it. It is always easier to speak to a homogeneous group of listeners (specialists, students, colleagues, people of the same political orientation, etc.). Speaking in front of a heterogeneous audience is much more difficult.

Unfortunately, not many speakers can readjust themselves to different audience compositions. Some, having brilliantly mastered academic speech, do not speak the popular language, which prevents them from easily adjusting and communicating freely in any audience.

So, Hamilton said: "Tune in to your listeners. Think about what attracts their attention more, what they would like to hear, what brings them pleasant memories, and hint at things that they know."

One should always put oneself in the position of a listener, especially if a certain opinion is expressed in a speech. It is important for the speaker not only to imagine the listener, but also to feel him.

What are these people who listen to me? What do they think, what do they feel, what do they know, what would they like to hear and what should I tell them? Will what I want to say be new to the listener, or am I knocking on an open door?

An anecdote about a respectable citizen who once wanted to read a smart book is instructive. And I. Kant's book "Critique of Pure Reason" fell into his hands. Three minutes later he slammed the book shut and thought, shaking his head: "My friend Kant, I would like your worries!" The speaker may also find himself in the position of Kant.

Everything that the speaker says can be both good and right, but the listener is not interested. The listener is always interested in facts and thoughts that relate to himself.

Usually the introduction is able to capture and captivate the listeners. But how to maintain and maintain their attention throughout the entire performance, so that, as O. Erist rightly noted, “to avoid a situation where a quarter of the audience is busy “digesting” the content of the speech, and three-quarters are struggling with sleep”?

The most important condition for maintaining attention to a speech is its content, i.e. new. Information unknown to listeners or original interpretation of known facts, fresh ideas, problem analysis.

The presentation should be accessible, it is necessary to take into account the cultural and educational level of the audience, their life experience.

It should never be forgotten that many people hear exactly what they want to hear. Quintilian was right when he said: "What offends the ears cannot penetrate the human soul."

Supporting attention is the empathy that occurs when a speaker enthusiastically describes events that affect the feelings and interests of the audience. There is an eerie silence in the hall.

Listeners do not remain indifferent to trust, when the speaker manages to connect the subject of speech with his own experience, his own thoughts.

Spoken language is usually combined with a natural, relaxed manner of presentation that has a good effect on listeners, invites to joint reflection and conversation. The manner of presentation is manifested in the posture, gestures, facial expressions, and the sound of the voice. Gestures coming "from the heart" enhance the effect of speech, make it more expressive. Help to convince listeners.

Many novice speakers ask the following questions: "What to do with my hands?", "How to make sure that my hands do not betray my excitement?" But it is better to formulate the question in a different way: "How can hands help me?".

You can’t keep your hands in your pockets, this indicates bad manners. Plus, keeping your hands in your pockets won't teach you how to use them. Use your hands to create images of your friends.

According to some researchers, a gesture in a speech carries about 40% of the information. You can agree or disagree with this statement. But try to keep your hands at your sides during the performance, forgetting about the gesture, and you will immediately feel the "wooden" dryness of your voice, the stiffness of your thoughts.

It is best when the posture during the performance is calm, and the gestures are free and natural, and not casual and defiant. When the listener sees a rushing figure in front of him, he becomes irritated. Gesticulation can and should accompany the train of thought. There are no template gestures, there are gestures inviting, rejecting, imperative, interrogative.

• 1. About 90% of gestures must be done above the waist. Gesticulation below the waist often means uncertainty, failure, confusion.
• 2. Elbows should not be closer than 3 cm from the body. A smaller distance will symbolize the insignificance and weakness of your authority.
• 3. Gesticulate with both hands. The most difficult thing is to start using gestures that you find acceptable.

Gestures are the foundation of any language. Don't be afraid to use them.

Finally, the conviction and emotionality of the speaker are very important. If he is sincere, these qualities not only keep the listeners' attention on the problem, but allow him to infect the audience with his attitude to it. Eastern wisdom says: "You, the speaker, will not convince anyone when you do not have in your heart what comes off the tongue."

A moderate pace of speech is needed, such that the listeners have time to follow the course of the speaker's thoughts, assimilate what was said, and write it down. Pauses are necessary in speech. It is during the pauses that the comprehension of what has been said takes place, it becomes possible to ask a question. It must be remembered that a person can actively listen for an average of 15 minutes. Then you need to pause or digress, bring some interesting fact.

O. Ernst advises the use of dramatization of speech: an emotional and visual depiction of events related to the topic. Experienced speakers who are well-versed in the topic sometimes resort to provocation: they say something that causes disagreement of the audience (and therefore attracts their attention), and then come to constructive conclusions with it.

The more difficult the speech, the more effort the listeners have to make to concentrate their attention. Humor is a classic way to relieve emotional tension. Humor creates a natural pause for the rest of the intellect.

However, a sense of humor is a natural gift. And if it is not developed, one must at least be aware of it. It becomes embarrassing when you see a person on the podium, who makes himself laugh hard. In this sense, humorous sketches are safer - paradoxical examples, funny stories from the life of great people, historical anecdotes, etc. However, they also need to be able to tell.

For example, characterizing the features of formal communication, the lecturer cited a story from the life of Mark Twain, a great lover of joking. Once the writer was late for a dinner party. He apologized to those present and continued in a guilty tone: "I just had to run to my aunt and strangle her." They listened to him with kind smiles and began to console him: "Well, it's okay, you shouldn't make excuses like that."

However, resorting to a joke, one should not forget that at one time D.I. Pisarev said: "When laughter, playfulness and humor serve as a means, then everything is fine. When they become the goal, then mental debauchery begins."

Constant eye contact allows you to monitor the reaction of the listeners and control their attention. "Eyes not only "listen" * they also" answer, "says R. Hoff. If you feel misunderstanding or indifference in the return look, there is an opportunity to save the situation by explaining what was said or saying something that will touch the listeners to the quick.

If contact is established with some part of the hall, according to the law of emotional infection, it covers everyone. And contact without a look is not established. "Your eyes should help in the implementation of the main goal: your thoughts should reach the listeners, your eyes should connect with the eyes of the listeners, like a firm handshake of friends," advises F. Snell.

Oratory speech, its features. Public speaking about the history of your region Words know how to cry and laugh,
Order, pray and conjure,
And, like a heart, bleed
And indifferently to breathe cold.
... A call to become, and a recall, and a call
Capable of a word, changing the way.
And they curse and swear by the word,
They admonish, and praise, and vilify.
Y. Kozlovsky "Word"
Let him be called an orator
who knows how to speak
convince.
Cicero

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Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev on the most important signs of a good public speech